In this presentation, I am explaining about Threads, types of threads, its advantages and disadvantages, difference between Process and Threads, multithreading and its type.
"Like the ppt if you liked the ppt"
LinkedIn - https://in.linkedin.com/in/prakharmaurya
A brief introduction to Process synchronization in Operating Systems with classical examples and solutions using semaphores. A good starting tutorial for beginners.
This is the twelfth set of slightly updated slides from a Perl programming course that I held some years ago.
I want to share it with everyone looking for intransitive Perl-knowledge.
A table of content for all presentations can be found at i-can.eu.
The source code for the examples and the presentations in ODP format are on https://github.com/kberov/PerlProgrammingCourse
A brief introduction to Process synchronization in Operating Systems with classical examples and solutions using semaphores. A good starting tutorial for beginners.
This is the twelfth set of slightly updated slides from a Perl programming course that I held some years ago.
I want to share it with everyone looking for intransitive Perl-knowledge.
A table of content for all presentations can be found at i-can.eu.
The source code for the examples and the presentations in ODP format are on https://github.com/kberov/PerlProgrammingCourse
Deadlocks-An Unconditional Waiting Situation in Operating System. We must make sure of This concept well before understanding deep in to Operating System. This PPT will understands you to get how the deadlocks Occur and how can we Detect, avoid and Prevent the deadlocks in Operating Systems.
In the given presentation, process overview,process management scheduling typesand some more basic concepts were explained.
Kindly refere the presentation.
Gives an overview about Process, PCB, Process States, Process Operations, Scheduling, Schedulers, Interprocess communication, shared memory and message passing systems
Operating System - Types Of Operating System Unit-1abhinav baba
In This Slide There is Operating System And it's types ( Types of operating system)
Batch Operating System
Network Operating System
Time Sharing Operating System
Real Time Operating System
Distributed Operating System
Deadlocks-An Unconditional Waiting Situation in Operating System. We must make sure of This concept well before understanding deep in to Operating System. This PPT will understands you to get how the deadlocks Occur and how can we Detect, avoid and Prevent the deadlocks in Operating Systems.
In the given presentation, process overview,process management scheduling typesand some more basic concepts were explained.
Kindly refere the presentation.
Gives an overview about Process, PCB, Process States, Process Operations, Scheduling, Schedulers, Interprocess communication, shared memory and message passing systems
Operating System - Types Of Operating System Unit-1abhinav baba
In This Slide There is Operating System And it's types ( Types of operating system)
Batch Operating System
Network Operating System
Time Sharing Operating System
Real Time Operating System
Distributed Operating System
For Complete Learning: http://www.thelearnet.com/
Overview
Multithreading Models
Threading Issues
Pthreads
Solaris 2 Threads
Windows 2000 Threads
Linux Threads
Java Threads
Maximum CPU utilization obtained with multiprogramming
CPU–I/O Burst Cycle – Process execution consists of a cycle of CPU execution and I/O wait
CPU burst followed by I/O burst
CPU burst distribution is of main concern
Hello....
Dear views
Scheduling is most important Role in OS..... in this ppt i described very Creatively about Process Scheduling...... I hope you like it..... and easily understand it...... :-) :-)
A thread is the smallest unit of processing that can be performed in an OS.
A thread is a flow of execution through the process code, with its own program counter that keeps track of which instruction to execute next, system registers which hold its current working variables, and a stack which contains the execution history.
Each thread belongs to exactly one process and no thread can exist outside a process.
Threads are also known as Lightweight processes.
For example, in a browser, many tabs can be viewed as threads. MS Word uses many threads - formatting text from one thread, processing input from another thread, etc.
A thread is a portion of code that may be executed independently of the main program.
For example, a program may have an open thread waiting for a specific event to occur or running a separate job, allowing the main program to perform other tasks.
A program is capable of having multiple threads open at once and will either terminate or suspend them after a task is completed, or the program is closed.
The objectives of Multithreaded Programming in Operating Systems are:
- To introduce the notion of a thread—a fundamental unit of CPU utilization that forms the basis of multithreaded computer systems.
- To discuss the APIs for the Pthreads, Windows, and Java thread libraries
- To explore several strategies that provide implicit threading.
- To examine issues related to multithreaded programming.
- To cover operating system support for threads in Windows and Linux.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. What is Thread ?
A thread is a flow of execution through the
process code, with its own program counter,
system registers and stack. A thread is also
called a light weight process. Threads provide a
way to improve application performance
through parallelism.
Each thread belongs to exactly one process
and no thread can exist outside a process.
@PRAKHAR
4. Difference between Process and Threads :
S.N. Process Threads
1. Process is heavy weight or
resource intensive.
Thread is light weight taking lesser
resources than a process.
2. Process switching needs
interaction with operating system.
Thread switching does not need to
interact with operating system.
3. In multiple processing
environments each process
executes the same code but has its
own memory and file resources.
All threads can share same set of
open files, child processes.
4. If one process is blocked then no
other process can execute until the
first process is unblocked.
While one thread is blocked and
waiting, second thread in the same
task can run.
5. Multiple processes without using
threads use more resources.
Multiple threaded processes use
fewer resources.
6. In multiple processes each process
operates independently of the
others.
One thread can read, write or
change another thread's data.
@PRAKHAR
5. Advantages of Threads :
• Thread minimizes context switching time.
• Use of threads provides concurrency within a process.
• Efficient communication.
• Economy- It is more economical to create and context switch
threads.
• Utilization of multiprocessor architectures to a greater scale and
efficiency.
@PRAKHAR
6. Disadvantages of Threads :
• Blocking of parent threads will stop all child thread.
• Security.
@PRAKHAR
7. Types of Threads :
Threads are implemented in following two
ways :
• User Level Threads (ULT)
• Kernel Level Threads (KLT)
@PRAKHAR
8. User Level Threads (ULT) :
User level thread implement in user level
libraries, so thread switching does not need
to call operating system and to cause
interrupt to the kernel.
In fact, the kernel knows nothing about
user level threads and manages them as if
they were single-threaded process.
@PRAKHAR
9. Advantages of ULT :
• User level threads does not require modification to operating
system.
• Easy to represent and manage.
• User level thread can run on any operating system.
• User level threads are fast and efficient.
Disadvantages of ULT :
• There is a lack of coordination between threads and operating
system kernel.
• ULT require non-blocking system call (i.e. Multithreaded kernel)
@PRAKHAR
10. Kernel Level Threads (KLT) :
In this method, the kernel knows about
and manages the threads. No runtime
system is needed in this case. Operating
system kernel provides system call to
create and manage threads.
@PRAKHAR
11. Advantages of KLT :
• Kernel can simultaneously schedule multiple threads from the
same process on multiple processes.
• If one thread in a process is blocked the kernel can schedule
another thread of the same process.
• Kernel routines themselves can multithreaded.
Disadvantages of KLT :
• Kernel thread are generally slower to create and manage than the
user threads.
• Kernel requires Thread Control Block (TCB) for each thread in the
pool, hence complexity increases.
@PRAKHAR
12. Difference between ULT and KLT :
S.N. User Level Thread Kernel Level Thread
1. User level thread are faster to
create and manage.
Kernel level thread are slower to
create and manage.
2. Implementation is by a thread
library at the user level.
Operating system supports
creation of kernel level threads.
3. ULT is generic and can run on any
operating system.
KLT is specific to the operating
system.
4. Multi-Threaded can not take
advantages of multiprocessing.
Kernel routines themselves can be
multithreaded.
@PRAKHAR
13. Multi-Threading Models :
Some operating system provides a combined user
level thread and kernel level thread facility. Solaris
is a good example of this combined approch.
Multi-Threading models are three types.
• Many-to-One Model
• One-to-One Model
• Many-to-Many Model
@PRAKHAR
14. Many-to-One Model :
Implementation of the many-to-one
model (many user level thread to
one kernel level thread) allow the
application to create any number of
threads that can execute
concurrently. In this implementation,
all threads activity is restricted to
user space.
Additionally only one thread can
access the kernel at a time, so only
one schedulable entity is known to
the os.
@PRAKHAR
15. One-to-One Model :
The one-to-one model (one user
level thread to one kernel level
thread) is among the earliest
implementations of true
multithreading. In this
implementation, each ULT created
by the application is known to the
kernel,and all threads ca access the
kernel at the same time.
@PRAKHAR
16. Many-to-Many Model :
The many-to-many model (many
user level thread to many kernel
level thread) avoids many of the
limitations of the one-to-one model,
while extending multithreading
capabilities even further. The many-
to-many model also called two-level
model, minimize programing effort
while reducing the cost and weight
of each thread.
@PRAKHAR