The Semantic Web #9 - Web Ontology Language (OWL)Myungjin Lee
This is a lecture note #9 for my class of Graduate School of Yonsei University, Korea.
It describes Web Ontology Language (OWL) for authoring ontologies.
The Semantic Web #9 - Web Ontology Language (OWL)Myungjin Lee
This is a lecture note #9 for my class of Graduate School of Yonsei University, Korea.
It describes Web Ontology Language (OWL) for authoring ontologies.
Talk about Exploring the Semantic Web, and particularly Linked Data, and the Rhizomer approach. Presented August 14th 2012 at the SRI AIC Seminar Series, Menlo Park, CA
RDF is a general method to decompose knowledge into small pieces, with some rules about the semantics or meaning of those pieces. The point is to have a method so simple that it can express any fact, and yet so structured that computer applications can do useful things with knowledge expressed in RDF.
Talk about Exploring the Semantic Web, and particularly Linked Data, and the Rhizomer approach. Presented August 14th 2012 at the SRI AIC Seminar Series, Menlo Park, CA
RDF is a general method to decompose knowledge into small pieces, with some rules about the semantics or meaning of those pieces. The point is to have a method so simple that it can express any fact, and yet so structured that computer applications can do useful things with knowledge expressed in RDF.
Social Media & Reputation Management: The Why and The HowDaniel Riveong
Presented at Social Media Marketing Summit in San Francisco, this presentation present approach to actual reporting on understand a Social Media Reputation Management campaign.
A presentation on Application Architecture for Semantic Web Applications based on chapter 4 of the book Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist by Dean Allemang and Jim Hendler. It focusses on RDF parsing and serialising and RDF stores.
Google's recent announcement that it will support the use of microformats in their search opens up new possibilities for librarians and library technologists to support the goals of the semantic web; namely to provide better access, reuse and recombinations of library resources and services on the open web. This lightning talk introduces the semantic web and semantic markup technologies.
This presentation is an introduction to RDFa, as the fourth assignment of the IST 681 in iSchool, Syracuse University. The presentation is made by Kai Li, who is a library student in Syracuse University..
One day workshop Linked Data and Semantic WebVictor de Boer
As taught at UNIMAS July 2019. based on a three day summer school by Knud Hinnerk Moeller and Victor de Boer. Includes hands on excercises using SWI-Prolog ClioPatria
A review of the state of the art in Machine Learning on the Semantic WebSimon Price
Paper presentation at UK Computation Intelligence workshop 2003, Bristol. This paper reviews the current state of the art of machine learning applied to the Semantic Web. It looks at the Semantic Web and its languages, including RDF and OWL, from a machine learning perspective. Trends in the Semantic Web are mentioned throughout and the relationship with Web Services is examined. Applications are discussed with recent examples and pointers to data sets. Finally, the emerging field of Semantic Web Mining is introduced.
JSP 프로그래밍 #02 서블릿과 JSP 시작하기
2.1 톰캣 애플리케이션 만들기 (온라인 강의: https://youtu.be/04LIGWKCFjY)
2.2 간단한 서블릿 만들기 (온라인 강의: https://youtu.be/4ajw5EsxYE8)
2.3 간단한 JSP 만들기 (온라인 강의: https://youtu.be/6h-qH8pGdT8)
2.4 간단한 자바빈즈 만들기 (온라인 강의: https://youtu.be/TlgXkAWi1sc)
JSP 프로그래밍 #01 웹 프로그래밍
1.1 웹 (온라인 강의: https://youtu.be/qDZXXHhMr4A)
1.2 서블릿 (온라인 강의: https://youtu.be/a8hHeUhbz2k)
1.3 JSP(Java Server Page) (온라인 강의: https://youtu.be/Q4ezLP6KLwM)
1.4 프로그래밍을 위한 환경 설정 (온라인 강의: https://youtu.be/k2eR6gLULA8)
2018년 7월 5일에 있었던 한국인터넷거버넌스포럼(KrIGF)에서 발표한 "오픈 데이터와 인공지능" 발표자료입니다.
다음과 같은 내용을 담고 있습니다.
* 오픈데이터의 정의
* 오픈데이터의 중요성
* 인공지능
* 인공지능에서 데이터의 중요성
* 제한된 데이터 환경에서의 문제점
* 인공지능을 위한 오픈데이터의 중요성
* 더 나은 인공지능 시대를 위한 제언
2017년 4월에 진행된 도서관최신동향 과정에 있었던 발표자료입니다.
서지 분야에서의 Linked Data의 개념과 활용에 대한 내용을 담고 있습니다.
구체적으로는 아래와 같은 내용을 포함합니다.
- Linked Data란 무엇인가?
- 왜 도서관에서 Linked Data를 이야기하는가?
- Linked Data를 누가 쓰고 있나?
1. Linked Data &
Semantic Web
Technology
The Semantic Web
Part 4. Resource Description Framework (1)
Dr. Myungjin Lee
2. Problem of XML
• Park Ji Sung has the phone number (+82)-10-3099-9183.
<person>
<name>Park Ji Sung</name>
<tel>(+82)-10-3099-9183</tel>
</person>
<person name=“Park Ji Sung”>
<tel>(+82)-10-3099-9183</tel>
</person>
<person name=“Park Ji Sung” tel=“(+82)-10-3099-9183” />
We need a method to represent data on abstract level.
2
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
3. Problem of XML
• Park Ji Sung has the phone number (+82)-10-3099-9183.
<person>
<name>Park Ji Sung</name>
<tel>(+82)-10-3099-9183</tel>
</person>
<Human>
<Name>Park Ji Sung</Name>
<CellPhoneNumber>(+82)-10-3099-9183</CellPhoneNumber>
</Human>
<Friend>
<Name>Park Ji Sung</Name>
<Phone>(+82)-10-3099-9183</Phone>
</Friend>
We need a method to represent semantics of data.
3
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
4. Basic Concept of Knowledge Representation
• http://www.example.org/index.html has a creator whose value
is John Smith
http://www.example.org/index.html
creator
John Smith
– the thing the statement describes (the Web page, in this case)
– a specific property (creator, in this case) of the thing the statement
describes
– the thing the statement says is the value of this property (who the creator
is), for the thing the statement describes
• intuitive knowledge representation with directed graph
4
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
5. RDF (Resource Description Framework)
• to be used as a general method for conceptual description or
modeling of information that is implemented in web resources,
using a variety of syntax notations and data serialization formats
• based on the idea that the things being described have
properties which have values, and that resources can be
described by making statements
5
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
6. Terminology for the Various Parts of Statements
• http://www.example.org/index.html has a creator whose value
is John Smith
http://www.example.org/index.html
creator
John Smith
– the subject is the URL http://www.example.org/index.html
– the predicate is the word "creator"
– the object is the phrase "John Smith"
6
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
7. Two Things for Processing by Machines
• a system of machine-processable identifiers for identifying a
subject, predicate, or object in a statement without any
possibility of confusion with a similar-looking identifier that
might be used by someone else on the Web.
Use URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)
• a machine-processable language for representing these
statements and exchanging them between machines.
Use XML syntax
7
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
8. Use URIs
• RDF uses URIs as the basis of its mechanism for identifying the
subjects, predicates, and objects in statements.
• URI references (URIref)
– a URI, together with an optional fragment identifier at the end
– http://www.example.org/index.html#section2
8
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
9. Use the XML Syntax
• To represent RDF statements in a machine-processable way,
RDF uses the Extensible Markup Language.
• RDF/XML
– for use in representing RDF information, and for exchanging it between
machines
– <contact:fullName> and <contact:personalTitle> to
delimit the text content Eric Miller and Dr.
9
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
10. Statements
• English Statement
– http://www.exaple.org/index.html has a creator whose value is John
Smith
• RDF Statement
– a subject http://www.example.org/index.html
– a predicate http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator
– and an object http://www.example.org/staffid/85740
• RDF Graph Model
– a node for the subject
– a node for the object
– an arc for the predicate, directed from the subject node to the object node
10
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
11. Groups of Statements
• http://www.example.org/index.html has a creation-date whose
value is August 16, 1999
• http://www.example.org/index.html has a language whose
value is English
11
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
12. Triple
• an alternative way of writing down the statements
• written as a simple triple of subject, predicate, and object, in that
order
<http://www.example.org/index.html> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator> <http://www.example.org/staffid/85740> .
<http://www.example.org/index.html> <http://www.example.org/terms/creation-date> "August 16, 1999" .
<http://www.example.org/index.html> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language> "en" .
12
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
13. Shorthand Way of Writing Triples
• QName (XML Qualified Name)
– a valid identifier for elements and attributes
– a prefix that has been assigned to a namespace URI, followed by a colon, and then a
local name
• For Example,
– prefix dc:, namespace URI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
– prefix ex:, namespace URI: http://www.example.org/
– prefix exterms:, namespace URI: http://www.example.org/terms/
– prefix exstaff:, namespace URI: http://www.example.org/staffid/
ex:index.html dc:creator exstaff:85740 .
ex:index.html exterms:creation-date "August 16, 1999" .
ex:index.html dc:language "en" .
13
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
14. Structure of Statements
http://semantics.kr/rel/hasWife
http://semantics.kr/myungjinlee http://semantics.kr/hye-jinhan
Subject Predicate Object
URI reference URI reference URI reference or Literal
Statement
14
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
15. URIref and Literal
• URIref
– to identify the things
– shown as ellipses
– not only the subject of the original statement, but also the predicate and
object
• Literal
– constant values represented by character strings
– shown as boxes
– Literals may not be used as subjects or predicates in RDF statements.
15
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
16. Literal
• Plain Literal
– a string combined with an optional language tag
• Types Literal
– a string combined with a datatype URI
– based on XML Schema datatypes
16
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
17. XML Schema Datatypes
• Namespace of XML Schema
– http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema
• Datatypes
Simple Type Examples
string Confirm this is electric
integer ...-1, 0, 1, ...
long -9223372036854775808, ... -1, 0, 1, ... 9223372036854775807
float -INF, -1E4, -0, 0, 12.78E-2, 12, INF, NaN
date 1999-05-31
time 13:20:00.000, 13:20:00.000-05:00
boolean true, false, 1, 0
17
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
18. Blank Nodes
• a way to represent multi-valued relationships
• Why we need blank nodes?
– structured information consisting of separate values
exstaff:85740 exterms:address "1501 Grant Avenue, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730" .
exstaff:85740 exterms:address exaddressid:85740 .
exaddressid:85740 exterms:street "1501 Grant Avenue" .
exaddressid:85740 exterms:city "Bedford" .
exaddressid:85740 exterms:state "Massachusetts" .
exaddressid:85740 exterms:postalCode "01730" .
the node itself provides the necessary connectivity
between the various other parts of the graph
18
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
19. Blank Nodes
blank node identifiers, having the form _:name,
to indicate the presence of blank nodes
exstaff:85740 exterms:address _:johnaddress .
_:johnaddress exterms:street "1501 Grant Avenue" .
_:johnaddress exterms:city "Bedford" .
_:johnaddress exterms:state "Massachusetts" .
_:johnaddress exterms:postalCode "01730" .
19
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
20. Example of Blank Nodes
• An actor appears two movies as different roles.
movie:appear
movie:TomCruise movie:JackReacher
movie:appear movie:TopGun
movie:role
movie:role
movie:JackReacher movie:LTPeteMitchell
movie:appear movie:JackReacher
movie:hasMovie
movie:TomCruise
movie:role movie:JackReacher
movie:hasMovie
movie:appear movie:role
movie:TopGun movie:LTPeteMitchell
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
21. RDF/XML
• RDF/XML
– an XML syntax for writing down and exchanging RDF graphs
– the normative syntax for writing RDF
English Statement
http://www.example.org/index.html has a creation-date whose value is August 16, 1999
RDF Graph Triple
ex:index.html exterms:creation-date "August 16, 1999" .
RDF/XML
1. <?xml version="1.0"?>
2. <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
3. xmlns:exterms="http://www.example.org/terms/">
4. <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.example.org/index.html">
5. <exterms:creation-date>August 16, 1999</exterms:creation-date>
6. </rdf:Description>
7. </rdf:RDF>
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
22. RDF/XML Document
Root Element of RDF/XML Document XML Declaration
Namespace for RDF Vocabularies
1. <?xml version="1.0"?>
2. <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
3. xmlns:exterms="http://www.example.org/terms/">
Element for Description of a Resource Attribute to specify the URIref of the Subject
Another XML Namespace Declaration
4. <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.example.org/index.html">
5. <exterms:creation-date>August 16, 1999</exterms:creation-date>
6. </rdf:Description> Subject of Statement
Property of Statement Plain Literal Value of Statement
7. </rdf:RDF> RDF Statement
22
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
27. RDF/XML Using a Typed Literal
ex:index.html exterms:creation-date "1999-08-16"^^xsd:date .
Attribute to specify the datatype
1. <?xml version="1.0"?>
2. <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
3. xmlns:exterms="http://www.example.org/terms/">
4. <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.example.org/index.html">
5. <exterms:creation-date rdf:datatype=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">1999-08-16
</exterms:creation-date>
6. </rdf:Description>
7. </rdf:RDF>
27
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
28. Defining Base URI
• XML Base
– facility for defining base URIs for parts of XML documents
– to specify a base URI other than the base URI of the document or external
entity
1. <?xml version="1.0"?>
2. <!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [<!ENTITY xsd "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#">]>
3. <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
4. xmlns:exterms="http://www.example.com/terms/"
5. xml:base="http://www.example.com/2002/04/products">
6. <rdf:Description rdf:about="#item10245">
7. <exterms:model rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">Overnighter</exterms:model>
8. <exterms:sleeps rdf:datatype="&xsd;integer">2</exterms:sleeps>
9. </rdf:Description>
10. </rdf:RDF>
exterms:model
“Overnighter”^^&xsd;string
http://www.example.com/2002/04/products#item10245
exterms:sleeps 2^^&xsd;integer
28
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
29. rdf:ID Attribute
• rdf:ID Attribute
– to specify a fragment identifier, given by the value of the rdf:ID
attribute
– interpreted relative to a base URI appending the character "#"
1. <?xml version="1.0"?>
2. <!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [<!ENTITY xsd "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#">]>
3. <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
4. xmlns:exterms="http://www.example.com/terms/"
5. xml:base="http://www.example.com/2002/04/products">
6. <rdf:Description rdf:ID="item10245">
7. <exterms:model rdf:datatype="&xsd;string">Overnighter</exterms:model>
8. <exterms:sleeps rdf:datatype="&xsd;integer">2</exterms:sleeps>
9. </rdf:Description>
10. </rdf:RDF>
exterms:model
“Overnighter”^^&xsd;string
http://www.example.com/2002/04/products#item10245
exterms:sleeps 2^^&xsd;integer
29
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
30. rdf:ID and rdf:about
• The two forms are essentially synonyms: the full URIref formed
by RDF/XML is the same in either case.
• Using rdf:ID provides an additional check when assigning a
set of distinct names.
– A given value of the rdf:ID attribute can only appear once relative to
the same base URI.
30
Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology