Think grain think feed march 2019

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Volume 5 | Issue 05
March-2019

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Marketing &
Designing
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Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale
Former Chairman, CLFMA of India
Mr. Amit Sachdev
Indian Representative, US Grain Council
Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand
US Soybean Export Council
Dr. Suhas Amrutkar
Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition,
MAFSU, Parbhani
Dr. SN Mohanty
Former Principal Scientist, CIFA
Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta
Agricultural Economist
Dr. Swamy Haladi
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Managing Editor
Dr. T.K. Walli
Former Head,
Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
EDITORIAL
uring the last few decades, antibiotics
are being used as traditional strategy
Dfor improving the gut health of poultry
and fish, in orderto keep the diseases off the gut
and thereby, improvement the growth and feed
conversion efficiency of these species. Considering the risk
ofdevelopment and spread of antimicrobial resistance through the
indiscriminate use of antibiotics, there has been heightened research
interest in looking for alternative feed supplements, which could
improve gut health, and thereby result in better growth and feed
conversions, especially in poultry and fishes.One such effective and an
alternative feed supplement happens to be Prebiotics, which have a
great potential to improve the growth of desirable gut
microorganisms,like bacteria and fungi, and therefore, result in better
gut health in these animal species.Prebiotics are oligo saccharides e.g.
Mono Oligisaccharides (MOS), as feed additives induces the growth or
activity of beneficial microorganisms in the gut.The gut microflora of
fishes can be considered as an “Extra Organ”, owing to its important role
on growth, development, health, immunity and intestinal development
(Dehler et al, 2017).
The gut immune system is influenced by many factors, including
dietary components and commensal bacteria. Nutrients that affect gut
immunity and strategies that restore a healthy gut microbial community
by affecting the microbial composition are being developed as new
therapeutic approaches to treat several inflammatory diseases.
Probiotics (live microorganisms) and prebiotics (food components) have
shown promise as treatments for several diseases in both clinical and
animal studies. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind
the direct and indirect effects on the gut immune response will facilitate
better and possibly more efficient therapy for gut diseases. In fact,
prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics have been shown through the
most recently well-established scientific findingsthat these exert
influence through direct and indirect mechanisms, by which these can
have favourable effect on gut immunity. A unique relationship does exist
between the diet, the microbiota, and the gut immune system. Through
recent genetic studies conducted at NIANP, Bangalore(Kolte, et al, 2018),
it has been shown that prebiotics feed additive as Mono Oligo
saccharide, when given at 1 per cent of the diet to fresh water fishes,
Lebofimbriatus, can stimulate and manipulate the gut immune response.
In fact, farming of Lebofimbriatusis an emerging commercial activity and
a recent phenomena in fresh water aquaculture sector in India,
Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan and Myanmar, whose production can be
further enhanced through the use of Prebiotic MOS, offering the
multiple benefits of providing an alternative to antimicrobials and
resulting in better gut health, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency.
Similar benefits could be accrued by using the Prebiotic MOS in poultry
feed industry as well.
TK Walli
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
Circulation & Subscription Head
Ramesh Kumar
Prebiotics: An alternative
for antimicrobials
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Prachi Arora |
Monthly Magazine for Feed & Feed Technology
Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015
Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial
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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
05
INTERVIEW
EXPERT ADVICE
ARTICLE
INDUSTRY NEWS
Title Image Source: NutraIngredients-USA
EVENT COVERAGE
- 30
06Study on effect of herbal products and
ginger powder on heat-stressed Layers
China February soybean imports
fall to four-year low
Strategies to improve
feed efficiency
08
High performance bugs breeding
for animal feed
Expansion plans of
IB Group
14
12
Ellagitannins with SCFA for improved
performance of poultry
Organic acids in aquafeeds - A sustainable
alternative to antibiotics
16 20
21
US soybeans exports to EU
on a 30-year high
Project by South Asia Biotechnology
Centre against Fall Armyworm
22
26
27
Oilmeal exports remain flat in
April-February period
Strategic partnership of Delacon and
Cargill to cater to China market
9th edition of The Feeds & Nutrition
Course By SFR
28
EVENT CALENDAR
UPCOMING
EVENTS
27-30 March
2019
12-14 June
2019

Research states ginger powder and
CHM could be a viable alternative to
the synthetic antibiotic in poultry feed.
Highlights:
! Heat stress is considered as one of
the most vital stressors in poultry
sector.
! Heat stress decreases the feed
intake, egg production rate, egg
mass, and antioxidant activity of
layer hens.
! Ginger powder and Chinese herbal
medicine supplementation
improved the production
performance, serum metabolites
and antioxidant activity of layer
hens.
This study was done to evaluate the
effects of Chinese herbal medicine
(CHM) and ginger powder on layers-
production performance, serum
metabolites and antioxidant status
under heat stress condition.
Two hundred and fifty Lohmann layers were randomly
divided into 5 different, including two controls and three
experimental groups (H1, H2, and H3). Control groups
were fed the basic diet without supplementation, while,
the feed of three experimental groups was supplemented
with 3.32?g CHM, 10?g ginger powder, and 10?g ginger
powder+?3.32?g CHM per kg of diet, respectively.
Results showed that feed consumption and production
rate were decreased in the HC group, while, feed intake
and production significantly improved when birds were
given supplemented diet. The production rate and feed
intake of the H3 group were even significantly higher than
the NC group. The birds that received supplemented diet
had higher glucose level compared to HC. Triglycerides
and serum cholesterol had significantly decreased level in
supplemented groups compared to HC. Fungal catalase
(CAT) level was significantly improved in H2 and H3
groups. Nitric oxide (NO), glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-PX)
and Total Protein (T-AOC) level were significantly
improved in supplemented groups.
Findings showed that ginger powder and CHM could be a
viable alternative to the synthetic antibiotic in poultry
feed.
Study on effect of herbal products and
ginger powder on heat-stressed Layers
R&D
05

INDUSTRY NEWS
06
China's soybean imports in February
fell to their lowest monthly level in four
years, as buying slowed amid
uncertainties over trade relations with
the United States and flat demand for
soymeal, customs data showed.
The world's top buyer of soybeans
brought in 4.46 million tons of the
oilseed in February, according to data
from the General Administration of
Customs. That was down 17 percent
from the same month a year earlier as a
hefty tariff on soybeans from the
United States, China's second-largest
supplier, weighed.
“The low figures were still mainly
because of tariffs on U.S. soybeans,”
said Tian Hao, senior analyst with First
Futures.
“Importers did not buy lots of Brazilian
beans recently either, as they were
waiting to buy U.S. soybeans, amid
optimism of a final Sino-U.S. trade
deal,” Tian said. “What is more, there
were no commercial benefits to bring in
Brazilian soybeans as demand was flat
due to African swine fever outbreaks.”
Chinese buyers had been scooping up
on Brazilian beans but such purchases
have slowed recently as Beijing and
Washington made major progress in trade talks, aimed
at ending a lengthy trade dispute.
The February figures were also 40 percent down from
7.38 million tons in January, the data showed, as
crushers slowed production during the Lunar New Year
holiday. Soybean imports usually ease in the month of
the week-long festival, which fell in early February this
year, as businesses close.
For the first two months of 2019, imports fell to 11.83
million tons, down 15 percent from the same time a
year ago.
Shipments this year have dropped as a highly
contagious African swine fever outbreak has ravaged
the world's largest pig herd, curbing demand for
soybeans for use in animal feed.
China has reported 111 outbreaks of the disease in 28
of its provinces and regions since August 2018.
China typically imports the majority of its oilseeds from
the United States in the fourth quarter and early in the
new year after the U.S. harvest comes to market.
However, buyers have avoided U.S. cargoes because of
tariffs imposed on soybeans amid the ongoing trade
tensions.
The two countries agreed a trade truce on Dec. 1, and
Chinese firms have so far bought about 10 million tons
of U.S. soybeans for delivery in the first months of 2019,
although a 25 percent tariff on U.S. shipments remains
in place.
Source: hellenicshippingnews
China February soybean imports
fall to four-year low
ImageSource:foodbusinessafrica

08
EXPERT ADVICE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
This is a continuation of Feed
Conference coverage and is covering
next two presentations delivered by
eminent speakers – Dr. Pradeep
Krishnan of Evonik SEA and Dr. Chin
How Cheong, a well-renowned poultry
expert in the Asian market.
Getting the best value from feed
ingredients
In the high feed cost environment, it
becomes more relevant for poultry
nutritionists to get the most nutritive
and economic value out of the feed
ingredients in use. However, knowing
how to do this means getting to know
a lot more about the ingredients
being used in diet formulations,
including corn, soy and indeed all raw
materials. Dr. Pradeep Krishnan from
Evonik SEA shared up-to-date
information to ensure that the feed
manufacturer gets such value from
Soybean Meal (SBM).
Ironically most of the population is
residing in East while all the
ingredients making up the feed are
coming from the West. Dr. Krishnan
Strategies to improve
feed efficiency
explained with the example of the corn scenario,
which is such that just three countries are producing
more than 65% of the global corn production and
Soybean meal (SBM) is even worse as ~83% of the
global SBM is produced by three countries.
In support to the above he highlighted, the global
animal protein production scenario is such that more
than 40% is contributed by South-East Asia most of
which is China (illustrated in Image 1). In a nutshell,
animal protein production is mostly in Asia, whereas
the crops are mostly coming from the West.
Though the cost is the biggest factor for changes in
the feed ingredients it cannot be given more
importance than the performance. Dr. Krishnan
outlined the real cost saving is not about changing
the feed ingredients when prices are on a higher side.
If corn prices go up and 3% of corn get replaced with
DDGS, the formulation change can bring a huge
saving of up to INR 300-400 per tonne of feed on
papers, but real cost saving would be understanding
the impact of ingredient change on overall feed
quality aspects like pellet quality and performance.
SBM is the primary protein source used in animal
production, Dr. Krishnan detailed how different origins
and process variation may impact its quality and feed
economics.
He explained even with SBM of the constant protein
ImageSource:DomyInnovationsCafé

09
content of 45-47 percent, there can be
a quite significant difference in the ash
content, fibre and fat value of various
origins and the energy difference can
be as high as 60 KCal. Dr. Krishnan
further elaborated its cost implications
using a linear programming model
which showed a difference of INR 420
per MT between SBM from Brazil
origin to that of Indian origin
(illustrated in Image ).
Dr. Krishnan showed a study of 95000
samples of SBM from all major
producing countries, and only 42
percent of the samples were falling in
the specific protein level of 45-47
percent (shown in Image-3
).
Impact of Heat Treatment
There are antinutritional factors like
trypsin inhibitors, lectins, saponins,
and α-galactocides etc. in the raw
soybean. Out of which trypsin
inhibitors and lectins can be
deactivated by applying sufficient heat
treatment and hence the nutritional
efficiency can be improved. Dr.
Krishnan said, it is necessary for
ingredient quality control programs to
understand the appropriate assays to
determine if their cost-intensive
protein meal has been subjected to
under or over-processing.
2 on page 10
on page
10
Dr. Krishnan shared the most commonly used
analytical techniques to measure SBM quality that
included Urease activity (UA), Trypsin Inhibitor activity
(TIA), KOH solubility, Protein Dispersibility index (PDI)
and reactive lysine. He stated that each of these
methods has limitations in terms of determining under
or over-processed SBM and individual parameters like
KOH solubility, TIA etc. and individual technique gives
a diverse interpretation of the quality of SBM.
Though reactive lysine can be a methodology that can
help to understand the availability of unblocked lysine
but direct analysis of the anti-nutritional factors and
reactive lysine are labor intensive, expensive and time-
consuming in routine operations. Hence, soybean
processors and the end users of SBM in the animal
feed industry need reliable, rapid and cost-efficient
methods to control the quality of protein meal.
Dr. Pradeep introduced a newly established quality
parameter - processing condition indicator (PCI) that
integrates the various factors of under, adequate and
over processing as one numerical index taking into
consideration various anti-nutritional factors as well as
heat damage effects on amino acid contents and
protein solubility.
The PCI value of SBM from various different origins is
shown in Image-4. Dr. Krishnan shared the PCI value
for Indian Soybean Meal (SBM) was 10.83 which was
more tendered towards over processing while in order
to have a better digestibility of lysine and other amino
acids the ideal PDI value should be 12-13.
A deeper understanding of soy products and a precise
evaluation of their quality using NIR technology allows
a more accurate feed formulation and thus a more
Asia drives the global protein production

Name Solution
Amount
Price Low Cost Max. Min. Name Solution
Amount
Price Low Cost Max. Min.
Corn 583.4608 19,000.00 Corn 578.9525 19,000.00
Soybean Meal
BR 2018
335.1028 32,000.00 23,911.3400
Soybean Meal
IN 2018
334.1211 32,000.00 22,631.6200
Soybean Oil
Dicalcium
37.5025 69,500.00 36,410.2000 Soybean Oil
Dicalcium
41.9673 69,500.00 36,073.8200
Phosphate 16 20.4835 36,500.00 Phosphate 16 20.5143 36,500.00
Limestone 32 10.3483 3,500.00 Limestone 32 10.3434 3,500.00
Met AMINO 2.8252 225,000.00 31,279.1700 Met AMINO 3.0824 225,000.00 31,150.9400
Salt (NacI) 2.4928 7,700.00 Salt (NacI) 2.3956 7,700.00
Sodium Bic-
arbonate 1.8062 30,000.00 268.12730
Sodium Bic-
arbonate 1.9467 30,000.00 171.7770
L-Lys-HCI 1.3925 120,000.00 7,252.4630 L-Lys-HCI 1.7076 120,000.00 7,043.5310
Choline Cloride
60% 10000 92,000.00 1.0000 1.0000
Choline Cloride
60%
10000 92,000.00 1.0000 1.0000
Trace Mineral 10000 80,000.00 1.0000 1.0000 Trace Mineral 10000 80,000.00 1.0000 1.0000
Toxin Binder 10000 70,000.00 1.0000 1.0000 Toxin Binder 10000 70,000.00 1.0000 1.0000
Thre AMINO 0.6154 115,000.00 16,324.3400 Thre AMINO 0.7862 115,000.00 16,131.0000
Vitamin Premix 0.5000 378,000 0.5000 0.5000 Vitamin Premix 0.5000 378,000.00 0.5000 0.5000
Val AMINO
(L-Valine) 0.2700 500,000.00 142,300.6000
Val AMINO
(L-Valine) 0.4831 500,000.00 30,851.3000
Coccidiostat 0.2000 150,000.00 0.2000 0.2000 Coccidiostat 0.2000 150,000.00 0.2000 0.2000
Soybean Meal,
AR 2018
32,000.00 31,785.8100
Soybean Meal,
BR 2018
32,000.00 32,000.0000 N/A N/A
Soybean Meal,
IN 2018
32,000.00 30,744.0400
Soybean Meal,
AR 2018
32,000.00 32,000.0000 N/A N/A
Soybean Meal,
US 2018
32,000.00 31,936.3400
Soybean Meal,
US 2018
32,000.00 32,000.0000 N/A N/A
Ingredients for IN / IPMT SBM by origin Ingredients for IN / IPMT SBM by origin
1000.00 2 Broiler Feasible
5,990.77101.0000
24550.900026742.280026742.2800
1000.00 2 Broiler Feasible
5,990.77101.0000
24550.900027161.930027161.9300
EXPERT ADVICE
10
consistent livestock performance over
time.
In the concluding remarks, Dr.
Krishnan introduced the acronym
CARB i.e. Consistent animal
performance can be ensured by a
balanced combination of Accurate
feed formulation, Reduction in a safety
margin and Better purchasing
decision.
The session chairman, G
Chandrashekhar said in his concluding
remarks the feed manufacturer can
gain and deliver value to farmers only
if the ingredient supplier is able to
deliver good quality feed ingredients
as feed is only as good as its
ingredients.
Potential of microflora for increasing efficiency in
Poultry
With all the attention today on antibiotics and the
serious issue of antibiotic resistance, Dr. Chin How
Cheong highlighted his concerns revolving around
antibiotics & the impact of AGP withdrawal. He
illustrated with some examples as to how a few
mainstream antibiotics used in poultry can intervene
in the activity of antibiotic treatments in humans, by
creating resistance in the hosts. He further gave
details of complications on IN-feed AGP Withdrawal
(which includes enteric problems like Dysbacteriosis,
Necrotic enteritis, Coccidiosis/Coccidiasis,
Histomoniasis, and other bacterial infections e.g.
colibacillosis, Salmonellosis). Through the graph 1, he
demonstrated the use of additives to replace AGPs.
This could help the attendees to understand what
their future endeavours could be, whilst at alternatives.

11
On comparing Human and Chicken
gut flora, Dr. Chin said while in
Humans there are around 1000
bacterial species identified with 20-
1500g of biomass, it's the resulting
metabolic capacity that leads to
digestion. On the other hand, in
chicken, at least 640 species have
been identified. Their respective
counts in the different sections of the
GIT, viz. Gizzard, Small intestine,
Cecum are: 103 – 105cfu/g digesta,
108 – 109cfu/g digesta and 1010 –
1012cfu/g digesta respectively.
Lactobacilli dominate the microflora of
the crops and ileum whereas the Ceca
is dominated mostly by anaerobes
consists of Lachnospiraceace,
Clostridiaceae and Proteobacteria. Presence of specific
beneficial bacterial species and/or absence of specific
detrimental bacteria species may contribute to
improved performance of chickens.
Dr. Chin explained the Dynamics of Chicken Gut
Microbiota highlighting the following aspects:
1. GI tract in the newly hatched chick is usually
sterile, by day 3 to day 7, each bird develops its
own Unique Microbial Profile & the community
becomes more complex as chickens ages.
2. Crop Microflora provides bacterial inoculum for
the remaining of the gut.
3. Gut Microflora exerts a significant influence on
the host's immune function starting at birth &
throughout life.
He also explained the link between Gut Microbiota
and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) along with a
comparison of Faecal Community of high and low
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Responsepercent(%)
Organic
acids
Phytogenics/
essential oils
Enzymes Probiotics Prebiotics Other

Nutrient (Substrate)
Viscosity
Feed Additives
Toxin Exposure
Diet
Composition
Quantity
Autochthonus/Allochthonus
MicrobiotaSpecies
Age
Gender
Immune Status
Disease Challenge
Host
Climatic Condition
Housing
Management
Stress
Environment
Continuous “Cross-Talk”
with Host Mucosa
EXPERT ADVICE
12
efficient Broiler Chickens (illustrated in
Image 5)
Dr. Cheong presented the linkage of
Cecal microbiota with performance (i.e
High performance linked to the high
proportion of butyrate-producing
Lachnospiraceae &
Impairedperformance linked to lower
% G+C organisms (often
lactobacilli)).He emphasized the
function of Gut Microbiota and the
basic mechanism of carbohydrate
fermentation.Based on the above
detailed evidentiary illustration he
concluded "Balanced Microflora +
Healthy Gut =Improved Performance".
A brief interrelationship was discussed
between the Lactate Utilizers &
Lactate Producers and how Lactate
Accumulation can be deleterious.This
was followed by a brief on
1. Microbial Relationships between
Bird Environment & Bird Health
2. Balanced Microflora & Gut
Homeostasis
3. Causes of Intestinal Dysbiosis
4. Pthogens and Mycotoxins effecting the Gut
Microbiota and finally
5. Animal Feed Additive replacing Antibiotics
After discussing examples of Poultry Probiotics and
features of Ideal Probiotics were detailed. With image
6,it was detailed as to how the host, Diet, Microbiota,
Environment are in a continuous relationship leading
to Balanced Gut Microbiota.
In order to understand Gut Integrity & Host Defence,
Dr. Cheong explained the importance of
1. Functional diversity of Gut Microbiota
2. Indicators of Gut health problems
3. Complexity of assessing performance with gut
microbiota.
In light of dealing with point 3, Dr. Cheong stressed
that Researching gut Microbiome shall be of high
importance with impetus on multidisciplinary
approaches on microbiota-host interactions to
understand & improve animal performance. He further
emphasised that the next frontiers will offer a higher
resolution with relative consistency, providing deeper
knowledge about genetic potential & metabolic
capacities of the whole environments. The information
generated could be used to monitor strategies to
improve feed efficiency & feed formulation for optimal
gut health and animal performance.
The session chairman, Prof. G Devegowda in his
concluding remarks emphasised that it is high time
that the poultry farmers must avoid the use of
Antibiotics on chicks and use these only when there is
an infection, but never on a regular basis, as growth
promoters. This is indeed, a global challenge which
has implications on human health as well as
sustainable Environment.
Low efficient chickens High efficient chickens
18
52
2879
12
7
Proteobacteria (%) Firmicutes (%) Bacteroidetes (%)

After centuries of selective breeding of
animals and plants to maximize yields
in agriculture, bugs are getting the
same treatment, as demand for insect
protein grows.
British start-up Beta Bugs is breeding
high performance strains of black
soldier fly for the insect feed sector, and
is selecting traits like growth rate,
protein content, fat composition and
even temperature tolerance according
to clients' needs.
Most animal feed is made from soy
which is blamed by some for
deforestation as farmers try to meet
increasing global demand for the crop.
This has led to the search for more
sustainable sources of protein.
“There are insect farms around Europe,
around the UK, even elsewhere in the
world which are using food waste and
waste streams to rear insects such as the black soldier
fly which they can then feed to fish, chickens and pigs.”
“We're looking at it from the genetic side. How do we
make the best fly and the best bug possible for use in
these farms?” founder and managing director of Beta
Bugs, Thomas Farrugia said.
The company breeds certain strains of fly, resulting in
highly optimized insects. The feed is made from fly
maggots.
“You can cram decades worth of genetic progress that
has been made in every other animal into a few years
for insects,” said Farrugia.
Beta Bugs says it wants to stimulate the growth of a new
and environmentally beneficial industry by bringing real
benefits directly to farms.
High performance bugs breeding
for animal feed
INDUSTRY NEWS
13

INTERVIEW
14
Please share a brief on your journey started 35 years ago with a Poultry
farm to today being an acknowledged conglomerate? How the industry has
changed since then?
Presently, IB Group is producing 1.5 M MT of feed i.e. ~4% of India's total
feed production. What are the expansion plans of the group for the Indian
and export market?
It started relatively small but the vision of making chicken affordable to the
consumers kept our passion growing. During the growing phase it was realized
that in Central India, there was a huge gap in the supply of broiler chickens
against the growing demand. After stepping in Nagpur, we realized the scope of
it when the entire stock of 300 chickens was sold out on the very first day of
opening.
We invested more inland, chickens and chicken feed whereas outsourced
transportation. By 1996 the production capacity had reached to 40000 chickens
per month and turnover had increased to 5 crores. Later in November 1996, I
happened to visit the World Poultry Congress at Pragati Maidan in New Delhi. I
was deeply motivated by a foreign consultant who recommended a cost-
effective road map to do business. We invested in the best available technology
and manpower. By 1997 the production was doubled & the concept of
Environmentally Controlled (EC) Houses was also introduced.
Over the years, we conceived the importance of quality feed for birds for better
growth and performance, best FCR and higher profitability of farmers. Hence
soon decided to produce own feed and entered into the feed business, which
was another turning point. A 250-ton refinery was set up. By 2005 the business
expanded by 25-30% year on year, taking its revenue to 200 crores. In 2008, the
concept of extruded fish feed was introduced by the group and ABIS Fish Feed
was launched. By 2013, the turnover crossed 2200 crore, with more than 50 lakh
birds produced in farms spread over 30 sq. km. Today we have diversified the line
of business to the production of poultry, fish feed, shrimp feed, dairy products,
specialized pet food, edible oils, and hospitality.
Expansion plans of
IB Group
Bahadur Ali
Managing Director, IB Group

15
Today IB Group is present in all 28
states whereas our feed business is
spread across 26 states. Besides we are
soon to launch new state-of-the-art
feed plants in Punjab, Bihar, and
Karnataka to meet the increasing
demand for quality feed. These areas
have good potential for giving
opportunities to generate employment
and harness the positive talent of the
youth in these states. I firmly believe
that the feed industry is a major pillar
for taking poultry (protein) business
forward. The business expansion will
not only give the youth of the states an
opportunity to learn the latest global
technology but also develop an
ancillary business around our core
business.
At present soybean is accounting for
over 45-50% of the area under Kharif
crop. However, the area is limited to
central India - Vidarbha (Maharashtra),
Madhya Pradesh, parts of Chhattisgarh,
Karnataka, and Rajasthan. The non-GM
seed and old farming practices in the
country does not produce a yield of
Feed ingredients are the most
unpredictable input cost for animal
feed and since the last decade, the
Indian soybean yield is almost
stagnant while the demand is
constantly growing. What according
to you can be the way forward for
sustainable feed industry?
more than 1.5 MT per hectare, which is way below the
crop yield in the US, Brazil, and Argentina, the major
exporting countries globally due to their modern farming
practices. My suggestion to the government is to invest in
our country's seed R&D infrastructure and run farmer-
based programmes through FPOs and seed companies to
support and encourage soya farming to utilize their
agriculture lands for a better profitable crop. As soya is
the best protein source for the livestock industry and the
growing demand of animal protein requirement would
need better crop yields to meet the future demands.
IB Group has been setting the benchmarks for adopting
technology and digitalization at every stage in vertically
integrated poultry business. As per my understanding
without the use of technology, we will be left far behind so
we started using technology in the business from a very
early point and proud to have one of the leading
technologically advanced feed plants of Asia. With the use
of technology in the state-of-the-art hatcheries and farms,
R&D centres and dedicated field force we keep an edge in
our business. I really admire the young generation being
motivated by the use of technology and the previous
generation continuously learning and adopting
digitalization and technology in their day-to-day work. We
are also trying to embark our experience and learnings to
the associated farmers.
We have launched a campaign called 'Parivartan' for the
socio-economic development of its farmers, with a goal to
double poultry farmer's income under this initiative. To
realize this goal, we are providing the latest global
technology to the farmers. Even the poultry farmers of
small and financially weaker neighboring countries like
Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are using
modern poultry technology. But in the past 25 years, I
have not seen any large poultry company in India that has
contributed and upgraded the small poultry farmers and
hence increased the income of such farmers of the
country.
It is my dream that Indian poultry farmers should match
the standards of poultry farmers of Europe and America.
Therefore, the Parivartan initiative with our Integration
farmers provides a 40 percent subsidy on the up-
gradation cost. The subsidy of INR 15 crores is already
given to poultry farmers. This move of IB group has
brought positive changes in the lives of thousands of
poultry farmers in 26 states. The farmers have also
experienced the change and its positive impact on their
life. Hence, more farmers are coming forward and joining
hands with IB Group.
Agriculture is one of the least digitized major
industries. How do you see digitization impacting the
poultry and livestock industry? What are the plans of
the group in adopting this trend?
You have introduced PARIVATAN initiative, please
share a brief on the same.

16
ARTICLE
Ellagitannins with SCFA
for improved performance
of poultry
The use of antibiotics as growth
promoters is predominant in the
poultry industry until the concern
about the development of antibiotic
resistance was raised. Withdrawal of
AGP from animal diet leaves the
livestock and poultry farmers with
enormous pressure, as one of the
main consequences being a significant
increase in the occurrence of
infectious diseases (Inborr; Casewell et
al.,).
Today in addition to genetics and
management most attention is
focused on gut health in connection
with gut microbiome because it plays such an
important role in feed digestion and absorption. This
interactions of intestinal microbiome with poultry host
and diet are essential for good bird performance and
economically viable poultry production. The different
dietary components that escape host digestion and
absorption serve as the substrates for the growth of
intestinal bacteria so the diet is the one having the
greatest potential impact on the intestinal
microbiome. Lately, more and more research work
evaluates the beneficial influence of feed additives in
poultry diet to modulate intestinal microbiome and
reduce the number of pathogens in the intestine. By
some means, different plant origin compounds like
plant polyphenols as additives attract more interest
Mojca Osredkar Mergole1 and Jayaraman K2, Tanin Sevnica, Catalyst

17
gastrointestinal tract of birds, maintaining intestinal
pH, improving the solubility of feed ingredients and
absorption of nutrients (Adams; Soltan; Adil et al).
With the improvement of the epithelial integrity
(direct trophic effects) and defense systems, SCFA can
act directly or indirectly on tissue development and
repair of the gut (Guilloteau et al).
Synergistic effect of the combination of
ellagitannins and SFCA
SFCA butyrate and urolithin A, produced by
lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium from ellagitannins,
have been shown to enhance microbial diversity and
promote the abundance of bacteria generating this
compounds by acting synergistically at the level of
the mitochondrion (Franco-Obregón & Gilbert).
Performance trial in broilers
The present study investigated the effect of a
combination of ellagitannins with SCFA on
performance and litter characteristics of broilers, in
comparison with an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP),
bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD®). Four
hundred and eighty 1-day- old Cobb 400 broiler
chicks were procured from a commercial hatchery. The
trial was conducted for a period of 42 days in 5 x 5 ft
pens on a deep litter floor (rice husk) using a
completely randomized design. The experimental
design included 3 treatment groups: A basic (corn
soya-based mash) diet with BMD (positive control) at
330 g/ton of feed, basic diet without AGP (negative
control), and basic diet ET+SCFA (ellagitannin and
butyrate) at 500, 250 and 150 g/ton of feed at pre-
starter, starter and finisher phases respectively. Each
group was replicated 8 times with 20 birds per
replicate. The trial was conducted under the standard
operating procedure of the test facility to ensure
proper animal care and handling. The birds were
analyzed for body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR),
footpad lesion (FPD) and litter moister.
than other alternatives (Sobczak and
Kozlowski; Deng Pan & Zhongtang Yu;
Govinthasamy Prabakar et all.)
Plant polyphenols
Tannins are water-soluble
polyphenolic compounds that have
different specific physical and
chemical properties in different plant
species (Muller-Harvey). It has long
been known they exhibit numerous
biological activities due to their
relative affinities to interact with
different proteins preferentially to
proline-rich proteins. Ellagitannins
belong to the hydrolyzable tannin
class of polyphenols characterized by
one or more hexahydroxydiphenoyl
(HHDP) moieties esterified to a sugar,
usually glucose. Hydrolysis of
ellagitannins by treatment with hot
water, acids, bases or with tannases
yields hexahydroxydiphenic acid
(HHDP), further ester bonds are
hydrolyzed and the HHDP group
spontaneously rearranges into ellagic
acid. The presence of
hexahydroxydiphenoyl and
nonahydroxyterphenoyl moieties are
considered to render antimicrobial
property of ellagitannins against
bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Antibacterial activity has been most
widely described in the literature
(Adamczyk et al; J.M.Landete.; Deaville
et al; Ekambaram et al)
Jamroz et al. reported that application
of ellagitannins from Sweet Chestnut
to the feed mixtures beneficially and
statistically significantly affected the
dry matter content in the litter in
comparison to control. Higher doses
of tannins significantly reduced the
number of E. coli and coliform bacteria
in the small intestine of 28-d-old
chickens.
Short Chain Fatty Acids
The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)
have an important role in preserving
the structural and functional integrity
of the gut by limiting the growth of
undesirable microorganisms in the
2.200
2.100
2.000
1.900
1.800
1.700
1.600
1.500
BodyWeightkg
Body Weight Vs FCR
Avg final weight per bird (kg)
1.66
1.65
1.64
1.63
1.62
1.61
1.60
1.59
FCR
BMD W/o AGP (control) ET+SCFA
2.098
2.04
2.113
ET+SCFA, 1.62BMD, 1.62
W/o AGP (Control)
1.65

Control
97.0
96.0
95.0
94.0
93.0
92.0
91.0
90.0
89.0
ET+SCFA
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Figure 1. : Laying rate from 30th till the 40th week
Figure 2. : Egg weight (g) cum.
Control
66.3
66.2
66.1
66
65.9
ET+SCFA
ARTICLE
18
ET+SCFA not only improved the body weight of birds,
but also reduced the foot pad lesions by influencing
the litter characteristics. Moreover, the improvement
was comparable with the antibiotic growth promoter,
BMD®. This result indicates that ET+SCFA can act as a
replacement for AGP in enhancing the performance of
broilers.
Performance trials in layers
The trial was conducted at the Test station of layers
MTD in the Czech Republic to evaluate the impact of
the combination of ellagitannins with SCFA on the
performance of layers. Hens were kept in
environmentally controlled houses in 2 groups, each
group had 180 hens. Performance trial lasted from
Results
From day 14 to 28, ET+SCFA group
showed similar improvement in body
weight as BMD® group compared
with the negative control group. Birds
supplemented with ET+SCFA showed
3.4% (P < 0.05) more body weight
than negative control at day 42. On
day 42, reduction in FCR with ET+SCFA
is similar to BMD® and also, better
than the negative control. Footpad
lesions were evaluated on day 42 of
the trial. The group with no AGP
(negative control), showed a lesion
score of 3. Birds supplemented with
ET+SCFA had significantly lesser lesion
score compared to BMD® and
negative control (P < 0.05), suggesting
that it had an impact on the litter
characteristics. At the end of the trial,
it was observed that the inclusion of
ET+SCFA has reduced the litter
moisture by 18.8% compared with the
negative control.
It is stated that broilers reared on wet
litter developed FPD from an early
age, and it progressed severely; when
these broilers were moved to dry litter,
the disease progression was
suppressed or delayed depending on
the age of transfer. Being an important
indicator of animal welfare, FPD can
lead to a significant economic loss for
producers, because paws with FPD are
not suitable for human consumption.
Reduction of ammonia level inside
poultry houses is an important part of
management to increase birds' live
performance. When there is more
moisture in the litter, the potential for
ammonia emission from that litter is
high. Ferguson et al., 1998 confirmed
the relationship between higher litter
moisture and increased litter
ammonia. Besides the effect on litter
moisture, administration of
ellagitannins is reported to increase
the dry matter content of excreta in
Ross 308 chicks (Rezar V and Salobir J,
2014).
In conclusion, supplementation with
30th till the 40th week of age. Compared to the
control, the addition of ellagitannins with SCFA
improved performance of layers with higher laying
rate (Figure 1.) and better quality of layed eggs
(Figure 2).
Another performance test of ET+SCFA was conducted
at a layer farm in Croatia with 180000 layers. The trial
was performed in 2 layer houses (control and test
house) with enriched cages with an aim to evaluate
the effect of ET+SCFA on production parameters and
health of layers. The trial lasted for 62 weeks, from
18th week until 80th week of age of layers. The
measured parameters were: FCR, mortality, laying rate,
number and quality of eggs.
The quality of litter and microclimatic conditions was
better in the house 2 (ET+SCFA) compared to house 1
(control) which reflected in improved production of

ARTICLE
20
eggs, better feed conversion, less
mortality, less dirty eggs and lower
feed consumption per egg.
Since the start of use ET+SCFA in layer
feed, the farm improved: laying rate
for 6%, better eggshell quality - less
broken eggs for 2-3%, uniformity of
eggs for 10%, egg weight for 2g, drier
litter, less dirty eggs and better health of hens withoth
antibiotics.
Field experience in India
ET+SCFA combination was tested in 3 layer houses
with 2000 layers in different stages in Gorakhpur, Uttar
Pradesh, India. Improved performance results for all
groups included: solved problem with wet litter, fewer
flies, improved egg weight from 53 – 55g to 55 – 58g,
improved laying rate for 1 %, less heat stress,
improved weight and health status of the animals.
After usage of ET+SCFA in a 20,000 capacity layer farm
in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh for a period of six months,
the incidences of dirty and rough shell eggs is reduced
significantly due to dry litter. The farm performance
improved in terms of improved grading of eggs, issues
of spots during the pre-lay period and over all birds
performance
Conclusions
Synergistic effect of ellagitannins and butyric acid
brings proven benefits to poultry industry in a new
dynamic way together with ever more desired
potential for improved performance and cost
reduction in a natural way.
FCR No. of eggs
(18.-80. week)
Egg mass
(g/day)
Feed per egg cum. % dirty eggs
Control 2,32 336 63,8 145,8 2,45
ET+SCFA 2,11 348 64,6 128,2 1,14
Table 1: Performance parameters
Figure 3.: Mortality
Control
120.00
115.00
110.00
105.00
100.00
95.00
90.00
ET+SCFA
US soybeans exports to EU
on a 30-year high
The US is expected to export 10 million
mt of soybeans to the EU in the year
ending April 2019, according to recent
data released by the United States
Department of Agriculture.
The volume is seen to be a 30-year high mainly due to
higher prices of Brazilian soybeans and tight supply in
Argentina due to drought, the data released by Foreign
Agricultural Service, a division of the USDA, showed.
Brazilian soybean prices have gone up after its exports
to China surged following the US-China trade war as
China has imposed a 25% tariff on the US soybeans, the
USDA report said.
As of end-February, soybean exports from the US to the
EU totaled more than 9 million mt, approximately 100%
higher year on year, the report said.
US soybeans exports to the EU could face challenges in
the form of lower port premiums in Brazil and normal
soybeans production forecast in Argentina. But "as long
as China's duties boost Brazil's competitiveness, EU
demand for US soybeans should remain elevated with
annual US exports significantly above the 3.3 million mt
average observed over the previous 10-year period," the
report added.
Source: spglobal
INDUSTRYNEWS
ImageSource:APNews

21
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019 INDUSTRY NEWS
Fall Armyworm is a highly destructive
pest and is known globally to have
caused a serious challenge to farmers
across continents and across crops. Fall
Armyworm (FAW)
(Spodopterafrugiperda), a native of
America, is an invasive pest spreading
across the world, with its incidence in
African agriculture in 2016 followed by
its first-time appearance on maize in
the Indian state of Karnataka in August
2018. In last two seasons, Kharif and
Rabi 2018, the fall armyworm has
emerged as a major threat to farmers &
Indian agriculture due to its high
incidence and consequent damage
especially to maize. The early
emergence in crop life cycle, voracious
feeding habit, large-scale aggressive
behavior, high reproduction, fast
migration and irreparable nature of
crop damage, all make it a key pest.
Notably, the FAW feeds on many host
plants and has been found on sweet
corn, baby corn, maize, sugarcane and
sorghum, and can feed on many other
agriculturally important foods & feed
crops in India. As of now, the pest is
reported in the states of Karnataka,
Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Bihar,
Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal.
On 8th March 2019, the South Asia
Biotechnology Centre launched an
ambitious and multi-year project
SAFFAL to safeguard agriculture and
farmers against fall armyworm in India.
The project aims at using education as
the weapon to the problem. The project
is supported by FMC India, Mumbai, a
global leader in sustainable crop
protection and will work in
collaboration with key stakeholders
from agricultural value chains which
potentially may get impacted due to
the spread of Fall Armyworm in India.
The project SAFFAL aims at developing
a suite of techniques, good agricultural practices and
control measures along with educational material for
various stakeholders to enhance farmers' preparedness
to tackle the menace of fall armyworm.
In this context, Dr CD Mayee, a renowned plant
epidemiologist and the President of the South Asia
Biotechnology Centre (SABC), New Delhi stated that
“Practical experiences of successfully dealing with pink
bollworm in cotton through involvement of smallholder
farmers will be explored and replicated to overcome the
threat of fall armyworm”, In the recent past, SABC in
collaboration with key stakeholders has successfully
implemented a massive program “war on pink
bollworm” in Vidharbha region of Maharashtra. The FAW
presents a significant challenge to smallholder farmers
by substantially increasing cost of production, reducing
productivity and farmers' income and thus a
considerable threat to Indian agriculture.
A dedicated web-based portal www.fallarmyworm.org.in
with repository of information and network of
institutions to spread information in India.
Source: krishijagran
Project by South Asia Biotechnology
Centre against Fall Armyworm

22
ARTICLE
Introduction
Aquaculture has today become the
fastest growing food sector industry,
moving forward rapidly in a profitable
manner. The immense growth in
modern aquaculture has been due to
various factors which include
increasing use of formulated
aquafeeds and intensification of
culture systems. Due to intensification,
bacterial diseases have been noticed
as a major cause of economic loss to
producers. In order to better this
situation, antibiotics have been used
potentially to irradiate disease-causing
bacteria but its excessive use leads to
antibiotic resistant bacteria. Because
of this, antibiotics in animal
production have been banned by the
European Union and are increasingly
under public scrutiny and criticism in other parts of
the world. This emphasizes the need to develop
alternative products which can positively influence
animal performance. Plant extracts, prebiotics,
probiotics, and organic acids or their salts have been
evaluated as alternatives to antibiotics but the results
obtained are inconsistent.
The global market value of acidifiers in the animal
feeds industry in 2015 was estimated to be about €1.0
billion (FEFANA 2014-2016). The most commonly used
organic acid in animal feed is citric acid followed by
lactic acids, formic acids and/or their salts. Till now
various feed additives such as organic acids have been
investigated for use in aquaculture feeds and are
expected to receive increasing attention due to their
strong antimicrobial and prophylactic properties
against various pathogenic bacteria. Use of these
acidifiers mainly consisting of organic acids and their
salts or mixtures of these are receiving much more
Nesara K M, Ajay S Khandagale, College of Fisheries, KVAFSU, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
Organic acids in
aquafeeds - A sustainable
alternative to antibiotics
ImageSource:CIDLines

23
attention as a potential replacement
for improving the performance and
the health of fish. In animal feeds the
use of organic acids was initially
demonstrated in piglets to maintain a
low gastric pH in the gut, which
resulted in problems with digestion
(Easter, 1988). Acidifiers are believed
to be more specific to growth activity
which can reduce harmful micro-
organisms and promote beneficial
microflora colonization in the
gastrointestinal tract of fish (Cromwell,
1990).
This accelerated growth of emphasis
on food safety and animal health
makes Europe the largest market
(41%) followed by other developed
countries such as the United States
(24%) and Japan (12%). By this
prophylactic agent, the use of
alternatives such as organic acids are
expected to increase in the rest of the
world.
Organic acids
The organic acids are basically organic
compounds with one or more carboxyl
groups in them. These include saturated straight-chain
monocarboxylic acids (C1–C18) and their respective
derivatives, such as unsaturated (cinnamic, sorbic),
hydroxylic (citric, lactic), phenolic (benzoic, cinnamic,
salicylic) and multi carboxylic (azelaic, citric, succinic)
acids (Cherrington et al.,1991), with a general
molecular structure of R-COOH, where R represents
the monovalent functional group. These acids are
commonly referred to as short-chain fatty acids,
volatile fatty acids or weak carboxylic acids.
Citric acid and its salt
Citric acid/salts (CA) are the most investigated organic
acid in aquaculture for the purpose of growth and
immune. Numerous studies have reported that citric
acid can improve growth, feed utilization and mineral
availability, particularly phosphorus(P) in various fish
species. Fishes supplemented with citric acid observed
are a red drum, Sciaenopsocellatus tends to lower the
pH of diets and stomach contents and rainbow trout,
Oncorhynchus mykiss has been observed to improve
weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio
and enhance digestive enzyme activities (Castillo et
al., 2014). Hernandez et al. (2012) fed CA to Huso huso
observed an improved growth, SGR, FCR, phosphorus
absorption/retention reduced P load to the
environment. Addition of CA in feed resulted in
improved weight gain, SGR, PER, and FCR and also
apparent protein, Ca and P digestibility in yellowtail,
Seriolaquinqu eradiate (Khajepour and Hosseini,
2012). Likewise, Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis
aureus increased the activities of protease and
amylase in the digestive tract and did not affect lipase
activities on the addition of citric acid to the diet (Li et
al., 2009).
Lactic acids or their salts.
Use of lactic acid (LA) as a feed additive to rainbow
trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss resulted in increased in
bone Zn. Red sea bream, Pagrus major improved in
the absorption of P but not in weight gain and feed
utilization (Hossain et al., 2007). Ca-lactate
supplemented with LA improved in growth and
survival (Pandey and Satoh, 2008). Castillo et al. (2014)
fed LA for red drum, Sciaenopsocellatus resulted in
Types of organic acids in fish
Formic acid Citric acid
Acetic acid Sodium formate
Propionic acid Butyric acids
Lactic acid Sorbic acids
Fumaric acids Malic acids
The general molecular structure of organic acid

24
ARTICLE
lowering the pH of the stomach
contents, depressed growth
performance at 30 g /kg diet and had
no effects on body indices and
composition.
Na-lactate salts as a feed additive to
Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, and
Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar improved
the growth of Arctic char, but not in
salmon. The study conducted by
Gislason et al. (1996) resulted in
double feed retention time in Arctic
char digestive tract; Gislasonet al.
(1994) fed Atlantic salmon, S. salar
with LA. There were no effects on fish
growth, mortality or gross chemical
composition of the faeces. Whereas
Ringo et al. (1994) supplemented LA
to Arctic charr, S. alpines and reported
an improvement in weight gain and
feed efficiency but didn't observe any
effects on lipid/fatty acid composition
of muscle tissue and body proximate
composition.
Use of butyric acids or their salts in
aquafeeds
Na-butyrate supplemented with Sea
bream, Sparus aurata enhanced growth,
but there were no effects on SGR feed
intake and feed utilization. It also
altered the metabolic pattern at the
intestinal level (Robles et al., 2013).
Supplementing butyric acid as a feed
additive in the omnivorous tropical
Catfish, Clarias gariepinuswas observed
to show no effects on weight gain,
specific growth rate, protein efficiency
ratio and food conversion ratio which
tend to alter the bacterial community in
the hindgut of catfish (Owen et al.,
2006).
The fish diet supplemented with butyric
acids can act as a diet attractant which
increases the diet attractiveness and
feed intake in Pacific white shrimp, L.
vannamei resulting in no effect on
phosphorus digestibility (Silva et al.,
2013). In addition, Silva et al. (2016)
noted improved growth performance
and feed efficiency with no effect on
phosphorus retention. However, it
altered intestinal microbiota and increased serum
agglutination titer value.
Sodium butyrate as a feed additive for omnivorous
tropical catfish (Clariasgariepinus) was implemented
with 2kg/ton in both fish meal-based diet and in
defatted soya concentrates diet. The results observed
show with no significant differences in supplemented
sodium butyrate when compared with a control group.
However, particularly in the catfish fed fish meal, the
SGR was slightly higher and body weight gain observed
was increased in sodium butyrate group than control
group respectively, coupled with a concomitant
reduction in the FCR of supplemented group fish.
Apparently, sodium butyrate supplementation raised the
proportion of gram-positive bacteria in the hindgut of
catfish. In a similar way, the beneficial application of
organic acid salts was also proven by addition of
5kg/ton sodium citrate with inactivated Lactobacilli to
boost the growth of the Kuruma shrimp Masurpenaeus
japonicas (Tung et al., 2006). A recent report suggests
that the survival rate of brackish water shrimp grown in
Taiwan was enhanced by supplementing with a dosage
of 2.5kg/tonne calcium formate (Luckstadt, unpublished
data).
Formic acid
Formic acid as a fish feed additive. Only a few studies
are been carried out for the addition of potassium-
diformate (a double-salt of formic acid) in herbivorous,
carnivores, filter feeders' fish and shellfish which show
an apparent increase in weight gain, feed conversion
ratio and the ability to counteract bacterial infections
in fish. Ramli et al. (2005) tested potassium diformate
(potassium salt of formic acid) as a growth promoter
in tilapia grow-out and reported an increase with body
weight. Similarly, commercial white shrimp feed added
with Na-formate did not show any improvement in
growth response, feed utilization and survival rate
(Silva et al., 2015). In another experiment, Chuchird et
al. (2015) provided evidence that Pacific white shrimp
fed formic acid supplemented diets showed enhanced
resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge. When
formic acid supplemented to shellfish not much result
in positive evidence but in fish, it proved to be better.
Acetic acid
The dietary supplementation of 50 g kg1 acetic acid in
trout diets tended to decrease gastric and caecal pH
but did not profoundly reduce the pH of
gastrointestinal tract contents, indicating that trouts
are efficient in regulating endogenous gastric acid
secretions to maintain their normal gut pH.
Nevertheless, it was observed that the addition of

25
acetic acid to trout diets significantly
improved phosphorus availability in
fish. Not much work has been carried
out in using acetic acid as
supplementation in fish and shellfish
feed (Sugiura et al., 2006).
Propionic acid
Propionic acid contains one to five
times more energy than wheat (Diebold
and Eidelsburger 2006). If the energy
content of organic acids should be
completely used in metabolism it must
be included in the energy content of
feed rations. The effect of
supplementation of sodium salts of
lactic and propionic acid (10 kg/tone of
feed) was tested in Arctic charr in
brackish water at 8°C (Ringø, 1991). Use
of formic and propionic acids and their
salts on a sequential release medium
has been successful in the grow-out of
Turkish rainbow trout (Karl Sacherer,
personal communication, 2006). The
shrimps which were fed diets
supplemented with propionate and
butyrate resulted in an increase in final weight, feed
efficiency, nitrogen retention, protein efficiency rate,
survival, and yield. Specific shrimps fed diet containing
2% butyrate were noted higher in comparison with
control treatment (Silva et al., 2013).
Fumaric acid
The inclusion of 0.5 g kg-1 of fumaric acid improved fish
hematological parameters. Overall, incorporation of
fumaric acid in C. gariepinus diets improved fish survival
after Aeromonas sobria challenge (Omosowone et al.,
2015)
Conclusions
Currently, usage of organic acids in the field of
aquaculture and in the aquafeed industry has picked up
and the farmers are greatly interested to increase the
yield through the culture-based system and by
commercializing the use of organic acids in aquaculture
resulting in enhancement of both growth performance
and control diseases. As evident from the research
reviewed, many studies have reported that organic
acids, their salts or blends in feed improved growth,
feed utilization, gut health and disease resistance in
aquatic animals. Generally, reports on organic acids
have noted improving growth performance and
nutrient utilization in aquaculture. The growth factor

26
ARTICLE
appears to be dependent on the type
of organic acids used and host specific
(Ng and Koh, 2011).
It is anticipated that the use of dietary
organic acids as functional feed
additives in aqua feeds to be used in
aquaculture will increase markedly in
the near future. Available information
on the beneficial effects of dietary
inclusion of organic acids and their
salts on fish and shell fish are less
experimented. Their performance is
inconsistent and appear to vary
among fish species, fish size or age,
and the types and levels of organic
acids and salts or their combinations.
Additional factors include the
compositions of experimental diets,
buffering capacities of dietary
ingredients, culture and feed
management, and water quality.
Despite the discrepancies among the published data,
it appears that organic acids and/or their salts have
good potential as dietary supplements to improve
growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and
nutrient digestibility. They alter gut microflora
populations and increase the disease resistance of
aquaculture species. However, more research is
needed to better understand the mechanisms of the
potential beneficial effects of these compounds and
their mixture. The issue now is one of education and
enforcement, especially in many developing nations
where a significant amount of aquaculture production
still comes from small-scale farmers who may be
unaware of the dangers posed by the excessive use
and misuse of antibiotics. The economic window for
the incorporation of organic acids in aqua feeds is
therefore narrow. Convincing farmers and aquafeed
manufacturers regarding the actual benefits of organic
acid supplementation is crucial and this can only be
done through scientifically proven, laboratory- and
field-based research data.
ImageSource:Bicar®Z
Oilmeal exports remain flat in
April-February period
Oilmeal exports during February 2019
stood at 141,779 tons compared with
248,663 tons inFebruary 2018, while the
overall exports during April 2018 to
February 2019 were reported at
2,786,574 tons against 2,765,320 tons
during the same period in the
preceding year, data released by
Solvent Extractors' Association of India
(SEA) show.
The export of rapeseed meal sharply
increased to 962,990 (538,988) ton in
the first 11 months mainly aided by
exports to South Korea, Vietnam and
Thailand.
According to the association, the export
of rapeseed meal and soybean meal to
China is unlikely to resume during the
current financial year as the procedure
for registration with the country's
agriculture ministry is complex and
time-consuming.
The Iranian market has opened for the
Indian soybean meal. From April 2018
to February 2019, about 3.0 lakh tons of
soybean meal was shipped to the country compared
with just 23,000 tons last year, executive director SEA BV
Mehta said.
During April 2018 to February 2019, Vietnam imported
542,930 tons of oil meals (compared with 638,188 tons
last year); of which 36,973 tons was soybean meal,
181,560 ton of rapeseed meal, and 324,181 ton of rice
bran extraction.
South Korea imported 686,095 tons of oilmeals (against
752,799 ton), of which 412,720 ton was rapeseed meal,
30,476 tonsoybean meal and 242,899 tons castor meal.
Thailand imported 279,451 tons of oilmeals (compared
with 174,077 tons last year), of which 16,541 ton was
soybean meal, 22,443 ton de-oiled rice bran extraction
and 240,393 tons of rapeseed meal.
France import 106,640 tons of oilmeals (against 137,299
ton last year) consisting of 103,256 tons of soybean
meal and 3,384 tons of Castor meal.
Exports from Kandla are reported at 1,339,384 tons
(48%) followed by Mumbai, of which JNPT handled
327,417 ton (12%), Mundra 384,539 ton (14%), Kolkata
368,963 ton (13%) and others, including Hazira and
Pipavav, 366,271 tons (13%).
Source: financialexpress
INDUSTRYNEWS

27
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019 INDUSTRY NEWS
The strategic partnership between
Delacon and Cargill paves the way for
the Chinese feed market, with four
phytogenic products available to
start with.
In 2017 Delacon and Cargill formed a
strategic partnership including a
minority equity investment from
Cargill to deliver enhanced solutions
for their customers. After entering
the Russian market last year together,
it is now time to bring Delacon
phytogenic products to China.
As China is proposing to ban all in-
feed antimicrobial growth promoters
starting in 2020, phytogenics
represent a key solution for
antibiotic-free animal nutrition.
Through the partnership, Cargill's
premix and nutrition business in
China and Delacon will deliver
enhanced customer solutions for the
China market in a sustainable and
natural way. This will bring more
benefits to producers and consumers.
“2018 was still a year of transition
and building trust between Delacon
and CPN China,” says Kevin Wang,
Delacon regional sales manager in
China. “But for this year we have put
together very ambitious sales
activities that will make a net
difference with the past and will put
Delacon as an important supplier in
phytogenic space in China.”
The partnership connects Delacon's
experience in phytogenics with
Cargill's deep expertise in applied
nutrition. “At Cargill and at Delacon,
we have a strong commitment to our
customers, we are both science-
driven innovators and, we deliver
high product quality,” says John
Fering, managing director of Cargill's
premix and nutrition business in
China.
Products based on science
Started as a niche product in the 1980s, phytogenics
today provide a key solution for animal productivity
and sustainable, wholesome food production.
Delacon is the first and only company so far to
receive zootechnical EU registration for two
phytogenic feed additives, proving its products meet
the scientific gold standard in the feed industry.
Zootechnical registration is a legal confirmation of
safety and efficacy as a growth promoter by the
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following a
rigorous approval process.
Given the vast variety of powerful natural
ingredients, phytogenic feed additives are known for
broad-spectrum efficacy, with proven impact on
unlocking the nutritional potential in feed, control
and improve the digestive process, enhance the gut's
microflora and boost the immune systems of farm
animals to promote feed efficiency, keep animals
healthy and provide wholesome food while reducing
the environmental impact.
Strategic partnership of Delacon and
Cargill to cater to China market

EVENT COVERAGE Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019
28
This year Schothorst Feed Research will
organise the Feeds & Nutrition course
for the 9th time. The Feeds & Nutrition
course is a yearly recurring course that
is specially designed for animal
nutrition specialists. The 9th edition will
be held 3-7 June 2019 at the Inntel
Hotels in Zaandam, near Amsterdam.
From science to practice
The goal of the Feeds & Nutrition
course is to share scientific knowledge
in such a way that the participant can
implement this knowledge in daily
work. To achieve this, 16 different
modules are offered from which the
participants can compose their own
program. Besides the species-specific
modules (basic principles, nutrient
evaluation, applied nutrition and feed
formulation for poultry, swine and ruminants) also
species transcending topics are offered (feedstuffs, feed
quality, feed processing, mycotoxins).
All modules are given by researchers and consultants
from SFR, together with experts from the field. More
than 120 participants from all over the world working in
the feed industry are expected. The setting of the
course stimulates participants to share experiences in
combination with theoretical background. For each
animal category, an excursion is organised to relevant
Dutch companies to provide a glimpse into Dutch
livestock farming.
For whom?
The course is designed for nutritionists, purchasing
managers, product managers and quality assurance
managers of feed and feed additive producers or others
involved in the feed and allied industry.
Registration is required before May 10, 2019. More detailed information can be found
at the company's website: www.schothorst.nl.
9th edition of The Feeds & Nutrition
Course By SFR

Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 5 | Issue 05 | March 2019CALENDAR OF EVENTS
30
2019
To list any industry event related to Grain & Feed industry please write us at
MARCH
International Poultry & Livestock Expo
Date: 27-30 March 2019
Venue: Dhaka, Bangladesh
Email: contact@cems-foodagro.com
Web: www.cems-foodagro.com
MAY
China Animal Husbandry Exhibition (CAHE)
Date: 18-20 May 2019
Venue: Qingdao International Convention Center
Email: caaa@caaa.cn
Web: www.caaa.com.cn/2019/en/
OCTOBER
Dairy Industry Expo
Date: 11-13 October 2019
Venue: ACEC, Pune
Email: dairyindustryexpo@gmail.com
Web: www.dairyindustryexpo.com
Global Outlook for Aquaculture Leadership
(GOAL)
Date: 21-24 October 2019
Venue: Leela Palace, Chennai
Email: sally.krueger@aquaculturealliance.org
Web: www.aquaculturealliance.org
JUNE
VICTAM International
Date: 12-14 June 2019
Venue: Cologne, Germany
Email: expo@victam.com
Web: www.victaminternational.com
VIV Turkey
Date: 13-15 June 2019
Venue: Istanbul - Turkey
Email: hande@hkf-fairs.com
Web: www.vivturkey.com
Asian Pacific Aquaculture
Date: 18-20 June 2019
Venue: Chennai, India
Email: worldaqua@was.org
Web: www.marevent.com
Dairy Livestock & Poultry Expo Africa
Date: 19-21 June 2019
Venue: Nairobi, Kenya
Email: africa@dlpexpo.com
Web: www.dlpexpo.com

Think grain think feed march 2019

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