An information system is a set of interconnected components that collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making and coordination in an organization. Information systems are critical to business operations and success, ensuring improved decision making, operational excellence, competitive advantage, and organizational survival. An information system incorporates three dimensions: organizational, management, and technology. The organizational dimension involves business processes and culture. The management dimension supplies tools and information for managers. The technology dimension consists of hardware, software, storage, and networking that underpin information systems.

1. An information system is a set of interrelated components that work together to collect,
process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control,
analysis, and visualization in an organization.
Information systems are the foundation for conducting business today. It plays a critical role
in increasing productivity and industrial survival thus making it hard for an organization to
continue to exist without extensive use of it.
With information system existence it ensures improved decision making, Operational
excellence, and Competitive advantage, Customer and supplier intimacy and total overall
organizational survival. Information systems may help managers and workers analyze
problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products.
THREE DIMENSIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
An information system represents a combination of management, organization, and
technology element. To fully understand information systems, a manager must understand the
broader organization, management, and information technology dimensions of systems and
their power to provide solutions to challenges and problems in the business environment.
Hence it incorporates an understanding of the management and organizational dimensions of
systems as well as the technical dimensions of systems as information systems literacy.
Information systems literacy includes a behavioral as well as a technical approach to studying
information systems. Computer literacy, in contrast, focuses primarily on knowledge of
information technology. These dimensions can be explained as follows
ORGANIZATIONAL DIMENSION
Information systems are part of organizations. Information systems will have the standard
operating procedure and the culture of an organization imbedded within them.
The organization dimension of information systems involves the organization’s hierarchy,
functional specialties, business processes, culture, and political interest groups.
In reality today information systems affect a much larger part of the organization itself, such
as organizational products, objectives, and structure. Powerful computers, software, and
networks, including the Internet, have helped organizations become more flexible, More and
more business activities at all levels involve the use of information systems.

2. There is a growing interdependence between the organization and its information systems. An
organization’s present and future accomplishments depend in many respects on what its
systems will permit it to do now and later, thus a change in the business's strategy, rules, or
procedures requires changes in the information systems software, hardware, databases, and
telecommunications.
MANAGEMENT DIMENSION OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
Managers perceive business challenges in the environment, they set the organizational
strategy for responding and allocate the human and financial resources to achieve the strategy
and coordinate the work.
The management dimension of information systems involves leadership, strategy, and
management behavior. Information systems supply tools and information needed by managers
to allocate, coordinate and monitor their work, make decisions, create new products, and
services and make long-range strategic decisions. Information system helps to make
teamwork and collaborative work environments
Information systems help to drive both daily operations and managerial strategies.
Information systems can help management to obtain periodic reports, These reports can be
obtained from different systems such as sales./marketing systems, Human resource systems,
accounting systems. The systems assist managers in making decision making such as by
having What-if" questions on decision support systems.
Also helps senior management to tackle and address strategic issues and long-term
trends both in the firm and in the external environment. Their principle concern is matching
changes in the external environment with existing organizational capability
TECHNOLOGY DIMENSION
The technology dimensions consist of computer hardware, software, data management
technology, and networking/telecommunications technology (including the Internet).
Management uses technology (hardware, software, storage, and telecommunications) to carry
out their functions. It is one of the many tools managers use to cope with change.

3. Computer hardware is the physical equipment used for input, processing, and output activities
in an information system. It consists of the following: the computer processing unit; various s
input, output, and storage devices; and physical media to link these devices together.
Computer software consists of the detailed preprogrammed instructions that control and
coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system.
Storage technology includes both the physical media for storing data, such as magnetic or
optical disk or tape, and the software governing the organization of data on these physical
media.
Communications technology, consisting of both physical devices and software, links the
various pieces of hardware and transfers data from one physical location to another.
Computers and communications equipment can be connected in networks for sharing voice,
data, images, sound, or even video
All of these technologies represent resources that can be shared throughout the organization
and constitute the firm's information technology (IT) infrastructure re. The IT infrastructure
provides the foundation or platform on which the firm can build its specific information
systems.
Each organization must carefully design and manage its information technology
infrastructure so that it has the set of technology services it needs for the work it wants to
accomplish with information systems.

4. REFERENCES
Laudon, K. & Laudon, J. (2006); Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital
Firm, 9th edition. Prentice Hal
http://www.aiu.edu/publications/student/english/Management%20Information
%20Systems.htm (Accessed 24th
march 2015)