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Pedagogy of School Subject Geography

Geography means studying the Earth and its features, including: - Physical features like landforms, bodies of water, climate, vegetation - Human features like population distribution, land use, infrastructure, political boundaries - The relationship between humans and the environment - How the physical environment influences human activities and vice versa - Spatial patterns on Earth's surface and reasons for why things are located where they are

Education◦
B.Ed. PEDAGOGY OF SCHOOL SUBJECT GEOGRAPHY 1.1 Meaning, Definition, Nature & Scope of Geography Subject.
Objectives • Explain the nature of the subject. • Describes the nature of geography as a subject • It attempts to enrich knowledge & illustrate basic concepts regarding Geography Subject. • Elaborate wider scope of Geography Subject. 2
INTRODUCTION • Geography is one of the oldest earth science & its roots date back in the works of the early Greek scholars. • The word „geography‟ was first used by the Greek scholar Eratosthenes in the third century B.C. 3
CONCEPT • Geography has been defined differently through different periods of its history. • Geographical work in ancient Greece had followed two distinct traditions. • One was the mathematical tradition which was focused on fixing the location of places on the earth‟s surface. 4
• The other was gathering geographic information through travels and field work. • According to them, the purpose of geography was to provide a description of the physical features & conditions in different parts of the world. • The emergence of regional approach in geography also emphasized the descriptive character of geography. 5
MEANING • Geo “ Earth” and Graphy “to describe” • The word geography can be broken into the two basic parts "GEO" and "GRAPHY”. GEO + GRAPHY • Literally In other words “Geography is largely the study of the interaction of all physical & human phenomena and landscapes created by such interactions.” 6
• It is about how, why, and where human & natural activities occur & how these activities are interconnected. • Means, "to write about the Earth." • Literal meaning of geography is to describe about the earth‟s surfaces. 7
“Geography” - 2 Greek words geo (Earth) graphy (writing/ description) It is a subject that studies… Earth‟s surfaces & processes that shape it relationships between humans & physical environments 8
• Geography is the study of the differentiation of the earth surface, as shown in the character, arrangement, & inter-relations over the earth of elements such as climate, relief, soil, vegetation, population, land use, industries, or states, and of the unit areas formed by the complex of these individual elements. • Geography is the science that describes the earth surface with particular reference to the differentiation & relationships of areas. 9
Example of Geography in daily life. The natural phenomena like mountains, rivers, lakes etc. change slowly While the cultural elements like buildings, roads, crops, change fast. Travelling from one place to another you notice that the trees number and types of trees change from area to area. 10
Example of Geography in daily life. All this is because of the continuous interaction between the environment in which we live in & the way we use it. The study of Geography is about observing such patterns. 11
To develop the knowledge and understanding of where we live, other places, how people & the places interrelate Earth‟s surfaces & processes that shape it. The skills needed to carry out geographical study (e.g., enquiry, map work & fieldwork) Interest in, & to encourage an appreciation of the world around us Develop concern for the world around us & an ability & willingness to take positive action both locally & globally Purpose of Geography
For example: Knowing Mt Everest is the highest peak (8850m) in the world is not understanding geography …unless we seek to understand But, knowing one isolated geographical fact does not mean there is geographical understanding! Why it is the highest peak? 13 How is it created? How its location influences the Political security, downstream Flooding & access to water of the Surrounding areas?
Geography, not only investigates what is where on the Earth but also why it is there. Geographers study the location of the activities, carefully identify patterns using maps & find out the reasons for these patterns. 14
• The areas are then described based on the distribution of land forms, population, house type & agriculture. • Today, all over the world there are problems related to providing food security, health, effective energy use & environmental conservation. 15
Nature of Geography as a discipline In brief: • 1. Geography is a science of space. • 2. Maps are an essential tool of geographers. • 3. Digital Geographical Information system is a new tool for making maps. • 4. Spatial Planning can be done using both maps & the study of geography 16
Geography as a study of the earth‟s surface. Geography as the study of man-environment relationships. • According to Humboldt, geography is the science related to nature & it studies & describes all material things found on earth. • Another important school of thought defined geography as the study of man-environment relationships. 17
Geography has three main branches : physical, Human and Regional. 1. Physical geography deals with nature of physical phenomena such as climatology, soil & vegetation. 2. Human geography deals with the relationship between human societies & the earth‟s surface. 3. Aspects such as delineation of regions, their geographical characteristics & processes of change constitute regional geography.
Scope  Geography has now acquired the status of science  It explains the arrangements of various natural & cultural features on the earth surface.  Geography is a holistic & interdisciplinary field of study.  Engaged in understanding the changing spatial structure from past to the future. Thus, the scope of geography is in various disciplines, like armed services, environment management, water resources, disaster management, meteorology and planning and various social sciences. Apart from that, a geographer can help in day to day life like tourism, commuting, housing & health related activities. 19
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GEOGRAPHY AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY SUBJECT Geography has its strong relation with mathematics, natural sciences, & social sciences. While other sciences deal with distinctive types of phenomena, geography studies several kinds of phenomena, each already studied by another science.
22 Geography as Interdisciplinary subject It encompasses many aspects of both Arts and Science disciplines.
Geography , a link subject • Is a link subject between physical sciences and social sciences. • Geography is study of earth, as the home of man. • All aspects of human life is touched by geography. • Every human activity has some geographical importance. • The teaching geography has two-fold correlation ship. • 1. It is related to humanities or social sciences, like history, economics, political science, literature and art etc. • 2. It is correlated with natural sciences like physics, chemistry, geology, mathematics etc. 23
Geography & History  Geography deals with the space factor or places  & History with time factor or periods.  Geography describes the stage on which human life is enacted  & History describes the drama of human life.  No history can be complete without some reference to space.  We come to know how the physical features of a country have influenced and can influence the course of history.  In teaching history, maps, charts and diagrams must be used.  Geography is very helpful in explaining historical events. 24
Geography & Political Science  Political science study foundation of the State and the principles of government.  Sometimes political administration differs from country to country.  This difference is due to geographical conditions.  In different countries traditions, political principles and other things are guided by geographical factors.  Physical condition influence the character, the national life of the people and the political institutions.  World citizenship and world government have become the ideals of Political Science & practical politics. 25
Geography & Economics • In geography more attention is paid to economic conditions. • Economic geography is given more importance. • Various principles are described, on the basis of which it is possible to study the economic aspects of the geographical factors. • Study of man‟s economic activities as controlled or influenced by physical environment. • Agriculture, minerals, forests, industries, and trade are all influenced by geographical factors. • It is the geographical factors which govern the wealth of a particular country or nation. 26
Geography& Literature  Literature has been very much influenced by geographical conditions.  It is full of nature and natural phenomena in the form of poetry, drama, epics, & stories.  The old literature is full of beautiful descriptions of rivers, rain, wind, clouds, mountains, sun, moon, stars & sky etc.  It provide rich subject matter to literature. 27
Geography & Art & Craft • Practical geography provides a vast relationship with Art & Craft. • Drawing of diagrams, outlines, graphs, charts & maps etc. are important for Geography • It is possible through art activities to prepare above teaching aids. • Craft helps in making models of lands, dams, canals, wind vane. • Helps art student in drawing fine picture of mountains, rivers, lakes, sun-rise, sun-set etc. • 28
Geography & Mathematics • Some problems in geography cannot be solved without the reference of mathematics. • Involves calculations, surveys, measurements, graphs. • There is use of mathematics training. • E.g. population, agriculture, exports, imports, minerals production, distribution of rainfall etc. 29
30 What does Geography mean to you? • In groups brainstorm the meaning of Geography. • You can put down anything you think Geography is about or related to. Take about 5 minutes to brainstorm and put down the ideas on the paper provided.
Pedagogy of School Subject Geography