The document discusses establishing a herbal industry in Nepal utilizing Eastern medicinal plants. It summarizes a study that surveyed traditional medicinal plants in Eastern Nepal and analyzed some samples for antioxidant properties. Three plants - Pakhanbed (Berginia ciliata), Laliguras (Rhododendron arboreum), and Asuro (Adhatoda vasica) - showed promising results and prospects for industrial applications. The study recommends promoting cultivation of these plants and establishing processing industries in Nepal to help develop the herbal industry.
Herbal medicine is the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (especially plants that are not part of the normal diet).
Phytonutrient or nutraceutical or functional food
Natural substances that aid the body to maintaining health and combating disease such as anthocyanidins, isoflavones and carotenoids.
Natural product : is biosynthetic substances produced by living cells.
Crude Drug: It’s a medically useful drug of plant or animal origin without any further processing or modification.
Herbs, Herbal Drugs
Present Scope of Herbal Drug Industry
Scope of Herbal Drug Medicine and Industry
Indian Herbal Industry
International Scope of Herbal Medicines
World Wide Herbal Trade
Overview on plant based industries and research institutions in India
List of few herbal drug industries in India
List of few herbal research institution/ centres in India
General Introduction to Herbal Industry
Herbal drugs industry: Present scope and future prospects.
A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and
aromatic plants in India.
Herbs as Plant Materials : In this video the viewers will come to know about herbs as plant materials. Herbs are flowering plants whose stems grow above ground and are not woody. They have weak and soft stems. They are plants which are known for medicinal value, flower scent, etc. Any plant with leaves, seeds, or flowers used for flavouring, food, medicine, or perfume. Any seed-bearing plant that does not have a woody stem and dies down to the ground after flowering.
•
Portion explained:
1. Herbs as Plant Materials
2. Definition of herbs
3. What is herbal medicine?
4. Herbal Medicine
5. History of Herbal Medicine
6. Modern herbal medicine
7. Herbal preparations
Herbal medicine is the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (especially plants that are not part of the normal diet).
Phytonutrient or nutraceutical or functional food
Natural substances that aid the body to maintaining health and combating disease such as anthocyanidins, isoflavones and carotenoids.
Natural product : is biosynthetic substances produced by living cells.
Crude Drug: It’s a medically useful drug of plant or animal origin without any further processing or modification.
Herbs, Herbal Drugs
Present Scope of Herbal Drug Industry
Scope of Herbal Drug Medicine and Industry
Indian Herbal Industry
International Scope of Herbal Medicines
World Wide Herbal Trade
Overview on plant based industries and research institutions in India
List of few herbal drug industries in India
List of few herbal research institution/ centres in India
General Introduction to Herbal Industry
Herbal drugs industry: Present scope and future prospects.
A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and
aromatic plants in India.
Herbs as Plant Materials : In this video the viewers will come to know about herbs as plant materials. Herbs are flowering plants whose stems grow above ground and are not woody. They have weak and soft stems. They are plants which are known for medicinal value, flower scent, etc. Any plant with leaves, seeds, or flowers used for flavouring, food, medicine, or perfume. Any seed-bearing plant that does not have a woody stem and dies down to the ground after flowering.
•
Portion explained:
1. Herbs as Plant Materials
2. Definition of herbs
3. What is herbal medicine?
4. Herbal Medicine
5. History of Herbal Medicine
6. Modern herbal medicine
7. Herbal preparations
Development of Suitable Pharmaceutical Dosage forms through Herbal Plant ExtractSriramNagarajan19
In recent years there is a spurt in the interest regarding survival of Ayurvedic forms of medication. In the global perspective, there is a shift towards the use of medicine of herbal origin, as the dangers and the shortcoming of modern medicine have started getting more apparent, majority of Ayurvedic formulation are prepared from herbs. It is the cardinal responsibility of the regulatory authorities to ensure that the consumers get the medication, which guaranteed the purity, safety, potency and efficacy. As a result of this Standardization arise for maintaining a good coordination among the quality of raw herb material, in process materials and in final product. Present study was carried out to standardize different types of formulations using pharmaceutical excepients.
Tagetes Erecta Linn (Sunflower) Concise ReviewTECHNOXMART
A Fully Approved Concise Review Of Tagetes Erecta Linn Also Called Sunflower. This Review Is Done After Practicing & All Information Is 100% Genuine Of My Best Knowledge & Is In Fully Systematic Way.
COMMERCIALIZATION OF GE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OR DRUGSavinash sharma
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT STATUS OF MDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
VARIOUS SPECIES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
BIOTRANSFORMATION IN VARIOUS SPECIES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
COMMERCIAL COSMETIC PRODUCT OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
USES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
RELEASES VARIETIES AND PATENT OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
COMMERCIALISATION OF DRUGS.
COMPANIES/ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN PROCUREMENT, PROCESS AND MARKETING OF MEDICINAL HERBS IN KARNATAKA
WEBSITE LINKS.
Development of Suitable Pharmaceutical Dosage forms through Herbal Plant ExtractSriramNagarajan19
In recent years there is a spurt in the interest regarding survival of Ayurvedic forms of medication. In the global perspective, there is a shift towards the use of medicine of herbal origin, as the dangers and the shortcoming of modern medicine have started getting more apparent, majority of Ayurvedic formulation are prepared from herbs. It is the cardinal responsibility of the regulatory authorities to ensure that the consumers get the medication, which guaranteed the purity, safety, potency and efficacy. As a result of this Standardization arise for maintaining a good coordination among the quality of raw herb material, in process materials and in final product. Present study was carried out to standardize different types of formulations using pharmaceutical excepients.
Tagetes Erecta Linn (Sunflower) Concise ReviewTECHNOXMART
A Fully Approved Concise Review Of Tagetes Erecta Linn Also Called Sunflower. This Review Is Done After Practicing & All Information Is 100% Genuine Of My Best Knowledge & Is In Fully Systematic Way.
COMMERCIALIZATION OF GE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OR DRUGSavinash sharma
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT STATUS OF MDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
VARIOUS SPECIES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
BIOTRANSFORMATION IN VARIOUS SPECIES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
COMMERCIAL COSMETIC PRODUCT OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
USES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
RELEASES VARIETIES AND PATENT OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
COMMERCIALISATION OF DRUGS.
COMPANIES/ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN PROCUREMENT, PROCESS AND MARKETING OF MEDICINAL HERBS IN KARNATAKA
WEBSITE LINKS.
In this presentation, Anusha presents an innovative solution that solves the problem of achieving time synchronization for mobile underwater sensor networks
Development of ozone water disinfectioneSAT Journals
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Optimized operation of current fed dual active bridge dc-dc converter for pv ...LeMeniz Infotech
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General Introduction to Herbal Industry.pdfSamerPaser
Know about the present scope and future prospects of herbal drug industry
2. Know about the various plant based industries and institutions
3. Know about the various industries involved in work on medicinal and aromatic plants in
India
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5. Know about the components of GMP and various infrastructural requirements of
working space
PHYTO-NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF BROOM WEED (SIDA ACUTA) LEAF EXTRACTSubmissionResearchpa
Medicinal plants are abundant in phytochemicals that has significant therapeutic effects. They are relatively cheap, effective and safe in prolong use. This experiment was carried out to investigate the phyto-nutritional profile of broom weed (Sida acuta) leaf extract. Proximate analysis Sida acuta leaf indicated the presence of dry matter (91.88 %), crude protein (18.01 %), ash (9.73 %), crude fibre (6.24 %), ether extract (1.77 %) and energy (2760 Kcal/kg). Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, oxalate, phytate, alkaloids, terpenoids and glycosides at 0.82 %, 2.02 %, 4.25 %, 0.20 %, 0.17 %, 0.05 %, 0.23 %, 0.22 %, 0.95 % and 0.02 % respectively and the vitamin constituents are thiamine (0.33 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (30.17 mg/100g), riboflavin (0.05 mg/100g), β-carotene (0.79 mg/100g) and niacin (0.41 mg/100g). Mineral analysis showed that it contained calcium (127.6 mg/100g), phosphorus (78.6 mg/100g), potassium (31.6 mg/100g), magnesium (102.1 mg/100g), iron (2.14 mg/100g), manganese (0.60 mg/100g), copper (0.04 mg/100g) and zinc (1.75 mg/100g). Result on amino acid composition showed that they contained lysine (2.11 mg/100g), arginine (1.77 mg/100g), aspartic acid (2.13 mg/100g), threonine (1.85 mg/100g), histidine (4.71 mg/100g), serine (2.03 mg/100g), glycine (1.05 mg/100g), alanine (3.31 mg/100g), cystine (5.06 mg/100g), valine (0.88 mg/100g), leucine (2.04 mg/100g), phenyalanine (4.72 mg/100g), tyrosine (3.51 mg/100g), isoleucine (2.84 mg/100g), methionine (0.85 mg/100g) and proline (1.05 mg/100g). It was concluded that Sida acuta leaf extract is rich in various nutrients and phytochemicals conferring it the ability to perform multiple biological activities and as a natural alternative to antibiotics. by Shittu, M. D and Alagbe, J.O 2020. PHYTO-NUTRITIONAL PROFILES OF BROOM WEED (SIDA ACUTA) LEAF EXTRACT. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 119-124. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.845. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/845/806 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/845
Quality control parameters for medicinal plantsShah Ummar
Content of Presentation
Global Market: Share
Indian Medicinal Plant Sector Profile
Area and production of Medicinal and Aromatic plants in India
Why Quality Control?
What is Quality control?
Factors contributing to variation in the content and composition of raw materials.
Quality Control Parameters for Medicinal Plant Materials
Limits of Microbial Contamination : (WHO,2006)
Parameters involved in the Quality Evaluation of Herbal Drugs
The Cost of Poor Quality
Standards for Medicinal plants
Quality control Standards
Quality Demands from Global Markets
Genesis of GAP & GFCP
Criteria for Good Agricultural Practices
Criteria for Good Field Collection Practice
Certification process: At a Glance
Voluntary Certification Scheme for Medicinal Plant Produce (VCSMPP)
Conclusion
Study on 10 Medicinal Plants in Sundarban Region, West Bengal, IndiaBRNSS Publication Hub
Modern approaches of ethnobotanical studies on various medicinal plants in Sundarban region are to
create awareness among the locality along with all over India. The aim of the studies of medicinal plants
will focus the cause and the help of treatment diseases. The investigation deals about 10 medicinal plants
which are used by local people throughout the Sundarban region. Ethnomedicinal plants information were
taken by the interview of ojha and local old villagers throughout the study period. In various villages of
this region, it is found that ethnobotanical medicinal plants are used to treat common problems (such as
injuries, stomachache, abdominal disorder, and skin problem). By the field visits and knowledge gather
from the villagers, the study is done to motivate further research on medicinal plants which may lead to
discovery of novel drugs in the fields of research and development study.
biodiversity of medicinal plants in thudaripettai villageIJEAB
The medicinal plants have received more attention among researchers to treat various diseases and disorders. This study was aimed to record the various medicinal plants present in Thudaripettai Village situated in Tharangambadi Taluk, Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu. A total of 60 plant species belonging to 35 families were reported with their medicinal values. These results will provide information about medicinal plants and methods of utilization of these plants to cure various diseases of mankind. Survey of the information of medicinal plants used by the villagers were collected and arranged alphabetically followed by common name, vernacular name, family name, parts of use, methods of uses, medicinal uses and their habit. The information is very much useful for further research which will lead to the discovery of new bioactive compounds from the above medicinal plants.
In vitro callus induction of Melothria purpusilla, a traditional medicinal pl...IJERA Editor
Melothria purpusilla, a member of Cucurbitaceae, is an endemic species found in North-Eastern part of India.
The plant is used traditionally by the people of Manipur in the treatment of jaundice and its roots in fever and
diarrhoea. Tissue culture of medicinal plants was performed as a measure for the conservation of endangered
medicinal plants, Melothria perpusilla. Morphogenetic changes were observed in Melothria perpusilla
explants in the MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of PGRs. Different colours of callus
formation were observed in MS supplemented with BAP, kinetin and IBA. The best callus induction was
observed with MS media supplemented with combination of 1BAP mg/l + 1 IBA mg/l and combination of
1Kinetin mg/l + 1 IBA mg/l.
Medicinal plants importance,scope and uses.ShekhAlisha
A considerable number of definitions have been proposed for the term 'medicinal plant'. According
to the World Health Organization, "a medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its
organs/parts, contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes, or which are precursors for
chemo-pharmaceutical semi synthesis"
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Standardization of Poly Herbal Siddha Medicine Eladhi Chooranaminventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
DPPH Scavenging Assay of Eighty Four Bangladeshi Medicinal PlantsIOSR Journals
This study was designed to screen out free radical scavenging potentiality of 84 medicinal plants. Stock solution of different plant extracts and standard were diluted to achieve suitable concentrations. A control was also prepared without plant extract solution. Then 0.004% DPPH solution was added. The mixtures were incubated in the room temperature for 30 minutes. Then the absorbance was measured at 517 nm against solvent in UV-spectrophotometer and then IC50 was calculated. In this experiment two standard were used-ascorbic acid and BHT. Both showed a significant IC50 value of 15.5μg/mL, and 46.54μg/mL respectively. Among 84 medicinal plants Syzygim cumini, Casuarina littorea, Borassus flabellifer, Enhydra fluctuans, and Minusops elengi exhibited highest radical scavenging potential with an IC50 value of 12.816μg/mL, 14.467μg/mL, 15.755μg/mL, 15.653μg/mL, and 20.380μg/mL respectively. All these value are very close to the IC50 value of ascorbic acid and better than IC50 value of BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene). Syzygim cumini is the most powerful scavenger among all tested medicinal plants and also most strong scavenger than ascorbic acid and BHT. Scavenging activity was found to increase in dose dependent manner. Another 30 medicinal plants exhibited good scavenging property and 14 medicinal plants showed moderate scavenging activity. The rest presented lower scavenging activity. This present study indicates that plants having good scavenging property may have various health beneficial effects and these plants can be considered as valuable source of bioactive components with high antioxidant properties.
Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Studies on Bambusa arundinacea a...SUS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
This study was formulated to check the phytochemical, antioxidant, antibacterial potential of
Bambusa arundinacea (Bamboo) and Mangifera indica (Mango) trees. Aqueous, ethanolic and
methanolic extracts were prepared from leaves of former and stem bark of later. The phytochemical
screening of the extracts showed the presence of various bioactive compounds such as
carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins and proteins in B. arundinacea, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins,
saponins, steroids and cardiac glycosides in M. indica. Total phenolic concentration and
percentage of free radical scavenging activity was more in ethanolic extracts of B. arundinacea and
M. indica followed by methanolic extracts and aqueous extracts. Highest percentage of ferric
reducing antioxidant power was found in ethanolic extracts and lowest in aqueous extracts indicates
that ethanolic extracts has more antioxidant potential than the other two extracts. Ethanolic extracts
of both plants had higher inhibition on the tested Gram positive (B. subtilis & S. aureus) as well as
Gram negative (E.coli & P. aeruginosa) bacteria evidenced from the zones of inhibition. M. indica
showed more therapeutic potential as compared to B. arundinacea and ethanolic as well as
methanolic extracts of both the tested plants were more effective than aqueous extracts due to better
extraction power of organic solvents. Overall study indicates that B. arundinacea and M. indica are
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development of novel drugs and may represent new source of antimicrobials with stable, biologically
active components that can establish a scientific base for further use in modern medicines.
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JB Report
1. The prospects of establishing herbal industry in Nepal through
utilization of Eastern Medicinal plants
Report Submitted to
Jeevan Bikash Samaj Nepal
By
Atul Upadhyay, PhD
Biratnagar - 13
2. 1. Background
The traditional use of herbal medicines implies substantial historical use, and this is certainly true
for many products that are available as traditional herbal medicines. In many developing countries,
about 80% of the population relies on traditional practitioners and their armamentarium of the
medicinal plants in order to meet health care needs. Although modern medicine may exists side-by-
side with such traditional practice, herbal medicines have often maintained their popularity for
historical and cultural reasons. One of the major advantages of Ayurveda is patient-centred treatment;
the conventional medicine applies disease-centred treatment. The latter focuses more on a particular
disease of a patient, whereas Ayurveda implies both holistic and personalised treatment method on
patients.
The total herbal drug market is estimated to be US $ 100 billion and expected to grow at an
annual rate of 5-15% and the market is estimated to US $ 5 trillion by 2050. China alone shares 6% of
the total market while India covers 1% of the world market. The herbal products have become more
widely available commercially, especially in developed countries. In this modern setting, ingredients
are sometimes marketed for uses that were never contemplated in the traditional healing systems from
which they emerged. An example is the use of red mushroom (ganoderma) for longevity or mixtures
of essential oils from several medicinal plants (Sancho) for various ailments.
This is the report submitted to Jeevan Bikash Samaj, Morang after conducting intensive survey on
traditional medicinal plants from Eastern Hilly regions of Nepal (500 – 3500 m). Selected plants were
collected and brought to the laboratory and biochemical analysis of antioxidant properties and total
phenolic content was conducted.
2. Methodology
2.1 Study Area
The study area included the Eastern hilly region of the country (Fig. 1) and the main focus was
given to the Tinjure – Milke – Jalje area (recognized by the IUCN; Fig. 2). Moreover, the
Sindhuli district of Janakpur zone was also considered for survey purpose.
3. Figure 1. Areas visited for the survey of medicinal plants
Figure 2. Focal areas where plant samples were collected.
2.2 Survey methodology:
The primary data were obtained on site through participant observations, semi-structured
interviews (Key informant and Focus group), and questionnaires. The field work was carried
out from Falgun 1 - Falgun 15, 2072. We used the methods from ethno-botany (Martin, 1995)
4. and ethnography (Spradley, 1979). Prior informed consent was obtained orally from each
informant. Information was collected through open-ended and semi-structured interviews in
which topic guides, questionnaires, drawings, photographs and living plant materials were
used as auxiliary resources. A participant observation technique was also applied. Identified
specimens were collected with the help of botanist and several key informants (Limbu,
Sherpa, and traditional practitioners). A total of 68 important plants used in 23 different types
of pathological conditions were identified. Interestingly, none of the plants were used against
diabetes. The list of plants are provided in Table 1.
2.3 Extract preparation
The methanolic extracts of different plant samples were prepared by dispersing 10 – 50 g
of dried and powdered plant materials in 50 – 500 mL methanol for 48 h. Repeated extraction
was performed to obtain the maximum amount of extract.
2.4 Total phenolic content
The total phenolic content was measured spectrophotmetrically as described previously
(Upadhyay et al., 2014) and was expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) in mg/100 g
extract. Briefly, to 200 µL of test samples 1 mL of Folic-Ciocalteu’s reagent, and 0.8 mL of
sodium carbonate (7.5%) were added. The mixture was allowed to stand for 30 min and the
absorption was measured at 765 nm using UV-VIS spectrophotometer.
2.5 DPPH Scavenging activity
The radical scavenging activity was evaluated as described previously (Upadhyay et al.,
2013). Briefly, different concentration of 1 mL of plant extract (10 – 1000 µg/mL) were
mixed with 0.5 mL of 0.5 mM DPPH solution. The mixture was incubated in dark for 30 min
at room temperature. Absorbance was measured at 517 nm using UV-VIS spectrophotometer.
The DPPH scavenging activity was calculated using
% DPPH scavenging activity = ([Ac – As] / Ac) x 100,
where, Ac is the absorbance of the control (DPPH solution without test sample) and As is
the absorbance with the test sample. The IC50 value was determined as the concentration
required to give 50% DPPH radical scavenging activity.
5. 3. Results and Discussion
3.1 List of plant collected for analysis
A total of 66 medicinal plants were documented from the surveyed areas (Table 1). Out of
which, 28 plant samples were collected for analysis. Some of the plants that could not be
collected were due to unavailability of samples in adequate amount.
3.2 Antioxidant activities
The antioxidant activities were measured using DPPH free radical scavenging activity.
The free radicals are generated in the human body due to several reasons including food habit
(alcohol, tobacco, fatty foods, etc.), pollution, pesticides, etc. These radicals further cause
damages in the cells and lead to several pathological conditions like cancers, cardiovascular
diseases, diabetes. Therefore, scavenging of free radicals through nutritional intervention is a
suitable method to prevent the onset of diseases. In this study, several plant samples and their
parts revealed potent DPPH scavenging activity (Fig. 6). The study revealed that leaf of
pakhanbed (B. ciliate) possessed the highest DPPH scavenging activity with IC50 value of 20
µg/mL. This low value certainly indicates its possible usages in establishing herbal industry.
The other plant samples with significant activities were obtained from laliguras (R.
arboretum) and asuro leaves (A. vasica).
Furthermore, the total phenolic content analysis of the sample exhibited that pakhanbed
leaf had the highest amount with a value of 112.3 mg GAE/g sample (Fig. 7). This was
followed by pakhanbed flower, laliguras, aiselu, and asuro. These data clearly indicated that
the parts of pakhanbed, laliguras and aiselu has possibilities in industrial application.
Herbal Industries in Nepal
The Nepalese herbal industries mainly export certain herbs and essential oils, which are
widely used as raw materials for producing various consumer products. The Singh Durbar
Vaidyakhana is the only government owned Ayurvedic medicines manufacturing and
processing unit. Nepal exports an estimated 6000 tonnes of herbal products annually to India,
China, Singapore, and EU countries. Most of these products are exported in their raw state or
in finished or semi-finished form. In 2012-13, the country generated around 12.7 million USD
from the herbal products, which is a mere 0.01% of total world market. Most of these
products are plant essential oils, mainly, lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), Calamus
(Acaras calamus), Cinmmaon (Cinnamomum tamala), Basil (Ocimum basilicum), Citronela
6. (Cymbopogon winterianus), etc. Around 50 pharmaceutical and 300 trading companies are
established in the nation which deals with herbal products. Most of these companies are
involved with plants like Chirayito (Swertia chirayita), Lauth salla (Taxus spp.), Majitho
(Bubico cordifolia), Harro (Terminalia chebula), Pipla (Piper longum), etc. Furthermore,
some private Ayurvedic clinics, hospitals, and medical colleges are gaining popularity in the
country, primarily due to the lack of satisfaction from the conventional medicines, particularly
of the patients suffering from life-style and chronic diseases including certain cancers,
diabetes and hypertension. These hospitals prescribe Ayurvedic drugs and medicines, which
has increased the demand of herbal products within the country itself.
Prospects of herbal industry from Pakhanbed, laliguras and Asuro.
The rich ecosystem of Nepal has a great potentiality for income generation and therefore,
it is important to preserve the value of the medicinal plants as it is economically important.
The vast valuable indigenous knowledge such as preparation methods, plant parts uses and
other traditional knowledge should be conserved. However, comparing with other countries,
the medicinal and herbal plant industry is lagging far behind and, therefore, a semi- to large-
scale cultivation of these herbs should be made to meet the future needs. The increasing
global market of herbal products has also created a better environment for investment and
therefore, strategic investment is highly required involving a multidisciplinary approach
ranging from modernisation of traditional agricultural practices to manufacturing and
marketing of the processed herbal products.
i) Pakhanbed
Pakhanbed (Berginia ciliata) is one of the traditional remedies used for several diseases since
prehistoric times. It is found in moist rocks under forest shade, at an altitude of 1900 – 2600
m.
a) Medicinal Uses
Lithontriptic (ability to break kidney stones), Ophthalmic (related to eye), Poultice
(relieves pain), Tonic (Increases mental or physical strength).
Juice or powder: Treat urinary troubles (Nepal)
Juice of the leaves relieve ear aches.
Root: Tonic, fever, diarrhoea, eye, backache, dissolving stone
b) Industrial Application:
7. Preparation of pakhanbed powder capsules and tablets
Preparation of Juice
Figure 3. Leaf and flower of Pakhanbed
ii) Laliguras (R. arboreum)
8. Laliguras is an evergreen shrub or small tree with a showy display of bright red flowers.
It is the national flower of Nepal. It is found in 1400 – 3200 m high in the high hills.
a) Medicinal uses: Antidiabetic, fever
b) Problems: Presence of Gryanotoxin in nectars and pollens of the flower.
Figure 4. Laliguras flower and leaf
iii) Asuro (A. vasica)
Asuro, A. vasica, is a medicinal plant native to Asia and widely used in Siddha Medicine,
Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicine. The plant grows in plains and in lower Himalayan
ranges up to a height of 1000 m.
a) Medicinal uses:
Treating cold, cough, whooping cough, bronchitis, asthma
Sedative, expectorant, antispasmodic
Anticarcinogenic
Rheumatism, TB, bleeding gums
b) Industrial Application
Extract preparation
9. Certain cough syrup manufacturing industries (Glycodin) use asuro extract in their
preparation.
Figure 5. Asuro Leaves
iv) Citrus peel oil
The citrus fruit (junar) available in Sindhuli district has resulted in the production of juice and
other products resulting in large amount of peels to be generated as a waste. This has urged to
utilize the peels and therefore a possible plan for industry establishment is considered.
However, following questions need to be answered before considering to establishing an
industry.
Availability of the market? (Possibly France)
Is the mass production possible?
How many liters can be produced?
Several other companies are producing oils in bulk quantity, can we do the same?
The major concern seems to be in the mass production of the peel oil. Furthermore, due to the
unknown viral infection in the plant, abundant quantity of fruits may not be produced.
However, if large amount of peels could be generated, extra revenues could be produced by
utilizing the waste.
Industrial Application:
Extraction of peel oil
Utilization of oil-removed peel for herbal applications
10. CONCLUSION
1. Most herbs surveyed and analysed in the study were used traditionally against Jaundice
and fever and not a single had traditional claim against diabetes or cancer.
2. Several plants had potent antioxidant activity as revealed by DPPH radical scavenging
and total phenolic content assays.
3. The most impact plant was identified as
i) Pakhanbed (B. ciliata)
ii) Laliguras (R. arboreum)
iii) Asuro (A. vasica)
4. The citrus peel could be utilized provided it be produced in sufficient quantity to make
the industry feasible.
Recommendations:
1. The JBS can promote the plantation of Pakhanbed and Asuro
2. There is a scope of establishing processing industries for these two plants
3. Tie up with research organization like University of Antwerp (Belgium) and Earth
Open Source (USA) for development and marketing of the product.