Innovative technology produces low-cost phytase enzyme

Volume 4 | Issue 1
November-2017
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EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Marketing & Designing
Ashwani Verma
Circulation & Subscription Head
Rahul Bhardwaj
Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale
Former Chairman, CLFMA of India
Mr. Amit Sachdev
Indian Representative, US Grain Council
Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand
US Soybean Export Council
Dr. Suhas Amrutkar
Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition,
MAFSU, Parbhani
Dr. SN Mohanty
Former Principal Scientist, CIFA
Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta
Agricultural Economist
Dr. Swamy Haladi
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Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting
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Managing Editor
Dr. T.K. Walli
Former Head,
Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
EDITORIAL
eed constitutes 60-70 % of the total cost of
dairy production. Our country is reeling
Funder feed and fodder shortage. The deficiency is to a tune of 10,
37 and 35 % for dry fodder, concentrate and green fodder respectively.
Since the feed resources are limited and demand is much more, this
situation is pushing up the feed cost and the overall expenditure for dairy
production. Nutrition has a distinct effect on productive performance,
reproductive health and the general health of the animal. Dairy owners
suffer significant losses due to reproductive and metabolic problems
faced by their animals. There may be several reasons for pre and post
parturient disorders and low milk production in dairy animals. Of these
inadequate nutrition is the biggest factor responsible for low milk yield
and various reproductive problems. Less attention has been paid to the
interaction between nutrition and the reproduction in dairy animals.
Nutritional imbalances are caused by inadequacy in feed intake and
especially intake of specific nutrients mineral/ trace mineral/ vitamins as
per animal's body requirements. Metabolic disorders and reduced
fertility may be caused by the multiple nutrient deficiencies during
transition, as the cow has to prepare itself for parturition and lacto
genesis.
Nutritional demands increase greatly in late gestation and even more in
early lactation. The energy requirement for maintenance and pregnancy
for cows may increase by 23%, during the last month of pregnancy. Cows
under field conditions are more likely to suffer from reproductive
problems like prolapsed of uterus, retention of placenta, pre and post
partum haemoglobinuria, where the ration is not balanced, especially
with respect to micronutrients viz. minerals, trace minerals and vitamins.
A study conducted under field conditions in Malwa and Indore districts of
Madhya Pradesh recently (Tiwari et al, 2014 and Sharma et al, 2017) have
demonstrated that strategic supplementation with minerals, trace
minerals and vitamins not only improved the reproductive performance
of the anoestrous crossbred cows, heifers and adult lactating crossbred
cows, but also improved the growth performance of heifers. Results
further revealed that there was a significant improvement in body
condition score of crossbred cows during prepartum phase, with
improvement in milk yield in the post partum phase.
Extension specialists working in the area of animal production must
educate dairy animal keepers about the strategic nutrient
supplementation to their animals as mineral/ trace mineral mixture and
Vitamin A and D, to improve the reproductive performance of their
animals. They should preferably go for area specific mineral mixtures,
prepared at various Animal Science Universities or Animal Research
Institutes in the country.
TK Walli
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 4 | Issue 1 | Nov 2017
Strategic Nutrient
Supplementation for
Better Productive/
Reproductive Efficiency

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Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology
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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
06
ARTICLE
EVENT CALENDAR - 30
INDUSTRY THOUGHT
EVENT COVERAGE
INTERVIEW
Innovative technology to
produce enzyme for animal feed
PELLETING TIPS
The importance of
pre-extrusion in feed Industry
08
12
Art of branding in
Poultry industry
Replacing antibiotics in
livestock production
14
16
Livestock and feed industry professionals
explored Sustainable Farming at
BIOMIN Asia Nutrition Forum
26
UPCOMING EVENTS
22-24 November
2017
08-10 February
2018

R&D Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 4 | Issue 1 | Nov 2017
06
An Indian research scholar, who
developed technology to produce
Phytase enzyme with a low cost, was
awarded a Rs 50 lakh grant by the
Centre. The enzyme named Phytase is
imported from China at a high cost
now and is used widely as an additive
in poultry, cattle and fisheries feed to
enhance the nutritional value.
Sidharth Arora, a PhD research scholar
of Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee was awareded a grant-in-aid of
upto Rs 50 Lakh for a period of 18
months for his project on the
production of a thermo-tolerant and
acid stable Phytase in a novel solid-
state fermentation (SSF) bioreactor.
Foundation for Innovation and
Technology Transfer (FITT) in IIT Delhi is
collaborating with him for providing
mentoring support and project
monitoring.
Speaking about his grant, Sidharth
Arora said a revenue model/ scale-up
plan for the next five years has also
been prepared. “We hope to bring in a
new cost-effective method of
producing Phytase, which is a need for
the animal feed industry today.”
Currently, thermostable Phytase is imported mostly
from China and is expensive when it reaches the Indian
market.
Sidharth Arora, worked on a novel bioreactor
technology for Phytase production in a cost-effective
manner. He used a method called solid-state
fermentation which included agro-waste as a substrate
for the fermentation.
Through this process, the Phytase produced was acid-
stable and thermo-tolerant. The bioreactor technology
also has immense scope for solid waste management
and pollution control.
A patent has also been filed for the design and mode of
operation of the SSF bioreactor.
Inspired by his research output and funding support,
Arora has formed a company called 'Fermentech Labs',
which is presently being incubated at TIDES Business
Incubator, IIT Roorkee.
“Another advantage of this technology (SSF) is that it
will help in mitigating air and soil pollution due to
burning of agro-waste, especially in regions like Punjab
and Haryana. We will collect the agro-waste and use it
as a substrate for the production of industrial enzymes
like Phytase. This will provide a mode of disposal of
agro-waste and a source of revenue to farmers and they
will not burn down the crop stubs, which otherwise
degrades air quality and soil fertility” Arora said
Source: birac
Innovative technology to
produce enzyme for animal feed
ImageSource:provimius

PELLETING TIPS
08
Extrusion is the heart-beat of an aquatic
feed processing plant. Still it largely
depends on a well designed pre-
extrusion and post-extrusion process to
ensure the desired nutritional and
physical outcome of the extruded final
product. Knowledge and understanding
of the raw materials, both dry and wet
(or fresh) to be used in formulations, are
of utmost importance in designing and
specifying a process that will optimize
extrusion performance. Pre-extrusion
process design plays a key role in
producing extruded aquatic feeds, which
are safe and environmentally friendly.
Some critical pre-extrusion processing
steps
It is difficult to accentuate only a few of
the processing steps that make up a
complete pre-extrusion process. Following are some pre-
extrusion processes which are critical for getting the
desired results:
Dry ingredient intake, cleaning and storage: The range
of ingredients which are generally used for the
manufacture modern-day aquatic feeds, are becoming
increasingly more expensive. One should therefore take
care as to how to acquire, accept, handle and store these
ingredients on site. The following design criteria should
be taken into consideration:
1. Intake sampling and quality control
2. Flexibility in intake & storage design allows for
utilizing a wide range of raw ingredients
3. Good aspiration and dust removal from the intake
pits
4. Cleaning of the raw ingredients and removing
foreign plants and other materials including metals,
sand and stones
The importance of
pre-extrusion in feed Industry
Paul Eijmberts, Ottevanger

09
5. Safe storage of raw ingredients in
bulk storage silos, flat storage and
dosing silos
Dry ingredient batching
Accurately combining ingredients
together to create a proper formulation
in order to achieve species health, species performance
and production costs. All ingredients whether dry, liquid
or fresh go through an accurate batching process
ensuring that the final extruded product meets the
species nutritional and lifecycle requirements. Process
control and communicating formulation details between
least cost formulation software and the field devices
controlling the process play a key role in a successful feed
mill design.
Size reduction
Size reduction is the first processing step where the
physical and potentially nutritional characteristics of
ingredients are changed. Physical ingredient size is
reduced to an average particle size. Heat damage to the
nutritional value of amino acids and some micro
ingredients may take place when the size reduction
system is not well designed or specified.
The traditional size reduction rule during extrusion is to
have no particle larger than one third of the die openings
in the extruder die plate. This is easily achievable using a
single grinding step when producing larger extruded
pellet sizes. It becomes a challenge when producing
smaller pellets for shrimp and micro feed for hatcheries
and ornamental fish.
Traditional hammer mill designs were in most cases
inadequate for fine grinding in a single step. It was and
still is common to use a course grinding hammer mill
followed by a fine grinding hammer mill to achieve the
required fine grinding specifications. For ultra-fine
grinding, to achieve an average particle size below 300
micron, a course grinding hammer mill is used in
conjunction with a pulverizer. This is a common setup for
producing shrimp feed and micro feed for hatcheries or
ornamental fish.
A range of high efficiency hammer mills are now available
in the market, capable of producing narrow particle size
distribution curves with average particle size down to the
Intake section
Cleaning section
Dosing & batching
section
Grinding section Micro dosing
section
Extrusion section
Mixing section

10
300-350 micron mark. The design of
these hammer mills allow for shorter
grinding chamber retention times and
therefore lower grinding temperatures.
Coupled with a variable frequency drive
and special features in terms of breaker
plate design and sieve types, these
hammer mills can mill a large range of
cereals and other aquatic feed
ingredients at lower cost compared to
traditional systems. Figure 2 shows
typical application range for size
reduction technology in relation to
average ingredient size and feed type
requirements.
In addition an attempt in design should
be made to mill only the ingredients in
the formulation that requires size
reduction. Funneling unnecessary
ingredients through the size reduction
system increases operational costs
through wear and could also increase
capital cost through a higher capacity
requirement.
More critical pre-extrusion processes
Other pre-extrusion processing steps of
critical importance are:
1. Mixing: a range of single shaft
ribbon mixers, single and twin shaft
paddle mixers are on the market.
The ultimate goal is to deliver a
homogeneous mix to the extruder
surge bin, representing the specific
formulation to be extruded. A well-
designed mixing environment
makes provision for additional liquids and dry
ingredients as well.
2. Vitamins & minerals addition: it is common for large
feed mills to have dedicated micro ingredient dosing
sections. Such capability provides more control and
could limit costs when compared to pre-packed
vitamins and minerals.
3. Fresh ingredient intake & preparation: the demand
to include fresh meat, fish and other wet by-products
into the formulations of aquatic species is increasing.
Great care should be taken to ensure ingredient
streams do not cause cross-contamination hazards.
Keeping dry, fresh and final product separated. Fresh
products could be pre-processed into slurries,
hydrolysates, concentrates and other forms prior to
inclusion into the feedstock stream.
Critical process design aspects
A range of operations make up the pre-extrusion process.
The discussion in this article covered some aspects of the
more important operations. Ultimately the process has to
be engineered into a three dimensional space that will
meet operational requirements and other feed milling
aspects that are frequently overlooked:
1. Feed plant zoning in line with functional and feed-
safety requirements Ultimately the pre-extrusion
process should supply meal to the extruder that will
allow the extrusion operation to be consistent,
constant and easily controllable. This indeed, is a cost
efficient and reliable way.
2. Layout design and transitional equipment sections
that will minimize cross contamination and
segregation of mixed formulations
3. A safe environment for workers
4. Dust and odor control
5. Sound insulation
PELLETING TIPS

Dairy firm Hatsun Agro Production
recently announced the expansion of its
cattle feed production capacity of a unit
located near Palani, Tamil Nadu with an
investment of Rs 60 crore.
The production capacity has been
increased to 1,000 tonnes per day from
650 tonnes per day. The new
production line has been made
operationalised, the company said in a
statement.
"This expansion facilitates our intention
for continuous and consistent support
to our farmers who seek good quality
feed for their cattle," Hatsun Agro
Chairman and Managing Director R G
Chandramogan said.
The cattle feed has the best of
ingredients and nutrients that improves
the cattle's health and milk yield, he
said.
The company's cattle feed unit had
come into operation last year but the
expansion was taken within a short span because of
growing demand for its brand 'Santosa'. About Rs 60
crore was invested for the expansion project.
The capacity enhancement will help to cater to the
growing requirements of farmers across the states of
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and
Maharashtra.
Source: Moneycontrol
Hatsun Agro invests Rs 60 cr to
expand cattle feed production
INDUSTRY NEWS
11

12
Well, the Indian poultry industry is growing at a
CAGR of @ 6 percent, while the oil meal production
in India is either constant or declining. What have
you to say about this?
Yes, poultry has emerged as one of the fastest growing
segments of the agriculture sector. Broiler production has
shown a growth at a CAGR of @ 8 percent which is
fastest in the world, where as the world average growth
is 2%.
Oil meal production in India is almost constant for during
last decade. The demand for oil meals is increasing by
about 8% for use in poultry as well as cattle feeds. India
is currently self-sufficient in oil meal production with the
exception of sunflower cake (imported about 5 lakh tons
from Ukraine and Russia). Low oil seed production and
increased demand for oil meal will result in net importer
of protein meal. Added to this global oil meal
production is on a rising trend and there is a declining
price of oil meals which favours the import of oil meals.
Still, this could be an area of concern for the Indian oil
industry, farmers and crushers since it is exposed to
global price challenges.
Prof. G Devegowda

13
challenge?
Since long Soybean is being used as sole protein
source in the Poultry industry. Now, world poultry
industry is looking for alternatives, like insect
protein. What do you feel about its future in India or
could there be any other alternative, which holds
promise for future?
And lastly, please give your valued suggestions with
regard to taking Indian Poultry industry on the
Global map.
The price fluctuation of raw materials has a major
impact on the feed prices. Feed industry is heavily
dependent on maize and soybean which are the two
major ingredients for poultry feed. Fortunately, Soybean
meal prices have declined by about 25% in last two
years where as the maize price is almost constant, lately
showing downward trend due to good monsoons and
better harvest this year.
With globalization and free trade, the prices of raw
materials are set globally. Government should allow free
import and export of soy meal and maize. Contract
farming of maize and soy is another solution for raw
material security and savings in brokerage.
As of now I can think of only silkworm pupa which is a
good source of protein and fat. It is a rich source of
amino acids and fatty acids. It is produced mainly in
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and West
Bengal. Handling, processing and drying is a major
drawback in using it. Usage of Insect protein still has to
be studied in terms of consistent performance, steady
supply, acceptability etc.
The poultry industry in India has transformed into
vibrant agribusiness with an annual turnover more than
Rs 1,00,000 crore. Today, India is the fourth largest
broiler producer in the world producing 4.0 million
tonnes of broiler meat annually and third largest
producer of eggs accounting for 81 billion eggs every
year. The production performances of broilers as well as
layers are at par with international standards.
The area which requires more attention is Food
processing, infrastructure development and safety of
the products. India is still a wet market where
consumers prefer live chicken than fresh, clean, chilled
and packed chicken. In most of the countries the market
is fully processed. There is lack of awareness among the
consumers, with regard to hygiene and other aspects.
And there is urgent need to create this awareness
among consumers. Apart from customer awareness,
there is need for policy and regulatory measures to shift
from wet market to process driven market. Monitoring
of residues with regard to antibiotics, chemicals,
microbiological and traceability is important in poultry
products which are meant for both export and domestic
consumption.
Technology has been playing a major
role in the development of Poultry
industry elsewhere as well as in
India. Could you please elaborate a
little bit about emerging
technologies for Indian feed
industry?
The unpredictable price rise of feed
raw material is of major concern for
the growth of Indian Poultry/ feed
industry. What could you suggest so
that the industry should tackle this
The feed industry is critical for
sustainable food security of our
country. Keeping this in mind, the
Indian feed industry has adopted new
technologies such as: Pelleting of feed
to global standard, pre-cleaning of
grains before storing in silos, raw
material driers, auto batching system
etc. One key aspect which needs
improvement is focus on feed safety.
Consumers are becoming more
selective in purchasing meat, milk and
eggs and they want to know exactly
what medicines, supplements and raw
materials go into the animals they
consume. Consumers see the feed mill
as an integral part in the food chain
and influencing human diet.

INDUSTRY THOUGHT Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 4 | Issue 1 | Nov 2017
14
Poultry is one of the fastest growing
segments of the agricultural sector in
India today. Over the last few decades,
Poultry Farming has transformed into
Poultry Industry. Like any other
business, this business produce also
needs marketing efforts to take the
products to the right buyer in a right
manner which suits to the changing
lifestyle. Branding is a tool for
improving marketability of Poultry
produce. Many commodities like wheat
flour, edible oil and milk are now
transformed into the brands. The milk is
a classical example of commodity which
came over the challenge of
perishability, sourcing, storage, supply
chain and has produced various brands
of dairy products. The branding made
the milk business profitable.
Chicken is now entering the refrigerator
of consumers. Though the pace of entry
is slower. Consumers have some
perceptions about the brands when
they think of consuming chicken or
eggs. But the options are very few
mostly limited by location. That's where
the opportunity for the poultry sector exists.
Branding for Poultry industry
Branding is a moving target and evolves with the
behaviour of consumers. There is no immediate need of
the mass market for packed or branded chicken or eggs.
Branded shops will succeed, rather than branding the
product. The branded shops can sell unpacked products
which will be replaced gradually by customized
products, then packaged and branded products. An
arrival of branded shops was predicted in the year 2013
by Mr. B. Soundararajan, Suguna Holdings, though his
interview published by The Hindu. Consumers in some
cities are now witnessing few branded chicken shops
and even the supermarkets have started to allocate a
corner for the meat & fish.
This is the beginning of evolution which demands
enrolment of loyal consumers to the chicken and eggs
produced in the farms. Consumers are interested to
listen the story behind the brand. They get connected if
they like the culture of brand along with the quality of
product. Many brands are going to enter in chicken and
egg consumer business. The one who connects well
with the consumer, will evolve as a brand in future.
Expansion of the good brands becomes easier due to
the interest of consumers and investors.
Enrolling the chicken consumers to your fan club
Art of branding in
Poultry industry
Vinayak Surve and Vrajesh Jha, Natural Remedies

15
The process of branding can start with
small scale and grow to the global level.
Many brands had humble beginning
and grew big. Successful brand is the
one for which the processor knows the
art of telling and making the consumers
to experience their story. Below are six
effective behaviours to consider while
making a brand story:
Share the story about chicken
Tell your consumers the story about
your chicken. Consumers are curious to
know where the chicken has grown up
and how is it reaching to them. Give
them interesting stories linked to your
origin and values to spread around. The
local media waits for the stories at no
cost. Find them and feed with the
interesting story about your chicken.
Harvard Business Review states, 64% of
consumers refer to shared values as the
primary reason they have a relationship
with a brand.
Consumers want a reason to buy
your brand
We see many brands around holding a
special place in our mind. They become
special by communicating their place of
origin, size, added value, taste, colours
etc. Such brands have differentiated
themselves and having a long-term
place in the consumers' mind.
Consumers know the reason for
existence of their favourite brand. Find
any unique ingredient in your chicken
or services to make your brand dearest.
The uniqueness of your brand would
bring more customers.
Appreciate your consumer
The consumer deserves an appreciation
for choosing you. Happy consumer
gives you a complement and unhappy
consumer gives a reason to improve.
Both will visit again because you have
appreciated them. Create a feedback
mechanism and display some
testimonies to encourage more buyers
to give you a feedback. Always
remember, the consumers observe the
chopping board keenly than a
chopping boy at your chicken shop. The
Cube, world's most advanced and
future-proof delivery platform says,
52% of consumers expect brands to
know when the right moments are to communicate.
Find out those right moments of interaction.
Appeal to emotions
The consumers buy the commodities on the price. But
the brands are built upon emotions. Status, reassurance,
convenience, pleasure, memories, pride and there are
many other emotions which can be linked with the
brands around us. Harvard Business Review (HBR) has
published 300 emotional motivators to buy the
products. It is very important to discover the emotion
linked to your chicken brand . The emotional bond helps
the consumer to remember and revisit your brand. Top
most emotion ranked by the HBR is 'Standing out from
the crowd'. Yes, consumers buy the brands to 'stand out
from the crowd', that means they are ready to pay more
to keep this emotion alive.
Distinctive touch in the brands own style
Digital world opens the great realm of possibilities to
recognize your consumer as soon as he re-enters your
shop. They love it when you already know their
preferences and call them by their name. They also like
if you remind them for the purchase by knowing their
pattern of buying. Keep inviting them with personal
offers and communication. Define your own style of
communication and get the approval of your consumer
if required. 48% of consumers expect brands to know
them and help them discover new products or services
that fit their needs, says The Cube.
Be an active member of the community
According to Pam Moore who is social media expert, on
an average, 5 to 7 brand impressions are necessary
before someone will remember your brand. Please
respond to the customers invitations and be present
there as a brand. Look for such opportunities and keep
some options available to make your brands presence
to various occasions. Also, invite your consumers to
some occasions. Make your calendar and plan the
activities with personal invitations to your consumers.
The co-branding is clever way of expanding the
community of loyal consumers. Suggest some good
restaurants in the city who serve the delicious recipes
made with your chicken.
The translation of complex poultry farming to simple
language can create many interesting stories for the
consumers. Thanks to the big Indian forums like CLFMA
and Knowledge Day for showcasing the budding brands
of chicken and fish. The story about the new brand of
Chicken now available in Indian market is very inspiring
for the poultry community.
The principles of branding are powerful and equally
relevant to poultry industry as they are relevant to any
other consumers business. Following these principles
can make the consumer your brand advocate, a step
ahead to brand loyalty.

ARTICLE
16
Replacing antibiotics in
livestock production
Animal Husbandry sector is one of
the fastest growing agricultural
sectors contributing about 40 percent
of the global value of agricultural
production. Livestock provides a
major source of disposable income
for disadvantaged and marginal
populations in developing. Intensive
production systems are playing an
increasingly important role in the
livestock sector worldwide, but this
increases the need to ensure that
animal welfare issues are
appropriately considered. There are
two major public health issues; first
sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics as
growth promoters in animal feed,
which has evoked widespread
concern due to the potential to
develop antibiotic resistance in
pathogens and second, food borne
zoonotic diseases like salmonellosis,
campylobacteriosis etc.
To phase out the sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics,
modern livestock production systems are looking for
good alternatives to antibiotics. In systems where
antimicrobial and anticoccidial agents are banned by
law or excluded by preference from animal feeds, it
is necessary to change the traditional way of
formulating feeds with antimicrobial agents like
antibiotics. Antibiotic- and anticoccidials-free
nutrition programs must ensure minimal undigested
material, especially protein. In short, antibiotic-free
animal nutrition programs must use additives that
control pathogens and specialty ingredients that
minimize the chances of pathogen growth.
Antimicrobial resistance
Antibiotics are used for treating disease, preventing
or controlling infection, or promoting animal
productivity and growth. When used for growth
promotion, antibiotics are administered to healthy
animals to make them grow faster or utilize their
feed more efficiently. However, rampant use of
antibiotics at sub-therapeutic levels leads to
antimicrobial resistance of potential pathogens
which is a global threat. Antimicrobial resistance
ImageSource:townnews
Dr. Dinesh Bhosale, AB VISTA

17
refers to micro-organisms bacteria,
fungi, viruses, and parasites that have
acquired resistance to antimicrobial
substances like antibiotics and
coccidiostats.
Adoptive measures for antibiotic-
free farming
Basic husbandry practices are key to
successful antibiotic-free poultry
production system, some of the
corrective measures for antibiotic-
free farming includes:
Farm condition for receiving
chicks: First and most important
thing is litter quality; it should be
treated with disinfectant, should be
dry and less dusty. Litter quality plays
an important role in coccidiosis
control. Consider closing up the
housing to induce heating and
removal of poultry litter. Resting
period of at least 15 days before the
arrival of next lot is necessary.
Healthy birds: Pay close attention to
the birds in the flocks. Look, listen,
smell and touch to evaluate a flock's
condition. Reducing stocking density
can be beneficial to avoid
overcrowding and optimum
ventilation to each bird. Basic
husbandry is crucial.
Reduce stress on chicks: Avoid
dehydration, chilling and exposure to
pathogens that can occur at the
hatchery or during chick transport.
Reduce the handling stress on chicks;
minimize stress involved with chick
holding and transport, placement.
Proper sanitation is also critical.
Breeder management and
sanitation of fertile eggs are
essential: Each breeder hen should
be vaccinated so that the chicks have
the required immunity. Hatching eggs
should be sanitized, and clean,
uncontaminated eggs should be sent
to the hatchery. Proper precautions
should be taken to avoid exposure of
fertile eggs to microbial
contaminations.
Feed processing and formulation:
All the possible contaminants like
poor quality raw material, fungal
infestation due to storage for a
longer period etc should be avoided at a feed mill. It
is imperative that feed inventory and feed delivery
are closely managed. The larger particle size of feed
and good pellet quality would benefit gut health and
flock performance. Use of alternate feed additives
like enzymes, prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids etc
instead of antibiotics is a good option.
Preventive measures: Vaccination of breeder hens is
essential for overall health of the flock. Coccidiosis
control and gut health are of paramount importance.
Flocks that need antibiotic treatment should be
treated on time and isolated from rest of the flock.
Following are some of the alternatives to antibiotics:
Probiotics
Probiotics are becoming increasingly popular as one
of the alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters
(AGP). The most important objectives for using
probiotics in animal feed are to maintain the GIT
microbial balance, improve performance
(productivity and growth) of animals, and prevent
enteric pathogens. Administration of probiotic
strains separately and in combination significantly
improves the feed intake, feed conversion efficiency,
daily weight gain and total body weight in chicken,
pig, sheep, goat, and cattle.
Organic acids
Organic acids are widely accepted as a healthy
alternative to reduce the pathogenic load of feed.
Free, coated, straight or salts, these compounds have
been shown to possess the strongest antibacterial
activity. It includes a wide range of products that act
at different parts of the gut depending on its pKa
chemical trait and local pH at a gut level.
Phytobiotics and Phytogenics:
Some research proves that a combination of
phytogenic compounds and organic acids is the best
possible combination where phytogenics increase
the penetration level of organic acids that disrupt
pathogen internal functions.
Enzymes:
Enzymes are well-known additives in poultry
nutrition. Use of fiber/non-starch polysaccharides
(NSP) digesting enzymes is increasing and is now
considered as one of the best alternates to
antibiotics growth promoters. Enzymes help to
improve feed digestion by releasing prebiotics
compounds thereby reducing substrate availability to
pathogenic growth.
Yeast:
Due to a ban on antimicrobial agents as growth
promoters, application of yeast derivative has gained
popularity as a potential alternative. Research has
shown that yeast-derived products can be used to
control the composition of the microbial population
in the gastrointestinal tract, prevent colonization
with pathogens. Yeast is being used as antimicrobial

ARTICLE
18
compound because of its
antagonistic activities toward
undesirable bacteria, and fungi.
Antimicrobial peptides:
Antimicrobial peptides derived from
beneficial bacteria are a promising
alternative for growth promotion that
may aid in disease prevention and
possibly treatment. Antimicrobial
peptides are short molecules with
antibacterial properties that are toxic
to certain bacteria. In many cases,
these peptides are generated by
microorganisms. In vitro studies
provide strong circumstantial
evidence that the use of antimicrobial
peptides in broiler chickens, as well
as pigs, improves intestinal health
and suppresses harmful bacteria by
favoring the growth of beneficial
microorganisms. Bacteriocins like
nicin, pediocin are some of the
proven antimicrobial peptides used
as antibacterial peptides.
Zinc, copper and other heavy
metals:
Zinc, copper and other heavy metals
are naturally occurring necessary
trace elements in the diet but it may
be added to the diet in higher
concentrations for growth promotion, and
occasionally as therapy for the enteric disease.
Experimental studies have demonstrated that in
chickens, daily gains were significantly improved
when broiler feed was supplemented with a
combination of inorganic minerals including copper,
iron, manganese, and zinc; these inorganic
supplements produced a statistically significant
increase in broilers' weight gain. A variety of other
substances have been proposed as growth
promoters, including clay minerals (e.g., bentonites,
zeolites).
Conclusions:
Antimicrobial resistance has created awareness
among consumers for antibiotic and residue free
animal products. Use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters
(AGPs) has been banned in Europe and USA, India is
also in consideration for enforcement of a ban on
the sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics in farm
animals. Strict hygienic conditions at a farm and
healthy animals can reduce the use of antimicrobials
at farm levels. Today, alternative products are
primarily used for growth promotion and infection
prevention, with fewer options available for
treatment. However, the efficacy of alternative
products tends to be variable across individual
livestock operations and with the disease status of
herds and is often accepted by external factors such
as weather or feed composition.
References are available on request.
U.S. agribusiness group Archer Daniels
Midland Co. said it will be making
further investments at its crushing
facility in Straubing to produce non-
GMO high-protein soybean meal. The
added capability will allow the site to
serve ADM's growing portfolio of
soybean meal customers and support
local farmers in increasing the region's
soybean output.
“The decision to invest in the
production of non-GMO high-protein
soybean meal is a logical step after the
successful implementation of non-GMO
soybean processing at the site in May
2016,” said Jon Turney, general
manager, European soybean crush at
ADM. “The demand for non-GMO
soybean meal from European soybeans
is steadily growing. With the production of non-GMO
high-protein soybean meal, ADM will be able to better
meet the needs of its poultry feed customers, as well as
the dairy and pig feed markets.”
Earlier this year, ADM expanded its soy processing
capabilities at its facility in Spyck, Germany. In the last
12 months, it has been working with farmers and
industry partners across Europe to create further
opportunities to grow and market soybeans in the
region.
“This investment demonstrates ADM's commitment to
meet customer demand for non-GMO soybean
products in this region,” said Rene van der Poel, general
manager ADM Straubing. “In addition, it gives local
farmers a further incentive to grow more non-GMO
soybeans and benefit from bringing soybeans into crop
rotations.”
Source: ADM
ADM invests in non-GMO
high-protein soybean meal

INDUSTRY NEWS
20
ADM officially opened its new feed
premix plant in Zhangzhou, South
China built with an annual production
capacity of 30,000 tonnes of feed
premixes and 80,000 tonnes of
complete feed and concentrates, the
Zhangzhou feed plant represents the
fourth in ADM's expanding animal
nutrition network in China, which
consists of production facilities in
Dalian, Tianjin and Nanjing, as well as
a new plant under construction in
central China.
“The Zhangzhou plant adds perfectly
to our animal nutrition network in
China,” said Hong Yang, ADM's Asia
Pacific Director for Animal Nutrition.
“With operations in Zhangzhou, we
are better equipped to serve our
customers in the southern part of the
country.”
“With the growing middle class and changing diet
pattern, China's consumer demand for animal protein
will continue to grow,” said Donald Chen, ADM's
president of Asia Pacific “We are therefore confident
that demand for our quality animal nutrition
products will remain strong in the next decade and
this is why we continue to invest in animal nutrition
business at strategical locations across China,
including Zhangzhou.”
The new plant is ADM's most recent expansion into
the feed industry.
In late September, ADM announced that PROPLEX
DY, a protein source for swine, poultry and
aquaculture, has been approved for registration in
the Philippines and Vietnam. Produced from the wet
corn milling process, it is composed of dried
Saccharomyces yeast (non-active yeast), a source of
highly digestible amino acids that yields economic
and nutritional benefits to swine, poultry and
aquaculture diets.
Source: ADM
ADM opens new
feed premix plant in China

21
Within five years, Indonesia needs to
produce a significant amount more
chicken and beef than currently
available. This needs be done without
the use of antibiotics, as the AGP ban
comes into force on January, 2018 in
Indonesia.
This is stated in the Rabobank report:
From disruptions to opportunities:
four critical issues facing the animal
protein market in Indonesia.
Indonesia's protein market is the
largest in South-East Asia, with a
promising growth outlook. But to be
able to grow, the Indonesian
livestock producers need to
overcome 4 critical issues, says
Rabobank. These are: 1) investing in
the right value chain, 2) potential
impacts resulting from the adaption
of WTO findings and conclusions, 3)
compliance with various policies and
4) global disruptions.
Rabobank figures show that
Indonesia needs to supply 4.2 million
tonnes cwt of broiler meat by 2022.
This is 1.1 million tonnes more than
the 3.1 million tonnes cwt required
this year. Annual beef supply will also
need to expand to 914,000 tonnes
cwt by 2022 from 809,000 cwt in
2017, mostly through higher imports.
Yet, demand could grow faster still.
The Indonesian livestock producers
have to produce the extra protein
without the 'help' of antibiotic
growth promoters, as these will be
officially banned as of January 1st,
2018.
Antibiotics use for therapeutic
purposes is still allowed for up to
seven days under veterinary
supervision. The Rabobank report
states that Indonesia can learn the
lessons from Thailand, a country that
banned AGPs in 2012. Indonesian
feed millers have steps already to
reformulate their products, but their
efficacies are yet to be tested in
open-house poultry formats where
current mortality rates can reach 7-8%, compared to
2-4% rates in closed-house formats. Feed millers
have already started to use more AGP alternative
products such as probiotics, short-chain fatty acids
and prebiotics.
Source: Rabobank
Outlook - Indonesian
protein market
ImageSource:Rabobank

INDUSTRY NEWS
22
Off the coast of Senegal, where large
Chinese ships now catch as much fish in a
week as Senegalese fishing boats can
catch in a year, the population of mackerel
and sardines is dwindling. In Peru, home
to the world's largest fishery of a small fish
called anchoveta–once fished with no
restrictions–the government has spent the
last several years retraining 2,000
fishermen in new jobs to help curb
overfishing.
Each fishery provides at least a portion of
its catch to be made into fishmeal, small
pellets of protein and nutrients that are
used as food for livestock and fish farms. If
demand for seafood for humans is
growing quickly, so is demand for fish fed
to other fish. Aquaculture production has
more than doubled since 2000.
Recognizing that the ocean can't keep up,
one startup is working on making fish
feed from another source: carbon dioxide.
“We can take untreated flue gas from
various industrial emissions and just pipe
it into our plant, rather than putting it in
the atmosphere,” says David Tze, CEO of
NovoNutrients, which is currently scaling
up a system that it has proven works in a
lab.
The startup's process uses carbon dioxide, along with other
emissions, to feed microbes that can then become protein
for companies that make pellets of food for fish. Those
microbes are similar to ones that evolved to live near gas
vents in the ocean; the startup arranges them with other
species into “microbial factories” that work together to
make the whole process more efficient.
The company is also developing new microbes, using
synthetic biology, that can produce particular
nutrients–vitamins or probiotics, for example–that can also
be used as ingredients in feed. All of this will happen in
pipes that help the gases dissolve in water, rather than in
the large tanks that are used for fermentation in a brewery
or some pharmaceutical companies. The pipes can connect
directly to a cement plant or other industrial emitter and
then into a fishmeal factory next door. Hydrogen, which can
be produced through electrolysis of water using solar
power, can provide energy for the system.
For NovoNutrients, it's a way to turn a waste product and a
major greenhouse gas into something of value. “About 36
billion tons [of CO2] a year is emitted globally, and we are
not aware of other economically feasible large-scale carbon
utilization practices,” says Tze. “We're sure others will
emerge over time, but we think it will be interesting to be in
that first batch to be commercialized.”
Because carbon dioxide emissions are often free, and some
Sustainable production of fish feed
using carbon dioxide
We're harvesting too many fish from the ocean, not just for human plates, but to feed farmed fish
as well. Novo Nutrients wants to replace that fish food with something more sustainable:
microbes grown with carbon dioxide
ImageSource:ImpactAlpha

companies will even pay to have the gas
captured, the process is also cheaper than
catching fish to turn into fishmeal. The
demand from aquaculture has made
fishmeal valuable, and producing
nutrients through the process is even
more valuable; protein meal might sell for
around USD 1,000 a ton, but nutrients like probiotics can
sell for USD 1,000,000 a ton.
The same process could be used to make feed for livestock,
and eventually, pet food or protein for synthetic meat for
humans. The urgent need in the aquaculture industry made
it a logical place to start. “We understand that our early
markets, aquaculture, poultry, and swine are ready now,”
says Tze. The company is using bioreactors to create protein
that more closely matches the mix of amino acids that fish
would get by eating smaller fish.
“We are confident that the need and potential profits are so
great, that there will be many profitable firms supplying the
aquaculture feed mill companies,” says Kevin Fitzsimmons,
an expert in aquaculture and a professor at the University of
Arizona.
NovoNutrients' approach doubles as a way to reduce
emissions. A typical cement plant might emit a million tons
of carbon dioxide in a year; the startup can convert that
into half a million tons of protein meal. There's a demand
for hundreds of millions of tons of fishmeal each year. Still, that's
only part of a solution for current emissions.
“Unfortunately, 36 billion tons of emissions of CO2 a year is
a lot, and it's going to require more than just addressing the
protein needs of animal feed to solve that,” Tze says. “We
hope to be a small but important part of the solution, but
we certainly would not claim to be even a plurality of the
solution.”

24
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 4 | Issue 1 | Nov 2017INDUSTRY NEWS
Cultivating Maize can be a
game changer
'It is adaptable, consumes less water
and fetches a handsome return for the
grower'
Hybrid maize can supplant traditional
paddy crop in the core kuruvai season
in the Cauvery delta regions in times of
water scarcity or delayed opening of
Mettur dam.
Cultivating maize as an alternative to
kuruvai paddy can be a potential game
changer for the farmers to get
considerable income in a short span of
time, reveals a field study and research
carried out by the Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University.
The pilot programme was conducted as
part of the World Bank funded Tamil
Nadu Irrigated Agriculture
Modernisation Programme (TNIAMP).
Delta farmers in the State are facing
water scarcity, especially during the
kuruvai cropping season and most of
them have to solely rely on Cauvery
water which is released from Mettur
dam. In the past several years, those
farmers who do not have access to sub-
surface water had to leave the land
fallow during the kuruvai season due to
water scarcity.
The TNAU was seized of the issues
confronting delta farmers before
coming up with maize and pulses as
suitable alternatives to paddy in the
kuruvai season. The ideas were put to field test by
introducing hybrid maize as alternative crop to paddy
on 300 acres equally distributed in Thanjavur, Tiruvarur
and Nagapattinam districts.
A total of 167 farmers came forward to undertake the
pilot project under the TNIAMP.
World Bank funding
The World Bank provided Rs. 86 crore to the TNAU with
an objective to promote climate resilient and market-led
agriculture in 66 sub basins of Tamil Nadu and maize
was selected for the Cauvery delta region.
“Maize is adaptable to growing environment, is less
water consuming and relatively not affected by pest and
disease besides fetching a handsome return for the
grower. The TNAU took up the initiative to raise maize
as an alternative to kuruvai paddy in the Cauvery delta.
Private companies supplied hybrid maize to farmers, the
TNAU imparted technical guidance while the Broiler
Coordination Committee, Palladam, assured market for
the cultivated maize,” explained B. J. Pandian, Director,
Water Technology Centre and Nodal Officer, TNIAMP.
It is planned to demonstrate maize as an alternative to
kuruvai paddy on a larger scale and it is also part of
implementing water saving technologies, over the next
six years, for which the World Bank has allotted Rs. 10
crore to the Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute,
Aduthurai, it's director V. Ravi said.
While farmers in Thanjavur district waited for the hybrid
maize to mature and supplied the produce to poultry
units, those in Manalmedu region of Nagapattinam
district harvested the fresh green cobs and sold them, in
just three quarters of the normal cultivation period.
Source: The Hindu
ImageSource:Knowledge

EVENT COVERAGE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 4 | Issue 1 | Nov 2017
26
From October 24-25, 2017, livestock
and feed representatives from south
Asia gathered to discuss recent trends
and the future of the Asian protein
economy.
The BIOMIN Asia Nutrition Forum held
recently in New Delhi attracted over 350
enthusiastic participants from South
Asia.
Held every two years, the Asia Nutrition
Forum is the premier scientific assembly
for connecting with peers, fostering
partnerships and exchanging
information, experiences and best
practices.
Edward Manchester, Regional Director,
BIOMIN Asia-Pacific gave a brief
introduction about the significance of
Asia Nutrition Forum.
“The Asia Nutrition Forum is acclaimed
as the credible platform for knowledge
sharing and has consistently shared
invaluable technical knowledge for the
betterment of the industry and this
series of seminars are held across Asia
every two years,” Edward Manchester stated in his
welcome speech.
Moderating the series of technical seminars, Dr. Sujit
Kulkarni, Managing Director, BIOMIN India said that the
Asia Nutrition Forum acts as an agent of change. “This
event is significant and the theme for Asia Nutrition
Forum 'Driving the Asian Protein Economy' shows how
BIOMIN is committed to sustainable development,” he
said.
Livestock rearing without antimicrobial growth
promoters
Dr. Theo A. Niewold, PhD, Professor Nutrition and Health,
University of Leuven, Belgium in his technical session
pointed out that there is increased awareness on gut
health and stated that antimicrobial growth promoters are
on the way out.
In his session on “Livestock rearing without antimicrobial
growth promoters is perfectly possible using anti-
inflammatory feed compounds and feeding strategies” Dr.
Niewold informed the audience that non-antibiotic and
anti-inflammatory compounds i.e. natural products rich in
bioactive compounds have similar positive effects minus
the disadvantages.
“Encapsulation is needed for concentration in small
intestines to have anti-inflammatory effect” he said and
Livestock and feed industry
professionals explored
Sustainable Farming at
BIOMIN Asia Nutrition Forum

28
EVENT COVERAGE
emphasized the critical role that
biomarkers can play in developing anti-
inflammatory feed compounds.
Probiotics as alternatives to
antibiotics
In the next session “Probiotics as
alternatives to antibiotics for treating
lameness due to bacterial infections in
broilers”, Dr. Robert F. Wideman, Jr., PhD,
Emeritus Professor, Center of Excellence
for Poultry Science, University of
Arkansas, USA explained how various
experiments have proved the
effectiveness of probiotics as alternatives
to antibiotics.
“Probiotics decrease the incidents of
lameness by 50% and studies have
proved that there is significant reduction
in bacterial chondronecrosis with
osteomyelitis (BCO)” he said pointing
out a study.
Health secrets of the gut
Dr. Daniel Petri, PhD, Global Product Line
Manager Microbials at BIOMIN, in his
session on “Health secrets of the gut”
explained in detail the key role played by
gut and pointed out that intestinal
microbiota influence the immune system
of the host with long lasting effect. “The
gut is the largest component of the
immune system, and so gut health is
crucial,” he added.
He described how the gut quickly gets
colonized by microbiota from the
environment and informed about the
high risk of colonization with unwanted
microbes in newly hatched chicks.
“Protective gut microbes are not yet
established in these chicks and so they
respond slowly and hence they are at
high risk,” he added.
Protein for all
In the post-lunch session, “Protein for
all”, Dr. Pavan Kumar, Animal Feed/Soy
Meal Manager, U.S. Soybean Export
Council (USSEC) gave key statistics on
the protein consumption in India with
comparative figures in other developing
and developed countries.
“Chicken meat is the most affordable
animal protein and there is no doubt
that appropriate intake of protein will
result in stronger India,” he added.
Dr. Pavan Kumar suggested that all
poultry entrepreneurs should adopt at least two villages
in their vicinity and educate the people about the
importance of protein consumption and its benefits.
Feed Converter-Gift to gut health
Dr. Sudipto Haldar, Agrivet, Kolkata in his session on
“Feed Converter-Gift to gut health” underlined that an
uninterrupted mucous layer is important and said that the
condition called 'dysbiosis' affects the small intestinal
mucous layer, which in turn negatively impacts
productivity.
“Dysbiosis also alters intestinal fluid dynamics, dynamicity
of gut microbiota and gut health,” he said and underlined
that when the gut health is not good, the immune
response system redirects protein away from muscle
development to tissue repair. “The intestinal system is the
engine that drives all others,” Dr. SudiptoHaldar said.
He stressed that phytogenic feed additives have
enormous potential and informed that PFAs have anti-
bacterial properties, improve nutrient digestibility and
increase fluidity of cell membrane. “Phytogenic additives
cut down the cost of gut immunity. A good gut gives
good return,” he remarked.
The role of R&D for an organization to become a
pioneer
Dr. Eva Maria Binder, PhD, Vice President Research, ERBER
AG in her session on “The role of R&D for an organization
to become a pioneer” told the participants about the
ERBER Group R&D process and the history and growth of
BIOMIN over the years. “Our R&D is basically this:
breaking things down to molecules so that we exactly
measure how our products work, and that is how we
stand out and are unique,” she added.
“We are collaborating with about 200 universities and
research institutions and our entire operations is R&D
based,” she said and informed about the company's R&D
activities, for example nutrigenomics and precision
farming.
With this session, the series of technical seminars, which
was highly informative in content came to a close.
Thanking all the speakers, who came from the US,
Belgium and Austria, Edward Manchester, Regional
Director, BIOMIN Asia-Pacific said that the sessions
offered a fresh perspective on the alternatives to
antibiotics. “The sessions were wide-ranging and
highlighted scientific inputs in the respective areas. I
encourage the participants here to try and follow these
valuable inputs and suggestions in their operations,” he
said in his concluding remarks.
Following this, Dr. Hannes Binder, PhD, Managing Director
at BIOMIN in his special address thanked all the speakers
and the participants for their support. “BIOMIN is
committed to provide excellent products and service to
drive the Asian protein economy,” he pointed out.

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 4 | Issue 1 | Nov 2017CALENDAR OF EVENTS
30
2017-18
To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at
NOVEMBER
Poultry India
Date: 22-24 November 2017
Venue: HITEX, Hyderabad, India
Email: info@poultryindia.co.in
Web: www.poultryindia.co.in
3rd Global Feed Summit
Date: 29-30 November 2017
Venue: Bangkok, THAILAND
Email: mailto:grace@cmtsp.com.sg
Web: www.cmtevents.com
Date: 8-10 February 2018
Venue: Pune, Maharashtra, India
Email: feedtechexpo@gmail.com
Web: www.feedtechexpo.com
MARCH
3rd Poultry & Livestock Bangladesh Expo
Date: 21-24 March 2018
Venue: International Convention City, Dhaka,
Bangladesh
Email: contact@cems-foodagro.com
Web: www.cems-foodagro.com
FeedTechExpo 2018Animal Feed Technology
APRIL
Livestock Asia
Date: 19-21 April 2018
Venue: Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Malaysia
Email: rita.lau@ubm.com
Web: www.livestockasia.com
JUNE
VIV Europe
Date: 20-22 June 2018
Venue: Jaarbeurs Utreach, the Netherlands
Email: karlienke.smitt@vnuexhibitions.com
Web: www.viveurope.nl
DECEMBER
International Dairy & Agri Expo (PDFA)
Date: 9-11 December 2017
Venue: Cattle Fair Ground, Jagraon, Ludhiana, Punjab
Email: info@pdfa.org.in
Web: www.pdfa.org.in
VICTAM Asia
Date: 27-29 March 2018
Venue: BITEC, Bangkok, Thailand
Email: maarcservices@gmail.com
Web: www.victamasia.com
FEBRUARY

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