The document introduces the Semantic Web and its advantages for both site owners and users, emphasizing improved search capabilities and data sharing. It discusses the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and its application within the Drupal community, including various modules that enhance semantic functionality. The document also highlights the importance of standardized vocabularies and provides examples of RDF usage in web content.

1. The Semantic Web and Drupal Bill Shaouy [email_address] An Introduction

2. The Static Web

3. The Interactive Web

4. The Semantic Web

5. What Is the Semantic Web? a technology that allows computers to perform browsing, searching, and authoring for us

6. Definition of “Semantic”

7. What’s In It for Site Owners Improved, more refined search results

8. What’s In It for Users Deeper, more specific search Steve Smith Steve Smith

9. What’s In It for Users Mapping events to calendars and address books

10. What’s In It for Users Highlight items with your browser, e.g. songs

11. What’s In It for Users A Social Network Between Sites

12. What’s In It for Users Automatically merge from different sites

13. “ The Web can reach its full potential only if it becomes a place where data can be shared and processed by automated tools as well as by people.” Tim Berners-Lee Inventor of the World Wide Web

14. A Semantic Web Standard Must… 1. Express information flexibly. 2. Have content items in different places easily to relate to each other. 3. Use vocabularies for making assertions about things, but these vocabularies must be able to be mixed together.

15. RDF vs. Microformats The Drupal community is gravitating toward RDF

16. RDF Stands for “Resource Description Framework” A means for expressing semantic information Sometimes expressed as triples -- subject-predicate-object expressions

17. RDFa RDFa is RDF for the web RDFa is a w3c web standard for embedding RDF in your web content Turns the existing human-visible text and links into machine-readable data without repeating content

18. RDF Vocabulary Used for sites to speak a common language e.g. Dublin Core (dc) for document descriptions e.g. Friend of a Friend (foaf) for person information

19. Use Common Vocabularies This allows existing applications to make use of your information, without needing to be modified by developers to recognize your own URIs.

20. RDF Vocabulary Example Here’s a snippet from the Friend of a Friend (foaf) vocabulary: <rdf:Property rdf:about=&quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ firstName &quot; vs:term_status=&quot;testing&quot; rdfs:label=&quot;firstName&quot; rdfs:comment=&quot;The first name of a person.&quot;> <rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty&quot;/> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource=&quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person&quot;/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal&quot;/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource=&quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/&quot;/> </rdf:Property> <rdf:Property rdf:about=&quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ givenname &quot; vs:term_status=&quot;testing&quot; rdfs:label=&quot;Given name&quot; rdfs:comment=&quot;The given name of some person.&quot;> <rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty&quot;/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource=&quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/&quot;/> </rdf:Property> <rdf:Property rdf:about=&quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ surname &quot; vs:term_status=&quot;testing&quot; rdfs:label=&quot;Surname&quot; rdfs:comment=&quot;The surname of some person.&quot;> <rdf:type rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty&quot;/> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource=&quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person&quot;/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal&quot;/> <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource=&quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/&quot;/> </rdf:Property>

21. RDF Vocabulary Example … but you don’t need to know the vocabulary innards. Just use markup shorthand, e.g.: foaf:firstName

22. List of Popular Vocabularies dc : http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ foaf : http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ dcterms : http://purl.org/dc/terms/ dcmitype : http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/ sioc : http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# skos : http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos# doap : http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#

23. XHTML Markup Example <div> <h2>Much Ado About Nothing</h2> <h3>William Shakespeare</h3> ... </div>

24. XHTML Markup Example <div xmlns:dc=&quot;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&quot; > <h2 property=&quot;dc:title&quot; >Much Ado About Nothing</h2> <h3 property=&quot;dc:creator&quot; >William Shakespeare</h3> ... </div>

25. XHTML Markup Example <div> <p> John Doe </p> <p> Email: <a href=&quot;mailto:j@ex.com&quot;>j@ex.com</a> </p> <p> Phone: <a href=&quot;tel:+888-555-1111&quot;>888-555-1111</a> </p> </div>

26. XHTML Markup Example <div typeof=&quot;foaf:Person&quot; xmlns:foaf=&quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/&quot; > <p property=&quot;foaf:name&quot; > John Doe </p> <p> Email: <a rel=&quot;foaf:mbox&quot; href=&quot;mailto:j@ex.com&quot;>j@ex.com</a> </p> <p> Phone: <a rel=&quot;foaf:phone&quot; href=&quot;tel:+888-555-1111&quot;>888-555-1111</a> </p> </div>

27. XHTML Markup Example <div> <ul> <li> <a href=&quot;http://example.com/dan&quot;>Dan</a> </li> <li> <a href=&quot;http://example.com/meg&quot;>Meg</a> </li> <li> <a href=&quot;http://example.com/ray&quot;>Ray</a> </li> </ul> </div>

28. XHTML Markup Example <div xmlns:foaf=&quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/&quot; about=&quot;#me&quot; rel=&quot;foaf:knows&quot; > <ul> <li typeof=&quot;foaf:Person&quot; > <a property=&quot;foaf:name&quot; rel=&quot;foaf:homepage&quot; href=&quot;http://example.com/dan&quot;>Dan</a> </li> <li typeof=&quot;foaf:Person&quot; > <a property=&quot;foaf:name&quot; rel=&quot;foaf:homepage&quot; href=&quot;http://example.com/meg&quot;>Meg</a> </li> <li typeof=&quot;foaf:Person&quot; > <a property=&quot;foaf:name&quot; rel=&quot;foaf:homepage&quot; href=&quot;http://example.com/ray&quot;>Ray</a> </li> </ul> </div>

29. Triples in RDF Facts can be expressed as a subject-predicate-object triple

30. RDF N3 Notation Example: @prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> . <urn:isbn:B00005U7WO> dc:title &quot;The Future of Ideas&quot; vocabulary subject object predicate

31. RDF N3 Notation @prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> . @prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/geo/wgs84_pos#> . @prefix edu: <http://www.example.org/> . <http://www.princeton.edu> geo:lat &quot;40.35&quot; ; geo:long &quot;-74.66&quot; . <http://www.cs.princeton.edu> dc:title &quot;Department of Computer Science&quot; . <http://www.princeton.edu> edu:hasDept <http://www.cs.princeton.edu> . Another example:

32. So We Know How to Produce Semantic Content. How Do We Consume It?

33. SPARQL A query language for RDF modeled roughly after SQL. @prefix bill: <http://bill.s.info/index.html#> @prefix ex: <http://example.org/> bill:my_office ex:contains bill:my_computer . bill:my_office ex:contains bill:my_phone . For example, assume the following:

34. SPARQL A SPARQL query then might look like this: @prefix bill: <http://bill.s.info/index.html#> @prefix ex: <http://example.org/> SELECT ?what WHERE { bill:my_office ex:contains ?what . }

35. SPARQL And the search results would be the following: ?what ----------------- bill:my_computer bill:my_phone

36. When is the Semantic Web Usable? Now! But…

37. The Two-To-Tango Problem Semantic content consumers need semantic content producers!

38. Enter Drupal

39. Module: RDF Enables the use of RDF metadata.

40. Module: RDF CCK Allows you to map RDF to CCK fields

41. RDF External Vocabulary Importer Allows you to import external RDF vocabularies into your site

42. Module: Open Calais Integrates the Thomson Reuters' Calais web service into Drupal. Automatically creates rich semantic metadata for Drupal content. Uses natural language processing, machine learning and other methods.

43. Open Calais Information http://www.lullabot.com/articles/introduction-calais http://dc2009.drupalcon.org/session/using-intelligent-web-services-semantic-drupal-sites

44. Other Semantic Web Modules Feed API RDF Processor Calais Marmoset Neologism

45. RDF in Drupal 7 For D7, community is trying on getting RDF functionality into core sciencecollaboration.org contributing to the effort, among others

46. RDF in Drupal 7 Goals for RDF in D7: API for mapping triples to vocabularies RDF markup for core content types Provide a hook to allow overrides

47. Drupal group – groups.drupal.org/semantic-web The Linked Data Organization – linkeddata.org DBPedia – dbpedia.org Schemaweb – http://www.schemaweb.info/ Resources

48. RDF Resource Guide – http://planetrdf.com/guide/ Semantic Web Tools – http://esw.w3.org/topic/SemanticWebTools Drupalcon Paris: The State of RDF in Drupal – http://www.archive.org/details/ThestateofRDFinDrupal7 Resources

49. “ (This) is too great an opportunity for us to pass up on. By adding semantic technology to Drupal core, I think we can make a notable contribution to the future of the web.” Thank You! -- Dries Buytaert