Love Canal
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The document summarizes the Love Canal case study which involved toxic waste dumping and exposure in Niagara Falls, NY from the 1940s-1970s. Hooker Chemical Company dumped over 21,000 tons of toxic waste in the abandoned Love Canal before selling it to the local school board. In the late 1970s, high rates of health issues in the area led to the discovery that toxic chemicals were leaching into homes. In 1978, over 200 homes were evacuated and in 1994 Occidental Petroleum settled lawsuits for $129 million to complete the cleanup. The document evaluates alternatives such as residents returning after cleanup or relocating, and recommends relocation along with hiring a developer to formulate the best long-term solution.
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If the question is asked “What is Love Canal? Why is it important?” the answer could be simply put, it is an incomplete canal, or just a trench, built in western New York state in the 1890s. From the 1930s through the 1950s, it was used as a chemical waste dump. The surrounding land was then sold and used for residential purposes, and soon people began complaining about strange odours and possible health problems. Since the late 1970s, many studies have been done to ascertain whether any health problems can be traced to the waste dumped into LoveCanal.
It is significant because it was the first case concerning hazardous waste disposal and its possible health effects that received major national attention. The information in this site is drawn primarily from two publications: Monitoring the Community for Exposure and Disease, a report to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (Nicholas Ashford, Principal Investigator, and Linda Schierow, Project Manager, Centre for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development, 1991) and Love Canal: Science, Politics, and People (Adeline Gordon Levine, Toronto: D.C. Heath, 1982). Other information is drawn from materials listed in the other Love Canal Resources sections.
The Love Canal neighbourhood is located in the city of Niagara Falls, in western New York State. It officially covers 36 square blocks in the south-eastern corner of the city. Two bodies of water define the northern and southern boundaries of the neighbourhood Bergholtz Creek to the north and the Niagara River one-quarter mile to the south. Open fields are to the east, and the western border is 92nd Street. The canal itself is enclosed by 97th, 99th, Colvin and Frontier Streets.
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- 1. CASE STUDY: LOVE CANAL
- 2. Background of the Study In 1894, William Love began to build a canal in the Niagara Falls area of New York State to unify waterways into efficient shipping systems. Due to economic depression, the project was abandoned.
- 3. In 1942, the Hooker Electrochemical Corporation leased the canal as a waste dump to dispose of toxic waste from the manufacture of chlorinated hydrocarbons and caustics. After exhausting the contents of the canal, (around 21,000 tons of toxic chemical). Hooker capped the hazardous waste landfill with impermeable cap. Background of the Study
- 4. In the early 1950s the local School Board began making inquiries on the Love Canal propertyThree years later, Hooker sold the land to the Niagara Falls School. Background of the Study
- 5. An elementary school was built in the middle of the property and the surrounding land was sold by the School Board to developers who built homes In 1958, three children suffered chemical burns from wastes that had resurfaced at the former canal site. Background of the Study
- 6. By 1978 occupants of the homes in the area had begun to organize Love Canal Homeowners Association (LCHA) which is led by Lois Gibbs. On August 2, 1978, a public health emergency was declared by the New York State Commissioner of Health. It purchased the 239 homes nearest to the canal and assist the displaced families in relocating this action costs $42 million in excess to government. Background of the Study
- 7. The NYSDH did conduct a survey study of the residents in the remaining homes which concluded the safety of the residence. Members of the LCHA rejected the Department's assurances, citing the fact that chemical seepage was evident beyond the evacuated area. Background of the Study
- 8. Lawsuits sued the Occidental Petroleum Corporation, which bought Hooker Chemical in 1968.In 1994, the federal case was settled for $129 million and the clean up of the Love Canal was finished. Background of the Study
- 9. Viewpoint Love Canal Homeowners Association (LCHA)
- 10. Timeframe 1994: This is when the federal case was settled and the clean up was recently finished.
- 11. Statement of the Problem Prevention of toxic waste exposure to residents of Love Canal in the future.
- 12. Areas of Consideration Strength Opportunities • Inexpensive refurbished home for sale • Place is cleaned up of toxic wastes • Attracts frugal buyers or poor families • Favored by the government Weakness Threats • Past issues with safety • Possible remnants of toxic waste • Stigma of past hazard • Media influence
- 13. Alternative Courses of Action Advantages Disadvantages • The residents will no longer need to search for a new residence. • Less cost. • many are still not convinced and the toxic-free is not fully assured. • The stigma/trauma of the residents. ACA1 The residents of the love canal will evacuate and will return after the clean- up.
- 14. Alternative Courses of Action Advantages Disadvantages • Safer place to the residence to live in. • The residents will no longer worry with toxic exposure. • New environment adjustments • No career assurance for the residents to be relocated • The students will more likely to transfer to other school • More cost ACA2 The residents of love canal will relocate even though there will be a clean-up operation.
- 15. Alternative Courses of Action Advantages Disadvantages • A chance for no relocation needed results to less expense. • Developer might formulate a solution that will give the residents and company a bigger opportunity. • A chance for a bigger expense for proposed solution of the consultant. ACA3 A developer will be hired to conduct a study and formulate the best solution.
- 16. Conclusion It is recommended to follow the ACA 2 and ACA 3 that the residents of love canal will relocate and a developer will be hired to conduct a study to formulate the best solution. Even though there will be a clean-up operation for the residents to have a safer place to live in, there is no assurance that the toxic wastes still lingers in the said area. In addition to that, the residents will no longer worry for the risk of being exposed with the toxic waste. After the relocation of residents and cleanup operation, a study will be conducted by a developer to formulate the best solution that might give bigger opportunity to the area.
- 17. Action Plan Activities Person/Group Responsible Remarks Look for prospective site for relocation LCHA Hold a meeting Lois Gibbs Prepare for the financial matters LCHA Prepare the needed documents for relocation LCHA Prepare for moving in to new residence LCHA Relocate the residents LCHA Hire a developer NYSDH Conduct a study Developer Formulate the best solution Developer Implement the solution NYSDH