The tradgedy of_the_love_canal-1
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The Love Canal tragedy began when an industrialist attempted to build a city powered by hydroelectric power near Niagara Falls in the 1890s. The project failed and the unfinished canal was used as a chemical waste dump from the 1940s-1960s before being covered with dirt. In the 1970s, heavy rains caused toxic waste to leach to the surface, contaminating the neighborhood and causing health issues for residents. In 1978, over 200 families were evacuated and President Carter declared the area a federal disaster after high rates of birth defects and illnesses were reported. This led to the creation of the Superfund law to fund cleanup of hazardous waste sites.
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The Love Canal disaster involved a neighborhood in Niagara Falls, New York that was built on top of a former chemical waste dump containing over 21,000 tons of toxic waste. In the late 1970s, residents noticed high rates of cancer and birth defects, which were eventually traced to the chemical waste leaking into the soil and water supply from the dump located under the neighborhood. Over 800 families were evacuated and reimbursed for their homes after extensive legal battles and media coverage brought attention to the environmental and public health crisis.
Love Canal Tragedy
If the question is asked “What is Love Canal? Why is it important?” the answer could be simply put, it is an incomplete canal, or just a trench, built in western New York state in the 1890s. From the 1930s through the 1950s, it was used as a chemical waste dump. The surrounding land was then sold and used for residential purposes, and soon people began complaining about strange odours and possible health problems. Since the late 1970s, many studies have been done to ascertain whether any health problems can be traced to the waste dumped into LoveCanal.
It is significant because it was the first case concerning hazardous waste disposal and its possible health effects that received major national attention. The information in this site is drawn primarily from two publications: Monitoring the Community for Exposure and Disease, a report to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (Nicholas Ashford, Principal Investigator, and Linda Schierow, Project Manager, Centre for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development, 1991) and Love Canal: Science, Politics, and People (Adeline Gordon Levine, Toronto: D.C. Heath, 1982). Other information is drawn from materials listed in the other Love Canal Resources sections.
The Love Canal neighbourhood is located in the city of Niagara Falls, in western New York State. It officially covers 36 square blocks in the south-eastern corner of the city. Two bodies of water define the northern and southern boundaries of the neighbourhood Bergholtz Creek to the north and the Niagara River one-quarter mile to the south. Open fields are to the east, and the western border is 92nd Street. The canal itself is enclosed by 97th, 99th, Colvin and Frontier Streets.
Mason love canal
The document summarizes the Love Canal disaster, where toxic waste was dumped in an abandoned canal from 1942-1953 and homes were later built on the site. In the 1970s, chemicals from the waste started leaking into basements due to heavy rainfall. This led to health issues in the community and the evacuation of over 900 families by 1978-1980. The disaster brought national attention to the issues of hazardous waste disposal and management and led to the establishment of federal legislation like the Superfund Act to address toxic waste cleanup.
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love canal tragedy
Love Canal incident is remembered as a "national symbol of a failure to exercise a sense of concern for future generations", as retold by, New York State Health Department Commissioner David Axelrod.....it is an example of ground water pollution
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The document summarizes the Love Canal case study which involved toxic waste dumping and exposure in Niagara Falls, NY from the 1940s-1970s. Hooker Chemical Company dumped over 21,000 tons of toxic waste in the abandoned Love Canal before selling it to the local school board. In the late 1970s, high rates of health issues in the area led to the discovery that toxic chemicals were leaching into homes. In 1978, over 200 homes were evacuated and in 1994 Occidental Petroleum settled lawsuits for $129 million to complete the cleanup. The document evaluates alternatives such as residents returning after cleanup or relocating, and recommends relocation along with hiring a developer to formulate the best long-term solution.
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The Love Canal disaster involved a neighborhood in Niagara Falls, New York that was built on top of a former chemical waste dump containing over 21,000 tons of toxic waste. In the late 1970s, residents noticed high rates of cancer and birth defects, which were eventually traced to the chemical waste leaking into the soil and water supply from the dump located under the neighborhood. Over 800 families were evacuated and reimbursed for their homes after extensive legal battles and media coverage brought attention to the environmental and public health crisis.
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If the question is asked “What is Love Canal? Why is it important?” the answer could be simply put, it is an incomplete canal, or just a trench, built in western New York state in the 1890s. From the 1930s through the 1950s, it was used as a chemical waste dump. The surrounding land was then sold and used for residential purposes, and soon people began complaining about strange odours and possible health problems. Since the late 1970s, many studies have been done to ascertain whether any health problems can be traced to the waste dumped into LoveCanal.
It is significant because it was the first case concerning hazardous waste disposal and its possible health effects that received major national attention. The information in this site is drawn primarily from two publications: Monitoring the Community for Exposure and Disease, a report to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (Nicholas Ashford, Principal Investigator, and Linda Schierow, Project Manager, Centre for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development, 1991) and Love Canal: Science, Politics, and People (Adeline Gordon Levine, Toronto: D.C. Heath, 1982). Other information is drawn from materials listed in the other Love Canal Resources sections.
The Love Canal neighbourhood is located in the city of Niagara Falls, in western New York State. It officially covers 36 square blocks in the south-eastern corner of the city. Two bodies of water define the northern and southern boundaries of the neighbourhood Bergholtz Creek to the north and the Niagara River one-quarter mile to the south. Open fields are to the east, and the western border is 92nd Street. The canal itself is enclosed by 97th, 99th, Colvin and Frontier Streets.
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The document summarizes the Love Canal disaster, where toxic waste was dumped in an abandoned canal from 1942-1953 and homes were later built on the site. In the 1970s, chemicals from the waste started leaking into basements due to heavy rainfall. This led to health issues in the community and the evacuation of over 900 families by 1978-1980. The disaster brought national attention to the issues of hazardous waste disposal and management and led to the establishment of federal legislation like the Superfund Act to address toxic waste cleanup.
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The document summarizes the Love Canal case study which involved toxic waste dumping and exposure in Niagara Falls, NY from the 1940s-1970s. Hooker Chemical Company dumped over 21,000 tons of toxic waste in the abandoned Love Canal before selling it to the local school board. In the late 1970s, high rates of health issues in the area led to the discovery that toxic chemicals were leaching into homes. In 1978, over 200 homes were evacuated and in 1994 Occidental Petroleum settled lawsuits for $129 million to complete the cleanup. The document evaluates alternatives such as residents returning after cleanup or relocating, and recommends relocation along with hiring a developer to formulate the best long-term solution.
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Minamata disaster
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Environmental Disasters
This slide presentation is part DYUTI 2010 preconference series. This slides discuss various environmental disasters. Prepared and Presented by Kochubaby Manjorran
Minamata Mercury Pollution
The document discusses the Minamata mercury pollution incident that occurred in Japan between 1908 and 1959. It summarizes that:
1) A chemical factory began dumping mercury-laced wastewater into Minamata Bay in 1908, poisoning the local fishing community through the food chain over decades.
2) "Minamata disease" was discovered and linked to methylmercury poisoning in 1956 when residents developed neurological symptoms.
3) It took until 1959 to officially identify the factory as the source of pollution and order wastewater treatment, by which time many had died or suffered permanent injury from mercury exposure.
Detailed Slope Stability Analysis and Assessment of the Original Carsington E...
A 1225 m long, 35 m high zone earth filled embankment was being constructed from 1981 to 1984 from a British Regional Water Authority to regulate flows in the River Derwent in England. The Carsington Dam was planned to be one of the largest earth filled dams in Britain. Its reservoir capacity was 35 million m3 and the watertight element was Rolled Clay Core with an upstream extension of boot shaped and shoulders of compacted mudstone with horizontal drainage layers of crushed limestone about 4 metres apart and a cut-off grout curtain (Davey and Eccles, 1983).
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However, at the beginning of June 1984, a 400-m length of the upstream shoulder of the embankment dam slipped some 11 m and failed. At the time of the failure, embankment construction was virtually complete with the dam approaching its maximum height of 35 m. Horizontal drainage blankets were incorporated in both the upstream and the downstream shale fill shoulders. Piezometers had been installed and pore pressures were being monitored in the foundation, in the clay core, and in the shoulder fill. The failure surface passed through the boot shaped rolled clay core and a relatively thin layer of surface clay in the foundation of the dam. Investigation of the events at Carsington has made important contributions to the fundamental understanding of the behaviour of large earthworks of this type (Vaughan et al., 1989; Dounias et al., 1996).
The objective of this research is to evaluate a detailed slope stability assessment of the Carsington Earth Embankment Dam in the UK used to retain mine tailings.
By using and applying advanced geotechnical engineering analysis tools and modelling techniques the Carsington Earth Embankment Dam, which is considered a particular geotechnical structure, is analysed.
In the current detailed slope stability analyses the total and effective stress state soil properties / parameters were used, and the most critical slip circle centre according to Fellenius - Jumikis method was initially determined. Subsequently, the Carsington Earth Embankment Dam and its foundation was analysed and examined against failure by slope instability. Considerations of loading conditions which may result to instability for all likely combinations of reservoir and tailwater levels, seepage conditions, both after and during construction were made, and hence three construction and / or loading condit
Our country as a colony of spain
The Philippines was ruled as a Spanish colony for 333 years from 1565 to 1893. Spain established a central government, uniting the islands under one nation called "Filipinas" for the first time. The Spanish colonial government suffered from debts and a lack of cooperation from Filipinos. While the population of Spaniards remained low, the Filipino population grew rapidly under Spanish rule. Christianity also spread widely as the Spaniards used the Philippines as a mission field to convert Filipinos and expand Catholic influence in Asia. This religious conversion and the union of church and state helped Spain maintain control over the Philippines for so long.
LAS MEJORES ALEMANAS EN LA CAMA
Este documento advierte que su contenido es solo apto para mayores de 18 años y contiene imágenes impactantes. Avisa a personas sensibles, religiosos y novicios que se abstengan de verlo. El autor se exime de responsabilidad por el contenido y advierte que quien lo vea lo hace bajo su propio riesgo.
Embankment lecture 3
Hydraulic failures .... 40%
Seepage failures…….. 30%
Structural failures .... 30%
(1) Overtopping
(2) Erosion of u/s slope by waves
(3) Erosion of d/s slope by wind and rain
(4) Erosion of d/s toe
(5) Frost action
(1) Overtopping = the design flood is under estimated.
spillway capacity is not adequet
spillway gates are not properly operated
free board is not sufficient
excessive settlement of the foundation and dam
(2) Erosion of u/s slope by waves = The waves developed near the top water surface due to the winds, try to notch out the soil from the upstream face and may even, sometimes, cause the slip of the upstream slope.
Upstream stone pitching or riprap should, therefore, be provided to avoid such failures.
(3) Erosion of d/s slope by wind and rain = The rainwater flowing down the slope; may result in the formation of 'gullies' on the downstream slope thus damaging the dam which may generally lead to partial failure of the dam or in some cases it may cause complete failure of the dam.
Erosion of d/s toe : = Toe erosion may occur due to two reasons :
erosion due to tail water
erosion due to cross currents that may come from spillway buckets.
Frost action : = If the earth dam is located at a place where the temperature falls below the freezing point, frost may form in the pores of the soil in the earth dam.
When there is heaving, the cracks may form in the soil. This may lead to dangerous seepage and consequent failure.
Seepage failures : = Seepage failures may occur due to the following causes :
(1) Piping through the foundation
(2) Piping through the dam
(3) Sloughing of d/s toe
Structural failures :=
Structural failures in earth dams are generally shear failures leading to sliding of the tents or the foundations.
(1) u/s and d/s slope failures due to construction pore pressures
(2) u/s slope failure due to sudden drawdown
(3) D/s slope failure due to steady seepage
(4) Foundation slide due to spontaneous liquefaction
(5) Failure due to earthquake
(6) Failure by spreading
(7) Slope protection failures
(8) Failure due to damage caused by borrowing animals
(9) Failure due to holes caused by leaching of water soluable salts
Criteria for safe Design of Earth Dam :
Section of an Earth Dam :
The design of an earth dam essentially consists of determining such a cross section
the dam which when constructed with the available materials will fulfill its required
tion with adequate safety. Thus there are two aspects of the design of an earth dam.
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The tradgedy of_the_love_canal-1
- 1. The Tradgedy of the Love Canal Chemical Disasters by: Sibel Tekmen
- 2. "The Most Expensive and Beautiful Park in the World" • William T. Love came to Niagara Falls, New York in the 1890's • wanted to create a city, with housing for more than 1 million people • power city using hydroelectric dams on a 11-kilometer canal between the upper and lower Niagara Rivers • built a kilometer long pit, part of the canal
- 3. Failed Ambitions • idea of a new city attracted many investors • following year, construction began • factors of failure: fluctuations of the economy scared off investors, discovery of electricity made the canal seem unnecessary, local politicians prohibited the diversion of the two rivers water's altogether
- 4. Use of the Pit • pit remained, and filled with water • swimming in the summer, skating in the river • 1920, sold to the Niagara Falls • used the pit to dump chemical waste • after twenty years, the Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation purchased land for their own chemical disposal • 1953, pit was virtually full; 22,000 tons of waste • dangers of chemical wastes were unknown • pit was lined with clay and covered with dirt and was considered safe • City purchased the land and built an elementary school and homes around it
- 5. Effects of the Pit • strange odors and substances were felt,especially in basements • pieces of phosphorous made way to the surface, children were burned in the schoolyard by toxic waste • local officials alerted, but no action • 1976, heavy blizzard and rain caused chemical waste to migrate to the surface, contaminated entire neighborhood • next year, higher rate of stillborns and miscarriages, many born with birth defects • 400 types of chemicals in the air, water and soil • one woman's son was ill, went around neighborhood and found out more were ill too
- 6. City Takes Action • 1978, Dr. Robert P. Whalen declared area around the Love Canal hazardous • land closed, area sectioned off and 200 families were evacuated • on August 7, President Jimmy Carter called on the Federal Disaster Assistance Agency for help • Hooker Chemical was sued for $11 billion • corporation denied its involvement • more than 1000 families had been moved out of the area
- 7. Positives? • creation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act • "Superfund" Law • collect taxes from gas and chemical corporations to be used directly to clean up any sites similar to the Love Canal