United States Federal Government Structure for International StudentsMolly Nichelson
I'm currently a graduate student in USC's Price School of Public Affairs, International Public Policy and Management program (IPPAM). The majority of my classmates are foreign nationals and they asked me to give a presentation on the US Federal Government structure. It's a basic overview but they were keenly interested in lobbying and PACs.
United States Federal Government Structure for International StudentsMolly Nichelson
I'm currently a graduate student in USC's Price School of Public Affairs, International Public Policy and Management program (IPPAM). The majority of my classmates are foreign nationals and they asked me to give a presentation on the US Federal Government structure. It's a basic overview but they were keenly interested in lobbying and PACs.
Criminal Justice Goal - Ultimate goal of convicting the guilty while protecting the innocent by limiting governmental power and respecting individual rights.
Criminal Justice Goal - Ultimate goal of convicting the guilty while protecting the innocent by limiting governmental power and respecting individual rights.
Learn about publicly available online resources for the U.S. Supreme Court. Presentation intended for library school students but offers enough information for someone who is curious about the topic.
The Federal Judiciary I. Constitutional Provisions .docxtodd771
The Federal Judiciary
I. Constitutional Provisions
A. Article III of the Constitution - “The judicial Power in the United States, shall be vested
in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time
ordain and establish.” Also provides for lifetime tenure.
B. Marbury v. Madison (1803) - - gave the judicial branch the power to of judicial review -
decide on the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive actions.
II. The Legal System
A. Criminal and Civil Law
1. Criminal Law - the branch of law dealing with crimes and their punishments.
(Murder, rape, robbery) state v citizen, innocent until proven guilty, burden of
proof on government, beyond a reasonable doubt
2. Civil Law - is the body of law dealing with noncriminal matters, such as the laws
of property, commercial law, and family law. (Employment discrimination)
citizen v citizen, threshold of proof is lower, PREPONDERANCE OF
EVIDENCE.
B. Jurisdiction - the authority to hear and decide cases.
1. Original Jurisdiction - refers to a court’s authority to hear disputes as a trial
court (Ex. O. J. Simpson’s case was held in a state level trial court). The facts of
the case are established at the trial court level. More than 90 percent of all cases
end at this stage.
2. Appellate Jurisdiction - refers to a court’s ability to review cases already decided
by a trial court.
III. The U.S. Court System: Organization and Jurisdiction
A. Federal District Courts - are trial courts. There are 94, based on population but with at
least one in each state.
1. They are courts of original jurisdiction.
2. Some use juries (either grand jury to decide if there is sufficient evidence to bring
an indictment to an accused person or petit jury that hear evidence and sit in
judgment) and other cases are heard by only a judge.
B. Circuit Court of Appeal - are intermediate appellate courts. There are 12, based on
regions or circuits that hear appeals from the federal district court. A thirteenth court, U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, hears cases on patents and government contracts.
Usually, a group of three judges decides their cases.
C. Supreme Court - is the ultimate appellate court. Most cases that it hears have proceeded
through the lower courts first. Today, we have 8 justices and one chief justice - 9 in total.
1. Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court are binding throughout the nation and
establish legal precedents.
2. Also has original jurisdiction - disputes involving ambassadors, two or more
states, etc.
IV. Judicial Selection - the president’s means of exercising leadership of the judicial branch
is through the nomination of federal judges.
A. Selection of Lower-Court Judges - this involves the federal district courts and the
court of appeals. The president nominates for a lifetime tenure and the Senate must
confirm each nomination by a majority vo.
Top of FormWEEK 5 SUPREME COURT Lesson Lesson 5 Th.docxedwardmarivel
Top of Form
WEEK 5: SUPREME COURT
Lesson
Lesson 5: The Supreme Court
"A law embodies beliefs that have triumphed in the battle of ideas.”
-Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes
Expected Outcomes
To understand the evolution of the Supreme Court in relation to the other branches of power; to appreciate the difference between the “original intent” and “judicial activist” philosophies; and to critically evaluate the political and cultural importance of major Supreme Court decisions.
Overview
I. The Legal Framework
Most American laws are based on the English legal system. The body of judge-made law is referred to as common law. The U.S. Constitution, State Constitutions and statutes - laws passed by Congress or State Legislatures - are sources upon which American law is founded. Common law countries around the world include: United States; Britain, Australia, Canada, India, and New Zealand.
The United States utilizes a dual court system which is comprised of both State and Federal Courts. The rules and principles which are the basis of court decisions are referred to as Case Law. Case law has bearing on future cases that involve similar facts and constitutional issues. The case law or court rule from previous cases establishes the precedents on which future cases will be relied upon in the decision making process. The doctrine of stare decisis means to stand on the decided cases.
A courts authority to hear and decide cases refers to the jurisdiction of the court. According to the Constitution, the accused must receive a fair trial in the jurisdiction in which the crime was committed. Federal Courts have jurisdiction when there is a federal question in the case, when there is diversity of citizenship involved in the case (meaning citizens from different states), and when there are two or more different states or state boundaries involved. When a case is to be heard in Federal Court, courts with limited jurisdiction include Tax and Bankruptcy Courts. These are examples of courts that deal with very specialized issues that do not deal with constitutional issues, but other federal issues.
II. The Judicial Powers
According to Article III of the Constitution, the judicial power of the United States would be vested in one Supreme Court. The actual authority of the Supreme Court was described as:
· “The Judicial power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; to Controversies between two or more States; between a State and Citizens of another State; between Citizens of different States; between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizen ...
EDLD804 Constitutional Law Chapter 1 PresentationPaul Gruhn
As a part of the EDLD808 Law in Education course at University of Bridgeport, each student was required to present on a chapter in Alexander, Kern, & Alexander (2011) Educational Law textbook. I did chapter one. This is the presentation,
The Court System Federal and State | David Ford Avon CtDavid Ford Avon Ct
Created by Article III of the Constitution. Supreme Court is the only Court Created by the Constitution all other federal courts were created by Congress. Chief Justice John Marshall appointed in 1801-1835 did much to increase the power of the Court.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
3. Topic:
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court *State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
4. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court *State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
5. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court *State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
6. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
7. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
8. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court, *CivilCourt , *Family Cou and State Courts2.
In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
9. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court, *Civil Court, *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
10. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court, and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
11. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
23. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
26. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
28. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
30. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
32. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
35. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
37. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
38. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
39. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner &
Respondent)
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
Criminal CourtCriminal Court
42. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
Civil CourtCivil Court
45. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
Family CourtFamily Court
50. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
55. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
68. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st Court =
6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
77. The Supreme Court
• Established by Article III of the Constitution.
• Top of the Judicial Branch in the Federal Government.
• Final decisions in solving problems about the US Constitution.
90. 1.
2.
3.
Congress makes laws.
The President controls laws.
The Supreme Court …changes laws.
… checks that laws match the Constitution
91. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court = 6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
92. The Supreme Court
• Established by Article III of the Constitution.
• Top of the Judicial Branch in the Federal Government.
• Final decisions in solving problems about the US Constitution.
94. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court = 6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
95. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court = 6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
99. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*Judges are called “Justices.”
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court = 6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
103. The Supreme Court
The first meeting in New York of the United States Supreme Court in 1790 and 1791.
From left, William Cushing, Chief Justice John Jay, John Blair, and James Wilson.
The Very First Supreme Court Had Four Justices
104. The Supreme Court
The first meeting in New York of the United States Supreme Court in 1790 and 1791.
From left, William Cushing, Chief Justice John Jay, John Blair, and James Wilson.
John
Rutledge
The Very First Supreme Court Had Four Justices
105. The Supreme Court
The first meeting in New York of the United States Supreme Court in 1790 and 1791.
From left, William Cushing, Chief Justice John Jay, John Blair, and James Wilson.
John
Rutledge
The Very First Supreme Court Had Five Justices
108. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*The nine Supreme Court Judges are called “Justices.” (1st
Court = 4)
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve. (1st
Court = 6)
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
120. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*The nine Supreme Court Judges are called “Justices.” (1st
Court = 4)
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve.
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
121. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*The nine Supreme Court Judges are called “Justices.” (1st
Court = 4)
*Nine justices appointed for life by President. Congress must approve.
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
122. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*The nine Supreme Court Judges are called “Justices.” (1st
Court = 4)
*Nine justices appointed for life by President. Congress must approve.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*One Judge = Chief Justice.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
125. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*The nine Supreme Court Judges are called “Justices.” (1st
Court = 4)
*Nine justices appointed for life by President. Congress must approve.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*One Judge = Chief Justice. Chief Justice John Roberts
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
128. The Supreme Court
Chief
Justice John
Roberts
Chief
Justice John
Roberts
Associate
Justice
Thomas
Associate
Justice
Thomas
AssociateJustice
Kagan
AssociateJustice
Kagan
129. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*The nine Supreme Court Judges are called “Justices.” (1st
Court = 4)
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*One Judge = Chief Justice. Chief Justice John Roberts + Associate Justices.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
130. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*The nine Supreme Court Judges are called “Justices.” (1st
Court = 4)
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*One Judge = Chief Justice. Chief Justice John Roberts + Associate Justices.
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
143. Antonin Scalia
• Associate Justice
• Appointed by Ronald Reagan
in 1986.
• Graduate of Harvard Law
School.
• Born 1936.
• RIGHT leaning….
144. Anthony Kennedy
• Associate Justice
• Appointed by Ronald
Reagan in 1988.
• Graduated from Harvard
Law School.
• Born in 1936.
• Moderate….
145. Clarence Thomas
• Associate Justice
• Appointed by George H. W.
Bush in 1991.
• Graduate of Yale Law
School
• Born in 1948.
• RIGHT leaning….
146. Ruth Bader Ginsburg
• Associate Justice
• Appointed by William
Clinton in 1993.
• Graduate of Columbia
University Law School.
• Born in 1933.
• LEFT leaning….
147. Stephen Breyer
• Associate Justice.
• Appointed by William
Clinton in 1994.
• Graduate of Harvard Law
School.
• Born in 1938.
• LEFT leaning….
148. John Roberts
• Chief Justice
• Appointed by George W.
Bush in 2005.
• Graduate of Harvard Law
School.
• Born in 1955.
• Right leaning….
149. Samuel Alito
• Associate Justice.
• Appointed By George W.
Bush in 2006.
• Graduate of Yale Law
School.
• Born in 1950.
• Right leaning….
150. Sonia Sotomayor
• Associate Justice.
• Appointed by Barack
Obama in 2009.
• Graduate of Yale Law
School.
• Born in 1954.
• Left leaning….
151. Elena Kagan
• Associate Justice.
• Appointed by Barack
Obama in 2010.
• Graduate of Harvard Law
School.
• Born in 1960
• Left leaning….
152. John Paul Stevens
• Retired Justice.
• Appointed by Gerald
Ford in 1975.
• Graduate of
Northwestern
University Law School.
• Born in 1920.
153. David Souter
• Retired Justice
• Appointed by George
H.W. Bush in 1990.
• Graduate of Harvard and
Harvard Law
• Born in 1939.
154. Sandra Day O’Conner
• Retired Justice
• Appointed by Ronald
Reagan in 1979
• Graduate of Stanford
University Law School.
• Born in 1930.
160. 1.
2.
3.
Congress makes laws.
The President controls laws.
The Supreme Court …changes laws.
… checks that laws match the Constitution
161. The Supreme Court
• Established by Article III of the Constitution.
• Top of the Judicial Branch in the Federal Government.
• Final decisions in solving problems about the US Constitution.
163. Important Powers of the Supreme Court
• Precedent: Supreme Court Justices vote on problems. The
majority vote = the final decision. That decision becomes a
precedent. Precedents guide future court decisions.
• Judicial Review: Supreme Court Justices have power to study
laws and other court decisions and say they are ‘unconstitutional.’
The Court has power to cancel laws and decisions that do not
match the Constitution.
164. Important Powers of the Supreme Court
• Precedent: Supreme Court Justices vote on problems. The
majority vote = the final decision. That decision becomes a
precedent. Precedents guide future court decisions.
• Judicial Review: Supreme Court Justices have power to study
laws and other court decisions and say they are ‘unconstitutional.’
The Court has power to cancel laws and decisions that do not
match the Constitution.
165. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*The nine Supreme Court Judges are called “Justices.” (1st
Court = 4)
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*One Judge = Chief Justice. Chief Justice John Roberts
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
5. What does the Supreme Court do?
*Our Gov’t: (1)Legislative Branch makes laws & (2)Executive Branch controls laws.
*(3)Judicial Branch: Changes bad laws; ensures laws match the Constitution.
*Judicial Review: Using the Constitution to support laws; ”interpreting’ the Const.
*Precedent: Majority of court votes on final decision. Used for future problems.
6. Examples of Precedent and Judicial Review:
*Plessy v. Ferguson
*Brown v. Board of Education
166. Thurgood Marshall
• First African American Justice
• Appointed by Lyndon Johnson
in 1967.
• Graduate of Howard University
Law School.
• 1908 - 1993
173. Plessy v. Ferguson
Our Constitution is color-blind, and
neither knows nor tolerates classes
among citizens.”
Our Constitution is color-blind, and
neither knows nor tolerates classes
among citizens.”
Justice John Marshall Harlan
1896
176. Thurgood Marshall
• First African American Justice
• Appointed by Lyndon Johnson
in 1967.
• Graduate of Howard University
Law School.
• 1908 - 1993
186. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary:
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*The nine Supreme Court Judges are called “Justices.” (1st
Court = 4)
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*One Judge = Chief Justice. Chief Justice John Roberts
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
5. What does the Supreme Court do?
*Our Gov’t: (1)Legislative Branch makes laws & (2)Executive Branch controls laws.
*(3)Judicial Branch: Changes bad laws; ensures laws match the Constitution.
*Judicial Review: Using the Constitution to support laws; ”interpreting’ the Const.
*Precedent: Majority of court votes on final decision. Used for future problems.
6. Examples of Precedent and Judicial Review:
*Plessy v. Ferguson
*Brown v. Board of Education
*Justice Thurgood Marshall: became 1st
Af Am Supreme Court Justice
187. Topic: Courts and the Judicial Branch
Questions/Main Ideas: Notes:
Summary: The Constitution set up the Federal Court system. 9 Supreme Court Justices change bad laws.
1. The United States Court System
Local Courts: *Criminal Court *Civil Court *Family Court and State Courts
2. In the courtroom
*Judge
*Jurors
*Defendant
*Witnesses
*Attorneys: Prosecution & Defense (or Plaintiff & Defense or Petitioner & Respondent)
*Clerk, Bailiff, Visitors’ Gallery
3.Levels of Courts: Local, State, District (Federal Trial) and Appellate Courts
4.The Supreme Court
*Established by Article III of the Constitution. The Judicial Branch. Highest Court.
*”Equal Justice Under Law”
*The nine Supreme Court Judges are called “Justices.” (1st
Court = 4)
*Nine judges appointed for life by President. Congress must approve.
*Life long appointments = Justices are independent.
*One Judge = Chief Justice. Chief Justice John Roberts
*Decisions are long-reaching. President’s influence is long-reaching.
5. What does the Supreme Court do?
*Our Gov’t: (1)Legislative Branch makes laws & (2)Executive Branch controls laws.
*(3)Judicial Branch: Changes bad laws; ensures laws match the Constitution.
*Judicial Review: Using the Constitution to support laws; ”interpreting’ the Const.
*Precedent: Majority of court votes on final decision. Used for future problems.
6. Examples of Precedent and Judicial Review:
*Plessy v. Ferguson
*Brown v. Board of Education
*Justice Thurgood Marshall: became 1st
Af Am Supreme Court Justice
*Who was the first African
American Supreme Court
Justice?
*Who has roles in the
courtroom?
*What are three levels of the
court system?
*What does it say on the
Supreme Court building?
*What does the Supreme
Court do?
*What established the
Supreme Court?
*Where did Homer Plessy
live?
*When do Justices stop
working for the court?
*How does the Supreme
Court work?
*How many judges are
appointed to the Supreme
Court?
*How did lawyers stop legal
segregation?