Think Grain Think Feed July issue

Volume 2 | Issue 9
July-2016
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EDITORIAL
ur Agriculture sector has been
facing water crisis for the last two
Oconsecutive drought years – 2014
and 2015. This has resulted in increasing the
prices of essential commodities like pulses and vegetables. Since
prices of Agro commodities go up during water crisis or drought
situations, the animal feed industry also suffers. A drought in
India generally creates a shortage of coarse grains used in animal
feed, resulting in a feed shortage. The monsoon rains are
important for the 55 percent of Indian farmland that does not
have irrigation are considered deficient. Apart from occasional
monsoon failure, substantial water losses are due to evaporation,
drainage, percolation, water conveyance, and excess use of
groundwater since most farmers of the country use traditional
techniques of irrigation. The stress for water available for other
purposes will continue as more of areas come under traditional
irrigation techniques. An effective solution in this regard shall be
the extensive use of micro-irrigation techniques such as drip and
sprinkler irrigation. With the good news of almost normal
monsoon forecast for this year, the Indian oil meal production is
more likely to recover to its normal status of 15.4 MMT, and
accordingly, the exports may go up from 1.3MMT to 2.6 MMT.
Sorghum and millet production is likely to go up to 5.5 MMT
from its last year's figure of 4.6 MMT. However, the corn
production is likely to remain unchanged at 21 MMT, as per USDA
report.
Spotlight on Kemin South Asia
Recently, the editors for TGTF magazine were in Chennai, just to
have the firsthand account of the huge facilities developed by
Kemin South Asia, Chennai, with respect to their R&D laboratories
and operational establishments, for the manufacture of varieties
of feed additives/ingredients. Apart from that, the team also
interacted with the captains of Kemin South Asia. Established in
India in 1997, today with its state-of-the–art R&D facilities and
automated operations, the company has added many innovative
products to its portfolio. Kemin's vision is to improve the quality
of life by touching nearly half of the world population by 2018.
This issue focuses the strides that company has made on
partnering with the industry, improving the feed quality and its
projections ahead.
T.K. Walli
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 9 | July 2016
Feed ingredient availability
in the current year

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INDUSTRY EVENTS
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
INDUSTRY THOUGHTS
INNOVATIONS
05
MARKET PROJECTIONS
INTERVIEW
ARTICLE
UPCOMING EVENTS
6-8 September
2016
2-3 September
2016
Viability of Camelina meal in cattle feed
High Indian corn prices on futures
and spot market
06
08 Defining Sustainability for Animal Nutrition
16
12
20
An alternate option for Maize in
Poultry Feed
Azolla Microphylla :
A Potential Feed for Livestock
Delivering science
with innovative molecules
Ration Balancing Program by
NDDB - Innovation in Livestock Feeding
24
Sustainability and safety of feed
and food along the value chain
28
26 Impact of monsoon on Indian Feed Industry

R&D
05
Viability of Camelina meal
in cattle feed
amelina meal is being tested as
an ingredient for use in dairy
Crations in Canada in a bid to
enhance milk quality.
University of Saskatchewan is testing
different percentages of Camelina meal
in feedstock for dairy animals to
determine if animals will produce milk
with healthy Omega-3 type nutrients.
Cold-pressed non-solvent extracted
Camelina meal has been approved to
use in broiler chickens up to inclusion
of 12% and approval is expected soon
for the inclusion of Camelina rations for
laying hens industry.
“Recent papers have shown that
camelina can have a positive impact on
milk fat qualities, so this would be a
good time to get some more
information,” said Rex Newkirk, research
lead for the centre at the university. He
said
A study at the University of Bucharest
found that feeding portions of camelina
meal to dairy cows produced elevated
amounts of omega-6 fatty acids,
polyunsaturated fatty acids and
conjugated linoleic acid (CLA).
“We have to do a number of studies to
show that the product is efficacious,
that there's no toxic effects, no harm
camelina seed is a value
added feed ingredient due to
its fatty acid profile.
done from feeding the material,” said Newkirk.
Sean Thompson, feed industry liaison works with feeds
innovation institute and the Canadian Feed Research
Centre, said camelina has been on radar for number of
years. To get it registered with CFIA, safety and efficacy
is to be proved, for which university is carrying trials.
The centre has two trials planned with the first
underway. The cows are fed a formulated diet with a
zero to 10 percent camelina mixture.
After the four-month trial, the large amount of data will
be organized and the second trial will begin, but with
higher levels. The cows will then be fed a zero to 20
percent mixture.
“Once the animal performance along with the milk
production quality and quantity is understood, it can be
considered to produce on bigger level in Canada,” said
Newkirk.
Camelina has excellent yield potential over a short
season of 85 to 100 days. It grows well in cool
temperatures and is drought and frost tolerant.
Five tonnes of Camelina meal is being supplied for the
tests by Saskatoon-based Smart Earth Seeds. “Camelina
is a high quality non-GMO source of protein, omega
rich oils and high levels of vitamin E,” said Jack
Grushcow, CEO of Smart Earth Seeds.
“Our goal is to get local markets to take advantage of
these Camelina benefits so we can build local
processing infrastructure and deliver benefits to rural
communities.”
This can produce softer butter and may convey
potential anti-cancer properties.
Source: globalnews

MARKET PROJECTIONS
06
ndian maize prices continue to
move up on futures as well as the
Ispot markets. June contract expired
on Jun 20, 2016, up 1.05% to
Rs.15360/MT; Jul up 6.67% to
Rs.164760/MT; Aug up 6.52% to
Rs.16830/MT; Sept 6.81% to
Rs.17100/MT Oct up 5.31% to
Rs.15480/MT. Oct is the first of the
Khariff Contracts and in one week say
an increase. Spot prices in key markets
were up on demand from poultry and
starch sector and also based own the
higher import price of corn from the
world market. Nizamand up 4.36% to
Rs.16890/Mt; Davangere up 2.61% to
Rs.17675/MT; Karimnagar up 3.62%to
Rs.16916/MT, Sangli up 5.11% to
Rs.18500/MT and Gulabbagh up 8.63%
to Rs.15727/MT. Delivered price top
South India (Tamil Nadu, poultry hub)
remain high at Rs.18250/MT. Maize
sowing at this time is lagging by about
11% against last year, Bajra and Small
millets is up by 62% and 24%
respectively. Soybean sowing is down
by 86% at this time. It is still too early
to say how much corn will be sown,
now that the entire India is covered by
monsoon, the pace of sowing could
increase. The tender for 50,000 MT of
Non-GM corn import was opened
recently and one bid of $254-255/MT
(CNF Gujarat ports) was received. This is high price as
there is not much corn available in Ukraine which
supplied corn to India earlier.
Following Brexit vote, coupled with very good growing
conditions in the US, the corn prices were down
considerably. While following the vote, the markets
dropped faster, there was some uptrend, but overall,
corn turned cheap in the US. Jul contract down 12.16%
to $151.33/MT; Sept down 12.11% to 153.44/MT; Dec
down 12.13% to $155.19/MT. Following the downtrend
on CBOT, FOB prices have also softened and were
indicated in the range $185-195/MT. For both US Gulf
and PNW for the period July-Sept. Argentina/Brazil
origin corn is prices at $183-186/MT July delivery and
Black sea corn at $202/MT or higher on FOB basis. The
growing conditions in the US remain very good and
about 75% of the crop is in good to excellent condition.
As the corn prices in the US dropped, DDGS followed
and is currently priced on FOB basis (US Gulf) at
$212/Mt (July) and $207/MT (Sep). Delivered price to
Vietnam $278-263/Mt (July-Spet) and to China $285-
260/MT (July-Sep). The protein co-products, CGM price
was down $10/MT to $615/Mt (FOB). US SBM is priced
at $438-444/MT (48% protein) and 46.5% Protein SBM
delivered price to Asia is indicated at $480-484/MT.
US ethanol price too is down by about 4.8% following
drop in corn prices. On CBOT, US ethanol's prices
between $0.422/litre in July to $0.405/litre in Oct 2016.
China continue to buy US ethanol and from Jan-April
2016 has bought 416 million litres at an average FOB
price of $0.44/litre.
Source: TechproIndia
High Indian
corn prices on futures
and spot market

08
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 9 | July 2016INDUSTRY THOUGHTS
Introduction
Over the last few years, sustainability has
become a new megatrend and even a
business imperative (Lubin and Esty
2010). It has also become the key driver
for innovation (Nidumolu et al. 2009). In
the broad sense “sustainability” means
the ability to maintain a process. The
term can be defined as the ability of an
ecosystem to maintain ecological
processes, biodiversity and productivity
into the future. Livestock farming is
important source of pollution globally
and especially in livestock production
areas with a high animal density.
Globally, as more and more land is
converted to intensive monocrop
production of soybeans and corn (and
others in a narrow range of industrial
feed crops), pesticide and fertilizers
pollute waterways, biodiversity declines,
natural carbon sinks are destroyed
mainly due to direct and indirect land
use change (dLUC, iLUC), and
greenhouse gases are emitted in all
stages of intensive feed production and
transport. Animal production is very
often separated from crop production
and is seen responsible of more than
14.5% of human induced Greenhouse Gas Emissions
(GHG) in terms of CO (Gerber et al 2013). According to2
the same authors (2013) it is important to set up
advanced technologies such as modern feed strategies
using beneficial feed additives like enzymes, amino acids
and gut modulation products, manure management
practices and energy use efficiency to further reduce
livestock production related emissions.
Sustainability – challenge for livestock
The United Nations Brundtland commission in its 1987
report defined sustainability as “meeting the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs”. Figure 1 shows a
typical sustainability model, the so called triple P model.
There are three overlapping ellipses which reflect the
social (people), the economic (profit) and the ecological
(planet) dimensions. Overlapping of only two dimensions
might be viable, bearable or equitable, but only the
intersection of all three can be regarded as sustainable.
At a fundamental level impact of human activities are now
seen in harmful changes to the global geochemical cycles
that are critical for life on earth and thus the elementary
pillars of the ecological dimension of sustainability. They
are the nitrogen cycle, the water cycle, the carbon cycle
and the oxygen cycle. To achieve global sustainability,
management of these cycles at all levels is essential.
FAO report “Livestock's long shadow” (Steinfeld et al.
2006) stated, that the global animal industry contributed
Defining Sustainability
for Animal Nutrition
Dr. Thomas Kaufmann, Evonik Nutrition, Germany

09
more than traffic to global warming, i.e.
18% of the global warming potential
(GWP) expressed in CO equivalents. The2
livestock sector must improve its
environmental performance one one
hand, but can play a key role in
mitigating climate change through
adoption of improved technologies. To
do this, feed conversion efficacy and
feed quality are key tools to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. The most
recent publication (Gerber et al.2013)
points out specific mitigation
opportunities in tackling climate change
through livestock like improving
production efficiency, improving
breeding and animal health, using
manure management practices to
recycle and recover nutrients and energy
contained in manure, sourcing low
emission inputs such as feed and use of
feed additives like amino acids, enzymes
and gut modulating products such as
pre- and probiotics, organic acids and
phytobiotics.
The results of the lately published SFIS
study shows the reduce potential of
amino acids and phytase for excretion of
N and P. In the case for typical conditions
in Latin America, N excretion was
reduced for poultry by almost 70%, P-
excretion by more than 50% compared
to feeding conditions without these
additives.
Similar to other species, a large part of
the dietary nitrogen intake is excreted into the
environment. Using standard diets, only 45% of dietary
nitrogen intake is retained by the broiler body, and the
rest is excreted into the litter with about 40% converted to
ammonia leading to a deterioration in litter quality and
thus a deterioration in health status of the birds. A high
CP level in the feed is moreover reported as a
predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis. An excess of
protein would also lead to a physiological need for an
increase in water consumption to achieve efficient
nitrogen excretion. As a consequence, high CP diets lead
to higher levels of nitrogen and water excretion compared
with low CP diets. Reducing dietary CP levels is thus a key
solution to control nitrogen excretion and ammonia
emission in poultry husbandry.
The third dimension in feed formulation
Optimizing the nutritional and economic aspects of feed
formulation and feeding concepts is established using
best practice of all advanced premixers, compounders
and integrated feed companies. However, the ecological
aspect has been given only low consideration due to
missing tools and low legal and public pressure.
We need to take into account not only the effects of the
different feed composition, but including the effects of
the NH3 emissions in the animal house and during
manure storage and field application as well as the
nitrous oxide (N O) and nitrate (NO3-) emissions during2
manure spreading. It is generally accepted that reducing
the protein level in a diet reduces the nitrogen content in
the manure by 10%, the ammonia emission into the
ambient air by 10%, the water consumption of the
animals by 3% and the manure volume by 5% (Peisker et
al 2009).
Low emission farm (LEF)
To reach the full potential of mitigating the environmental
impact of livestock production several best practices like
optimized breeding and husbandry management and
health, efficient nutrient management, waste
management and emission management must be
combined. All three are followed by efficient energy use
and nutrient recycling to close nutrient cycles.
Conclusions and outlook
Livestock must improve its environmental footprint given
the fact its resource consumption and contribution to
Fig 1: 3-dimension model of sustainability
Social PEOPLE
Ecological
PLANET
Economical
PROFIT
Bearable
Viable
Equitable
Sustainable

INDUSTRY THOUGHTS Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 9 | July 2016
10
GWP, AP and EP is substantial (Steinfeld
et al. 2006, Gerber et al. 2013).
Advanced nutrition concepts applying
the latest scientific knowledge offer
great improvement potential in lowering
the ecological nutrient management.
Combining best practice with some or all
of the described further elements
(anaerobic biogas production using
manure as feedstock, biogas upgrading,
digestate treatment and best application
practices of digestate on the field or
even nutrient recycling producing
different types of fertilizers) under the
LEF concept results in even a higher
improvement potential. Environmental
savings as a license to save-guard
current business and enable future
growth of livestock farms under more
strict environmental regulations will
predominate renewable energy
production under subsidize schemes.
The economic and ecological feasibility of this concept is
currently being evaluated in an Evonik project analyzing
the return of investment and calculating the ecological
benefit using the LCA methodology for different scenarios
combining the individual modules of the LEF concept.
The following recommendations could be given to policy
makers and regulatory authorities who want to speed up
the development toward sustainable poultry operations:
! Assess the full environmental costs of current poultry
production systems which today are externalized
! Exploit the full potential of lowering the protein
content in poultry feed to reduce N-emissions
! biggest potential in layer and breeder feed and
in grower 2 and broiler finisher
! formulation based on SID combined with ideal
protein profile
! Optimize use of enzymes (NSP, proteases, mannase)
to increase feed resource efficiency in using more
alternative or new feed raw materials
! Make use of phytase obligatory to lower
eutrophication and to preserve mineral phosphate
stocks
! Use organic trace mineral sources, especially for zinc
and copper
! Stop using AGPs by a holistic approach of using
alternative AGP-replacing additives combining with
best management practices
! Require large-scale commercial farms and integrated
meat complexes to build biogas plants with manure
as main feedstock
References available on request.
Animal Farming
Food Production
Food
Nutrient
Management
Manure
Feedstock
Animal House
Private Housing
Local Industry
Biogas Fermenter
Heat / Electricity
Raw
CH4
Emission Management Waste Management
digestate treatment
Public Gas Grid
Gas Storage Tanks
Gas Use for
Transportation
Independent Local
Infrastructure
Pure
CH4
Gas Storage Bottels
Liquid organic fertilizer (N)
Liquid organic fertilizer (P)
Solid organic fertilizer (N)
Solid organic fertilizer (P)
H O discharge2
Low Emission Farming (LEF) Concept
Purification/Compressing
Fig 2: Elements of the integrated Low Emission Farm (LEF) concept
Fig 3: GWP excl. biogenic carbon and LUC (kg CO2e/1.000 kg
live weight of broiler), LA
Broiler
ref
Broiler
AA
Broiler
BG CHP
Broiler
BG Ch4
Broiler
BG fuel
1.277
749
749
749
749
79
79
79
79
79
145
67
62
62
62
99
39
45
45
45
16
25
1.600
934
814
785
728
-223
-167
-122 -55%
Feedmix
Hatchery & Farm
Storage & biogas
field
purification & losses
credit energy
credit CNG
credit diesel

ARTICLE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 9 | July 2016
12
An alternate
option for Maize in
Poultry Feed
*Dr. Suraj A. Amrutkar, **Dr. Suhas A. Amrutkar &
***Bharti Deshmukh
Introduction
The growing world food crisis has
presented a challenge to poultry
nutritionists, especially in India, to
investigate the possibilities of utilizing
other potential energy feed sources as a
replacement for maize grain. The major
portion of the crop is now diverted for
purposes such as biofuel, brewery and
starch industries, apart from its growing
spate in human consumption. Maize of
course, is the major feed ingredient in
broiler diet with the inclusion level of
around 60% in the total diet. In India,
because of only a marginal increase in
maize production coupled with poor
production per hectare, has widened the
supply and demand gap which has put
lot of pressure on maize price during
most of the year. Because of this, it has
become quite essential to identify and
evaluate less expensive, readily and locally
available energy sources for poultry
feeding in the place of maize.
One of the energy sources available for
replacing maize in poultry ration is Bajra (Pearl millet). Pearl
millet one of the most drought-tolerant of all domesticated
cereals, is grown widely in tropical regions of Africa and
Asia. India is the largest pearl millet producer in the world.
It can be grown under seasonal rainfall as low as 200-250
mm, making it only reliable productive cereal in driest rain
fed regions of the arid and semi-arid tropics. The important
dry land crop provides both grain as well as fodder. Bajra
grain contain 12 % C.P. and 3240 kcal M.E. and resembles
maize ( 9% CP and 3330 kcal ME) in most of the qualities. It
can be included upto 30% in chick ration and upto 60% in
grower and layer ration. Thus, Bajra may provide major
replacement of maize in poultry feed because of the
striking similarities in nutrient composition of these two
types of grains.
Bajra crop is well adapted to production systems
characterized by low rainfall, low soil fertility and high
temperature, thus can be grown in areas where other
cereal crops like wheat or maize would not survive. Bajra
protein offers the added advantage of having more lysine,
methionine and tryptophan content than other food
grains. Comparatively, it has also the lower fat producing
ability within the animal system. The grain also supplies
more thiamin and iron.
Lower productivity

13
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 9 | July 2016Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 9 | July 2016
The productivity of the crops like Bajra is
much lower due to various reasons such
as non-availability of quality inputs to the
farmers, lack of access to improved
varieties of seed and other technologies,
unavailability of credit on time, poor
storage facilities and poor market linkage
etc. There is no doubt, a large potential for
using pearl millet as alternate to maize in
poultry feed. It is important to propagate
the good nutritive as well as other
attributes of pearl millet among poultry
producers and feed manufacturers to
promote this as an alternate to maize.
It has been reported that the Pearl millet
based diet provides best (p<0.05) feed
conversion ratio (FCR) and the lowest
(p<0.05) feed cost per unit of body weight
gain. Complete replacement of maize with
pearl millet in broiler diet did not impair
feed intake, body weight gain and feed
conversion ratio and nutrient retention.
Inclusion in poultry diets
Pearl millet has been shown to be a
suitable feed ingredient for poultry diets,
and whole seeds can be fed to poultry. Its
seed is higher in methionine than maize,
alleviating some of the need for synthetic
methionine supplementation in organic
poultry diets. Feeding ground pearl millet
to laying hens results eggs higher in
omega-3-fatty acids and lower in omega-
6-fatty acid than eggs from hens receiving
a corn based diets.
Although pearl millet can be grown in areas not favorable to corn,
and the grain can be used in poultry diets, but the production of
pearl millet has been limited due to its susceptibility to rust disease.
Rust resistant hybrid of pearl millet has been developed so as to
alleviate this concern. Thus, the grain in poultry feeds is a good
alternative to maize for broilers and layers. When pearl millet
replaced maize part per par isocalorically and isoproteinically, the
performance of chicks was either comparable or even better than
those on of maize based diet. Pearl millet was included at 60% part
per part or isocalorically and isoproteinically at the expense of
maize, the performance of layers was comparable. The protein
content of pearl millet, although variable, but higher and essential
amino acid profile is more balanced than corn. It has higher oil
content than other common cereal grains and is a better source of
linolenic acid. Based on the performance of broilers and laying
hens fed pearl millet, it appears that pearl millet is equivalent or
sometimes even superior to corn as a grain source for poultry
rations. Moreover, the crop matures quickly, which it make
potentially an ideal component of traditional double cropping and
rotational cropping system.
Anti-nutritional Factors
Pearl millet grain does not have many of the anti-nutritional factors
than other alternative grains do. As compared with Rye and
Sorghum, pearl millet is low in tannins. It does not appear to need
to be heat treated to destroy any protease inhibitor or other
harmful factors. However, the grain contains saponins, which are
known to damage the lining of the digestive tract. The pearl millet
grown in the United states appears to be resistant to aspergillus
flavus infection, reducing concern about mycotoxins. However, the
grain is susceptible to fusarium fungi, but the level of fusarium
toxins is usually low.
Multiple uses
Bajra is also used as fodder for livestock. The crop is cultivated in
India approximate on 900000 hectares yielding 20-35 tonne of
green fodder per hectare. It is generally grown for taking the grains
not as fodder. After removing grains, its stalks are seldom used for
feeding the animals as fodder crop in the country. Whenever it is
grown as a fodder crop, it is harvested before flowering stage for
feeding the animals. It is a quick growing, disease resistant, high
tillering fodder crop, suitable for sowing in arid and semi-arid
regions which can be sown early in spring under irrigated
conditions and in kharif under rainfed condition. However, it is not
suitable under high rainfall areas. It does well even on light soils. It
is sown alone or mixture with guar or cow pea. The crop is
cultivated in a similar manner as jowar and maize; and contains
22% dry matter, 13% TDN and 0.9% DCP. Hybrid-Bajra-1 has been
developed by GADVASU scientist in Ludhiana, which is disease
resistant and can be grown in all types of soil and climate
condition.

14
Harvesting and Yield
The first cutting should be done after 50-
80 days, after sowing and subsequent
cutting after 35-40 days. For good
regrowth, the cutting height should be 15
cm from the ground. The yield depends
upon the varieties, but the average green
yield may be 400-600 q/hectare.
Table 1: Chemical composition of Katherine and Siberian Pearl millet grain
Parameters Katherine Pearl
millet grain
Siberian Pearl millet
grain
Dry matter 88.9 90
Ash 2.3 4.3
Protein 13.7 11.8
Fat 6.5 5.4
Calcium 0.03 0.03
Phosphorus 0.45 0.32
Crude Fibre 5.1 15.4
NDF (Neutral detergent fibre) 10.0 24.8
Starch 63.4 53
Gross Energy (Kcal/kg) 4585.8 4561.9
Amino acids profile
Arginine 5.06 3.25
Cystine 2.35 2.21
Glycine 3.49 2.79
Histidine 2.64 1.58
Isoleucine 4.81 3.95
Leucine 11.53 9.58
Lysine 3.41 1.5
Methionine 2.66 3.44
Phenylalanine 5.52 5.9
Serine 5.46 4.72
Threonine 4.4 3.33
Tryptophan 3.15 1.58
Tyrosine 3.32 3.62
Valine 5.97 4.85
Table 2: Nutrient content of
Indian Pearl millet
Dry matter 90%
Metabolizable energy 3240 kcal/kg
Crude protein 12%
Methionine 0.28%
Cysteine 0.24%
Lysine 0.35%
Tryptophan 0.20%
Threonine 0.44%
Crude fat 4.2%
Crude fiber 1.8%
Ash 2.5%
Calcium 0.05%
Total phosphorus 0.30%
Non phytate phosphorus 0.10%
The dominance of multinational
companies over shrimp feed in India
may soon end, thanks to a local feed
developed by the Central Institute of
Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA),
Chennai, which will benefit aquaculture
farmers in a big way.
Branded as Vannamei Plus, the cost-
effective product has been made out of
locally available ingredients and
indigenous feed manufacturing
technology. It was successfully
demonstrated in Gujarat, Andhra
Pradesh and Kerala, where it received
good harvest results.
The feed is priced at Rs. 60/kg against
the current price of available products,
which is in the range of Rs. 75-85, KK
Vijayan, Director of CIBA, said recently.
The feed price, he said, has been on the
rise since the introduction of Vannamei
Domestic shrimp feed for better
profitability and sustainability
shrimps in India, driving production
cost upwards and reducing profitability.
The shrimp feed market at large has
been dominated by MNCs.
Opening of feed mill production units
with indigenously developed
formulated feed would provide a cost
effective choice to domestic farmers
along with popular feeds of
multinational companies.
Today, the feed accessibility as per
requirements is a constraint for many of
the small and medium farmers with the
supply regulated through authorised
chains. The size of the Rs. 4500 crore
Indian shrimp feed market is about 0.6
million tonnes, he said.
Vijayan, who was here to witness the
harvest using the new feed in
Kodungallur, said that the development
of a local product would contribute to
the profitability and sustainability of
shrimp farming.
Sustainable option
Using this newly developed feed, the
cost share of feed to produce one kg of
shrimp was Rs. 91 against Rs. 140 with
commercial feeds. The usage of low
cost feed has given scope for domestic
farmers to reduce Vannemei production
cost.
K Ambashankar, Principal Scientist and
in-charge nutrition group, CIBA said
that the feed with 36 per cent protein
and an impressive feed conversion ratio
(FCR) along with a proven cost
advantage could be popularise among
the small and medium scale feed mills
across major shrimp farming areas in
the country.
Source : Business Line
ARTICLE
*Assistant Professor, SKUAST-J, Jammu
**SMS, Parbhani Veterinary College, Maharashtra
*** Assistant Professor, Vilaspur Veterinary College,
Chhattisgarh

15
Livestock feed will surpass biofuels as
the main source of growth in global
grain consumption in the next 10 years
as emerging countries consume more
animal protein while lower oil prices
and policy changes end a decade of
high demand for crop-based biofuel,
the FAO and OECD said recently.
In their annual Agricultural Outlook
report, the United Nations Food and
Agriculture Organization and the
Organisation for Economic Cooperation
and Development confirmed a broad
trend already projected last year of
more moderate food commodity prices
due to production gains and less
vigorous demand.
Prices of all major agricultural products
are set to decrease in real terms over
2015-2024, although they will remain
above levels seen before a surge in
2007-2008 that heralded a period of
high volatility, the report said.
Report projects raise in global grain
demand for Livestock feed
“The major changes in demand are in
developing countries," the report said.
"Rising incomes prompt consumers to
diversify their diets by increasing their
consumption of animal protein relative
to starches."
Animal feed demand would account for
70 percent of growth in world
consumption of coarse grains - mainly
corn (maize) - in the next 10 years,
double its share in the previous decade
when it lagged the near 40 percent
contribution of biofuels.
Coarse grains would in turn represent
more than half of an expected rise of
390 million tonnes to 2.8 billion tonnes
in global use of cereals, which are the
most consumed category of agricultural
product, the report said.
The need for more livestock feed would
also spur extra demand for oilseeds, led
by soybeans, that yield relatively high-
protein meal. This could benefit Brazil
in particular, which has land resources
to expand its soy production.
Brazil was also tipped to see significant
growth in biofuel use, as the
government encouraged further
ethanol blending, in contrast to a
slowing trend in the United States and
Europe.
In trade terms, exports would remain
dominated by a small group of
countries, with South American
producers notably expected to help
meet protein demand in Asia.
Source: Reuters
INDUSTRY NEWS

16
INTERVIEW Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 9 | July 2016
emin Industries has 8 production facilities and 6
R&D facilities across the globe, the company
Kmanufactures over 500 specialty ingredients for
animal health and nutrition, pet food technologies and
personal care segment.Situated next to poultry hub of
India in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Kemin India has recently
expanded its facility to 42000 sq. ft including state-of-
the-art R&D lab in 15000 sq. ft with an investment of
USD 1.4 million.
The production facility of the company is located in
Gumidipoondi area near Chennai, producing 24000 tonnes
of feed nutritional ingredients. The company is operating
with a team strength of 450 professionals, handling raw
material sourcing to production and sales, the company is
serving the customers in best possible manner.
Humble Beginning
The company started with a humble beginning in 1961,
when founders RW & Mary Nelson invested their
savings of USD 10000 in the business and has built
Kemin Industries as a global organization around the
world present in all the continents and providing value
in the food, feed & health businesses. The Indian direct
operation began from 1997 and the availability of
Marigold flowers in India was the sole reason for Kemin
worldwide to look at India at first and later realizing the
market opportunities in the animal nutrition has
Expanding up its
production and R&D
facility, Kemin Industries
South Asia (Kemin India),
Indian subsidiary of
nutritional ingredient
manufacturer from US
(Kemin Industries) is well
positioned to serve
Indian and Indian sub
continent market that is
poised for a rapid growth.
Think Grain Think Feed
got an opportunity to
interact with the captains
of the ship about
company's growth,
challenges in the industry
and way forward.
Delivering science
with innovative molecules

17
strategically entered the poultry
business and made in roads to success
and never looked back. Samraj
Jeychandran, Sr. Vice President, one of
the key founding members has stated
that innovation, differentiation and
value addition provided through a small
core group early on has made Kemin
what it is in current decade.
When Kemin entered in India,
customers were using traditional
feeding systems and the company put
all its efforts to partner with the
industry, educate them and share its
international expertise. In last 10 years,
with adopting international technology
Indian poultry industry has seen
progressive growth which has resulted
in improved quality, efficiency, cost and affordable
protein availability. Today, Kemin India is achieving an
impressive growth of 33 percent p.a. and aiming to
reach a revenue of INR 500 crore by 2018.
Kemin Industries globally is a 650 million company and
Animal nutrition division is contributing 55 percent of
Kemin business worldwide. The company operates in 90
countries with manufacturing facilities in China, India,
Brazil, Belgium, Italy, Singapore, South Africa and United
States, with its corporate headquarters in Des Moines,
Iowa.
Sharing the vision of company, G S Ramesh, President
and CEO, Kemin South Asia says,“we at Kemin strive to
improve the quality of life by touching half the people
of the world every day with our products and services.
We are measuring it every day and currently we have
touched 3 billion people i.e. closer to our vision of
touching 3.7 Billion by 2018. That would be a 1st phase
of our vision.”
"On worldwide level, Kemin Industries is planning to
invest more in sustainably growing plant resources and
manage natural resources. Year on year, the company is
transiting toward plant resources like 5 years ago less
than 20% of products used to come from plant sources
and today it is 36%. We are consistently increasing the
proportion of plant sources in our products to ensure
the sustainable growth, while delivering better quality,
better performance and overall benefits to the
customers," he adds.
Customer satisfaction has always been a priority for
Kemin Industries. "The company organizes workshops
and other training programs to upgrade its customer
about nutrition and technology and act in partnership
with its customers to fulfill their expectations while
achieving mutually profitable results," states Samraj.
Sharing his experience with the company, Samraj feels
L-R: Dr. Haridasan Chirakkal, G S Ramesh, George Joseph & Samraj Jeychandran
Kemin Industries South Asia

18
INTERVIEW
as good as an entrepreneur who has
seen the company starting from scratch
back in 1998 and its growth all over the
years. He is enjoying every single
minute of the mission to provide local
innovative nutritional and health
solutions for a changing world.
Raw Material-Universal Problem
Availability of traditional raw materials
on affordable prices and quality
alternatives is a big issue for the Indian
feed industry. In the past decade, the
industry has understood the
importance of quality inputs for
producing quality products. Samraj
points out,"availability of corn and soya
at an affordable cost is a universal
problem. Research on alternate raw
material has reached a high level now.
India is blessed with a plethora of
alternate raw materials like guar based
products, DDGS, meat and bone meal,
sunflower meal etc. The issue faced is
consistency in quality and
specifications. Most consumers cannot
analyze these raw materials and are
skeptical in adding the same in higher
levels. The manufacturers need to
improve the quality and provide
consistency in the protein levels,
declare digestible levels and make sure
they are pathogen and contamination
free. In addition to these issues, the
yield per hectare of our crops is way
behind the international levels. Most
countries in the world are using GMO
crops and the governmental authorities
can look into this direction and help
farmers improve their production and
yield."
Future Prospects
In last 3 decades, shifting of 100 percent mash feed to
present 80% pellet feed signifies the upgraded level of
the nutritional knowledge among the Indian industry. If
cattle and layer industry in India shift to compound
feed, then the country needs to produce 80-90 MMT
compound feed annually. Right now the total
compound feed produced in whole of South Asia is just
30 MMT annually.
“We might compare the body weight and FCR of our
birds to that of international standards but industry still
have a long way to go to ensure profitability to
producer and affordable price to consumer," says Samraj
Jeychandran.
"Advanced technologies have demonstrated a high
efficiency feed with 80-90 percent throughput, better
quality and integrity of feed to reduce the wastage of
plant bringing more profitability to the producers,"
shares GS Ramesh.
We have a specialized team who works in Product
Application Division (PAD) and suggest and inspire them
for using better technology and also tune-fine the plant
operation,he adds.
Right Science
The right science and deep research are the keys to
developing products that can be better utilized in the
animal system. Dr. Haridasan Chirakkal who heads the
R&D division of Kemin South Asia shares about the
recent technologies that are patented by Kemin and its
role in bringing better efficiency and profitability in the
industry.
Encapsulation, incidentally, is the core technology of
Kemin, which includes, proteins, amino acids, fats. In
addition to these, company also produces chelated
minerals, antioxidants, vitamin mixes, toxin binders,
antibiotics and probiotics.
The company has recently patented its technology of
new Liquid Bio Surfactant LBS ( Liquid Bio Surfactant)

19
which transforms the application process by directly
dosing the bio-surfactant into the oil and fat application
line. It is a naturally derived liquid bio-surfactant, mixing
it with the oil and fats early enhances its efficacy and
helps to standardize the energy value of the oil and
hence improves the digestion and absorption of
nutrients in feed.
"Traditionally bio-surfactants are added in dry form to
the mixer with other feed raw materials. Their benefits to
improve lipid digestion are well known. Consequently,
the addition of a bio-surfactant leads to a better
utilisation of the energy from feed raw materials,
resulting in improved feed conversion ratios, lower
production costs and improved profitability,"explains Dr.
Haridasan.
"SLA i.e. slow release amylase isanothertechnology
which comes under the same principle of delivering
nutrients in encapsulated form to make these to release
slowly in the GI tract or bypass rumen. This helps in the
greater absorption of nutrients, as the nutrient in
question gets more time to be in touch with the
intestinalmucosa/ villae," Dr. Chirakkal adds.
Automation is the key
The company started with manual operations to
produce the product portfolio in India. To be in tune
with times and to increase the plant operational
efficiencies, and responding to the aggressive growth of
the company, the immediate goal is to bring complete
automation in the plant.
"Pertaining to strong growth of 30 percent on yearly
basis, large scale automation is introduced in the
operations which is expected to complete by the year
end which would cover operations right from the
reception of the raw materials up to packaging.
Automation offers multiple benefits that would result in
greater efficiency of the operations and tremendous
increase in the quantum of the product and thus,
contributing to the overall growth of the company," says
George Joseph , Vice President Operations, Kemin South
Asia.
The company uses best system in the world to produce
nutritional ingredients and has been strictly tracking
Raw material risk assessment (RMRA) that ensures the
processes used in supplier products comply with the
company requirement to deliver the quality product.
"As an international company, we ensure that the
production facility operates with highest quality
standards. We maintain EU standards which in itself
states the produced quality. At the same time we also
focus on best delivery that may even cross the quality
standards. As in case of dust level in air, allowed dust the
level in production facility is 5 mg/cu air and we aim to
reach 3mg/cu air," he adds.
Way forward
The industry should focus on step
ahead to tackle emerging challenges
like detecting sources of new chemical
or biological contaminants. Industry
needs fastest approach to help to
develop more effective elimination
strategies. Feed safety is a journey that
will lead to safe and wholesome protein
availability at affordable prices.
"Looking ahead, the industry has to
focus on long term sustainability. As
safety regulations in the country are
not up to the mark, but when borders
will start getting thinner, then more
food will start coming from outside of
the country. Are we ready to face the
competition which can claim their food
safe and produced in an efficient way?,"
says GS Ramesh.
"The Indian industry should prepare
itself for future challenges. Get more
awareness about the sustainable raw
material and manage quality and safety
systems in food. We have started in the
right direction but there is a long way
to go," concludes Mr. GS Ramesh.

20
Azolla Microphylla :
A Potential Feed
for Livestock
Anupam Chatterjee, A. Goswami & A. Mohammad
National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani
onventional sources of feeds
are not enough to mitigate the
Cshortage of feeds and fodder
and to make animal production viable
and profitable in tropical countries.
India had 70 million hectares under
grassland in the year 1947 has reduced
to 38 million hectares today. As a
result, the net deficit of green fodder is
around 60 percent, apart from the feed
deficit of around 64 percent. In order to
bridge this gap and to ensure optimum
production of livestock throughout the
year, we have to make greater use of
non-conventional feed resources as
supplement or replacement of
conventional feed, but without
compromising the quality of nutrient
supply. The supplementary resources in
India also include aquatic macrophytes
which have rich nutrients and mineral
profile.
Throughout the world, and particularly
in Asia, farmers have harvested
naturally produced aquatic plants for a
number of purposes including animal feed, green
manure and for their family feed resources. The best
known among these include the free floating plants;
water lettuce (Pistia), water hyacinth (Eichhcornia),
duckweed (Lemna) and Azolla and some bottom
growing plants. In recent years, Azolla has attracted the
attention of scientists as a feed resource for livestock
and even called it as Green gold mine or super plant
due to its high nutritive value and faster growth.
THE FERN- AZOLLA
Azolla (mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, and
water fern) is a small free floating aquatic fern native to
Asia, Africa, and America. Azolla is a genus of six
species of aquatic ferns, the only genus in the family
Azollaceae. It grows naturally in stagnant water in
drains, canals, ponds, rivers and water bodies including
marshy lands. Out of the six species, Azolla pinnata and
Azolla micrphylla are common in Indian subcontinent.
Azolla microphylla is reported to be most suitable for
livestock feeding.
Azolla leaf consists of two lobes, an aerial dorsal lobe,
which is chlorophyllous, and a partially submerged
ventral lobe. Each dorsal lobe contains a leaf cavity,
which houses the symbiotic Anabaena azollae. The fern
ARTICLE

21
Azolla has a symbiotic blue green algae
Anabaena azollae, which is responsible
for the fixation and assimilation of
atmospheric nitrogen. This fact makes
the Azolla tend to contain relatively
high levels of nitrogen and be an
attractive protein source for animal
feed, not only the livestock and poultry
but also in aquaculture species. Azolla,
in turn, provides the carbon source and
favorable environment for the growth
and development of the BGA symbiont.
METHODS OF AZOLLA PRODUCTION
Several methods of Azolla production
had been explored like in cement tubs,
permanent concrete tanks, natural water
bodies, brick-lined or semi grounded
brick-lined pits etc. However, for better
productivity and less weed infestation,
the grounded pits and brick-lined raised
pits are advisable for the farmers. Semi
grounded and semi grounded brick-
lined pits are even better.
NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF
AZOLLA
The variations in the nutrient
composition of Azolla is due to
differences in the response of Azolla
strains to environmental conditions
which consequently affect their growth,
morphology and chemical composition.
The macronutrient composition of Azolla
microphylla based on last five years
study at NDRI, Kalyani is listed in Table 2.
Among different Azolla strains, Azolla microphylla has
been found to be the best source of amino acids so best
used as animal feed. Lysine, arginine, isoleucine, leucine,
phenylalanine, glycine and valine have been reported to
be predominant amino acids in Azolla.
In general Azolla was reported to be rich in mineral
profile, the fern was found to be a rich source of
calcium, phosphorous, potassium, manganese, copper,
magnesium and zinc. It has been found a very good
source of essential fatty acids like Lenolenic Acid and
several antioxidants. On fresh material, the carotene
content ranged from 206 to 619 mg/kg on dry matter
(DM) basis. Some anti nutritional factors like nitrate and
polyphenol have also been found, but are within
Table 1: AZOLLA CULTIVATION (method used by NDRI)
! Bed preparation :
and make the floor of pit even by removing any roots and other plants
! Pit formation : By earth cutting or with the help of bricks make artificial
tank of 20-30 cm height
! Spreading of sheet : Spread out silpauline sheet (or other good quality
polythene sheet) of suitable size (for e.g. 15 x12 ft size for a pit of 12 feet x
9 ft) evenly without any holes and fix the edges either with mud or bricks
! Soil bed : Pour approx 30-35 kg (@ 3-3.5 kg/ sq. m.) of sieved fertile soil
or make a soil bed of 1 to 2 cm thick evenly
! Pouring of slurry : Around 3 kg (@ 300 g/sq.m. pit size) cow dung (about
3 days old) and 80-90 g (@ 8-9 g/sq. m. pit size) of Single Super
Phosphate (SSP) mixed in 10-15 litres of water to make slurry and poured
into the pit
! Adding water and Azolla culture : Add water in pit up to height of about
10 -12 cm and around 1 Kg of fresh and pure Azolla microphylla culture
may be added
! Periodical Input : To sustain the production of Azolla, around 250-300
g/sq.m. cow dung and 8-9 g/sq. m. of SSP should be added once every
week. Micronutrient mix containing magnesium, iron, copper etc. can also
be added at weekly interval (@ 10-15 g/ bed
! Water Replacement : 25 to 30 % of the water needs to be replaced with
fresh water once every 15-20 days to prevent nitrogen build up in the pit
! Soil Replacement : Around 10 kg bed soil should be replaced with fresh
soil, once in 30 days to avoid nitrogen build up and prevent micro-
nutrient deficiency
! Cleaning of Pit : In case of severe weed/pest attack or in every six months
routine, the pits should be cleaned & new Azolla microphylla culture has
to be inoculated
! Yield of Azolla : Under optimum maintenance and climatic condition
Azolla grows rapidly and fill the pit within 10-15 days and thereafter the
yield of Azolla is around 200-250 g/ sq m/day or 20 -25 qtl /ha/day
! Harvesting of Azolla : From a 10 sq. m. pit 2-2.5 kg Azolla can be
harvested daily. Wash properly with water to get rid of foul smell of cow
dung if any and then offer to the animals mixed with concentrate or
roughage
Select a pit size of around 10 sq. Meter* (12 feet x 9 ft)

22
ARTICLE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 9 | July 2016
acceptable range.
FEEDING OF AZOLLA TO DIFFERENT
LIVESTOCK SPECIES
Poultry/Ducks
White Leghorn females fed commercial
poultry feed supplemented with fresh
Azolla at levels of 5 % grew faster than
the control group. Fresh Azolla can
partially replace whole soya beans up
to a level of about 20% of the total
crude protein in diets of fattening
ducks without any adverse effects on
growth rate or health. The birds that
received normal feed with 5% extra
supplementation of Azolla showed
10–12% increase in the total body
weight. Dietary inclusion of sun dried
Azolla up to 5% levels had no adverse
effect on production performance of
broiler chicken. The feed cost per kg
gain is reduced and net profit per bird
being higher.
Fish
Azolla is an appropriate supplemental
feed for herbivorous fish such as tilapia
(O. niloticus). Some trials have shown
that tilapia can consume azolla @50 -
80% of their weight per day. Azolla
meal protein can replace up to 100% of
the soybean meal protein in diet of
black tiger shrimp without any adverse
effect. Low cost feed has been
formulated using Azolla as a protein
supplement in extensive system of fish rearing. Azolla
based diets have given quite encouraging results when
fed to juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica).
Cattle & Buffalo
Feeding of Azolla after replacing 50% of groundnut cake
nitrogen, improved growth performance of buffalo
calves. Feed conversion efficiency and economics of
feeding was significantly improved. Dried Azolla meal
has been reported to replace about 25 per cent of the
total protein in the concentrate mixture without any
adverse effect. In a field trial an overall increase of milk
yield of about 15 percent has been observed when 1.5 -
2 kg of fresh Azolla per day was combined with regular
feed.
At NDRI , Kalyani series of feeding trials show
! Supplementation of fresh Azolla @ 2kg
/day/animal caused an increase in milk yield by
11.2% and FCM yield by 12.5% in Jersey cross bred
cows without any adverse effect on milk
composition
! Supplementation of dried Azolla microphylla meal
to male jersey cross bred calves @ 60 g / animal
(equivalent to 1 kg fresh azolla) replacing 10 % of
concentrate mixture caused an increase in growth
rate by around 9 %. The feed conversion efficiency
and Feed conversion ratio have also improved
significantly
! Supplementing fresh Azolla microphylla to cross
bred heifers @ 1.5 kg /animal replacing equivalent
weight of concentrate mixture on DM basis
significantly improved the average growth rate and
feed conversion efficiency by around 15%
In the Eastern part of India fodder cultivation is an
uncommon practice due to lack of land and
fragmentation of land holding. The state like West
Bengal is not having a single large farmer in terms of
land holding. Farmers usually utilize their cropping land
for food crop cultivation. As a result in many cases the
animals are not offered any cultivated green roughages
in their ration. With growing human population and
decreasing size of arable land, the fodder shortage is
going to be very alarming in coming years. Under such
circumstance Azolla can serve well as it can be grown by
minimum input of labour or land throughout the year
and can supply at least some green feed to the animals.
Azolla can serve as a potential alternative nutrient
supplement for the Livestock for the improvement of
productivity in terms of growth, milk, meat etc with high
economic efficiency.
Table 2: Nutrient composition of Azolla microphylla
Parameter (%DM) Range Mean ± SE
Organic Matter (OM) 81.13-79.13 79.79±0.43
Crude protein (CP) 20.02 -29.24 25.63±0.40
Ether Extract (EE) 3.22-4.6 4.12±0.19
Crude Fibre (CF) 11.25-14.65 12.45±0.37
Total Ash (TA) 18.87-26.39 20.21±0.40
Acid Insoluble Ash (AIA) 3.35-5.22 4.02±0.29
Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) 31.5-44.64 37.57±0.34
Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) 45.2-48.5 46.89±0.76
Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) 31.4-36.25 33.81±0.64
Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) 7.9-11.07 10.11±0.59
Cellulose 13.2-19.23 16.02±1.2
Hemi Cellulose 9.01-17.09 12.30±0.87
Non structural carbohydrate (NSC) 21.6-27.09 23.68±0.68

23
Disruptions in Feed Grain Supply
to effect Asian Feed industry
Asian millers that churn out animal feed
are expected to face a squeeze in
supplies of key ingredients corn and
soymeal in coming weeks as heavy
rains disrupt shipments from major
exporter Argentina.
Cargoes from the South American
nation have been facing delays for the
past few weeks due to strong rainfall,
but millers have been able to operate
using exports that were already en
route and inventory, according to trade
sources.
But as those stocks dwindle, Asian feed
makers are set to feel the pinch from
tightening supply, likely boosting
benchmark prices already driven up by
unfavourable crop conditions in South
America.
Chicago soymeal futures have surged
more than 50 percent since early April,
while corn has jumped by about a
quarter.
“I think the real tightness in supplies
will come from July onwards,” said a
trading manager with an international
trading company in Singapore.
“The situation seems to be improving
slightly in recent days but even if a boat
leaves today, it will take 45 days to get
to Southeast Asia.”
Vietnam and South Korea are likely to
be worst-hit in the region by tightness
in corn supplies as they depend heavily
on South American feed materials,
traders said.
South Korea is the world's third-largest
importer of corn, buying about 10
million tonnes a year. Vietnam has seen
a more than six-fold jump in its
purchases of the grain to 7.3 million
tonnes in 2015/16 from four years
earlier, according to U.S. Department of
Agriculture data.
For soymeal, buyers in Asia account for
almost 30 percent of global imports.
“Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines
will not be impacted that much as far as
corn is concerned because they have all
been trying to replace corn with feed
wheat,” a second Singapore trader said.
“But for meal, I think everyone will take
a hit.” In the past, Asian feed grain
importers turned to India for corn and
soymeal purchases when South
American supply was low. But the South
Asian nation has been absent from the
international market for the past few
years amid growing local consumption.
The shipping disruptions follow on top
of unseasonal downpours in April
hitting the soy crop in Argentina, the
world's biggest exporter of soymeal,
while drought cut corn output in Brazil,
the No.2 producer of that grain.
Source : Financial Express
INDUSTRY NEWS

24
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 9 | July 2016INNOVATION
ivestock feeding is an important aspect of dairy
business and it plays very important role in milk
Lproduction and profitability of dairy farming. An
estimated 70 percent of the total cost of milk
production is contributed by feed. Imbalanced feeding
adversely impacts not only the health and productivity
of animals but also affects income from milk production.
Feeding of dairy animals in rural areas face common
challenges like:
a) Feeding with locally available fodder which are of 2-
3 type.
b) Imbalance feeding of dairy animals, sometimes
there is excess/deficiency of one ingredient or
another.
c) Nutrition requirements estimation based on status
of animals. The feed and fodder requirements of
pregnant animal, milking animals are different and
it also depends on milk production of cattle.
d) Availability of advice for balanced animal feeding.
These all factors leads to less milk production and high
cost of production. This has major impact on
profitability and sustainability of dairy farming by
smallholders.
In order to overcome these issues, NDDB has started
Ration Balancing Program . The objectives of this
program is to produce optimum quantity of milk at the
least cost from dairy animals by using locally available
feed ingredients.
The Ration Balancing Program model:
NDDB has developed user friendly software for ration
balancing. The local resource persons (LRP) hired by the
implementing agency. The LRPs are local youth which are trained
by NDDB to use the ration balancing software and consult dairy
farmers at their door step.
The responsibilities of the LRP are:
! Participate in Ration Balancing training.
! Conduct village awareness programme.
! Ear tag the identified animals.
! Record animal wise information required to balance the ration
and recommend the ration.
! Re-record information of every animal after every 3-4 weeks
interval and re-recommend the balanced ration.
! Cross check the information provided by farmers.
! Ensure feeding of least cost balanced ration by the farmers.
The advantages of the Ration Balancing Program are:
! Use of locally available resources which provide balanced
ration at least cost.
! Increased milk production
! Improved animal health and better growth rate
! Net increase in income and profitability of dairy farmers
The NDDB has also launched a mobile applicationnamed 'Pashu
Poshan', to recommend a balanced diet for cows and buffaloes
to help boost dairy farmers' income by raising milk yield and
cutting feed cost.
Source: NDDB & Economics Times
The National Dairy Plan (NDP) - I plan to cover about 2.7
million milch animals in 40,000 villages using about 40,000
local resource persons (LRPs) who would be identified, trained
and supervised by existing dairy cooperatives and producer
companies.
Ration Balancing
Program by NDDB - Innovation
in Livestock Feeding
Dr. Ankaj Sharma, Creative Agri Solutions

Abhijeet Banerjee, Religare Commodities
26
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 9 | July 2016ARTICLE
emand for water has been
rising since last few decades
mainly due to expandingDagriculture, increasing population,
growing industrialization, and rising
standards of living. A normal monsoon
phase has a significant positive impact
on the agricultural sector and lives
dependent on it, hence the nation's
GDP. The IMD has forecast for above
normal monsoon earlier this month,
with country as a whole expected to
receive good rainfall.
The monsoon has been poor in last two
years thus increasing prices of essential
commodities like pulses and
vegetables. Since prices of Agro
commodities go up during water crisis
or drought situations, the animal feed
industry also suffers. A drought in India
generally creates a shortage of coarse
grains used in animal feed, resulting in
feed shortage or increase in import
demand. Traditionally, India exports
corn and meal to Southeast Asia.
However, growing demand for poultry
and dairy products has enhanced the
domestic usage and country's export
share of feed ingredients has already
reduced drastically.
A poor crop outlook for coarse cereals also results in
reducing the fodder supply. This situation may force
government to allow import of fodder in order to meet
the deficit. As a result, the country's import bill increases
and adversely affects its economic growth.
Monsoon forecast
As per weather reports the Southwest Monsoon had hit
the coasts of Kerala on 8 June against the earlier
estimated date of 7 June. Till now it has covered
Southern, Eastern and Central part of India. Rainfall
across the country for the current season (11 June-21
June) was 25% less compared to normal rainfall of
90mm, but the deficit had reduced to 9 percent in
recent weeks. All in all, the IMD has forecasted that the
country will receive above-normal rainfall, or 106% of
LPA for the current season. While expecting overall
monsoon to be better than normal in the current year,
the government is targeting a record foodgrain
production of 270.10 million tonnes in 2016-17.
It may be noted that the Southwest Monsoon was
below normal in 2015 and because of the El Nino effect,
therefore rainfall across the nation was poor. The impact
of El Nino began in April 2015 and reached its peak in
December 2015. The impact started declining thereafter
and became moderate in early April this year, finally
weakening by early May.
According to The India Meteorological Department, the
monsoon seems to be stuck over a small arc covering
Gujarat and West Rajasthan over the past few days as it
Impact of monsoon
on Indian Feed Industry
Imagesource:ibratasbd

27
waits to run through the last base to
establish coverage over mainland India.
Heavy rain were reported over west
Rajasthan and adjoining Gujarat during
the first week of July, and the rains were
forecasted to sustain over Central and
adjoining North-West India for the next
few days given the presence of helpful
atmospheric systems (low-pressure
areas and other circulations). The
Department also projected heavy to
very heavy rain over at a few places
over Gujarat, isolated places over east
Rajasthan and west Madhya Pradesh;
heavy at isolated places over Himachal
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, west Rajasthan,
east Madhya Pradesh, Saurashtra and
Kutch for the same period.
Present status of crops
According to the latest update from the
Agriculture Ministry, net cropped area
till 8 July stood at 406.27 lakh hectares
as compared to 431.82 lakh hectares
last year, during the same period. The
details of area covered so far and its
comparison to last year is shown in
Table1.
As per recently released reports from
the USDA, Indian oilmeal export in MY
2016/17 is forecast to rise moderately
versus last year, i.e. from 1.3 MMT to 2.6
MMT, assuming normal market
conditions. Indian oilmeal production in
MY 2016/17 is expected to recover to a
more normal level of 15.4 MMT.
Similarly corn production for MY 2015/16 remains
unchanged at 21 MMT based on the reports of good
harvest of Rabi corn in the eastern states. Based on the
Crop Year 2016-17 Year 2015-16
Rice 81.93 77.31
Pulses 45.94 36.44
Coarse Cereals 75.02 77.80
Oilseeds 82.28 101.15
Sugarcane 45.78 43.68
Jute & Mesta 7.43 7.61
Cotton 67.89 87.83
Total 406.27 431.82
Table 1: Area sown in Lakh hectares
recent MOA's third advance estimate, MY 2014/15
sorghum and millet (largely Kharif crops) production
estimate has been revised lower on lower acreage and
yields. Sorghum production is estimated at 5.5 million
tonnes versus 4.6 million tonnes in 2014-15.
The monsoon rains are important for 55 percent of
Indian farmland that does not have irrigation area and is
considered deficient. The four-month season accounts
for 75 percent of India's annual rainfall and roughly 50
percent of that is usually delivered in June and July. Till
now the weather department has projected a better
monsoon year for 2016, but it will be too early to arrive
at any conclusion. It will take few more weeks at least to
assess the monsoon situation. Better monsoon
performance will be beneficial to the Animal feed
industry on the whole offsetting the requirements of the
domestic feed industry and adding value to the
country's trade bill in terms of export of feed raw
materials. The government should carefully monitor the
monsoon performance for next couple of months, and
respond promptly, in case of any adverse situations.
Feed
Raw
Material
2016-17 Production
Projections
Metric Tonnes)
(Million
2015-16 Production
Estimate
Metric Tonnes)
(Million
Oilmeals 15.4 13.8
Maize 21 21
Rice 105 103.5
Wheat 88 88
Jowar 5.5 4.6
Source: USDA
Feed
Raw
Material
2016-17 Export
Projections (Million
Metric Tonnes)
2015-16 Export
Estimate (Million
Metric Tonnes)
Oilmeals 2.6 1.3
Maize 0.5 0.5
Rice 9 8.5
Wheat 1 0.4
Jowar 0.05 0.10
Source: USDA
Table 2: Production Projections
Table 3: Export Projections

28
EVENT COVERAGE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 9 | July 2016
Sustainability and safety of feed
and food along the value chain
Feed and food industry and private
sector operators, governmental officers,
scientific and technical experts from
around the world came together to
discuss on the needs to ensure
sustainability and safety of the food we
eat or provide to our animals.
The critical issues facing the agri-food
chain were discussed at the 5th Global
Feed & Food Congress (GFFC),
organized by the International Feed
Industry Federation (IFIF) in
cooperation with the European Feed
Manufacturers' Federation (FEFAC) and
hosted by the Turkish Feed
Manufacturers' Association (TÜRKÝYEM-
BÝR), with technical support provided by
FAO.
Ms Yuriko Sojin, Head, FAO Sub-
regional Office for Central Asia pointed
out in welcome speech, what a great
opportunity the congress was “to
address together some of the
challenges of the livestock, feed and
food sectors. The effective engagement
of the private sector can help the fight
against hunger and malnutrition, which
are in the forefront of FAO mandate.”
Addressing the overall theme 'Equity
and Prosperity for All - The Future', a
high level panel of speakers brought
together.
Speaking in front of 900 international
delegates, the panellists discussed the
current state of the feed and food
industries, as well as the most
important challenges that lie ahead for
the sector. The discussion touched on
critical issues facing the agri-food chain,
including sustainability, how to drive
and finance innovation, the importance
of a balanced regulatory framework,
technology transfer and capacity
development as well as free and fair
trade.
The congress provided critical insight
into the sustainability challenge of the
feed and food value chain. Updates and
insights were given on the FAO led
Feed Safety Multi-stakeholder
Partnership, the LEAP Partnership and
the Global Agenda for Sustainable
Livestock. The Congress also drawn
attention to a field of action in the
activities of FAO addressing the
livestock, feed and food sectors: the
fight against antimicrobial resistance.
She highlighted that “The responsible
use of antimicrobials in agriculture, feed
and food production can save lives.”
The Congress was paired by an
International Feed Regulators Meetings
(IFRM), organized by FAO and IFIF, a
meeting that provides yearly an
opportunity for feed regulators and
industry professionals from across the
globe to exchange ideas and
information, to address common
challenges and to discuss concrete
proposals to provide safe feed and food
in a sustainable manner around the
world. The topics discussed included:
! Feed related updates in the Codex
Alimentarius and the necessity for
the feed sector to approach the
food sector for addressing feed
safety
! Update on the IFIF Convergence
Project, which aims towards
convergence of technical
requirements specific to feed
additive/ingredient authorization
across regions
! The outcomes of the FAO/WHO
Expert Meeting on Hazards
Associated with Animal Feed and
the Feed Safety
! The need for risk assessments and
scientific knowledge on feed and
feed technologies
! The state of feed legislations and
the needs for regulatory
frameworks
Joel Newman, IFIF Chairman was
“delighted that many world regions and
key regulatory bodies were represented
at the 9th IFRM and that this meeting
yet again proved an important
opportunity for the global feed industry
and feed regulators to discuss key
issues for the feed and food chain. We
believe that only by working together
can we continue to ensure feed and
food safety, while meeting the global
demands for food sustainably.”
Daniela Battaglia, Livestock
Development Officer at FAO concluded:
“The success of this meeting is a proof
that FAO efforts to facilitate dialogue
between the public and private sector
are worthwhile. Feed operators can
valuably contribute to make the
livestock and food sectors more
responsible and sustainable and to
achieve other important goals such as
food security, public health, and animal
health and welfare.”

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 2 | Issue 9 | July 2016CALENDAR OF EVENTS
30
2016
To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at
editor@benisonmedia.com
AGRENA 2016
Date: 6-8 October 2016
Venue: Cairo International Conference Center, Egypt
Email: info@agrena.net
Web: www.agrena.net
Layer Feed Quality Conference
Venue: Jakarta, Indonesia
Email: events@asian-agribiz.com
Web: www.asian-agribiz.com
Vietstock
Venue: Saigon Exhibition & Convention Center (SECC,
HCMC, Vietnam
Email: vietstock@ubm.com
Web: www.vietstock.org
OCTOBER
Oilseed and Grain Trade Summit
Date: 14-16 November 2016
Venue: Hyatt Regency, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Email: ogts-info@highquestgroup.com
Web: www.oilseedandgrain.com
EuroTier
Venue: Hanover, Germany
Email: expo@dlg.org
Web: www.eurotier.com
Poultry India
Venue: HITEX, Exhibition Centre, Hyderabad, India
Email: info@poultryindia.co.in
Web: www.poultryindia.co.in
NOVEMBER
CLFMA Symposium
Date: 2-3 September 2016
Venue: Kolkata, India
Email: clfmaindia@gmail.com
Web: www.clfmaofindia.org
VIV China
Venue: Shunyi District Beijing, China
Email: wang.yunyun@vip.163.com
Web: www.vivchina.nl
SPACE
Venue: Rennes Exhibition Centre, France
Email: am.quemener@space.fr, info@space.fr
SEPTEMBER
Indo Livestock 2016 Expo & Forum
Date: 27-29 July 2016
Venue: Jakarta Convention Center - Indonesia
Email: info@indolivestock.com
Web: www.indolivestock.com
JULY
Broiler Feed Quality Conference
Date: 18-19 August 2016
Venue: Bangkok, Thailand
Email: events@asian-agribiz.com
Web: www.asian-agribiz.com
GrainTech India
Date: 26-28 August 2016
Venue: Bangalore International Exhibition Centre
(BIEC), Bangalore, India
Email: graintechindia@gmail.com
Web: www.graintechindia.com
AUGUST

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