COEPD - Center of Excellence for Professional Development is a primarily aBusiness Analyst and PMP Training Institute in the IT industry of India head quartered at Hyderabad. COEPD is expert in PMP Training and Business Analyst Training in Hyderabad, Chennai,Pune, Mumbai&Vizag. We offer PMP and Business Analyst Training with affordable prices that fit your needs.
COEPD conducts 4-day workshops throughout the year for all participants in various locations i.e. Hyderabad, Pune. The workshops are also conducted on Saturdays and Sundays for the convenience of working professionals.
For More Details Please Contact us:
Visit at http://www.coepd.comorhttp://www.facebook.com/BusinessAnalystTraining
Center of Excellence for Professional Development
3rd Floor, Sahithi Arcade, S R Nagar,
Hyderabad 500 038, India.
Ph# +91 9000155700,
helpdesk@coepd.com
The document discusses a PESTEL analysis framework for analyzing macroenvironmental factors. PESTEL stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors. It provides questions to analyze each factor and how they may impact a business or industry. For example, key political factors would include government stability, laws and regulations. Understanding the external environment is important for strategic planning and identifying opportunities and threats.
PESTEL analysis is a framework that categorizes environmental influences as political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors (PESTEL) to identify how these external elements influence industries and companies. It breaks down the general environment into six specific segments represented by the letters in PESTEL. Executives use PESTEL analysis to organize factors and understand how they shape business operations and decision-making.
This document presents guidelines for crafting successful business strategies. It defines strategy as determining long-term goals and adopting actions to achieve those goals. Strategic management is defined as formulating, implementing, evaluating, and controlling strategies to realize organizational goals. The document states that in a global business environment, strategic thinking is required and good corporate strategies allow companies to be competitively strategic. It provides that a strategy states how an organization will achieve its mission and objectives.
This document discusses PESTLE analysis, a framework used to analyze macroenvironmental factors that impact an organization. It examines the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental aspects (PESTLE). The document provides examples of recent PESTLE analyses, including one on India that discussed growth in key sectors and GDP, and one on Spain that mentioned the Eurozone crisis and slow projected growth. It also summarizes an analysis of the global biochar market. PESTLE analysis helps consider important external influences and potential opportunities or threats from changes in the business environment.
Political and legal environment of BusinessRucha Kularkar
The political and legal environment consists of factors related to public affairs management and laws that affect business operations in India. As a democratic country, India has a stable political system where the government plays an active role in economic development and ensures security. Marketing decisions are strongly influenced by developments in the political and legal environment. Business legislation aims to protect companies, consumers, and society. The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 outlines six consumer rights including safety, information, choice, representation, redressal, and education.
This document discusses the political and legal environments that multinational enterprises must consider when operating in different countries. It outlines various political systems such as democracy, totalitarianism, and mixed systems. It also describes the layers of political influence from the home country, host country, and global levels. The legal environment section notes that countries develop their own legal systems and the main types are common law and code law systems. It concludes by explaining the layers of the legal environment and methods for settling international disputes such as negotiation, arbitration, and litigation.
PESTEL analysis - strategic management - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
PESTEL analysis is one important tool that executives can rely on to organize factors within the general environment and to identify how these factors influence industries and the firms within them.
COEPD - Center of Excellence for Professional Development is a primarily aBusiness Analyst and PMP Training Institute in the IT industry of India head quartered at Hyderabad. COEPD is expert in PMP Training and Business Analyst Training in Hyderabad, Chennai,Pune, Mumbai&Vizag. We offer PMP and Business Analyst Training with affordable prices that fit your needs.
COEPD conducts 4-day workshops throughout the year for all participants in various locations i.e. Hyderabad, Pune. The workshops are also conducted on Saturdays and Sundays for the convenience of working professionals.
For More Details Please Contact us:
Visit at http://www.coepd.comorhttp://www.facebook.com/BusinessAnalystTraining
Center of Excellence for Professional Development
3rd Floor, Sahithi Arcade, S R Nagar,
Hyderabad 500 038, India.
Ph# +91 9000155700,
helpdesk@coepd.com
The document discusses a PESTEL analysis framework for analyzing macroenvironmental factors. PESTEL stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors. It provides questions to analyze each factor and how they may impact a business or industry. For example, key political factors would include government stability, laws and regulations. Understanding the external environment is important for strategic planning and identifying opportunities and threats.
PESTEL analysis is a framework that categorizes environmental influences as political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors (PESTEL) to identify how these external elements influence industries and companies. It breaks down the general environment into six specific segments represented by the letters in PESTEL. Executives use PESTEL analysis to organize factors and understand how they shape business operations and decision-making.
This document presents guidelines for crafting successful business strategies. It defines strategy as determining long-term goals and adopting actions to achieve those goals. Strategic management is defined as formulating, implementing, evaluating, and controlling strategies to realize organizational goals. The document states that in a global business environment, strategic thinking is required and good corporate strategies allow companies to be competitively strategic. It provides that a strategy states how an organization will achieve its mission and objectives.
This document discusses PESTLE analysis, a framework used to analyze macroenvironmental factors that impact an organization. It examines the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental aspects (PESTLE). The document provides examples of recent PESTLE analyses, including one on India that discussed growth in key sectors and GDP, and one on Spain that mentioned the Eurozone crisis and slow projected growth. It also summarizes an analysis of the global biochar market. PESTLE analysis helps consider important external influences and potential opportunities or threats from changes in the business environment.
Political and legal environment of BusinessRucha Kularkar
The political and legal environment consists of factors related to public affairs management and laws that affect business operations in India. As a democratic country, India has a stable political system where the government plays an active role in economic development and ensures security. Marketing decisions are strongly influenced by developments in the political and legal environment. Business legislation aims to protect companies, consumers, and society. The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 outlines six consumer rights including safety, information, choice, representation, redressal, and education.
This document discusses the political and legal environments that multinational enterprises must consider when operating in different countries. It outlines various political systems such as democracy, totalitarianism, and mixed systems. It also describes the layers of political influence from the home country, host country, and global levels. The legal environment section notes that countries develop their own legal systems and the main types are common law and code law systems. It concludes by explaining the layers of the legal environment and methods for settling international disputes such as negotiation, arbitration, and litigation.
PESTEL analysis - strategic management - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
PESTEL analysis is one important tool that executives can rely on to organize factors within the general environment and to identify how these factors influence industries and the firms within them.
The document discusses key concepts related to business, government, society and their relationships. It begins by defining business, government and society. It then discusses different models of the relationship between business, government and society - the Market Capitalism Model, Dominance Model, Countervailing Forces Model and Stakeholder Model. It also covers related concepts like business ethics, triple bottom line, corporate social responsibility and CSR laws in India.
The document discusses business environmental analysis and its importance for strategic decision making. It defines business environment and explains that businesses operate in a unique environment and cannot function in isolation. The business environment includes internal factors that are controllable by the business as well as external factors from the macro and micro environment that are beyond the business's control. Conducting an analysis of the business environment is important for identifying opportunities and threats to help guide the business's growth strategy.
This slide is about PESTEL analysis. In this slide professionally discuss on PESTEL analysis. Briefly, analyse about PESTEL so one can easily understand and easily implement on the desired area.
This document provides an overview of macro marketing environment factors. It discusses the key components of the marketing environment including the internal environment, microenvironment, and macroenvironment. The macroenvironment consists of large societal and industry influences outside of a company's control such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and demographic factors. These macro factors are important for companies to consider when planning marketing strategies. The document also provides an example of using a PEST analysis to evaluate the macroenvironment and discusses how companies can respond either passively or aggressively to changes in the marketing environment.
This document provides an overview of PESTLE analysis, which is a framework used to analyze the macroenvironmental factors that may have a positive or negative impact on an organization. It discusses the six factors that make up the PESTLE acronym: political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental. For each factor, examples are given of relevant considerations for analysis. The document then discusses when and why PESTLE analysis should be conducted, as well as potential advantages and disadvantages. Finally, a PESTLE analysis example is given for Coca-Cola to illustrate how the framework can be applied.
This document presents a group's presentation on performing a PESTLE analysis. It defines a PESTLE analysis as a tool to identify macro environmental forces facing an organization. It outlines the key factors of a PESTLE analysis: Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Environmental and Legal. The document then discusses the origins of PESTLE analysis and provides examples of factors to consider in each category. It highlights the importance of PESTLE analysis for strategic planning and identifying opportunities and threats. In conclusion, it states that PESTLE analysis gives a complete view of the market scenario and proper use can lead to sustainable growth.
The document describes various business simulations provided by Innovative Learning Solutions (ILS) called Marketplace. Marketplace simulations are used by over 400,000 trainees in 650 business schools and 200 corporations globally. They provide realistic hands-on learning experiences in business topics like marketing, finance, operations and strategy. The document discusses several Marketplace simulations targeted at different course levels from introductory to advanced, covering topics such as marketing, business strategy, entrepreneurship, and e-commerce. Each simulation involves trainees making business decisions over multiple rounds to learn concepts through a competitive game environment.
The document discusses different types of economic systems: traditional, command, market, and mixed. It provides details on the key characteristics of each system. A traditional system is based around customs and relies on farming/land. A command system has a centralized government that controls resources and industry. A market system operates through private ownership and supply/demand. A mixed system combines aspects of market and command economies, with the government controlling some industries but otherwise allowing a free market.
The document discusses the strategic management process, which includes four main steps: environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation. Environmental scanning involves analyzing internal and external factors that influence an organization. During strategy formulation, organizations design resource acquisition plans and formulate strategies to achieve goals. Strategy implementation translates strategies into actions. Strategy evaluation regularly assesses strategies and performance to determine if corrections are needed.
Strategic control involves tracking a strategy as it is implemented, detecting problems or changes, and making adjustments. It has several purposes, including helping achieve goals by monitoring and evaluating the strategic management process. There are different types of strategic control, including premise control to test assumptions, implementation control to monitor plans, strategic surveillance for broad monitoring, and special alert control for rapid response to unexpected events. Strategic control is meant to continually assess changes and their impact on an organization's strategy.
External environment factors are elements that exist outside of a company's internal environment that can affect a company's operations. These outside forces can help the business or present challenges to its current processes.
Environmental scanning involves systematically gathering, analyzing, and disseminating information from inside and outside an organization to identify opportunities and threats. It helps organizations effectively utilize resources, formulate strategies, and predict the future. Key factors to consider include trends, issues, expectations, and events in the external environment. Approaches to environmental scanning include systematic, ad hoc, and using secondary data. PEST analysis examines the political, economic, sociocultural, and technological factors in an organization's macro environment. SWOT analysis identifies internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats.
The framework of rules and practices by which a board of directors ensures accountability, fairness, and transparency in a company's relationship with its all stakeholders (financiers, customers, management, employees, government, and the community).
The corporate governance framework consists of
(1) explicit and implicit contracts between the company and the stakeholders for distribution of responsibilities, rights, and rewards,
(2) procedures for reconciling the sometimes conflicting interests of stakeholders in accordance with their duties, privileges, and roles, and
(3) procedures for proper supervision, control, and information-flows to serve as a system of checks-and-balances.
Business ethics refers to the principles and standards that guide decisions and behaviors in a business context. An organization's culture and values shape how it determines what constitutes good and bad decision making. Some key issues in business ethics include honesty, fairness, integrity and concern for others. When ethical lines are blurred, questions around truth, fairness to stakeholders and benefit to all parties can help determine the ethical course of action.
The document discusses a PESTLE analysis framework for analyzing a company's macroenvironment. PESTLE stands for Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technological, Legal, and Environmental factors that can impact a business from outside. It provides a template to analyze opportunities and threats from each of these external factors on a company's operations and strategy.
The document compares the corporate governance models of Anglo-US, Japanese, and German systems. It discusses the key players, ownership patterns, board composition, regulatory frameworks, disclosure requirements, shareholder approval processes, and interactions among players. The Japanese model emphasizes management, main banks, affiliated companies and government. The German model separates management and supervision functions. Regulatory authority differs, with the US relying on the SEC and stock exchanges while Japan uses government agencies and Germany uses both federal and state laws.
An NRI working in Germany wanted to start a chemical unit in Basti, Uttar Pradesh. The government promised support but problems arose after construction completed. Electricity was not provided and policies changed with new ministers after elections. The industry could not start production and the NRI ultimately had to quit and declare insolvency, returning to Germany. Key issues included a lack of follow through on government policies, low support for industry development, and political and legal factors affecting long term business viability.
Tanzania has vast potential for economic growth but lacks sufficient infrastructure to realize this potential. The country's infrastructure, including transportation, power, water and sanitation, is in poor condition and constrains both domestic growth and foreign investment. While the government has made infrastructure development a top priority and progress has been made in some areas like ICT, Tanzania continues to face major challenges like underfunding of projects and inadequate maintenance. Improving infrastructure is key to supporting Tanzania's competitiveness and achieving more inclusive economic expansion.
The document outlines what a PESTLE analysis is and the factors it considers. A PESTLE analysis examines the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental external factors that may impact a business. It is used to understand the environment a business operates in and how changes in these factors could affect the business's objectives and strategy. The document lists examples of factors to consider under each element of the PESTLE analysis framework.
The document discusses key concepts related to business, government, society and their relationships. It begins by defining business, government and society. It then discusses different models of the relationship between business, government and society - the Market Capitalism Model, Dominance Model, Countervailing Forces Model and Stakeholder Model. It also covers related concepts like business ethics, triple bottom line, corporate social responsibility and CSR laws in India.
The document discusses business environmental analysis and its importance for strategic decision making. It defines business environment and explains that businesses operate in a unique environment and cannot function in isolation. The business environment includes internal factors that are controllable by the business as well as external factors from the macro and micro environment that are beyond the business's control. Conducting an analysis of the business environment is important for identifying opportunities and threats to help guide the business's growth strategy.
This slide is about PESTEL analysis. In this slide professionally discuss on PESTEL analysis. Briefly, analyse about PESTEL so one can easily understand and easily implement on the desired area.
This document provides an overview of macro marketing environment factors. It discusses the key components of the marketing environment including the internal environment, microenvironment, and macroenvironment. The macroenvironment consists of large societal and industry influences outside of a company's control such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and demographic factors. These macro factors are important for companies to consider when planning marketing strategies. The document also provides an example of using a PEST analysis to evaluate the macroenvironment and discusses how companies can respond either passively or aggressively to changes in the marketing environment.
This document provides an overview of PESTLE analysis, which is a framework used to analyze the macroenvironmental factors that may have a positive or negative impact on an organization. It discusses the six factors that make up the PESTLE acronym: political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental. For each factor, examples are given of relevant considerations for analysis. The document then discusses when and why PESTLE analysis should be conducted, as well as potential advantages and disadvantages. Finally, a PESTLE analysis example is given for Coca-Cola to illustrate how the framework can be applied.
This document presents a group's presentation on performing a PESTLE analysis. It defines a PESTLE analysis as a tool to identify macro environmental forces facing an organization. It outlines the key factors of a PESTLE analysis: Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Environmental and Legal. The document then discusses the origins of PESTLE analysis and provides examples of factors to consider in each category. It highlights the importance of PESTLE analysis for strategic planning and identifying opportunities and threats. In conclusion, it states that PESTLE analysis gives a complete view of the market scenario and proper use can lead to sustainable growth.
The document describes various business simulations provided by Innovative Learning Solutions (ILS) called Marketplace. Marketplace simulations are used by over 400,000 trainees in 650 business schools and 200 corporations globally. They provide realistic hands-on learning experiences in business topics like marketing, finance, operations and strategy. The document discusses several Marketplace simulations targeted at different course levels from introductory to advanced, covering topics such as marketing, business strategy, entrepreneurship, and e-commerce. Each simulation involves trainees making business decisions over multiple rounds to learn concepts through a competitive game environment.
The document discusses different types of economic systems: traditional, command, market, and mixed. It provides details on the key characteristics of each system. A traditional system is based around customs and relies on farming/land. A command system has a centralized government that controls resources and industry. A market system operates through private ownership and supply/demand. A mixed system combines aspects of market and command economies, with the government controlling some industries but otherwise allowing a free market.
The document discusses the strategic management process, which includes four main steps: environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation. Environmental scanning involves analyzing internal and external factors that influence an organization. During strategy formulation, organizations design resource acquisition plans and formulate strategies to achieve goals. Strategy implementation translates strategies into actions. Strategy evaluation regularly assesses strategies and performance to determine if corrections are needed.
Strategic control involves tracking a strategy as it is implemented, detecting problems or changes, and making adjustments. It has several purposes, including helping achieve goals by monitoring and evaluating the strategic management process. There are different types of strategic control, including premise control to test assumptions, implementation control to monitor plans, strategic surveillance for broad monitoring, and special alert control for rapid response to unexpected events. Strategic control is meant to continually assess changes and their impact on an organization's strategy.
External environment factors are elements that exist outside of a company's internal environment that can affect a company's operations. These outside forces can help the business or present challenges to its current processes.
Environmental scanning involves systematically gathering, analyzing, and disseminating information from inside and outside an organization to identify opportunities and threats. It helps organizations effectively utilize resources, formulate strategies, and predict the future. Key factors to consider include trends, issues, expectations, and events in the external environment. Approaches to environmental scanning include systematic, ad hoc, and using secondary data. PEST analysis examines the political, economic, sociocultural, and technological factors in an organization's macro environment. SWOT analysis identifies internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats.
The framework of rules and practices by which a board of directors ensures accountability, fairness, and transparency in a company's relationship with its all stakeholders (financiers, customers, management, employees, government, and the community).
The corporate governance framework consists of
(1) explicit and implicit contracts between the company and the stakeholders for distribution of responsibilities, rights, and rewards,
(2) procedures for reconciling the sometimes conflicting interests of stakeholders in accordance with their duties, privileges, and roles, and
(3) procedures for proper supervision, control, and information-flows to serve as a system of checks-and-balances.
Business ethics refers to the principles and standards that guide decisions and behaviors in a business context. An organization's culture and values shape how it determines what constitutes good and bad decision making. Some key issues in business ethics include honesty, fairness, integrity and concern for others. When ethical lines are blurred, questions around truth, fairness to stakeholders and benefit to all parties can help determine the ethical course of action.
The document discusses a PESTLE analysis framework for analyzing a company's macroenvironment. PESTLE stands for Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technological, Legal, and Environmental factors that can impact a business from outside. It provides a template to analyze opportunities and threats from each of these external factors on a company's operations and strategy.
The document compares the corporate governance models of Anglo-US, Japanese, and German systems. It discusses the key players, ownership patterns, board composition, regulatory frameworks, disclosure requirements, shareholder approval processes, and interactions among players. The Japanese model emphasizes management, main banks, affiliated companies and government. The German model separates management and supervision functions. Regulatory authority differs, with the US relying on the SEC and stock exchanges while Japan uses government agencies and Germany uses both federal and state laws.
An NRI working in Germany wanted to start a chemical unit in Basti, Uttar Pradesh. The government promised support but problems arose after construction completed. Electricity was not provided and policies changed with new ministers after elections. The industry could not start production and the NRI ultimately had to quit and declare insolvency, returning to Germany. Key issues included a lack of follow through on government policies, low support for industry development, and political and legal factors affecting long term business viability.
Tanzania has vast potential for economic growth but lacks sufficient infrastructure to realize this potential. The country's infrastructure, including transportation, power, water and sanitation, is in poor condition and constrains both domestic growth and foreign investment. While the government has made infrastructure development a top priority and progress has been made in some areas like ICT, Tanzania continues to face major challenges like underfunding of projects and inadequate maintenance. Improving infrastructure is key to supporting Tanzania's competitiveness and achieving more inclusive economic expansion.
The document outlines what a PESTLE analysis is and the factors it considers. A PESTLE analysis examines the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental external factors that may impact a business. It is used to understand the environment a business operates in and how changes in these factors could affect the business's objectives and strategy. The document lists examples of factors to consider under each element of the PESTLE analysis framework.
El documento resume las divisiones geográficas y características de África, incluyendo el clima, idiomas y religión de cada región. Luego proporciona información sobre Tanzania, su ubicación, relieve, recursos naturales como bosques y fauna, y factores humanos como demografía y economía. Finalmente, analiza aspectos del turismo en Tanzania como productos, integración social y factores que afectan la actitud de la población local hacia los visitantes.
Tanzania faces several public health challenges including malaria, pneumonia, diarrhea, and HIV/AIDS. The country has a population of over 46 million people and struggles with high rates of poverty, infant mortality, and low life expectancy. The Tanzanian government provides public healthcare through numerous clinics and hospitals but faces issues with limited resources and staffing. NGOs and international programs assist with healthcare initiatives in Tanzania focused on improving access to treatment and prevention of diseases.
The document provides an introduction to marketing and the business environment. It discusses key concepts including:
1. Definitions of marketing and examples of how identifying unmet consumer needs can lead to innovation and business success.
2. Frameworks for understanding the strategic marketing process, analyzing the internal and external environment, and identifying growth opportunities.
3. Tools for environmental scanning, strategic planning, and strategy implementation including PESTEL analysis, Ansoff's Matrix, and the 7S framework.
4. A case study is presented on the success of Swatch in the watch industry and questions are provided for analysis.
An information system is a set of components that collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making and coordination in an organization. There are three dimensions of an information system: the organizational dimension which involves an organization's hierarchy, processes, culture and groups; the management dimension involving leadership, strategy and behavior; and the technology dimension comprising hardware, software, data management and networking technologies.
introduction to trade unions
trade unions characteristics
objectives of trade unions
how trade unions are financed
how trade unions recruits its members
why employees join trade unions
functions of trade unions
trade union structure
Weakness/challenges/problems facing trade unions
Measures to strengthen trade unions
Advantages of trade unions to workers, employeer and society
criticism of trade unions by employer
Porters 5 forces - a simple explanationBrent Spilkin
Porters Five forces - a simple explanation
Porter five forces analysis is a framework to analyse level of competition within an industry and business strategy development.
It draws upon industrial organisation (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market
- Tanzania has a population of around 39 million people as of 2007, with an annual growth rate of 2.6%. Common art forms include Tingatinga paintings, which use bright colors and dot techniques.
- Traditional clothing is colorful and lightweight due to the warm climate. Mount Kilimanjaro requires special clothing. Toys are often made from natural materials like wood and corn cobs. Music and dance mark special occasions.
- The country has a diversity of animals like rhinos, bats, wild dogs and others. The currency is the Tanzanian shilling, issued in coins and banknotes instead of dollars. Clean water can be scarce, and women may walk long distances to collect it.
Tanzania has its own currency called the Tanzanian shilling. The flag of Tanzania features green, yellow, black and blue representing natural vegetation, mineral deposits, skin color of Tanzanians, and lakes/rivers/ocean. Common foods in Tanzania include rice, fruits, bread, vegetables, sea fish. Popular transportation in cities are overcrowded buses called "DALADALA". Tanzania is home to many languages and ethnic groups, with Swahili as the de facto national language. Popular tourist destinations include Serengeti National Park known for zebras, buffaloes, elephants, lions and monkeys. The population of Tanzania was last reported at 43.2 million in 2010.
This document provides an industry analysis of the Indian airline industry. It includes a timeline of major milestones in the industry, lists the major operational airlines in India, and discusses factors like demand, costs, regulations, and key players. It analyzes segments in the industry like low cost carriers versus full service carriers, and domestic versus international travel. Major airlines like Jet Airways, SpiceJet, and Kingfisher are discussed. The future outlook is also addressed.
Individual differences refer to unique characteristics that make people different from one another, such as physical traits, interests, values, and personality. No two people are exactly the same. Individual differences can be identified through biographical factors like age, gender, and tenure, as well as abilities like intellectual and physical capabilities. Age, gender, and tenure have been studied in relation to job performance, attitudes, productivity, absenteeism, and turnover. Abilities depend on traits like strength, flexibility, reasoning skills, and coordination, which vary between individuals. Understanding these differences provides insight into people's capabilities.
Tanzania has a population of over 47 million people, 45% of which are under 15 years old. The population is growing and remains relatively young. The economy relies heavily on agriculture, which employs 80% of the population, but only 4% of the land is arable. Tourism is also important, driven by the country's extensive network of national parks that protect over 25% of its land and wildlife. Infrastructure and access to electricity, especially in rural areas, remains a challenge hampering further economic growth.
PEST analysis examines the political, economic, social, and technological factors that may impact a business. It helps provide a quick understanding of external pressures and potential constraints on strategy. PEST stands for political, economic, social, and technological factors. The analysis evaluates how these macroenvironmental elements could affect a firm within a particular country or global region. Conducting a PEST analysis is useful for strategic planning and decision making.
This document summarizes a presentation on PEST analysis. PEST analysis examines the political, economic, social, and technological factors of the external environment that may impact an organization. It breaks down each factor and provides examples of relevant considerations, such as how political stability and government policies can influence business regulations and operations. PEST analysis helps evaluate the overall market and competitive landscape from the perspective of a particular business.
Porter's Five Forces is a model for industry analysis that examines five competitive forces that shape every industry. The five forces are: the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of customers, and the intensity of rivalry among existing competitors. The model helps understand the attractiveness of an industry and the sources of competitive advantage within it.
Three dimensions of information systemsSuleyman Ally
An information system is a set of interconnected components that collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making and coordination in an organization. Information systems are critical to business operations and success, ensuring improved decision making, operational excellence, competitive advantage, and organizational survival. An information system incorporates three dimensions: organizational, management, and technology. The organizational dimension involves business processes and culture. The management dimension supplies tools and information for managers. The technology dimension consists of hardware, software, storage, and networking that underpin information systems.
The document appears to be a presentation on a PESTEL/PESTLE analysis. PESTEL/PESTLE analysis is a framework used to analyze the macroenvironmental factors that may affect an organization. The presentation includes slides that analyze political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. However, most of the content is placeholder text that would normally be replaced with an actual analysis of these external factors for a specific organization or industry.
The document discusses Porter's Five Forces model for analyzing industry competition and attractiveness. It describes each of the five competitive forces - threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, threat of substitutes, and rivalry among existing competitors. It provides examples of how each force can impact an industry using Coca-Cola's industry as an example. The document also discusses competitive advantages firms can achieve through cost leadership or differentiation strategies and notes some strengths and limitations of Porter's Five Forces model.
Value chain analysis is a tool used to identify sources of competitive advantage. It examines a firm's activities and how they interact and affect costs and performance. Michael Porter developed the value chain model which divides a firm's activities into primary and support activities. Primary activities directly involve creating and delivering a product. Support activities provide inputs for primary activities. Tata Motors' value chain includes long-term supplier contracts, efficient manufacturing processes, a large dealer network, and investments in research and development. Analyzing a firm's value chain can reveal opportunities to lower costs or differentiate products compared to competitors.
The document discusses various aspects of business environment including:
1. It defines business environment as the total surroundings that have a direct or indirect influence on business operations. The business environment includes economic, social, political, legal, technological factors that are beyond a business's control.
2. The economic environment includes economic conditions, policies and the economic system of a country which greatly impact businesses.
3. The non-economic environment includes social, political, legal, technological and demographic factors that also influence business operations.
4. Understanding the business environment is important for businesses to identify opportunities and threats, direct growth, and adapt to changes in order to succeed.
A PESTEL analysis is a framework that analyzes the external macroenvironment factors that influence an organization. It assesses the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal factors (PESTEL) to identify threats and opportunities. The results are used to inform a SWOT analysis. The document provides examples of factors to consider under each category, such as government policy, economic growth rates, population trends, technological changes, environmental regulations, and legal standards. It outlines steps to perform a PESTEL analysis including brainstorming relevant factors, analyzing their impact, and discussing how to manage the most significant threats and opportunities.
The document discusses the business environment and its various components. It defines business as an organization that provides goods and services to earn profits. The business environment comprises all external factors that influence a business's operations and includes the social, legal, economic, political, technological, and international environments. Each of these environments is discussed in detail covering their key aspects and impacts on businesses. The social environment includes cultural values and traditions that shape consumer behavior and demand. Laws and regulations comprise the legal environment. Economic factors like inflation, interest rates, and policies influence business growth. Political stability and policies also impact businesses. Technological advancements present opportunities and threats with changing consumer preferences and competition.
The document discusses the business environment and its importance for business success. It defines the business environment as the combination of internal and external factors that influence a company. It notes that the environmental factors can influence all aspects of a business from its products to policies. The document then discusses why understanding the business environment is important for adapting to changes beyond a company's control. It also outlines some of the key components of the business environment like economic, political, legal, technological and socio-cultural factors. Finally, it discusses some techniques for analyzing the business environment like PESTEL, SWOT, ETOP and SAP analyses.
The document discusses the various factors that make up the business environment, including the economic, political/government, natural/technological, legal, social, and global environments. It provides details on aspects of each environment like economic policies, government bodies, technologies, laws, and social trends. Throughout, it gives examples of how changes in the environments, like economic reforms, new regulations, and technological advances have impacted businesses in India.
The document discusses the business environment and its importance. It defines the business environment as the combination of internal and external factors that influence a company. It then explains why understanding the business environment is important, as environmental factors can influence all aspects of a business. The document outlines the various components of the business environment, including economic, socio-cultural, political, legal, and technological factors. It also discusses the features and importance of analyzing the business environment, and different techniques for doing so, such as PESTEL analysis and SWOT analysis.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
A. To define what the business plan is who prepares it, who reads it, and how it
is evaluated.
B. To understand the scope and value of the business plan to investors, lenders,
employees, suppliers, and customers.
PLANNING AS PART OF THE BUSINESS OPERATION
Planning is a process that never ends. In the early stages, the entrepreneur should
prepare a preliminary plan. The plan will be finalized as the enterprise develops. Many
different types of plans may be part of any business operation-financial, marketing,
production, and sales plans. Plans may be short term or long term, or they may be strategic or
operational. All of these plans have one purpose: to provide guidance and structure to
management in a rapidly changing market environment.
What Is the Business Plan?
A business plan is a written document prepared by the entrepreneur that describes all
the relevant external and internal elements involved in starting a new venture. It addresses
both short- and long-term decision making. The business plan is like a road map for the
business’ development. The Internet also provides outlines for business planning.
Entrepreneurs can also hire or offer equity to another person to provide expertise in preparing
the business plan. In developing the business plan the entrepreneur can determine how much
money will be needed from new and existing sources.
WHO SHOULD WRITE THE PLAN
The business plan should be prepared by the entrepreneur; however, he or she may
consult many sources. Lawyers, accountants, marketing consultants, and engineers are useful
supplemental sources. Other resources are the Small Business Administration, Service Core
of Retired Executives, Small Business Development Centers, universities, friends, and
relatives. To help determine whether to hire a consultant, the entrepreneur needs to make an
objective assessment of his or her own skills.
HOW DO POTENTIAL LENDERS AND INVESTORS EVALUATE THE PLAN
Because the business plan should address the needs of all the potential evaluators,
software packages and Internet samples should be used only to assist in preparation. As the
entrepreneur becomes aware of who will read the plan, changes will be necessary. Suppliers
may want to see a business plan before signing a contract to supply products or services.
Customers may also want to review the plan before buying the product. The business plan
should consider the needs of these constituencies. Potential suppliers of capital will vary in
their needs and requirements in the business plan. Lenders are primarily interested in the
ability of the new venture to pay back the debt and focus on the four C’s of credit:
The entrepreneur’s credit history or character.
Their ability to meet debt and interest payments (cash flow.)
The collateral or tangible assets being secured.
PRESENTING THE PLAN
It is often necessary for an entrepreneur to orally present the business plan to investors.
Typically the Entrepreneur provides a short (20-30 m
DBA 7035, Business, Government and Society 1 Course L.docxShiraPrater50
DBA 7035, Business, Government and Society 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Distinguish between the market and nonmarket environment of business by explaining the four Is of
the nonmarket environment.
1.1 Articulate the need for appropriate regulatory oversight of business.
1.2 Explain the impact of government on business.
4. Summarize the three broad classes of political strategy, and compare their cost.
4.1 Identify the classes of political strategy.
4.2 Illustrate the application of political strategies and their importance to business.
5. Assess the effectiveness and propriety of grassroots lobbying strategies by political action
committees that represent business.
5.1 Summarize how corporations influence government decision-making.
5.2 Evaluate how a specific firm uses lobbying strategies.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 4: Legal, Regulatory, and Political Issues
Unit Lesson
Introduction
Of course, businesses do not operate in a vacuum. Businesses are subject to the environment within which
they operate. This environment includes the legal, regulatory, and political framework. These factors are
dynamic and subject to considerable variance. Organizations must be cognizant of these changes and adapt
as appropriate.
Legal, Regulatory, and Political Issues
In Chapter 4, we examine the influence of various stakeholders on public officials who regulate business.
Governmental policies, public sentiment, and ethical dilemmas serve as principal factors restricting market
opportunities, but they also serve as catalysts for value-creating opportunities. Of course, a key to our
discussion in this unit is that the legal, regulatory, and political framework is subject to change. In that regard,
businesses must monitor their environment and respond to change as it occurs. For example, the U.S. Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) prevents food manufacturers from taking advantage of consumers with false
and misleading advertising by allowing only FDA-approved nutrient and health claims to appear on food
labels (FDA, n.d.). Meanwhile, health-conscious consumers are demanding more food choices that support
healthy dietary practices.
Food manufacturers and retailers can capitalize on the opportunity to meet the dietary needs of consumers by
providing healthier food selections and enticing consumer purchases with informative labeling that not only
meets FDA approval, but also serves as promotional advertising. Once held responsible for obesity and other
dietary concerns, fast food businesses are expanding their menus to offer healthier choices and are becoming
more transparent about the content of the foods served. An emerging issue of interest in this area is the
regulation of sugar in drinks. For example, the City of New York has moved to regulate the sugar content of
drinks because sugary drinks are viewed as driving obesit ...
DBA 7035, Business, Government and Society 1 Course L.docxgertrudebellgrove
This document outlines the learning outcomes and content covered in Unit III of a business course. The unit examines the legal, regulatory, and political issues that influence business. It discusses key concepts like the nonmarket environment, government oversight of business, political strategies, and lobbying. Laws and regulations like Sarbanes-Oxley and Dodd-Frank are also summarized. The unit aims to help students understand how businesses must navigate the dynamic legal and political factors that impact their operations.
The document provides an overview of business environment and its importance for business success. It discusses the key components of business environment including economic, social, political, legal and technological factors. Understanding business environment helps identify opportunities and threats, guides business growth, enables continuous learning, improves image, and helps address competition. The document also covers the concepts of social responsibility of business and business ethics.
The document discusses PESTLE analysis, which is a framework used to analyze the key external macroenvironmental factors that may affect an organization. It examines political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. For each factor, examples of relevant considerations are provided, such as government policies, interest rates, cultural trends, technological innovations, employment laws, and environmental issues. PESTLE analysis is useful for identifying external influences when launching new products or services, expanding into new markets, or other strategic business decisions.
The document discusses PESTLE analysis, which is a framework used to analyze the key external macroenvironmental factors that may have a significant impact on an organization. It examines political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. For each factor, examples of relevant considerations are provided, such as government policies, interest rates, cultural trends, technological innovations, employment laws, and environmental issues. PESTLE analysis is useful for identifying opportunities and threats from changes in the external environment.
The document discusses PESTLE analysis, which is a framework used to analyze the key external macroenvironmental factors that may affect an organization. It examines political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. For each factor, examples of relevant considerations are provided, such as government policies, economic indicators, cultural trends, technological innovations, regulations, and environmental concerns. PESTLE analysis is useful for assessing opportunities and risks in new markets or for new products and services.
The document discusses PESTLE analysis, which is a framework used to analyze the key external macroenvironmental factors that may affect an organization. It examines political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. For each factor, examples of relevant considerations are provided, such as government policies, interest rates, cultural trends, technological innovations, employment laws, and environmental issues. PESTLE analysis is useful for identifying external influences when launching new products or services, expanding into new markets, or other strategic business decisions.
The document discusses various frameworks for analyzing the macroenvironment that can impact an organization, including PESTLE, PEST, STEEPLE, and DESTEP. It provides details on the factors considered in a PESTLE analysis, including political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental. For each element, it lists specific external influences that organizations have little control over but must consider, such as government policies, economic growth rates, social values, new technologies, laws and regulations, and environmental issues.
The document discusses a PESTEL analysis of the healthcare industry. It begins by defining PESTEL analysis and its components: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal factors. For each factor, it provides examples of relevant considerations for the healthcare industry, such as political stability, economic growth rates, social attitudes, new technologies, environmental sustainability practices, and legal compliance. In conclusion, it states that PESTEL analysis is a strategic tool used by organizations to understand macroeconomic factors that can impact their business currently and in the future.
The document discusses the marketing environment for services. It is comprised of the macro environment and micro environment. The macro environment includes political, economic, social, and technological factors outside an organization's control that influence its operations. The micro environment refers to internal factors like customers, suppliers, competitors, and management that an organization can control and that affect its marketing activities and success. The document also examines how specific external factors like political/legal, economic, socio-cultural, and technological conditions influence service marketing.
This document discusses various sources of information available to entrepreneurs for identifying business opportunities, including general assistance resources, industry and market databases, and competitive intelligence on companies and products. It outlines sources such as SCORE, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Plunkett Research, Frost & Sullivan, and trade associations that provide market data, trends, and statistics. Government sources, search engines, and databases like Business Source Complete and Hoovers also supply company profiles and industry information.
Financial Accounting - How to determine a credit or debit entrySuleyman Ally
Financial Accounting foundation .
BASIC rules on Credit & debiting
This is very helpful in determining where to debit and credit as per the transaction occurred
The document discusses different types of market structures: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. It provides details on the key characteristics of each type:
- Perfect competition has many buyers/sellers, homogeneous products, price taking behavior, free entry/exit
- Monopoly has a single seller, no substitutes, price making behavior and barriers to entry
- Monopolistic competition has many buyers/sellers of differentiated products, some price making ability, and free entry/exit
- Oligopoly has a few dominant sellers, differentiated or homogeneous products, interdependent behavior and some barriers to entry.
The document discusses establishing an entrepreneurial mindset in an organization. It states that an entrepreneurial mindset involves being drawn to opportunities, innovation, and new value creation. To establish this mindset, organizations need to provide freedom and encouragement for employees to develop ideas. Managers should implement policies that support innovators and allow freedom. Specific steps to develop an entrepreneurial mindset include setting innovation goals, providing feedback and rewards for innovative ideas, emphasizing individual responsibility, and not punishing failures so employees feel free to experiment.
Comparison of traditional managers, entrepreneurs and intrapreneursSuleyman Ally
An entrepreneur aims for independence and creating wealth through moderate risk-taking and direct involvement in ventures. An intrapreneur also aims for independence and corporate rewards through direct involvement in potentially risky projects, but tries to hide risk until projects have lower risk levels. A traditional manager aims for promotion through careful avoidance of risk, delegates tasks, and usually agrees with upper management. Experience shows that management graduates who later take entrepreneurial roles tend to earn higher incomes than colleagues who remain in traditional management jobs. Entrepreneurs work independently while intrapreneurs work within an organization to provide creativity.
Corporate and intraprenurial culture (corporate vs intrapreneurial culture)Suleyman Ally
Corporate culture favors conservative decision-making, gathering extensive data before decisions, and postponing risky decisions. It has a hierarchical structure with many approval levels so no individual feels responsible. Intrapreneurial culture encourages innovation, has a flat structure, and rewards new business ventures, innovativeness, and self-renewal. The key differences are that corporate culture prioritizes following instructions and avoiding mistakes, while intrapreneurial culture focuses on developing visions and rewarding action, suggestion, creation, and responsibility-taking.
Managerial versus entrepreneurial decision makingSuleyman Ally
Managerial and entrepreneurial decision making differ in several key dimensions:
1. Entrepreneurs act fast on short-term opportunities with limited resources, while managers take longer to act and commit to opportunities and resources for the long-term.
2. Entrepreneurs commit resources periodically based on objectives, while managers receive total funding up front and are rewarded for effective administration.
3. Entrepreneurs strive for periodic resource use under pressure of limited funds, while managers avoid periodic use and seek to own more resources for power and status.
Michael porter's five force model ( porter's competitive enviroment analysis)Suleyman Ally
porters five forces, advantages and its limitation. features of attractive and unattractive competitive enviroment, cirmustances that couses higher supplier and customer bargaining power,
Organization mission statement and visionSuleyman Ally
The meaning of vision and mission
characteristics of mission and vision
importance of mission and vision
role of mission and vision statement in strategy formulation
Shortcomings in vision statement
Factors affecting objective settings
Difference between vision and mission statement
Swot analysis , its importance and limitationsSuleyman Ally
A SWOT analysis identifies a firm's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It examines internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) as well as external factors (opportunities and threats) in the firm's environment. The analysis provides important information for strategic planning by building on strengths, reversing weaknesses, responding to opportunities, and addressing threats. However, a SWOT analysis also has limitations in that it does not prioritize issues or provide solutions, and can generate too many ideas without helping choose the best options.
Strikes and lockouts, weapons used by employer and employee, advantages and d...Suleyman Ally
meaning of strike and lockout.
types of strikes
Advantages and disadvantages of strikes
effects of strikes to workers, employer and the goverment
Weapons used by employees and employer
How to influence a partner during negotiation, using SPIN principle. Negotiat...Suleyman Ally
The SPIN model consists of four types of questions used in sales: Situation, Problem, Implication, and Need-payoff questions. Situation questions gather facts about the customer. Problem questions identify the customer's problems and needs. Implication questions explore the effects of the problems. Need-payoff questions develop the customer's desire for a solution. The model was developed by Neil Rackham and aims to understand customer problems in order to provide appropriate solutions that customers will want to buy.
The history of international monetary systemSuleyman Ally
The document discusses the history and evolution of international monetary systems from 1816 to present. It describes the gold standard system from 1816-1914, the Bretton Woods system from 1945-1971, and modern exchange rate regimes. The gold standard linked currencies to gold, while the Bretton Woods system established a US dollar-backed system. Countries now choose between fixed exchange rates, where a currency is pegged to another, or floating rates, where the market determines a currency's value.
Labour unrest,way to mitagate labour unrest and the effects of labour unrestSuleyman Ally
Labor unrest occurs when employees believe they are being treated unfairly by management. Common causes of labor unrest include poor health and safety conditions, excessive working hours without proper overtime pay, low wages, lack of paid leave, and discrimination. To mitigate labor unrest, management should treat employees humanely, identify and address factors that could lead to conflict, provide fair compensation, respect employees' emotions, offer challenging work, and establish proper communication channels. Labor unrest can negatively impact workers through lost wages and injuries, and negatively impact employers through lost production and profits.
Difference between management and administrationSuleyman Ally
Management involves getting work done through others by directing their efforts, and consists of individuals who accept responsibility for running an organization. Administration determines goals, objectives, plans, and policies and decides what activities will be done and when through management functions. The key difference between management and administration is that administration frames the objectives and policies of the organization, while management implements those policies and objectives under the control of administration.
This document discusses research, including the definition of research, objectives of research, and the research process. It defines research as a scientific investigation into a problem to find solutions. The objectives of research are listed as gaining familiarity with a phenomenon, accurately portraying characteristics of a situation or group, finding solutions to problems, and testing hypotheses. The research process involves defining the problem, literature review, hypothesis formulation, research design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and hypothesis testing. Data collection methods and types are also discussed.
This document discusses research ethics and the ethical issues researchers must consider. It defines research ethics as principles guiding how researchers interact with participants, colleagues, and society. Researchers must get informed consent, avoid pressure on participants, respect participant autonomy, protect vulnerable groups, ensure anonymity and confidentiality, avoid harm, be objective, not take advantage of easy groups, and be open. Following ethics promotes respecting participants, advancing knowledge, trust, accountability, and public support. Violations can damage participant cooperation, public confidence, and researcher integrity. Ethics apply to all research stages and contribute to quality.
Marketing involves anticipating customer needs and satisfying them profitably. It includes identifying target markets and creating value for customers. Marketing management orients a company around different concepts like production, marketing, selling, product, and societal marketing. The production concept focuses on efficiency and availability, while the marketing concept is customer-centered. The selling concept relies on promotion, and the product concept emphasizes quality. The societal marketing concept considers customer, social, and company welfare. Understanding different orientations helps companies meet customer needs, avoid mistakes, uncover opportunities, and implement emerging technologies for higher satisfaction.
The major duties of a financial manager include: 1) Raising funds from multiple sources to acquire financing for the firm's survival. 2) Making investment and capital budgeting decisions to optimize resource utilization for the firm's goals. 3) Planning and controlling the organization's finance-related matters by considering internal/external factors. 4) Properly managing cash to ensure adequate funds are available when needed. 5) Conducting financial forecasting by analyzing historical data to predict future financial status and prepare projected financial statements. 6) Understanding financial markets since they provide access to capital and efficient allocation of resources.
Financial management deals with planning and controlling a firm's financial resources, including procuring funds and utilizing them effectively. There are four major financial decisions:
1. Financing decisions involve acquiring long-term funds either from shareholders or loans. Managers must weigh the advantages and disadvantages of different sources.
2. Dividend decisions determine how much earnings to distribute to shareholders versus retaining for future needs. Considerations include growth requirements, cash flow, taxes, and legal restrictions.
3. Investment decisions involve selecting assets to invest in based on profitability as well as what property, plant and equipment the firm should hold.
4. Liquidity/working capital decisions ensure sufficient short-term funds for day
Here is a swot analysis of Cocacola company Done on 2014, basing on Information found on the internet,, it will be usefull for people out there, especially for students who will have this kind of assignment
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
1. PEST AND PESTEL ANALYSIS
Pest analysis is used to identify the external forces that affect the organization. It is
a way of identifying what is happening on the external environment that a business
operates, so that appropriate action can be taken.
It is essential for an organization before it begins its main activities such as
marketing.
A PEST ANALYSIS INCORPORATING LEGAL AND ENVIROMENTAL
FACTORS IS CALLED PESTLE ANALYSIS.
The acronym pestle indentifies a list of factors that affect the firm externally and
each letter on the acronym stand as follows
P: political
E: Economical
S: Social
T: technological
L: legal
E: Environmental
2. POLITICAL FACTORS
Political factors are the rules, regulations, constraints and conditions made by the
government. They relate to policies and nature of the government.
Any organization doing business in any country must agree upon the terms and
conditions enforced by the government.
Political factors include the following
I. Political stability
II. Rule of law
III. Interest groups
IV. Transfer of power
V. Pressure groups
VI. Government policies such as employment laws, trade rules, advertising
standards.
Example if the country is politically unstable, it will possessa greater risk to the
business
ECONOMICALFACTORS
These are factors that normally shape the broad economic environment within
which an organization operates.
They relate to general economic conditions of the economy within which a
business operates.
Economic environment is dynamic in nature that keeps on change with the change
in policies or political situations within a country.
They have three conditions which are
Economic conditions of the public
Economic policies of the country
Economic system
3. Economic factors include the following
I. G.D.P
II. Exchange rates
III. Interest rates
IV. Purchasing power parity
V. Taxation policy
VI. Inflation rates
VII. Growth rates
VIII. Level of disposable income
IX. Availability of economic resources within a country
X. Unemployment level( it has direct link with purchasing power parity)
XI. Trade factors and tariffs
The economic factors/environment determines the economic strengths and
weakness in the market.
For example.
Purchasing power of an individual depends upon the economic factors like current
income, price, savings, and circulation of money, debt and credit availability.
An increase in interest rates would increase the borrowing costs for consumers and
the firm
SOCIAL-CULTURAL FACTORS
Social cultural factors relate to set of customs, beliefs, behaviors and practices that
exist within a population or society that an organization operates.
They include the overall social trends, taste and demand of external environment.
Companies must examine the social cultural environment before entering the
market, ignoring customs, traditions, tastes, preferences and education can affect
the business.
4. Social cultural factors are as follows
i. Beliefs
ii. Demographic changes( change in overall customer taste , preferences and
overall social trends)
iii. Altitude of the people
iv. Income and lifestyle
v. Education level
vi. Social responsibilities ( role of business to the society such as preventing
environment pollution and corruption)
vii. Age and health
Examples
If marketers do not know the social values of women in a society and start
advertising campaign of woman undergarments, offering products foryoung
people at a place where the majority of people are above 40 years can lead to
business failure.
TECHNOLOGICALFACTORS
Technology is about application of tools, methods and techniques used in
production process.
Technology is life for the growth and competitiveness of business as it drives the
business, improves quality and reduces time to market the productor service.
Technological factors sometimes cause serious problems for a firm that unable to
copewith technological changes.
Technological factors include the following
I. Level of technology
II. Costof technology
III. Rate of technological transfer
IV. Rate of technology change
V. Research and development activities
VI. Supportand training available
5. Technology helps the business for formulation of strategy, implementation and
control of company performance; therefore it is important for a company to
consider the costof technology, alternative technology, competitor, design
structure of technology before implementing it.
LEGAL FACTORS
This refers to the set of laws and regulations which influence the business
organization. They represent legislative framework within a country, various law
affect the organization performance.
Legal factors include the following
I. Employment law
II. Law related to health and safety
III. Environmental law
IV. Company law
V. Advertising regulations
VI. International trade barriers
ENVIROMENTALFACTORS/ECOLOGYFACTORS
This relates to how people’s perception and reaction to environmental issues that
can affect a business
Environmental issues include the following
I. Waste disposal
II. Energy consumption
III. Pollution monitoring
IV. Geographic and climate