World disasters due to human errors that led to death, cancer and some happen to cause mutanity

2. LOVE CANAL

3. STORY OF THE LOVE CANAL
In the 1890s, a man named William T. Love wanted dig a canal in western New York
State from the Niagara River, around Niagara Falls, and into Lake Ontario (generate
electricity)
US Congress passed a law prohibiting the diversion of water out of the Niagara
River to help preserve the famous falls
He then change his plan. He was going to use his canal as a commercial shipping
route around Niagara Falls

4. He digged about a mile of canal, building a couple of streets and a few houses
Unfortunately, William Love ran out of money and abandoned the project
the City of Niagara Falls began using the canal as a dump site for the city’s garbage.
In 1942 the Hooker Electric Company was given permission to use the canal as a
dump site for their chemical waste.

5. The canal was drained, a thick layer of clay was placed on the sides and bottom of the canal, and Hooker
Electric began filling it with 55-gallon drums.
The US Army and the City of Niagara Falls also used the area as a dump site until 1948 after which Hooker
Electric was the sole owner and user.
By 1953, about 21,000 tons of chemicals, many of them very toxic, had pretty much filled the canal.
Human population around of the area had been growing. The City of Niagara Falls wanted to build new
neighbourhoods and school for its growing population and Love Canal had been chosen.
It attempted to buy the land from Hooker Electric, but the company refused to sell because of safety
concerns due to the toxic nature of the waste under the site.

6. Forcing Hooker Electric to sell the property. In 1953, for the price on $1, and included warned explaining the
dangers of building on the land the potential for toxic exposure.
Then, the 99th Street School and several neighbourhoods were built on and around Love Canal.
By the late 1950s, the City of Niagara Falls had removed some of the clay lining of the canal to use as fill dirt and
had broken holes in other parts of the clay lining to run sewer lines.
Resulted in extensive exposure to chemicals for the people living in the area. Sink holes opened on the school
grounds exposing drums of chemicals.

7. These holes then filled with water and became puddles that children played in
-puddles of oil
-strange colored liquids seeping into their basements
-smell of chemical
-children often returned home with chemical burns or rashes on their hands and faces
In the 1970s, people were suffering from cancer, birth defects, and also miscarriage.
Finally, in 1979, the still fairly new Environmental Protection Agency declared the area around Love Canal an
emergency disaster area.

8. 8/26

9. Factors
Human errors
Lack of knowledge
Improper disposal of toxic waste

10. CONSEQUENCES
Activism Birth Defects
Miscarriage
Cancer
Chromosome
abnormality
Burn and rashes
Death

11. Remediation
Build a systematic landfill
Send toxic waste to Kualiti Alam
Buy biodegradable products.
Store all liquid chemicals and waste in spill-proof containers.

12. Chernobyl Disaster

14. On April 25–26, 1986, when technicians at reactor Unit 4 attempted a poorly designed experiment (to test the new voltage
regulating system)
Workers shut down the reactor’s power-regulating system and its emergency safety systems
They withdrew most of the control rods from its core
Allow reactor running at 7 percent power
Several explosions triggered a large fireball and blew off the heavy steel and concrete lid of the reactor.
This and the ensuing fire in the graphite reactor core released large amounts of radioactive material into the atmosphere

15. Some sources state that two people were killed in the initial explosions, whereas
others report that the figure was closer to 50
Dozens more contracted serious radiation sickness; some of these people later died
This radioactivity was spread by the wind over Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine and soon
reached as far west as France and Italy
Millions of acres of forest and farmland were contaminated, and thousands of people
were evacuated

17. Factors
Human errors
Design failures
Still cleaning the affected place 30 years after

18. CONSEQUENCES
Birth Defects Cancer
Chromosome
abnormality
Mental Health Death
Mutation

19. Remediation
Burying the plant with sand and concrete to seal it off from
the outside world
Build systematic and safer plant
Frequent maintenance