if you want a discription about Process in operating system and Computer Architecture then this presntation will help you.

1. Process
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2. What is a Process?
• A process is a program during execution.
• A process is the basic unit of execution in an operating system.
• Different processes may run different instances of the same
program.
• At a minimum, process execution requires following resources:
• Memory to contain the program code and data.
• A set of CPU registers to support execution.

3. Process Creation
• The OS builds a data structure to manage the process.
• Traditionally, the OS created all processes
• But it can be useful to let a running process create another.
• This action is called process spawning
• Parent Process is the original, creating process.
• Child Process is the new process.

4. Process Termination
• There must be some way that a process can indicate
completion.
• This indication may be:
• A HALT instruction generating an interrupt alert to the
OS.
• A user action (e.g. log off, quitting an application)
• A fault or error
• Parent process terminating

5. Process Life Cycle
• Processes are always either executing, waiting to execute or
blocked waiting for an event to occur.
• As a process executes, it changes state:
•
•
•
•
•
new: The process is being created.
running: Instructions are being executed.
waiting: The process is waiting for some event to occur.
ready: The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor
terminated: The process has finished execution.

6. Five State Process Model

7. Two Queues Diagram

8. Multiple Blocked Queues

9. Suspended Processes
• Processor is faster than I/O so all processes
could be waiting for I/O device.
• Swap these processes to disk to free up more memory
and use processor on more processes..
• Blocked state becomes suspend state when
swapped to disk.
• Two new states
• Blocked/Suspend
• Ready/Suspend

10. One Suspend State

11. Two Suspend States

12. Reasons
• Swapping:
• The OS need to make space for execute the process that in
ready state.
• OS Reason:
• Operating system suspects the process faulty or causing a
problem.

13. Questions ?