This document discusses theories of learning English for children. It explains that to learn a language like English, children must learn basic sounds, how words combine to form sentences, and word and sentence meanings. The main components of language that children must learn are phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Effective teaching methods take learning theories like behaviorism, cognitivism, humanism and constructivism into account. Constructivist views emphasize active, experiential learning through hands-on activities and collaborative projects.

1. English for Children
Oktian Fajar Nugroho, S.Pd
STKIP Panca Sakti
Tangerang, 2014

2.  Theories of learning
 Teaching Media

3.  To master a spoken language such as
English, a child must learn:
◦ Basic sounds
◦ How words are combined to form meaningful
statements
◦ What words and sentences mean

4.  Children must learn to hear and pronounce
the phonemes of their language to make
sense of the speech they hear and to be
understood when they speak.

5.  Phonology
◦ Is the sound system of language, and basic units of
sound in any given language are its phonemes. Children
must learn to hear and pronounce the phonemes of
theirs language.
 Morphology
◦ Rules for forming words from sounds. Ex: past tense,etc
 Syntax
◦ Rules for forming sentences from words.
 Semantics
◦ The aspects of language that concerns meanings.
 Pragmantics
◦ Rules specifying how language is used appropriately in
different social contexts.

6.  Human communication involves not only
language but also forms of nonverbal
communication.
◦ Facial expressions
◦ Tone of voice (intonation)
◦ Gestures

7. English for Children
Oktian Fajar Nugroho, S.Pd
STKIP Panca Sakti
Tangerang, 2014

8. Oktian Fajar Nugroho, S.Pd

9. Learning theory is a
tools to understand
how to teach the
student well.

10. INPUTS OUTCOMES
INPUTS Learning OUTCOMES
So what’s happening inside the box?

11.  Inside the box there are 4 theories:
behaviorism
cognitivism
humanism
constuctivism

12.  Learning is a change in behavior as a result of
the interaction between stimulus and
response.
 A person is considered to have learned
something if he is able to demonstrate
changes in behavior.

13.  Rewards and
punishments
 Responsibility for
student learning
rests squarely
with the teacher
 Lecture-based,
highly structured

15.  Ausubel argues that
- teachers should be able to develop the
cognitive potential of students through
the meaningful learning process.
- the learning activities of students,
especially those in primary education-level
would be beneficial if they are
involved in many hands-on activities.
-

16.  Inquiry-oriented
projects
 Opportunities for the
testing of hypotheses
 Curiosity encouraged

17. according to the constructivist view, in
the process of student learning should
be active doing activities, active thinking,
develop the concept and meaning
members about things that are being
studied.

18.  Experiential activities
 Personal focus
 Collaborative &
cooperative learning

19.  According to Abraham Maslow and Carl
Rogers:
- In humanism, learning is a process of
learner-centered and personalized, and
the educator's role is as a facilitator.
- Affective and cognitive needs are the
keys, and the goal is to build a human
being who can actualized themself in a
cooperative and supportive environment.

20. 1. Open education (choose activity by the
students)
2. Cooperative learning (example : cooking,
find an animals, find a number, find a
alphabet)

21. Oktian Fajar Nugroho, S.Pd