This document discusses diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. It affects over 400 million people worldwide and is a major public health problem. Current treatments are insufficient and have side effects. Many plants have shown antidiabetic potential and are being investigated for new drug leads. The document outlines various antidiabetic mechanisms of plant compounds and modern strategies used in natural product research to isolate active constituents from plants like Tinospora sinensis and Chonemorpha fragrans for treating diabetes.