The Value of Zoos for Science and Conservation
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This document discusses the value of zoos for science and conservation. It argues that zoos now play an important role in protecting endangered species through captive breeding programs, reintroduction efforts, and raising public awareness of conservation issues. Zoos house over 23% of threatened species and have successfully reintroduced several extinct in the wild species back into their natural habitats. Additionally, zoos educate over 180 million annual visitors on conservation and promote a connection to nature that can encourage support for these causes. While zoos still have room for improvement, the document makes the case that modern zoos significantly contribute to global biodiversity conservation efforts.
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A R T I C L E SCaptivity for Conservation Zoos at a Cross.docx
A R T I C L E S
Captivity for Conservation? Zoos at a Crossroads
Jozef Keulartz
Accepted: 22 February 2015 / Published online: 13 March 2015
� The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract This paper illuminates a variety of issues that speak to the question of
whether ‘captivity for conservation’ can be an ethically acceptable goal of the
modern zoo. Reflecting on both theoretical disagreements (animal protectionists vs.
wildlife conservationists) and practical challenges (the small percentage of endan-
gered species actually exhibited in zoos, disappointing success of reintroduction
programs), the paper explains why the ‘Noah’s Ark’ paradigm is being replaced by
an alternative ‘integrated approach.’ It explores the changes in the zoo’s core tasks
that the new paradigm implies. And it pays special attention to the changes that
would have to be made in zoos’ collection policies: connection with in situ projects,
emphasizing local species and the local biogeographical region, exchange of ani-
mals among zoos and between zoos and wildlife, and a shift towards smaller spe-
cies. Finally the question will be addressed whether the new paradigm will achieve a
morally acceptable balance between animal welfare costs and species conservation
benefits.
Keywords Future zoo � Animal welfare � Species conservation � Metapopulation
management
Introduction
Today, the animal world is under severe attack as a result of two strongly
interconnected global processes. On the one hand, global environmental changes
J. Keulartz (&)
Emeritus Professor of Environmental Philosophy, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected]
J. Keulartz
Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
123
J Agric Environ Ethics (2015) 28:335–351
DOI 10.1007/s10806-015-9537-z
such as climate change, land use and land cover change, deforestation and
desertification have a disruptive impact on plant and animal life. Entire populations
are being confronted with the alternative to abandon their original habitat or to go
extinct. On the other hand, globalization causes massive dislocations of entire
populations. As trade, travel, transport and tourism boom, the world is becoming
more and more borderless and, by the same token, it is becoming increasingly
vulnerable to invasive species. Since globalization took off, more plants and animals
have become globetrotters than ever before (Keulartz and Swart 2012).
Because animals are constantly on the move worldwide as a result of these global
processes, traditional in situ (place-based) conservation methods seem no longer
sufficient to save threatened species (Sandler 2012). The magnitude of anthro-
pogenic environmental stress from bioinvasion, habitat fragmentation, nitrogen
deposition, biodiversity loss, and, above all, climate change, makes it unavoidable
to replace the hands-off approach that has guided mainstream species con.
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J. Keulartz (&)
Emeritus Professor of Environmental Philosophy, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected]
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Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
123
J Agric Environ Ethics (2015) 28:335–351
DOI 10.1007/s10806-015-9537-z
such as climate change, land use and land cover change, deforestation and
desertification have a disruptive impact on plant and animal life. Entire populations
are being confronted with the alternative to abandon their original habitat or to go
extinct. On the other hand, globalization causes massive dislocations of entire
populations. As trade, travel, transport and tourism boom, the world is becoming
more and more borderless and, by the same token, it is becoming increasingly
vulnerable to invasive species. Since globalization took off, more plants and animals
have become globetrotters than ever before (Keulartz and Swart 2012).
Because animals are constantly on the move worldwide as a result of these global
processes, traditional in situ (place-based) conservation methods seem no longer
sufficient to save threatened species (Sandler 2012). The magnitude of anthro-
pogenic environmental stress from bioinvasion, habitat fragmentation, nitrogen
deposition, biodiversity loss, and, above all, climate change, makes it unavoidable
to replace the hands-off approach that has guided mainstream species con.
Todd Witcher_Discover Life in America
Todd Witcher, Executive Director of Discover Life In America, spoke about the Smokies Biodiversity project at the 2009 East Tennessee Preservation Conference.
An Inventory Of Peer-Reviewed Articles On Killer Whales (Orcinus Orca) With A...
This study analyzed over 3,000 peer-reviewed articles about killer whales and bottlenose dolphins to summarize the main topics and settings of scientific research on these species. The majority of killer whale research focused on health/physiology, foraging behaviors, and distribution in natural habitats. Bottlenose dolphin research also emphasized health/physiology and distribution but included more studies of sociality and cognition, as well as more research in captivity. Both species would benefit from additional research on behavioral patterns. The results suggest killer whale welfare has received limited scientific attention and more research is needed on topics directly related to assessing welfare.
How do we build a community of practice around the creation and updating of O...
How do we build a community of practice around the creation and updating of OERs for biodiversity conservation?
Nora Bynum
Eleanor Sterling
Ana Luz Porzecanski
Dive into the World of Sharks.pptx
This document discusses sharks and their importance to marine ecosystems. It covers sharks' ecology and role as apex predators that regulate trophic levels. It also addresses threats sharks face from overfishing and the importance of conservation for maintaining ecosystem balance and biodiversity. Finally, it aims to dispel myths about sharks and promote responsible ecotourism practices.
Population Ecology
The essay discusses the ecosystem of coral reefs. Coral reefs are found in warm, clear, shallow tropical waters worldwide. They are highly diverse and productive communities that provide food and shelter for fish and invertebrates. Coral reefs also protect coastlines from waves and storms. The ecosystem is complex, with corals, algae, sponges, and other organisms all interacting and dependent on one another. However, coral reefs are threatened by pollution, climate change, and other human impacts. Conservation efforts are needed to protect these valuable ecosystems.
Studying tropical rainforest ecology in malaysia
The document provides an overview of long-term ecological research (LTER) being conducted in tropical rainforests, with a focus on sites in Malaysia. It describes several long-term forest plot sites, including Danum Valley, Lambir Hills, and Pasoh, which are part of broader networks like the Center for Tropical Forest Science and Long Term Ecological Research. At each site, teams of scientists conduct long-term research on topics like forest structure and composition, species diversity, and the impacts of disturbance. The research helps increase understanding of rainforest ecology and informs sustainable forest management.
BEAN Water & Biodiversity-Grade 6 and 92
The document provides lesson plans for teaching students about water and biodiversity. The grade 6 lesson focuses on vernal pools and uses the case study of the Jefferson Salamander. Students research vernal pool species online and create a display vernal pool habitat with depictions of the organisms. The goal is for students to understand biodiversity and human impacts on aquatic ecosystems.
Alternatives To Animal Dissection In School Science Classes
This document discusses alternatives to animal dissection in school science classes. It notes that while dissection was a common practice, objections have grown in recent decades. Concerns include inhumane treatment of supply animals, depletion of wild populations, and students being turned off from biology. The document examines whether dissection meets curricular goals and reviews alternatives like computer simulations, models, and butchers' parts. It provides guidelines from teaching organizations on respecting life and using alternatives when possible. Overall alternatives allow students to learn at their own pace while reducing safety and ethical concerns.
Zoos - The next 50 years
Zoos have evolved from focusing on entertainment to prioritizing education and conservation while improving animal welfare. However, critics argue captivity still restricts animals. New technologies like CGI and robots could replace animals while gene banks preserve DNA. The future may see zoos combining these, using innovative habitats like at Chester Zoo to give education and funds for restoring species to natural environments through cloning when possible. This balances animal welfare, education and conservation to ensure zoos' survival.
Towards sustainable coexistence: People and wild mammals in Baluran National ...
Towards sustainable coexistence: People and wild mammals in Baluran National ...UniversitasGadjahMada
The paper offers a critical discussion of resource use in a national park, Baluran, in Indonesia. In general, an increasing accept of the need for livelihood security, also for people living in or near natural conservation areas, are challenging traditional systems of national park governance. Finding ways to balance the needs of local populations against the necessity to secure biodiversity and environmental sustainability becomes important, and the main question in our research is how to accommodate an existing society in Baluran without a further negative impact on endangered mammals. Based on common pool resource management and co-management theories and thorough empirical investigations among the population living in Baluran, we conclude that alternative solutions exist for combining the interests of livelihood and conservation, but that resolute restrictions must be set by central government authorities, and that local institutions and livelihood practices must be developed based on experiences gained in the region through the last decades. Our findings may have relevance for solving similar problems of coexistence in other conservation areasWhy save the tiger alapw presentation final
This document discusses the intrinsic and instrumental value of conserving tigers. It outlines a study that aims to determine the moral and ethical reasons conservation professionals cite for saving tigers, and whether these reasons are linked to affective responses. The study will use interviews and thought experiments to examine perspectives from different views in the conservation field. It will also take a multidisciplinary approach, drawing from fields like affective neuroscience and bioethics to better understand values in conservation. The document does not present any conclusions as no data has been collected yet.
Diversity and dispersion patterns of echinoderms in Babanlagan, Talisayan, Mi...
Echinoderms are fundamentally good indicators of health and status of coralline communities in marine waters. In this study, the diversity and distribution of echinoderm species were determined in Babanlagan, Talisayan, Misamis Oriental. In total, 387 individuals were collected coming from classes Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, Asteroidea, and Ophiuroidea. The majority of individuals collected were Protoreaster nodusus, which is a good indicator of reef health while the least abundant echinoderm species was Acanthaster planci. The pattern of distribution of majority of echinoderms was a clumped distribution while the other groups followed regular/uniform distribution, which may be due to limited dispersal ability and availability and available food sources. Moderate species diversity was also observed and species were rather similar in abundance, shown by the evenness index. This suggests good marine health, even under the threat of gleaning activities, active fishing, and habitat destruction. It is recommended that follow-up studies are conducted especially regarding monitoring of echinoderm species, to further assess the health of the intertidal zone in Babanlagan, Talisayan, Misamis Oriental.
Shark introduction Morphology and its behaviour characteristics
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Modern sharks are classified within the clade Selachimorpha (or Selachii) and are the sister group to the Batoidea (rays and kin). Some sources extend the term "shark" as an informal category including extinct members of Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) with a shark-like morphology, such as hybodonts. They generally do not live in freshwater, although there are a few known exceptions, such as the bull shark and the river shark, which can be found in both seawater and freshwater.Sharks have a covering of dermal denticles that protects their skin from damage and parasites in addition to improving their fluid dynamics. They have numerous sets of replaceable teeth.
OverviewIn response to the variable effects of conservation effort.pdf
Overview
In response to the variable effects of conservation efforts and loss of biodiversity, zoos began to
turn their attention to the conservation of endangered species and wildlife in the 1970s and
1980s. Supporting conservation efforts became an important goal for the modern zoo. A major
milestone towards this goal was the Convention on Biodiversity which was signed at the Earth
Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. As the modern zoo continues to focus its efforts towards
conservation, it has been seen by many as a sort of “Noah’s Ark”, primarily focused on
conserving the precious few endangered species. Unfortunately, genetic, ecosystem and
economic issues have created challenges for the conservation model of the modern zoo. Read the
following articles that expand on the conservation efforts of zoos and their use of technology
towards this goal.
Readings
Keulartz, J. (2015). Captivity for Conservation? Zoos at a Crossroads. Accessed at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273902031_Captivity_for_Conservation_Zoos_at_a_C
rossroads on August 13, 2016.
Kobilinsky, D. New live cam technology might help conservation. Accessed at
http://wildlife.org/new-live-cam-technology-might-help-conservation/ on August 13, 2016.
Genetics
Research has shown that zoos currently hold about 15% of the endangered land animals in
captivity. There remains a continual struggle to breed these animals due to low numbers. A zoo’s
ability to maintain enough genetic variability among individual species is impossible and space
limitations prevent expansion to allow the influx of more animals.
Economics
The secondary goal for many zoos, that of reintroduction to the wild, also faces challenges due to
the costs involved, from financial to ecological. Animals living in captivity often lose the
necessary skills to survive in the wild once released.
Ecosystems
Lastly, the ecosystems into which the captive animals are eventually released are constantly
changing. Many factors may have affected their previous habitat, preventing the animal’s chance
at a successful re-introduction to the wild.
Education and Technology
Technology and education have also been identified as important components in maintaining the
biodiversity of the natural world. Zoos are in a unique position to educate the public about
conservation issues and they are continually looking for ways to convey this information to
visitors. The Metro Richmond Zoo uses video cam technology to encourage cheetah
conservation by streaming live footage of cheetah litters online. Viewers witness the day-to-day
lives of the cheetah cubs without human interference or disturbance.
Answer the following questions in complete sentences using an essay format. See the “SLP
Assignment Expectations” for further directions on formatting and organization.
Assignment Directions:
Discuss how zoos have evolved over the last 50 years to become conservation centers.
Incorporate the role of zoos in educating the public into your response.
.
The Evolutionary Crisis Of Marine Mammals
The document discusses the evolutionary crisis facing marine mammals. It notes that while adaptation has historically been a natural process, marine mammals are now being forced to adapt faster than ever before due to factors like climate change, overfishing, and pollution from human activity. For some species, these environmental changes are occurring faster than they can evolve or survive. The document provides background on the evolution of marine mammals and how they have adapted from land to sea over millions of years.
Running head EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK STUDY LITERATURE REVIEW.docx
Running head: EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK STUDY LITERATURE REVIEW
1
EVERGLADES NATIONAL PARK STUDY LITERATURE REVIEW
10
Everglades National Park Study Literature Review
Shadelly Guzman
West Coast University
Everglades National Park Literature Review
Introduction
The Everglades national Park is one of the largest National parks in the United States. It is situated in Florida and plays the role of protecting the southern 20 percent of the well-recognized original Everglades. It is also the largest tropical wilderness in the United States. The park is visited by approximately one million individuals as tourists who enjoy the large number of features and beautiful views that the park provides, from the natural features to the large variety of animals that wildly exist in the park. This park is ranked third largest national park, when considering only the lower 48 states, after Death Valley and Yellowstone (Ogden, 2011). Another unique aspect of the park is that it is among the only three main national parks in the world to be declared in the categories of World Heritage Site, Biosphere Reserve and Wetland of International importance. The park is however, currently facing significant challenges in its existence, due to significant changes that occur on a daily basis. In this section, a review of other literal sources is carried out, to determine the existing correlation between the animal life and the water in this park. The paper is stratified into two main sections, the scientific section and the cultural section. Each one of these sections is essential in understanding the topic (Stewart, 2013).
Scientific
A large number of authors that evaluate the Everglades National park have evaluated the scientific aspects that clearly describe the existing relationship between the water of the park and the animals whose habitat is the park. Scientifically, living organisms with animals included move to regions that have favorable environmental conditions for their existence. This implies that for a long time, even before the park was established and officially made a permanent home for the animals, many animals had been attracted to the region because of its original environment which they considered to be beneficial and effective for their existence. Being a wetland, many animals that are highly comfortable with these regions are currently successful and in preference of the region. They rely on these foods and environment to survive (Scholz, 2015).
With clarity and understanding of the facts that the Everglades National park has significantly important vegetation that plays a major role in making sure that the large numbers of organisms that rely on them survive, the need to ensure that the vegetation remains in its current productive and beneficial state is paramount. Perry (2008) explain that the government and national park preservation agencies involve in the activities of vegetation treatment, aimed at making sure that the vegetation of the ...
Joshua Seidman Honors Thesis Rough Draft 2.4 enm
- The document summarizes a study that used environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis to assess the biodiversity of restored bivalve populations at two sites in New York City - Soundview Park and Freshkills Park.
- eDNA was extracted from water and sediment samples to identify eukaryotic organisms without directly observing them. This allows for a more efficient biodiversity analysis compared to traditional methods.
- The study aims to compare biodiversity between restored areas with bivalves and control sites without bivalves to evaluate the impact of restoration efforts. Preliminary results from Soundview Park found over 270 eukaryotic orders present based on eDNA sequencing.
Devin Resume May 2015
This document is a resume for Devin M. Spencer that outlines their education and professional experience in environmental science and communication. They have a Master's degree in Environmental Science and Management from UC Santa Barbara with a focus on coastal management and communication. Their professional experience includes positions at the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis communicating research, and The Nature Conservancy conducting research on desalination impacts and developing a volunteer program. They also have experience cataloging fish specimens and conducting field research on topics like hummingbirds, invertebrates, sharks, and sea turtles.
Similar to The Value of Zoos for Science and Conservation (20)
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A R T I C L E SCaptivity for Conservation Zoos at a Cross.docx
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Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
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Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
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Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
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Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
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8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
The Value of Zoos for Science and Conservation
- 1. The Value of Zoos for Science and Conservation Courtney Dunn, M.S. Ph.D. Student, Quantitative Biology University of Texas at Arlington Dallas World Aquarium
- 2. Introduction Zoos have been a source of great controversy since their beginnings A transformation has occurred in recent years from menageries to vessels for conservation change But, how much do zoos actually contribute to conservation?
- 3. Noah’s Ark Existence Insurance populations to safeguard the future (Lees and Wilcken 2009)
- 4. “Taxonomically-Biased Collections” Some propose zoos have yet to unveil their full conservation potential (Fa et al. 2014) Claim zoos house species of lesser conservation priority, more charismatic Prioritized species often require huge conservation efforts in the wild with a small chance of success (Fa et al., 2014; Possingham et al., 2002).
- 5. 23%of zoo collections are currently devoted to threatened species, spread across several animal orders (International Species Information System)
- 6. Extinct in the Wild Conde et al. (2011)
- 8. Reintroduction Programs A combination of captive breeding, reintroduction programs, and hunting restrictions have been the most effective conservation actions (Conde et al. 2013)
- 9. Success Stories Keirruf (2012)Morrison, et al. (2014) Grow, et al. (2015) Olson and Chestnut (2015) Lafferriere, et al. (2016)
- 10. Reintroduction Failures “The only real mistake is the one from which we learn nothing.” - Henry Ford Introduced American Burying Beetles abandoned burrows, mainly bad release timing (FWS 2013) Captive born carnivores harder to release (Hedrick and Fredrickson 2003)
- 11. “Education is Conservation” Zoos promote a stronger connection to nature and prompt visitors to reconsider their role in environmental problems
- 12. 180,000,000People visit AZA-accredited zoological institutions each year to learn about wild animals, their habitats, their related conservation issues, and the ways in which they can contribute to their preservation (AZA 2016)
- 13. 51,000,00Of those yearly visitors are students, ranging from pre-K to the college level (AZA 2016)
- 14. 400,000Teachers trained with award-winning and proven science curricula (AZA 2016)
- 15. Connecting People with Nature Spending time in a zoo setting leads to an increase in implicit connectedness with nature (Bruni et al. 2008) Suggest that zoo experiences can promote an increase in connectedness with nature Effect occurs primarily at the implicit level and may not be apparent to visitors at the
- 16. Citizen Science Programs Example: FrogWatch Trained individuals listen for frogs and toads during evenings from February through August and submit these observations to a national online database (Steelman et al. 2010)
- 17. Magle (2016)
- 18. Assessing the Role of Zoos in Wildlife Conservation Zoo should work on transforming themselves from displays to interactive conservation centers. Work on bridging the gap between captive collections and free-range wildlife (Tribe and Booth 2006). Changing public perceptions of zoos requires institutions to act together rather than independently (Carr and Cohen 2015).
- 19. Questions?
Editor's Notes
- Zoos have the inherent problem of needing to house animals that are charismatic in nature in order to continue to pull visitors in. This biased way of thinking can often cause more harm than good as some of the most highly endangered groups of animals, such as the amphibians, are often not viewed as charismatic enough for the general public. Quite simply, unfamiliar species are less likely to sell to the public. As a result, zoos will focus more exhibit, education and conservation attention on a select number of species. An animal’s biological needs and the conservation projects for that animal are often balanced against a zoo’s financial imperatives.
- However, zoos may be the last resort for several species which have been completely eradicated in the wild.
- AZA-accredited zoos and aquariums play a vital role in educating over 180 million visitors, including 51 million students, each year, about wild animals, their habitats, their related conservation issues, and the ways in which they can contribute to their preservation. Over the past ten years, AZA-accredited institutions have also trained more than 400,000 teachers with award-winning and proven science curricula.