The document provides background information on Wilkie Collins' novel "The Woman in White". It discusses how the novel was groundbreaking as one of the earliest mystery/sensation novels. It became hugely popular upon its release in 1860, establishing Collins' reputation. The summary also touches on Collins' unconventional personal life and relationships, and how sensation novels explored social anxieties through dramatic plot twists and challenges to typical gender norms.
Charles dickens's contribution as a novelistbhavnabaraiya
Charles Dickens was one of the most famous Victorian authors, known for his social commentary and criticism in novels such as Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, and Great Expectations. He drew from his own experiences with poverty and debt as the second of eight children in a family continually struggling financially. Though he had little formal education, his writing brought him great success and fame. His novels are characterized by humor, pathos, and a focus on social issues through vivid portrayals of characters and settings.
Charles Dickens was born in 1812 in Portsmouth, England to a middle-class family. He had a happy childhood until his father's financial troubles forced the family to move to London, where they lived in poverty. Dickens had to leave school and work in a factory to support his family. His father was imprisoned for debt, which further impacted the family. Dickens went on to have a successful career as a writer, authoring famous novels such as Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, and David Copperfield. He used his writing to draw attention to social issues and injustices of his time. Dickens was one of the most popular writers of the 19th century in both England and America before his
Geoffrey Chaucer is considered the father of English literature. He lived in 14th century England and served three kings during his lifetime. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. Chaucer used his experiences to observe and accurately portray the various classes and personalities of 14th century English society in his works. His most famous work, The Canterbury Tales, offers a collection of stories that provide a vivid picture of medieval life in England.
The Victorian Era document provides background information on Victorian literature and themes. It discusses that Victorian literature was written during Queen Victoria's reign from 1837 to 1901. Major events during this time included rapid population growth, technological advances, and Darwin's theory of evolution. Popular Victorian authors included Robert Browning, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Charles Darwin, and Henry David Thoreau. Common Victorian themes centered around issues like social classes, industrialization, and the conflict between science and religion. The document also provides brief biographies of Alfred Lord Tennyson and Robert Browning and directs students to analyze sample poems from each author.
T.S. Eliot was an American-British poet, playwright, and literary critic born in 1888 in Missouri. Some of his most influential works include The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, The Waste Land, and Four Quartets. Eliot's poetry was characterized by disjointed images and allusions to express the disillusionment of the post-WWI period. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948 for works that helped shape modern literature.
The document discusses Victorian literature during the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901. It provides context on the growth of the British Empire, the Industrial Revolution, and changing social conditions including urbanization and the role of women. Major literary genres of this period are described, including the rise of the novel, poetry, and drama. Key authors like Charles Dickens, the Brontë sisters, Alfred Lord Tennyson, and Oscar Wilde are mentioned in relation to their contributions to Victorian literature.
Virginia Woolf was a pioneering modernist author born in 1882 who experimented with stream-of-consciousness techniques in her novels and essays. In her influential 1929 essay A Room of One's Own, Woolf argues that women writers throughout history lacked the financial means and independence afforded to male writers, hindering their ability to develop and realize their full artistic potential. She speculates about how a hypothetical extremely gifted sister of Shakespeare named Judith may have been prevented from writing due to societal constraints facing women. The essay also examines how factors like poverty can impact an author's work and the relationship between anger over one's situation and the creative process.
Harold Pinter was a British playwright, screenwriter, and director who was born in 1930 in London. He wrote 29 plays and directed nearly 50 productions for stage, film, and television. Some of his most famous plays include The Birthday Party and The Caretaker. Pinter is known for his use of ambiguous language and situations that escalate from mundane to menacing in a way that reflects everyday speech. His works often explore themes of isolation, power relations, and the inability to communicate. Pinter was diagnosed with cancer in 2001 but continued working until his death in 2008, when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Charles dickens's contribution as a novelistbhavnabaraiya
Charles Dickens was one of the most famous Victorian authors, known for his social commentary and criticism in novels such as Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, and Great Expectations. He drew from his own experiences with poverty and debt as the second of eight children in a family continually struggling financially. Though he had little formal education, his writing brought him great success and fame. His novels are characterized by humor, pathos, and a focus on social issues through vivid portrayals of characters and settings.
Charles Dickens was born in 1812 in Portsmouth, England to a middle-class family. He had a happy childhood until his father's financial troubles forced the family to move to London, where they lived in poverty. Dickens had to leave school and work in a factory to support his family. His father was imprisoned for debt, which further impacted the family. Dickens went on to have a successful career as a writer, authoring famous novels such as Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, and David Copperfield. He used his writing to draw attention to social issues and injustices of his time. Dickens was one of the most popular writers of the 19th century in both England and America before his
Geoffrey Chaucer is considered the father of English literature. He lived in 14th century England and served three kings during his lifetime. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. Chaucer used his experiences to observe and accurately portray the various classes and personalities of 14th century English society in his works. His most famous work, The Canterbury Tales, offers a collection of stories that provide a vivid picture of medieval life in England.
The Victorian Era document provides background information on Victorian literature and themes. It discusses that Victorian literature was written during Queen Victoria's reign from 1837 to 1901. Major events during this time included rapid population growth, technological advances, and Darwin's theory of evolution. Popular Victorian authors included Robert Browning, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Charles Darwin, and Henry David Thoreau. Common Victorian themes centered around issues like social classes, industrialization, and the conflict between science and religion. The document also provides brief biographies of Alfred Lord Tennyson and Robert Browning and directs students to analyze sample poems from each author.
T.S. Eliot was an American-British poet, playwright, and literary critic born in 1888 in Missouri. Some of his most influential works include The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, The Waste Land, and Four Quartets. Eliot's poetry was characterized by disjointed images and allusions to express the disillusionment of the post-WWI period. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948 for works that helped shape modern literature.
The document discusses Victorian literature during the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901. It provides context on the growth of the British Empire, the Industrial Revolution, and changing social conditions including urbanization and the role of women. Major literary genres of this period are described, including the rise of the novel, poetry, and drama. Key authors like Charles Dickens, the Brontë sisters, Alfred Lord Tennyson, and Oscar Wilde are mentioned in relation to their contributions to Victorian literature.
Virginia Woolf was a pioneering modernist author born in 1882 who experimented with stream-of-consciousness techniques in her novels and essays. In her influential 1929 essay A Room of One's Own, Woolf argues that women writers throughout history lacked the financial means and independence afforded to male writers, hindering their ability to develop and realize their full artistic potential. She speculates about how a hypothetical extremely gifted sister of Shakespeare named Judith may have been prevented from writing due to societal constraints facing women. The essay also examines how factors like poverty can impact an author's work and the relationship between anger over one's situation and the creative process.
Harold Pinter was a British playwright, screenwriter, and director who was born in 1930 in London. He wrote 29 plays and directed nearly 50 productions for stage, film, and television. Some of his most famous plays include The Birthday Party and The Caretaker. Pinter is known for his use of ambiguous language and situations that escalate from mundane to menacing in a way that reflects everyday speech. His works often explore themes of isolation, power relations, and the inability to communicate. Pinter was diagnosed with cancer in 2001 but continued working until his death in 2008, when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
This document provides an overview of 18th century English literature, focusing on major authors and works from the period known as the Age of Samuel Johnson. It discusses Johnson's influential contributions as a poet, essayist, and lexicographer. It also summarizes the works and significance of three major Irish authors from the period: Oliver Goldsmith, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, and Laurence Sterne. Additionally, it examines the rise of sentimentalism in 18th century poetry and prose fiction.
Geoffrey Chaucer was an English author, poet and philosopher born in 1343 in London. He held several jobs working for the English royal family which exposed him to people from different classes. His most famous work is The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by pilgrims on a religious pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral. The stories provide insight into the various social classes of 14th century England. Chaucer was one of the first authors to write extensively in the English vernacular, helping to establish Middle English as a literary language.
The document discusses the rise of the novel as a genre in the 18th century. It provides definitions of the novel and traces its origins from prototypes in Elizabethan literature. The rise of the novel coincided with the rise of the middle class in Europe as printing technology advanced and literacy rates increased. Early novels took different forms such as epistolary, realistic, philosophical, and experimental novels. Major early novelists included Defoe, Fielding, Richardson, Sterne, and Swift. Theories on the rise of the novel discussed include formal realism, progressive narrative, and specific novelistic features before the formal establishment of the genre.
Alexander Pope was an 18th-century English poet born in London in 1688. He is best known for his satirical verse and use of the heroic couplet. Pope was educated informally as a Catholic in London. He published his first major poems An Essay on Criticism in 1711 and The Rape of the Lock in 1712-1714, which established his fame as a poet and satirist.
Characteristics of Victorian literature .... Niyati Pathak
The document is a paper on Victorian literature submitted to MKBU's Department of English. It discusses the key characteristics of Victorian literature, including an emphasis on morality, the impact of Darwin's theory of evolution causing a revolt against religion, and major intellectual developments in science and education during this time period. The literature reflected a desire to convey moral messages to readers and expose truths about human life, as seen in works like George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss. It was a time of conflict between religion and new scientific theories, as well as rapid technological change and industrialization influenced by the Industrial Revolution.
F. Scott Fitzgerald lived from 1896 to 1940. He is considered one of the greatest American authors of the 20th century. Fitzgerald attended Catholic schools in New York and Minnesota as a youth. He went to Princeton University but dropped out to join the army during World War I. While in the army, he met and fell in love with Zelda Sayre. They married after the publication of his first novel, This Side of Paradise, which was a great success. Fitzgerald wrote several other novels set in the 1920s, including The Great Gatsby. However, he and Zelda struggled with alcoholism and financial problems. Zelda suffered a mental breakdown in the 1930s. Fitzgerald died in 1940 while working on
Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) is considered the father of English poetry. He lived during the reigns of King Edward III and King Richard II, dying the year after King Henry IV took the throne. His most famous work is The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of 29 pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral. The stories provide a vivid social chronicle of 14th century English life, with realistic portrayals of characters from different classes and occupations. Chaucer used his skills in characterization, humor, and language to establish English as a literary language and usher in the Renaissance in English literature.
Seamus Heaney was an Irish poet born in 1939 in Northern Ireland. He drew inspiration from rural life and the natural world of his childhood. His works explored the conflict in Northern Ireland and sought to understand rather than condemn those involved. Heaney believed the poet's task was to examine the historical and psychological roots of violence. He used traditional forms and drew from Anglo-Saxon poetry to craft elegant, precise works that gave universal meaning to personal and political themes.
George Bernard Shaw was an Irish playwright born in 1856 who became a prominent socialist figure. After being exposed to irregular schooling and poverty in his youth, he moved to London in 1876 and joined the Fabian Society, a socialist organization. He wrote over 60 plays that addressed political and social issues through witty dialogue. His most famous play, Pygmalion (1912), tells the story of Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl who is taught to speak like an upper-class woman in a bet between Professor Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering. The play examines the rigid class divisions in Victorian society and whether a person's identity can truly be changed by their speech and manners.
The document provides an overview of William Congreve's play "The Way of the World". It summarizes the plot, which involves two lovers, Mirabell and Millamant, trying to gain the approval of Millamant's aunt Lady Wishfort for their marriage in order to receive Millamant's inheritance. It also outlines the main characters and themes of the play, such as marriage, love, deception, and social class, situating it in the context of Restoration comedy during the late 17th century in England.
This document provides biographical and contextual information about the English novelist George Eliot. It notes that she was one of the leading writers of the Victorian Era and used a male pen name. The document summarizes some of her major works, including Middlemarch, which has been called the greatest English novel, and Daniel Deronda, her last completed novel. It provides dates of her birth and death and discusses her relationship with George Henry Lewes and her career as a translator, poet, and journalist in addition to being a novelist.
William Somerset Maugham was a British novelist, playwright, and short story writer. He was one of the most popular writers of his era. The document provides biographical details about Maugham, including that he was born in Paris in 1874 and died in Nice, France in 1965. It also lists some of his major works such as Of Human Bondage, The Razor's Edge, and The Moon and Sixpence.
Geoffrey Chaucer "The Father of English Literature"Diesho Urra
Geoffrey Chaucer (circa 1340-1400) is considered the Father of English Literature. He was born in London to a wealthy wine merchant family. Chaucer worked as a public servant and fought in the Hundred Years' War before becoming Comptroller of Customs in London. His most famous work is The Canterbury Tales, written in the late 14th century, which features a group of pilgrims telling stories on their journey to Canterbury Cathedral. Chaucer was buried in Westminster Abbey's Poets' Corner upon his death in 1400.
This document provides a biography and overview of author D.H. Lawrence. It discusses his themes of love, sex, and cultural decay explored in his novels and poetry. It then analyzes his short story "The Odour of Chrysanthemums" which examines the failure of communication and understanding between a mining wife, Elizabeth, and her husband. After her husband's death, Elizabeth reflects on their disconnected marriage where they never truly knew each other. The story illustrates Lawrence's views on the importance of intimacy and acknowledging others' humanity in relationships.
The document summarizes the history and evolution of the novel. It discusses how the novel originated from short tales in medieval times and became popular in the late 18th century with the rise of the middle class. It traces major developments like the English novels of the 18th century, romantic novels of the 19th century, realism and naturalism movements, modernist novels after World War I, and postmodern novels after World War II which experimented with narrative forms and genres. The novel is defined as a fictional work of at least 50,000 words that focuses on depicting human characters and social situations.
1. The document provides context and summaries for William Wordsworth's poem "Tintern Abbey". It was written after the poet revisited the scenic area near Tintern Abbey on the River Wye in Wales.
2. The poem expresses how memories of communing with nature as a child still provide comfort to the poet, even though he has lost the ability to have pure communion with nature. These childhood memories provide sensations and tranquility.
3. In the present, though different than his youth, the poet finds he can now appreciate nature in a more mature way by considering its relationship to humanity. He believes nature still anchors his purest thoughts.
The Lucy poems are a series of 5 poems written by William Wordsworth between 1798 and 1801 about his longing for his friend Coleridge and exploring the poet's love for an idealized character named Lucy. Lucy may have been based on a real woman or been imaginary, as Wordsworth never revealed her origins. The poems examine themes of beauty, nature, love, longing and death. They were influential as part of the English Romantic movement and an early major publication for Wordsworth, though he did not intend for them to be read as a group.
The Elizabethan era in English history was marked by the reign of Queen Elizabeth I from 1558 to 1603. This period is often depicted as a golden age and cultural flowering. Literature, theatre, and poetry thrived under royal patronage. William Shakespeare was the most famous playwright of this era, along with other notable writers like Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, and Ben Jonson. Shakespeare's works like his sonnets and plays had a profound influence on English literature during this time.
The document summarizes the characters and plot of The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins. There are five main characters: Walter Hartright, Laura Fairlie, Marian Halcombe, Anne Catherick (the woman in white), and Sir Percival Glyde. Laura lives with her half-sister Marian and falls in love with Walter, but she is forced to marry the unpleasant Sir Percival for her inheritance. Sir Percival and Count Fosco attempt to commit Laura to an asylum and claim she died to inherit her money, but their scheme is eventually uncovered by Walter, Marian, and the real woman in white, Anne Catherick.
The document provides an overview of Wilkie Collins' novel "The Woman in White". It was an epistolary novel published in 1859 that was influential in establishing the Victorian genre that combined Gothic horror and psychological realism. The story follows several characters including Mr. Walter Hartright, Laura Fairlie, Marian Halcombe, Sir Percival Glyde, and Count Fosco as mysterious events unfold regarding a woman dressed entirely in white. The context of the novel's publication in Victorian England during a time of industrialization and social change is also discussed.
This document provides an overview of 18th century English literature, focusing on major authors and works from the period known as the Age of Samuel Johnson. It discusses Johnson's influential contributions as a poet, essayist, and lexicographer. It also summarizes the works and significance of three major Irish authors from the period: Oliver Goldsmith, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, and Laurence Sterne. Additionally, it examines the rise of sentimentalism in 18th century poetry and prose fiction.
Geoffrey Chaucer was an English author, poet and philosopher born in 1343 in London. He held several jobs working for the English royal family which exposed him to people from different classes. His most famous work is The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by pilgrims on a religious pilgrimage to Canterbury Cathedral. The stories provide insight into the various social classes of 14th century England. Chaucer was one of the first authors to write extensively in the English vernacular, helping to establish Middle English as a literary language.
The document discusses the rise of the novel as a genre in the 18th century. It provides definitions of the novel and traces its origins from prototypes in Elizabethan literature. The rise of the novel coincided with the rise of the middle class in Europe as printing technology advanced and literacy rates increased. Early novels took different forms such as epistolary, realistic, philosophical, and experimental novels. Major early novelists included Defoe, Fielding, Richardson, Sterne, and Swift. Theories on the rise of the novel discussed include formal realism, progressive narrative, and specific novelistic features before the formal establishment of the genre.
Alexander Pope was an 18th-century English poet born in London in 1688. He is best known for his satirical verse and use of the heroic couplet. Pope was educated informally as a Catholic in London. He published his first major poems An Essay on Criticism in 1711 and The Rape of the Lock in 1712-1714, which established his fame as a poet and satirist.
Characteristics of Victorian literature .... Niyati Pathak
The document is a paper on Victorian literature submitted to MKBU's Department of English. It discusses the key characteristics of Victorian literature, including an emphasis on morality, the impact of Darwin's theory of evolution causing a revolt against religion, and major intellectual developments in science and education during this time period. The literature reflected a desire to convey moral messages to readers and expose truths about human life, as seen in works like George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss. It was a time of conflict between religion and new scientific theories, as well as rapid technological change and industrialization influenced by the Industrial Revolution.
F. Scott Fitzgerald lived from 1896 to 1940. He is considered one of the greatest American authors of the 20th century. Fitzgerald attended Catholic schools in New York and Minnesota as a youth. He went to Princeton University but dropped out to join the army during World War I. While in the army, he met and fell in love with Zelda Sayre. They married after the publication of his first novel, This Side of Paradise, which was a great success. Fitzgerald wrote several other novels set in the 1920s, including The Great Gatsby. However, he and Zelda struggled with alcoholism and financial problems. Zelda suffered a mental breakdown in the 1930s. Fitzgerald died in 1940 while working on
Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) is considered the father of English poetry. He lived during the reigns of King Edward III and King Richard II, dying the year after King Henry IV took the throne. His most famous work is The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of 29 pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral. The stories provide a vivid social chronicle of 14th century English life, with realistic portrayals of characters from different classes and occupations. Chaucer used his skills in characterization, humor, and language to establish English as a literary language and usher in the Renaissance in English literature.
Seamus Heaney was an Irish poet born in 1939 in Northern Ireland. He drew inspiration from rural life and the natural world of his childhood. His works explored the conflict in Northern Ireland and sought to understand rather than condemn those involved. Heaney believed the poet's task was to examine the historical and psychological roots of violence. He used traditional forms and drew from Anglo-Saxon poetry to craft elegant, precise works that gave universal meaning to personal and political themes.
George Bernard Shaw was an Irish playwright born in 1856 who became a prominent socialist figure. After being exposed to irregular schooling and poverty in his youth, he moved to London in 1876 and joined the Fabian Society, a socialist organization. He wrote over 60 plays that addressed political and social issues through witty dialogue. His most famous play, Pygmalion (1912), tells the story of Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl who is taught to speak like an upper-class woman in a bet between Professor Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering. The play examines the rigid class divisions in Victorian society and whether a person's identity can truly be changed by their speech and manners.
The document provides an overview of William Congreve's play "The Way of the World". It summarizes the plot, which involves two lovers, Mirabell and Millamant, trying to gain the approval of Millamant's aunt Lady Wishfort for their marriage in order to receive Millamant's inheritance. It also outlines the main characters and themes of the play, such as marriage, love, deception, and social class, situating it in the context of Restoration comedy during the late 17th century in England.
This document provides biographical and contextual information about the English novelist George Eliot. It notes that she was one of the leading writers of the Victorian Era and used a male pen name. The document summarizes some of her major works, including Middlemarch, which has been called the greatest English novel, and Daniel Deronda, her last completed novel. It provides dates of her birth and death and discusses her relationship with George Henry Lewes and her career as a translator, poet, and journalist in addition to being a novelist.
William Somerset Maugham was a British novelist, playwright, and short story writer. He was one of the most popular writers of his era. The document provides biographical details about Maugham, including that he was born in Paris in 1874 and died in Nice, France in 1965. It also lists some of his major works such as Of Human Bondage, The Razor's Edge, and The Moon and Sixpence.
Geoffrey Chaucer "The Father of English Literature"Diesho Urra
Geoffrey Chaucer (circa 1340-1400) is considered the Father of English Literature. He was born in London to a wealthy wine merchant family. Chaucer worked as a public servant and fought in the Hundred Years' War before becoming Comptroller of Customs in London. His most famous work is The Canterbury Tales, written in the late 14th century, which features a group of pilgrims telling stories on their journey to Canterbury Cathedral. Chaucer was buried in Westminster Abbey's Poets' Corner upon his death in 1400.
This document provides a biography and overview of author D.H. Lawrence. It discusses his themes of love, sex, and cultural decay explored in his novels and poetry. It then analyzes his short story "The Odour of Chrysanthemums" which examines the failure of communication and understanding between a mining wife, Elizabeth, and her husband. After her husband's death, Elizabeth reflects on their disconnected marriage where they never truly knew each other. The story illustrates Lawrence's views on the importance of intimacy and acknowledging others' humanity in relationships.
The document summarizes the history and evolution of the novel. It discusses how the novel originated from short tales in medieval times and became popular in the late 18th century with the rise of the middle class. It traces major developments like the English novels of the 18th century, romantic novels of the 19th century, realism and naturalism movements, modernist novels after World War I, and postmodern novels after World War II which experimented with narrative forms and genres. The novel is defined as a fictional work of at least 50,000 words that focuses on depicting human characters and social situations.
1. The document provides context and summaries for William Wordsworth's poem "Tintern Abbey". It was written after the poet revisited the scenic area near Tintern Abbey on the River Wye in Wales.
2. The poem expresses how memories of communing with nature as a child still provide comfort to the poet, even though he has lost the ability to have pure communion with nature. These childhood memories provide sensations and tranquility.
3. In the present, though different than his youth, the poet finds he can now appreciate nature in a more mature way by considering its relationship to humanity. He believes nature still anchors his purest thoughts.
The Lucy poems are a series of 5 poems written by William Wordsworth between 1798 and 1801 about his longing for his friend Coleridge and exploring the poet's love for an idealized character named Lucy. Lucy may have been based on a real woman or been imaginary, as Wordsworth never revealed her origins. The poems examine themes of beauty, nature, love, longing and death. They were influential as part of the English Romantic movement and an early major publication for Wordsworth, though he did not intend for them to be read as a group.
The Elizabethan era in English history was marked by the reign of Queen Elizabeth I from 1558 to 1603. This period is often depicted as a golden age and cultural flowering. Literature, theatre, and poetry thrived under royal patronage. William Shakespeare was the most famous playwright of this era, along with other notable writers like Christopher Marlowe, Edmund Spenser, and Ben Jonson. Shakespeare's works like his sonnets and plays had a profound influence on English literature during this time.
The document summarizes the characters and plot of The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins. There are five main characters: Walter Hartright, Laura Fairlie, Marian Halcombe, Anne Catherick (the woman in white), and Sir Percival Glyde. Laura lives with her half-sister Marian and falls in love with Walter, but she is forced to marry the unpleasant Sir Percival for her inheritance. Sir Percival and Count Fosco attempt to commit Laura to an asylum and claim she died to inherit her money, but their scheme is eventually uncovered by Walter, Marian, and the real woman in white, Anne Catherick.
The document provides an overview of Wilkie Collins' novel "The Woman in White". It was an epistolary novel published in 1859 that was influential in establishing the Victorian genre that combined Gothic horror and psychological realism. The story follows several characters including Mr. Walter Hartright, Laura Fairlie, Marian Halcombe, Sir Percival Glyde, and Count Fosco as mysterious events unfold regarding a woman dressed entirely in white. The context of the novel's publication in Victorian England during a time of industrialization and social change is also discussed.
The document is about a TV producer named John who wants to create a new TV program about strange stories and urban myths. He goes on a holiday to Ireland with his family. While there, he has bad dreams and his assistant Jenny sees a mysterious hitch-hiker. The document provides background on the author and lists the main characters in the story including John, his assistant Jenny, his wife Rachel, and his son Patrick.
This document summarizes a book report about "The Woman in White" by Wilkie Collins. It provides a 3 sentence summary of the key plot points: A young art teacher named Walter Hartright meets a mysterious woman dressed in white on a lonely road. He later takes a job teaching two half-sisters, Laura and Marian, and falls in love with Laura who resembles the woman in white. However, Laura marries another man who has a secret, and there is a plot involving the woman in white, a forgery, and a fire that results in Laura and Walter reuniting and marrying.
1. Realism in novels aims to create an "illusion of life" by blending public and private experiences within a realistic social, economic, and historical context. Authors use techniques like consistency with history, fidelity to social norms, and causal plot development.
2. Victorian literature is divided into three periods - early novels focused on social problems, mid-Victorian novels embraced domestic realism, and late Victorian novels turned more psychological and pessimistic.
3. Thomas Hardy's novels were often initially rejected or censored due to scenes involving sex and marriage, but he later restored cut episodes when publishing in book form. Hardy faced increasing problems getting his realistic novels accepted due to Victorian sensibilities.
This chapter introduces the main characters of Michael Henchard, his wife Susan, and sailor Richard Newson. It describes the setting of Weydon-Priors in 1820s England. The plot follows Michael, Susan and their daughter as they seek work. Michael gets drunk and makes the rash decision to auction off Susan to anyone who will buy her. Richard agrees to pay five guineas for Susan if she is willing, and she leaves with him, taking off her wedding ring. The themes of the dangers of alcohol and the treatment of women are established.
1. Michael Henchard, while drunk, sells his wife Susan and daughter Elizabeth to a sailor. Nineteen years later, they encounter Henchard again in the town of Casterbridge, where he has become wealthy and the Mayor.
2. A rivalry develops between Henchard and Donald Farfrae, whom Henchard had hired. Farfrae eventually starts his own business and Henchard's fortunes decline.
3. It is revealed that Elizabeth is not actually Henchard's daughter. After various romantic entanglements and public humiliations, Farfrae and Elizabeth announce their engagement. The disgraced Henchard dies alone, having been rejected at the wedding.
Michael Henchard, the mayor of Casterbridge, has problems with failing grain crops. He receives a note from Donald Farfrae with possible solutions. Henchard writes back, interested to meet with Farfrae. Meanwhile, Susan Newson and her daughter Elizabeth-Jane arrive in Casterbridge, having learned Henchard is now the mayor after he was the man who bought Susan years ago when drunk. Henchard and Farfrae eventually form a partnership, with Farfrae later becoming mayor and marrying Elizabeth-Jane after her father returns. Henchard dies, a man beaten down by his past mistakes.
Women's roles expanded significantly during the early 20th century. During World War I, many women took jobs in factories and as nurses for the first time while men were deployed. After the war, they continued to work in greater numbers outside the home. This led to demands for better wages and women's suffrage. In 1920, the 19th amendment was passed, guaranteeing women the right to vote. In the 1920s, women gained further rights while cultural changes challenged traditional views of women's roles, as new fashions and activities made women's lives less domestic and more focused on social life and individual expression.
This document provides an overview and summary of the Victorian novel genre. It discusses the historical context of the Victorian era and how perspectives were changing during this period. It then covers some of the foundational aspects and conventions of Victorian novels, such as their focus on morality, domestic life, and realism. The document concludes by profiling over 50 key authors of the Victorian period and briefly summarizing some of their major novels.
The brontë sisters, powerpoint presentationliverpuliana
The document summarizes information about the Brontë sisters - Charlotte, Emily, and Anne Brontë. It provides background on their famous novels including Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights and Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre. It then shares photos taken in Haworth, Yorkshire, England where the sisters grew up, which was an inspiration for the moody, Gothic settings of their novels. Key themes in their works included nature, cruelty, passion, and the struggle for women's rights.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the novel genre. It begins by outlining some key parameters of novels, including their use of prose fiction and extended length to achieve verisimilitude. Notable early novels are then discussed from various regions, such as Murasaki Shikibu's Tale of Genji in 11th century Japan. The rise of the English novel in the 17th-18th centuries is covered, along with influential authors like Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, and the Brontë sisters. The document concludes by describing various novel types/styles that emerged over time, such as Gothic, historical, realist/naturalist, and social novels.
The document provides an overview of Victorian literature and some of its major authors. It discusses the Victorian period from 1837 to 1901 during Queen Victoria's reign, known for peace and prosperity in Britain. Major novels of this time responded to industrialization and addressed the individual's place in society. The work of famous authors like the Bronte sisters, Charles Dickens, Alfred Lord Tennyson, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning are overviewed, with summaries of some of their most notable novels including Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, David Copperfield, and Browning's poem "How Do I Love Thee?". Victorian poetry is also described as developing in the context of the novel and showing Romantic influences.
The document provides biographical information about Wilkie Collins, a 19th century English writer. It discusses his early life and education. Collins is best known for novels like The Woman in White and The Moonstone, considered one of the first detective novels. The document outlines Collins' declining health in his later years and his increasing reliance on laudanum. It provides summaries of some of his major novels before his death in 1889.
This document provides biographical information on several major Victorian novelists: the Brontë sisters Charlotte, Emily and Anne; Charles Dickens; George Eliot; Elizabeth Gaskell; and Thomas Hardy. It outlines their notable works and achievements, as well as dates of birth and death. All made significant contributions to the emergence and development of the novel as a literary form during Britain's Victorian era.
Victorian novels accepted middle-class values and focused on individuals adjusting to society through well-rounded characters. They appealed to readers through realism, emotion, and moral messages while developing narrative techniques. Charles Dickens was the most famous Victorian novelist, creating memorable characters through his mastery of descriptive detail, dialogue, and exaggeration to explore social issues and his difficult childhood. His most known works published in monthly installments include Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, and Great Expectations.
Charles Dickens (1812-1870) was a famous British novelist who wrote beloved classics like Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, and A Tale of Two Cities. He had a difficult childhood, as his father was imprisoned for debt and Dickens had to work in a factory, experiences that influenced his later social commentary novels. Dickens went on to have a very successful career as a journalist and author, becoming one of the most popular and influential writers of the 19th century, known for his portraits of the Victorian era's poor and calls for social change. Though he had great success, Dickens worked extremely hard and his health declined, and he eventually died of a stroke while on a reading tour in America.
Charles Dickens was an English writer born in 1812 who wrote iconic novels like Oliver Twist and A Tale of Two Cities. He had a difficult childhood where he worked in a factory after his father went to debtors' prison. Despite facing adversity, Dickens went on to become one of the most popular and influential writers of the Victorian era through his realistic yet entertaining novels that critiqued social issues. He married Catherine Hogarth and had 10 children before his death in 1870 from a stroke at his home in Kent.
Charles Dickens was one of the most famous English writers of the Victorian era. He created memorable characters and is regarded as the greatest novelist of that period. Although he had little formal education, he went on to edit a weekly journal for 20 years and write 15 novels and hundreds of short stories. Some of his most famous works include A Christmas Carol, A Tale of Two Cities, and Great Expectations. Dickens also incorporated his own experiences, such as a rail crash he survived, into his writing. He ultimately suffered a fatal stroke at his home in 1870 at the age of 58.
Charles Dickens' David Copperfield relates the story of a young boy's growth and development into maturity. It follows David from his birth and happy childhood, through the death of his mother and neglect from his cruel stepfather, to his career as a proctor and marriage. A key relationship is his marriage to his childish but beautiful wife Dora, whose premature death deeply affects him. The story explores themes of family, love, and personal growth through David's experiences and relationships.
Charles Dickens (1812-1870) was an English writer considered one of the greatest novelists of the Victorian period. He wrote many iconic novels and characters, including Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Dickens had a difficult childhood and left school at a young age to work in a factory, though he later became a successful journalist and author. He traveled throughout Europe and America and wrote numerous acclaimed novels that were often serialized in magazines, exposing social problems and gaining massive popularity.
Charles Dickens was born in 1812 in England and had a difficult childhood, working in a factory after his father was imprisoned for debt. He later became a journalist and author, writing many famous novels about the social problems of Victorian England. Some of his most famous works include Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, and David Copperfield. Despite great success, he struggled with personal difficulties and divorced in 1858. Dickens traveled widely and continued writing until his death in 1870.
This document provides biographical information about several major Romantic poets from the early 19th century in England, including William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Percy Shelley, and Lord Byron. It discusses their lives, influences, major works, and contributions to establishing Romanticism as an artistic movement through publications like Lyrical Ballads.
Charles Dickens (1812-1870) was an English novelist known for his vivid portrayals of the lives of the poor in Victorian London. He had an erratic childhood education and was forced to work in a factory after his father was imprisoned for debt. As an adult, he worked as a reporter and began publishing short stories and novels that became hugely popular, including Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, and David Copperfield. His works often dealt with themes of poverty, social injustice, and the struggles of childhood. Though successful, Dickens had an unhappy married life and engaged in extramarital affairs. He remains one of the most famous English authors of the 19th century due to his depictions of life
Charles Dickens was one of the most famous Victorian novelists. He wrote novels such as Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, A Tale of Two Cities, and Great Expectations that highlighted social issues and portrayed the lives of the poor and disadvantaged. Dickens used humor and vivid storytelling to bring attention to the injustices and hardships of Victorian life. Many of his novels, which remain popular today, were written with the purpose of social reform.
This document provides information on several major English authors and works from the 18th and 19th centuries. It discusses Daniel Defoe and his novel Robinson Crusoe, Jonathan Swift and Gulliver's Travels, William Blake as a poet and publisher, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads, Walter Scott's historical novels, Lord Byron's poetry and travels abroad, Percy Bysshe Shelley's friendship with Byron and involvement in the creation of Frankenstein, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, and John Keats' odes.
Charles Dickens (1812-1870) was one of the most famous English authors of the 19th century. He had a difficult childhood, working in a factory after his father was imprisoned for debt, which influenced his later social reform novels. Dickens launched his career as a journalist and published his first stories under the pen name "Boz", which became very popular. Throughout his life, Dickens wrote numerous novels, edited journals, and gave public readings to support charitable causes, though the readings took a toll on his health. He died of a stroke in 1870 and is considered one of the greatest English authors.
Charles Dickens was born in 1812 in Portsmouth, England. As a young boy, he worked at a boot blacking factory and his father was imprisoned for debt, forcing Charles to leave school. He later became a journalist and began publishing short stories and novels in the 1830s such as The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, and A Christmas Carol. Dickens wrote extensively about the social problems and poverty of Victorian London. He became one of the most popular writers in English and wrote many acclaimed novels until his death in 1870 at the age of 58.
Charles Dickens was born in 1812 in Portsmouth, England. As a child, he worked at a boot blacking factory and his father was imprisoned for debt. He later became a journalist and began publishing short stories and novels like The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, and A Christmas Carol in the 1830s-1840s. Dickens wrote 24 major novels that brought attention to social problems and injustices during the Victorian era like child labor. He died in 1870 at the age of 58 after suffering a stroke.
My life closed twice & prayers of steel (eng. & american lit.)Ysa Garcera
- Emily Dickinson was a renowned American poet born in 1830 in Massachusetts. She published few poems during her lifetime but left behind around 1,800 poems after her death. Her poems dealt with themes of love, nature, God and eternity in a simple yet profound style.
- Carl Sandburg was a Swedish American poet born in 1878. He worked various jobs as a young man before becoming a journalist. He wrote poetry collections that celebrated American industrial life and the common worker. His works brought him fame and he became known as the "Poet of the Common Man."
- The poems discussed reflect on themes of life, death, love and the human experience. Dickinson's "My Life Closed Twice
The document provides biographical information and background details about 12 famous authors: Herman Melville, John Steinbeck, C.S. Lewis, Arthur Conan Doyle, J.D. Salinger, William Faulkner, Vladimir Nabokov, Oscar Wilde, William Blake, Haruki Murakami. For each author, it mentions their birth/death dates and notable works. It also includes 1-2 paragraphs on their family background, education, early careers, and in some cases marital backgrounds. The document appears to be providing a collection of brief biographies on major authors for educational purposes.
The document provides biographical information and background details about 12 famous authors: Herman Melville, John Steinbeck, C.S. Lewis, Arthur Conan Doyle, J.D. Salinger, William Faulkner, Vladimir Nabokov, Oscar Wilde, William Blake, Haruki Murakami. For each author, it mentions their birth/death dates and notable works. It also includes 1-2 paragraphs about their family background, education, early careers, and in some cases marital relationships. The document appears to be part of a student's literature assignment, citing their name and class details in the header.
Презентация по английскому языку на тему "Canterville Ghost" (7 класс).pptxssuseraafa8b
The document provides background on Oscar Wilde and summarizes his short story "The Canterville Ghost". It describes how the story was first published in 1887 and republished in 1891. It then summarizes the plot of the story, which is about an American family that buys a haunted house in England despite being warned about its ghost. The document also provides brief character sketches of the main characters in the story, including the Otis family members and the ghost of Sir Simon the Canterville.
The document outlines four filming locations for a movie scene at an amusement park, including a bumper car scene filmed from a chest-mounted camera, a twister ride with similar chest-mounted footage, spinning cage rides filmed from above to show scale, and a mirror maze with existing footage.
This document summarizes the research done for a poster for an Avicii album. It discusses that Avicii typically released posters for concerts rather than albums. It also covers the color scheme research done based on night clubs and Avicii's favorite colors. The ideas section outlines plans to feature Avicii's name and logo prominently along with a casual photo of him. A December 15th release date is chosen that is close to Christmas. Images and fonts were selected to match the researched style and target audience.
This document summarizes the research and design process for a digital packaging (digipak) for Avicii's music. It discusses researching digipaks and electronic dance music packaging styles. Initial design ideas included photos of Avicii or his name in colorful text. Color research led to a blue, purple and green palette representing emotions and men's and women's favorite colors. Layout, images, fonts and feedback were also considered to create a cohesive digipak design that effectively presented information about Avicii and his 2014 tour dates.
This document outlines the rules and plan for filming a continuity task that reimagines the story of the Three Wise Men set in an office environment. It discusses the 180 degree rule, shot reverse shot, and match on action techniques that will be used. The characters and their costumes are described, as well as props. A filming log notes initial challenges but that a structured plan led to improved quality on subsequent filming days.
The document provides instructions for a video task involving a conversation between two people. It must include at least 4 lines of dialogue and be between 1-2 minutes long. It must follow the 180 degree rule, use shot reverse shot, and match on action shots. The ideas were of a couple going to their car. They filmed at a house using the car. The story involves the couple leaving and realizing something was forgotten. The shots include matching their exit, shot reverse shot into the car, and a 180 degree rule conversation in the car.
The document provides instructions for a filmmaking task that requires a 1-2 minute video with a minimum of 4 lines of dialogue. It must include 3 specific camera shots: following the 180 degree rule during a conversation, shot reverse shot between two people conversing, and a match on action shot. The document then describes a student group's ideas to fulfill the task, including using themselves as actors at a house location and planning shots and dialogue for a scene of a couple leaving for class but realizing something was forgotten.
The document summarizes a student film project involving two characters having a conversation in a bathroom. It will demonstrate cinematography techniques like the 180-degree rule, shot/reverse shot editing, and match on action cuts. The story involves two school boys, James and Jake, who have an awkward encounter in the bathroom where Jake questions if he knows James from somewhere previously.
The document outlines continuity rules for filmmaking including the 180 degree rule, match on action, and shot reverse shot techniques. It then provides examples of how a short film about wise men discovering the birth of Jesus would apply these rules, including details on the scene, dialogue, actors, and filming log.
This document provides details about a student film project assignment. The assignment required students to create a 2-minute film following three rules: the 180-degree rule, shot/reverse shot, and matching actions. The students chose to film a conversation between two characters leaving their house and getting in a car. They storyboarded and practiced their shots. Filming took place outside their location but was challenging due to limited space and passing traffic. Editing the footage together proved difficult due to incompatible file formats between the camera and software. Lessons were learned about choosing the right camera and file formats.
Media presentation ----------------------mediablogs
The document outlines the requirements for an AS level film continuity task, including creating a two minute film with a character opening a door and having at least four lines of dialogue while following the 180 degree rule, using reverse shots, and matching actions between shots; it then provides details on a student's proposed story of a couple leaving a house but one forgetting something and going back to retrieve it.
The document summarizes a student's media coursework project on continuity. It describes rules for the project including maintaining the 180 degree rule, matching actions between shots, and using shot reverse shot. It then provides screenshots and explanations of how these rules were applied in filming scenes for a short film about the three wise men. The student documents their multiple filming attempts and editing process to refine the video and apply the continuity rules.
The task was to create a 1-2 minute short film incorporating three rules: maintaining the 180 degree rule during a conversation shot with shot reverse shots, and including a match on action shot of a door being opened. The film, titled "Toilet Talk", took place in a school bathroom and featured a conversation between two people using the required shot techniques while dealing with background noise issues.
1. The Woman in White
'This is the story of what a Woman's patience can endure and what
a Man's resolution can achieve.'
2. • Published in 1860, one of the two novels (with The
Moonstone) for which Collins is most famous. It firmly
established his reputation with the reading public and
helped raise the circulation of All the Year Round. As
Smith, Elder found to their cost, 'everyone was raving
about it.' S. M. Ellis described how The Woman in White
was so popular that 'every possible commodity was
labelled "Woman in White". There were "Woman in
White" cloaks and bonnets, "Woman in White" perfumes
and all manner of toilet requisites,
• Prince Albert read the book and approved. Thackeray
was engrossed from morning to sunset, and Gladstone
found the story so absorbing that he missed a visit to the
theatre. The Woman in White has never been out of
print since its first publication. In the twentieth century
there have been theatre, film, television and musical
adaptations and even a comic-strip version.
4. • William Wilkie Collins, or Wilkie as he was known to his friends and
readers, was born in London's Marylebone where he lived more or
less continuously for 65 years. Today he is best known for The
Moonstone (1868), often regarded as the first true detective novel,
and The Woman in White (1860), the archetypal sensation novel.
During his lifetime, however, he wrote over thirty major books, well
over a hundred articles, short stories and essays, and a dozen or
more plays.
•
• He lived an unconventional, Bohemian lifestyle, loved good food and
wine to excess, wore flamboyant clothes, travelled abroad
frequently, formed long-term relationships with two women but
married neither, and took vast quantities of opium over many years
to relieve the symptoms of ill health. Collins's circle of friends
included many pre-eminent figures of the day. He knew the major
writers, particularly Charles Dickens with whom he regularly
collaborated, as well as a host of minor novelists. His friends and
acquaintances included some of the foremost artists, playwrights,
theatrical personalities, musicians, publishers, physicians and
society figures of the time. Collins's unorthodox lifestyle reveals a
cynical regard for the Victorian establishment. This view is reflected
in his books together with a sense of humour and a profound
understanding for many of the then prevailing social injustices.
5. The Early Years
• Wilkie Collins was the elder son of William Collins the
celebrated landscape artist and portrait painter and
named after his godfather, Sir David Wilkie. His
childhood schooldays began in 1835 at the Maida Hill
Academy, followed by a two year interruption when he
accompanied his parents and younger brother, Charles,
to France and Italy from September 1836 to August
1838. He later recalled that he had learned more in Italy
'which has been of use to me, among the scenery, the
pictures, and the people, than I ever learned at school.'
He also claimed that he had fallen in love for the first
time in Rome at the age of 12 or 13.
6. The Elephant Man
• Returning to England, his schooling continued at Cole's
boarding school at 39 Highbury Place. It was here that
he began his career as a storyteller to appease the
dormitory bully, later recalling that 'it was this brute who
first awakened in me, his poor little victim, a power of
which but for him I might never have been aware.' His
appearance was distinctive since he was born with a
prominent bulge on the right side of his forehead. He
was only five feet six inches tall but with a
disproportionately large head and shoulders. His hands
and feet were particularly small and pictures from the
age of 21 show him wearing spectacles.
7. • Wilkie left school in 1841 and was apprenticed to the tea
merchants Antrobus & Co. in the Strand. It was here, in
what he called 'the prison on the Strand' that he began
his writing with his first signed publication, 'The Last
Stage Coachman' appearing in Douglas Jerrold's
Illuminated Magazine in August 1843. From May 1846
Collins became a law student at Lincoln's Inn and was
called to the bar in 1851. He never practised his
profession although several lawyers feature prominently
in his subsequent novels. His father died in 1847 and his
first published book, The Memoirs of the Life of William
Collins, Esq., R.A, appeared the following year and
received good reviews. It was followed by an historical
novel, Antonina (1850) and three contemporary novels,
Basil, (1852), Hide and Seek(1854) and The Dead
Secret,(1857).
8. A Dickens of a Collins….
• During the 1850s, however, Wilkie's main income was derived from
journalism with numerous contributions to Bentley's Miscellany, The
Leader and more particularly Dickens's Household Words. He had
first met Dickens in 1851 through the introduction of Augustus Egg.
Collins, always keen on amateur theatricals, needed little
persuasion to join the great man's company for his production of
Bulwer-Lyttons's Not so Bad as We Seem, written to raise money for
the Guild of Literature and Art. A firm friendship developed between
the two writers which lasted until Dickens's death in 1870. They
frequently travelled together on the Continent to France and Italy
and Wilkie became a frequent visitor to Dickens's homes at
Tavistock House and Gad's Hill where he was encouraged to fulfil
his theatrical ambitions. Collins wrote The Lighthouse in 1855 and
The Frozen Deep in 1856. Both were originally produced by Dickens
and his company
9. • Despite his growing success, Collins's health began to
decline during the 1850s and 1860s, suffering from what
he always described as 'rheumatic gout' or 'neuralgia'.
These affected his eyes with particular severity and he
often needed the services of a secretary - provided
either by Frank Beard, his doctor and lifelong friend, or
Carrie Graves. He visited numerous physicians and tried
various remedies including Turkish and electric baths,
Health spas, hypnotism and quinine. Ultimately Beard
prescribed opium in the form of laudanum as a pain-killer
and sedative, but always for purely medical reasons.
Over the years Collins developed an enormous tolerance
and eventually took daily 'more laudanum than would
have sufficed to kill a ship's crew or company of soldiers
10. The Play
• The Woman in White was first performed as 'A
Drama in Three Acts' at the Surrey Theatre
(Blackfriars Road, Lambeth) - a short-lived
pirated production opening on 3 November 1860
with a revival at the Theatre Royal, Leicester, 26
August 1870. Collins's own version of the The
Woman in White, extensively rewritten from the
novel, ran with great success at the Olympic
Theatre from 9 October 1871 to 24 February
1872
11. The Real Woman in White….
• The sudden meeting in the novel of the hero,
Walter Hartright, with the mysterious woman in
white is said to have been inspired by a real life
meeting between Collins, strolling home one
evening in 1858, accompanied by his brother
Charles and the painter Millais. They were
accosted, so the story runs, by a woman
dressed in flowing white robes escaping from a
villa in Regent's Park where she had been kept
prisoner under mesmeric influence
13. Little was as it seemed…..
• Wilkie Collins probably met Caroline, as she was known, in the
spring of 1856 when he was temporarily living in lodgings in
Howland Street, Tottenham Court Road. Caroline and her widowed
mother-in-law, Mary Ann Graves, were living in the same area.
Nothing is known, for certain, of the exact circumstances of
Caroline's meeting with Collins, but by the end of 1858 they were
living together, first at 124 Albany Street, and from spring 1859 at 2a
New Cavendish Street. Although they never married, they
continued to live together, apart from one significant break, until
Collins died. Caroline was a beautiful woman who looked far
younger than her actual years and, though she had little or no
formal education, managed to transcend her humble beginnings and
pass herself off as a 'lady'. During the years when Collins was
writing his greatest novels, she undoubtedly contributed much to his
emotional security, as well as to his physical comfort.
14. • In October 1868, however, the household was suddenly
disrupted when Caroline Graves married Joseph Clow,
almost certainly in response to Collins's relationship with
Martha Rudd, and probably after Collins had himself
refused to marry Caroline. Her daughter and Collins's
doctor, Frank Beard, were the witnesses and Collins was
present at the the ceremony at Marylebone parish
church. The marriage was clearly a mistake, for by April
1871 Caroline was back at 90 Gloucester Place, and her
relationship with Wilkie was resumed in spite of his
continuing commitment to Martha Rudd and his three
children by her.
•
15. Continued in secret….
• Caroline Graves was known for form's sake as
Collins's 'housekeeper' and did not accompany
Wilkie on social occasions such as dinner
parties; it is also very unlikely that she was ever
introduced to Wilkie's mother. Caroline
entertained many of his friends who visited them
at home, travelled with him on the Continent,
went to the theatre with him and sometimes
wrote letters on his behalf when he was ill.
During Wilkie's last illness she nursed him
devotedly and when she died in 1895 was buried
in the same grave.
16.
17.
18. Yes, there is more….
Sensation Fiction
• Sensation fiction was a literary sub-
genre of Gothic literature, which was at
the height of its popularity in the 1860s
and 1870s.
• Sensation fiction uses many of the same
features of gothic fiction.
19. Features….
• sensation fiction is sometimes regarded as domesticated Gothic in that it
uses many of the devices of the Gothic novel, but places them in a
contemporary English setting
• they dispense with the supernatural element of Gothic fiction and even their
most extraordinary events are given a rational and natural explanation
• women (usually wives) suffer at the hands of men (usually husbands);
the heroes are young men who are sometimes helped by resourceful
women
• their plots concern issues of identity and inheritance
• insanity (real or supposed) plays a large partin the plot, with the private
lunatic asylum taking the place of the locked room or dungeon in a Gothic
novel, and the use of drugs taking the place of physical cruelty
• they often have complex narratives making use of first person statements,
diaries and letters, so that the stories are seen from more than one point of
view
• as with Gothic novels, sensation fiction aims to thrill and frighten the
reader
20. • Corpses, secrets, adultery, insanity, prostitution—all are
key elements of the sensation novels of the 1800s.
Called sensation novels because they are designed to
make the reader feel basic sensations—shock, disbelief,
horror, suspense, sexual excitement, and fear—these
novels offer unexpected twists and turns within a
framework of predictable conventions. These recurring
conventions include deathbed confessions, family
secrets, mistaken identity, inheritance, bigamy, and
female villains. This combination of the predictable and
the chaotic is representative of the clash between rigid
Victorian society and the changing societal and gender
roles that accompanied the emergence of industry and
capitalism in England and America. With their exciting
plot lines and easily readable format, sensation novels
explored unspoken fears and anxieties in a rapidly
changing world.
21. • In the mid- 1800s, women had few rights and were expected to be
subservient to men. Not only were women denied the vote, they were
denied the right to own property. Cultural expectations required that women
refrain from expressing themselves openly in the presence of men. Rather
they were expected to be pure, pleasant, and supportive of men at all times.
But, as reflected by the controversial sensation novels, these rigid roles
were changing. Feminist critics of the 1980s and 1990s are quick to point
out the unusual prevalence of strong female characters in sensation novels,
and the way their independent and often sexual behavior was harshly
criticized by contemporaries of the novels. Modern critics also point out the
way in which female sexuality was often used to denote strength,
rebelliousness, and evil. Appearing as nefarious seductresses, female
characters were often villains who were punished or made to see the error
of their ways at the story's end. Feminist critics also claim that while women
in earlier novels had been portrayed as victims waiting to be rescued, in
sensation novels the roles were often reversed and the male characters
were victimized
22. • With the urbanization that accompanied the industrial boom of the
mid-1800s, the big city also played a central role in many sensation
novels. Some critics assert that the city provides the setting where
men were tempted by villains and seduced by fallen women. These
critics also argue that the urban sensation novel celebrated
domesticity and the home as sources of renewal, faith, and morality.
Female characters were, more often than not, encouraged to remain
at the center of home life while men ventured out into the dangerous
city with all of its temptations. The city was also the setting wherein
shocking secrets about one or more of the characters were
revealed. These secrets commonly involved murder, bigamy, or
adultery and often came to light in a deathbed confession scene.
This motif arose directly out of the breakdown of rigid Victorian
social mores and attitudes toward social class—a breakdown
caused in part by the growth of capitalism and urbanization, which
offered a variety of new attitudes and opportunities for class
mobility.
23. • Sensation novels were closely tied to the
melodramatic theater of the same period. In fact,
such writers as Charles Reade and Wilkie
Collins wrote drama as well as novels and many
of the most well-known sensation novels were
written for or adapted to the stage. While
conventional dramas were often set in distant
castles or far-away lands, sensation theater was
set in the present day and location, giving it a
proximity and reality that was new to theater-
goers.
24. • This sense of reality and proximity was also heightened in the
sensation novel by its origins in journalism. Many scholars claim that
sensation novels grew out of newspaper stories involving murder,
assault, and other crimes that people found especially shocking in
Victorian times. Often, these stories revealed the involvement of
upstanding, even well-known, citizens in dangerous or immoral
behavior. In a culture that valued appearances, revelations of crime
among the upper class disrupted idyllic Victorian ideas about
society. Failure to be shocked by these events was considered in
bad taste—and to write about them was even worse. But the
relationship between the new style of fiction writing and the new
style of journalism went both ways. Because many of the sensation
novelists claimed to get their material straight from the newspaper,
they felt justified in writing about it.
25. • Meanwhile, newspaper stories suggested that, like the
characters in sensation novels, anyone's nextdoor
neighbor could turn out to be a murderer or an adulterer,
or to have some other scandalous secret. Reading about
crimes in the newspaper brought fictional crimes closer
to home, made the improbable events of sensation
novels seem more real, and made everyday life a little
more exciting—all of which helped to make sensation
novels immensely popular. Marketed cheaply, sensation
novels sold very well at train stations, small stores,
kiosks, and newspaper stands and were widely
discussed in magazines and newspapers and among
ordinary citizens.