. Science is not just a bulk of
knowledge, but knowledge assembled by the appliance of the scientific methodology.
The scientific method has led to the
discovery of some of the most important concepts in science today such as evolution,
gravitational theory, relativity, and too much more to list. It helps to catch frauds and bring the
truth to light. It continues to be the standard for which all scientific discoveries are measured and
verified and it has stood the test of time to be used in all fields in science and it has applications
in many other industries.The primary goal of scientific research is to describe and explain
reality. Research begins with defining and describing what is already known about a subject.
This requires reviewing the literature and synthesizing the information generated by various
studies in the past.In scientific method, logic supports in preparing propositions clearly and
precisely so that their probable substitutes become clear. Further, logic develops the
consequences of such alternatives, and when these are compared with observable phenomena, it
becomes possible for the researcher or the scientist to state which alternative is most in harmony
with the observed facts. All this is done through experimentation and survey investigations
which constitute the integral parts of scientific method. The scientific research will have the following steps:-
1. Observe an event: - The first process in the scientific method involves the observation
of a phenomenon, event, or “problem.” The discovery of such a phenomenon may occur
due to an interest on the observers‟ part, a suggestion or assignment, or it may be an
annoyance that one wishes to resolve.
2. Develop a hypothesis: - Observation leads to a question that needs to be answered tohuman curiosity about the observation, such as why or how this event happened
or what it is like. In order to develop this question, observation may involve taking
measures to quantify it in order to better describe it. Scientific questions need to be
human curiosity about the observation, such as why or how this event happened
or what it is like. In order to develop this question, observation may involve taking
measures to quantify it in order to better describe it. Scientific questions need to be
answerable and lead to the formation of a hypothesis about the problem.
3. Test the prediction. A scientific hypothesis has to be testable and also has to be proven
to be accurate. If it does fall short, another hypothesis may be tested, usually one that has
taken into consideration the fact that the last tested hypothesis failed. Prediction is a
statement about the way things will happen in the future, often but not always based on
experience or knowledge. 4 Observe the result: - All evidence and conclusions must be analyzed properly. 5. An experiment is designed to prove or disprove the hypothesis.6.Revise the hypothesis 7. Repeat as needed.8. A successful hypot
What is the difference between research methodology and research designPhD Assistance
What is the difference between research methodology and research design? - PhD Assistance -
http://www.phdassistance.com/services/phd-research-methodology/
. Science is not just a bulk of
knowledge, but knowledge assembled by the appliance of the scientific methodology.
The scientific method has led to the
discovery of some of the most important concepts in science today such as evolution,
gravitational theory, relativity, and too much more to list. It helps to catch frauds and bring the
truth to light. It continues to be the standard for which all scientific discoveries are measured and
verified and it has stood the test of time to be used in all fields in science and it has applications
in many other industries.The primary goal of scientific research is to describe and explain
reality. Research begins with defining and describing what is already known about a subject.
This requires reviewing the literature and synthesizing the information generated by various
studies in the past.In scientific method, logic supports in preparing propositions clearly and
precisely so that their probable substitutes become clear. Further, logic develops the
consequences of such alternatives, and when these are compared with observable phenomena, it
becomes possible for the researcher or the scientist to state which alternative is most in harmony
with the observed facts. All this is done through experimentation and survey investigations
which constitute the integral parts of scientific method. The scientific research will have the following steps:-
1. Observe an event: - The first process in the scientific method involves the observation
of a phenomenon, event, or “problem.” The discovery of such a phenomenon may occur
due to an interest on the observers‟ part, a suggestion or assignment, or it may be an
annoyance that one wishes to resolve.
2. Develop a hypothesis: - Observation leads to a question that needs to be answered tohuman curiosity about the observation, such as why or how this event happened
or what it is like. In order to develop this question, observation may involve taking
measures to quantify it in order to better describe it. Scientific questions need to be
human curiosity about the observation, such as why or how this event happened
or what it is like. In order to develop this question, observation may involve taking
measures to quantify it in order to better describe it. Scientific questions need to be
answerable and lead to the formation of a hypothesis about the problem.
3. Test the prediction. A scientific hypothesis has to be testable and also has to be proven
to be accurate. If it does fall short, another hypothesis may be tested, usually one that has
taken into consideration the fact that the last tested hypothesis failed. Prediction is a
statement about the way things will happen in the future, often but not always based on
experience or knowledge. 4 Observe the result: - All evidence and conclusions must be analyzed properly. 5. An experiment is designed to prove or disprove the hypothesis.6.Revise the hypothesis 7. Repeat as needed.8. A successful hypot
What is the difference between research methodology and research designPhD Assistance
What is the difference between research methodology and research design? - PhD Assistance -
http://www.phdassistance.com/services/phd-research-methodology/
Research projects – the process
Standard activities in research projects
Creating a GANTT Chart
Risk management
Project tracking
Research projects – the outputs
Documentation – classic structure
Basic writing skills
Harvard referencing
Plagiarism
Original research articles constitute a major portion of academic journal publishing. These slides will help you with four important steps to of writing an original research article: choosing a research question, doing a literature search, structuring a manuscript, and formatting a research paper.
Introduction and Literature Review. This must see webinar provides tips on writing the introduction and literature review sections of your dissertation. A step by step guide on using zotero (for bibliography and citation) is included, along with tips on searching, reading, organizing, and writing your literature review.
Perusasioita tiedonhallinnan taidoista lukiolaisille. Aiheina mm. lähdekritiikki, googlaus sekä kirjaston tietokannan ja CC-lisensoitujen kuvien käyttö.
Research projects – the process
Standard activities in research projects
Creating a GANTT Chart
Risk management
Project tracking
Research projects – the outputs
Documentation – classic structure
Basic writing skills
Harvard referencing
Plagiarism
Original research articles constitute a major portion of academic journal publishing. These slides will help you with four important steps to of writing an original research article: choosing a research question, doing a literature search, structuring a manuscript, and formatting a research paper.
Introduction and Literature Review. This must see webinar provides tips on writing the introduction and literature review sections of your dissertation. A step by step guide on using zotero (for bibliography and citation) is included, along with tips on searching, reading, organizing, and writing your literature review.
Perusasioita tiedonhallinnan taidoista lukiolaisille. Aiheina mm. lähdekritiikki, googlaus sekä kirjaston tietokannan ja CC-lisensoitujen kuvien käyttö.
Mitkä ilmiöt vaikuttavat tällä hetkellä voimakkaimmin verkkomaailman kehitykseen? Miten verkkotrendit puolestaan heijastuvat verkkotiedonhakuun? Miten ja mistä palveluista verkossa voi ja kannattaa hakea tietoa, seurata ilmiöitä, ihmisiä ja organisaatioita?
Harjoituksessa vertaillaan kahta terveysteemaista verkkosivua. Tavoitteena on oppia löytämään tiedon luotettavuuden arvioinnin kannalta olennaisia asioita verkkosivulta, sekä ymmärtää, näihin asioihin täytyy kiinnittää huomiota tietoa hakiessa.
Ohjeita ja onnistuneita opetuskokemuksia tiedonhankinnan opetuksesta Tampereen lukioissa. Tieto haltuun -hankeessa tuotettu opas on syntynyt informaatikon ja viestinnänopettajan yhteistyönä.
Tiedonhallintataitojen opetussuunnitelma Tampereen lukioihinHeidi Eriksson
Tampereen kaupungin lukioiden opetussuunnitelmaa täydentävä liite tuo tiedonhallintataitojen opiskelun osaksi pakollisia oppiaineita kurssikohtaisesti. Suunnitelma on toteutettu Tieto haltuun -hankkeessa
Tiedonhallintataitojen opetussuunnitelma Tampereen lukioihin
Tiedonhakijan huoneentaulu
1. Tiedonhakijan huoneentaulu
1. Valitse hyvä aihe
• Kiinnostava
• Selkeä rajaus tai näkökulma (hyviä rajauksia ovat esim. aika, paikka, sukupuoli tai
ikäryhmä)
• Merkityksellinen eli ei itsestäänselvyyksiä
• Toteutettavissa eli tietoa on saatavilla ja aikaa on riittävästi
2. Tutustu perusteisiin ja aiheesta löytyviin aineistoihin
3. Valitse hakusanat ja sopivin hakutapa
• esim. sanahaku Googlesta, kirjojen haku PIKI -verkkokirjastosta, Aiheesta muualla –
linkit aiheesi Wikipedia-artikkelissa, sanomalehtiarkistostot
• Vai tunnetko jo alan viralliset tiedontuottajat? (Tilastokeskus, Terveyskirjasto,
Ilmatieteenlaitos jne.)
• Valitse termit, joita tiedon tuottaja käyttäisi!
4. Etsi useita lähteitä ja kokeile monenlaisia hakuja
• Hyödynnä linkit ja lähdeluettelot
• Poimi hakutermejä ja -vinkkejä löytämistäsi lähteistä
• Merkitse muistiinpanoihisi heti tiedonlähde.
5. Muista aina lähdekritiikki!
• Asiantuntijuus: Onko kirjoittaja uskottava asiantuntija?
• Uskottavuus: Perustuuko tieto uskottaviin lähteisiin?
• Neutraalius: Onko julkaisupaikka puolueeton? Myykö teksti aatetta tai tavaraa?
• Ajantasaisuus: Onko tieto tuoretta? Perustuuko se tuoreisiin tutkimuksiin?
• Osuvuus: Onko tieto oleellista aiheesi kannalta?
6. Tarkenna tai muuta aihettasi tarvittaessa. Usein aihe täsmentyy oppiessasi lisää.
7. Kokoa oma näkemyksesi lähteiden pohjalta. Kirjoita itse, älä kopioi!
Tiedonhankinta on tutkielman tärkein vaihe.
Tee se huolella!
Tieto haltuun -hanke (2012)