There are five basic themes of geography: location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, and region. Location describes where a place is either through absolute coordinates or relative to other places. Place examines the physical and human characteristics that define a location. Human-environment interaction considers how humans modify and are adapted to their surroundings. Movement refers to the transportation and migration of people, goods, and ideas. Region divides the world into meaningful geographic units based on formal, functional, or perceived boundaries.

2. Presented to:
Sir Asad Aziz
Presented by:
19011504-041
19011504-045
190115040-56
19011504-058
19011504-064
Course:
Fundamentals of Geography GEO-103
Semester:
(B.S)2nd
Department:
Islamic studies

4. 5 themes of geography
 There are five basic themes of geography:
1. Location
2. Place
3. Human environment interaction
4. Movement
5. Region

6. location
 Most geographic studies begin by learning the location of
places.
 Location can be:
 Absolute or
 Relative.

7. Absolute location
 Provides a definite reference for locating a place. The
reference can be latitude and longitude, a street address, or
even the Township and Range system. For example, you
might be located at 183 Main Street in Any town, USA or you
might be positioned at 42.2542° N, 77.7906° W.

8. Relative location
 Describes a place with respect to its environment and its
connection to other places. As an example, a home might be
located 1.3 miles from the Atlantic Ocean, .4 miles from the
town's elementary school, and 32 miles from the nearest
international airport.

9. place
 Place describes the human and physical characteristics of a
location.

10. Physical characteristics
 Includes a description of such things as mountains, rivers,
beaches, topography, climate, and animal and plant life of a
place. If a place is described as hot, sandy, fertile, or
forested, these terms all paint a picture of the location's
physical characteristics. A topographical map is one tool used
to illustrate the physical characteristics of a location.

11. Human characteristics
 Includes the human-designed cultural features of a place.
These features include land use, architectural styles, forms of
livelihood, religious practices, political systems, common
foods, local folklore, means of transportation, and methods of
communication. For example, a location could be described
as a technologically advanced French-speaking democracy
with a Catholic majority.

13. Human environment interaction
 This theme considers how humans adapt to and modify the
environment. Humans shape the landscape through their
interaction with the land, which has both positive and
negative effects on the environment. As an example of the
human-environment interaction, think about how people living
in cold climates have often mined coal or drilled for natural
gas in order to heat their homes. Another example would be
the massive landfill projects in Boston conducted in the 18th
and 19th centuries to expand habitable areas and improve
transportation.

14. Movement

15. regions
 Regions divide the world into manageable units for
geographic study. Regions have some sort of characteristic
that unifies the area and can be formal, functional, or
vernacular.

16. Formal regions
 These are designated by official boundaries, such as cities, states,
counties, and countries. For the most part, they are clearly indicated
and publicly known.

17. Functional regions
 These are defined by their connections. For example, the
circulation area for a major city area is the functional region
of that paper.

18. Vernacular regions
 These include perceived regions, such as "The South," "The
Midwest," or the "Middle East"; they have no formal
boundaries but are understood in mental maps of the world.

19. Traditions of geography

20. Tradition of geography
 Tradition of geography relates to the in-depth analysis of the
particulars of a place—such as the distribution of one aspect
over an area—using quantitative techniques and tools that
might include such things as computerized mapping and
geographic information systems,

21. The Spatial Perspective
 A historical perspective focuses on the temporal dimension of
human experience (time and chronology), while geography is
concerned with the spatial dimension of human experience
(space and place). The space of Earth's surface is the
fundamental characteristic underpinning geography.

22. Area analysis
 Area analysis is study of areas and regions of the world like
Europe, India, and Pakistan etc.
 Area analysis is also the study of physical areas like
mountains, forests etc.
 It also study the cultural region like language, way of life etc.

23. Earth Science Traditions
 The Earth Science Tradition is the study of planet Earth as
the home to humans and its systems

24. Cultural environment Traditions
 Studies the relationship between humans and their physical
environment
 Studies the impact people have on the environment
 Often falls to criticism by the anti-environmentalists and
various industries