SlideShare a Scribd company logo
CHM096THE SCIENCE OF LIVING
SYSTEMLABORATORY ASSIGNMENT
CENTRE OF FOUNDATION STUDIES, UiTM
DENGKIL
MUHAMMAD FARITH HAIKAL BIN ZAHARUDIN 2018277964
MUHAMMAD HARITH HILMI BIN ZEN AZHAR 2018671936
MUHAMMAD ISKANDAR ZULQARNAIN BIN MOHD ISHAK 2019294362
MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIM BIN CHE LAH 2018684538
MUHAMMAD NAZREEN SHAH BIN HABEEB RAHMAN 2018681214
Problem Statement
We want every creatures on this
Earth, Earthlings to be beware of the
effect on greenhouse gaseous on their
health. In addition, we must
acknowledge the effect of greenhouse
gaseous on living things.
Today, we had too many
implications regarding greenhouse
gaseous effects that resulting too many
rollback failures. If we ignore this
problem, it may lead to dramatic
increment of cascading problems. This
include climate change, Antartic rapid
ice melt and solar radiation.
Therefore, we will use a few
methodology such as using renewable
energy and practicing eco-friendly
lifestyle.
HOW DOES A GREENHOUSE WORK?
SCIENCE CONCEPT #1
A greenhouse is so named because it's a structure
intended for growing plants, and most plants are green,
at least in part. Obviously, you can have plants inside
your home as well, but greenhouses are built to
maximize the "comfort" of plants.
What makes a greenhouse special are primarily, it is the
amount of light, the controlled temperature, and the
easily manipulated amount of moisture plants receive.
Greenhouses have glass ceilings, which serve to both
admit a high amount of light and trap heat inside the
structure. When the sun goes down, the heat doesn't
dissipate as quickly as it does outdoors, allowing for
plants that don't tolerate cool nights well to flourish.
From a physics standpoint, what warms a greenhouse is
the same thing that warms the interior of a car on a
sunny day. rShoter-wavelength infrared light enters the
structure through the glass, and after these invisible but
warm rays bounce around, they become longer-
wavelength electromagnetic energy and tend to stay
inside, getting absorbed by their surroundings.
What are Greenhouse?
WHAT ARE GREENHOUSE GASEOUS?
The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor and nitrous
oxide.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2): Carbon dioxide molecules make up only a tiny fraction of
the atmosphere, but they nevertheless exert a very strong effect on climate.
• Methane (CH4): Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, with a capacity to absorb
considerably more heat, molecule for molecule, than carbon dioxide can.
• Nitrous oxide (N20) is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well
as during combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste.
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT OVER TIME
• With more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, creating something like an invisible ceiling
(not unlike a real greenhouse),
• Heat passing upward is more likely to be stopped than to pass out of the atmosphere
altogether, because the additional greenhouse gases absorb, and then radiate, this heat as
infrared radiation.
• Some of the heat will head away from the Earth, but some of it will be absorbed by nearby
greenhouse-gas molecules, and some will return to the Earth’s surface again.
• Thus, through a variety of mechanisms, as greenhouse gases accumulate, the planet
continues to warm. Glaciers recede, ice at both of Earth's poles melts, the oceans warm and
become more acidic, snow cover worldwide is diminished and catastrophic weather events
such as hurricanes become more commonplace.
THE THINNING OZONE
SCIENCE CONCEPT #2
WHAT IS OZONE?
• Ozone is created in the atmosphere when the sun's rays split oxygen molecules
into single atoms. These atoms combine with nearby oxygen to form a three-
oxygen molecule, called ozone.
• Ozone is a colourless or pale blue gas (blue when liquefied), slightly soluble in
water and much more soluble in inert non-polar solvents such as carbon
tetrachloride or fluorocarbons, in which it forms a blue solution. At 161 K (−112 °C;
−170 °F), it condenses to form a dark blue liquid. It is dangerous to allow this liquid
to warm to its boiling point, because both concentrated gaseous ozone and liquid
ozone can detonate. At temperatures below 80 K (−193.2 °C; −315.7 °F), it forms a
violet-black solid.
z
Ozone Depletion
 Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of Earth’s ozone layer in the
upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds
containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other
human activities.
 The thinning is most pronounced in the polar regions, especially
over Antarctica. Ozone depletion is a major environmental
problem because it increases the amount of ultraviolet (UV)
radiation that reaches Earth’s surface, which increases the rate of
skin cancer, eye cataracts, and genetic and immune system
damage.
 Ozone depletion occurs when the natural balance between the
production and destruction of stratospheric ozone is tipped in
favour of destruction. Although natural phenomena can cause
temporary ozone loss, chlorine and bromine released from man-
made compounds such as Choloroflourocarbon are now accepted
as the main cause of this depletion.
Ozone Structure
• Chlorofluorocarbons are not "washed" back to Earth by rain or destroyed in reactions with other
chemicals. They simply do not break down in the lower atmosphere and they can remain in the
atmosphere from 20 to 120 years or more.
• As a consequence of their relative stability, CFCs are instead transported into the stratosphere where
they are eventually broken down by ultraviolet (UV) rays from the Sun, releasing free chlorine. The
chlorine becomes actively involved in the process of destruction of ozone. The net result is that two
molecules of ozone are replaced by three of molecular oxygen, leaving the chlorine free to repeat the
process:
O3 ---(after absorbing ultra violet rays)-----> O2 + O
CFCl3 ---(ultraviolet ray)---> CFClO2 + Cl
Cl +O3---ClO+O2
ClO+O3------------> Cl+2O2
• From the above reaction we can see how the atomic halogines(Chlorine, Bromine ) have multi-cycles
to prevent regeneration of O3 from O2 ang O atoms .
• Ozone is converted to oxygen, leaving the chlorine atom free to repeat the process up to 100,000
times, resulting in a reduced level of ozone. Bromine compounds, or halons, can also destroy
stratospheric ozone. Compounds containing chlorine and bromine from man-made compounds are
known as industrial halocarbons.
 Simple device used in exhaust system of most
modern day automobile and vehicle to reduce
emissions from an internal combustion of engine.
 When Oxygen is not enough, carbon fuel will
produce by-product (hazardous).
 This converter will provide a site for
oxidation(adding oxygen) and reduction(remove
oxygen) of toxic by-products (NO, CO,
Hydrocarbon) to less hazardous substance (H2O,
CO2).
CATALYTIC CONVERTER
SOLUTIONS #1
How It Works
It uses basic redox reactions to reduce
pollutants a car makes
Converts 98% of harmful fumes produced
into less harmful gasses.
Composed of metal housing with
ceramic honeycomb-like interior and
insulating layers
Honeycomb-like has thin walls
channels coated with a washcoat of
Aluminium Oxide(porous). Increasing
surface area, thus more reactions
Precious metals like Platinum,
Rhodium, Palladium(promote transfer
of ē)
 Three way Catalytic converter has
3 simultaneous functions:
1. Reduction of NO into elemental N and O
NOX NX + OX
2. Oxidation of CO to CO2
CO + O2 CO2
3. Oxidation of Hydrocarbons into CO2 AND H20
CXH4X + 2XO2 XCO2 + 2XH2O
 Two types of systems: “lean”(O2 more) & “rich”(fuel more)
 Never achieve 100% efficiency because of constant imbalance
of reactions.
BASIC CATALYTIC CONVERTER
 Require the use of unleaded fuel,
so the catalyst will work because
lead in conventional ful “poisons”
the catalyst and prevent it from
taking up pollutants in exhaust
gasses.
• BIOFERTILIZERS ARE THE SUBSTANCES WHICH MAKE USE OF MICROORGANISMS TO FERTILE THE
SOIL. THESE FERTILIZERS ARE NOT HARMFUL TO CROPS OR OTHER PLANTS LIKE THE CHEMICAL
FERTILIZERS. THEY ARE ACTUALLY TAKEN FROM THE ANIMAL WASTES ALONG WITH MICROBIAL
MIXTURES. MICROORGANISMS ARE USED TO INCREASE THE LEVEL OF NUTRIENTS IN THE
PLANTS. THEY LET THE PLANTS GROW IN HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT. THEY ARE ALSO
ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND DO NOT CAUSE THE POLLUTION OF ANY SORT. ISE OF FERTILIZERS
IN SOIL, MAKES THE PLANT HEALTHY AS ELL AS PROTECT THEM FROM GETTING ANY DISEASES.
BIOFERTILIZERS
SOLUTIONS #2
TYPES OF BIOFERTILIZERS
Nitrogen Biofertilizers
This type of biofertilizers helps the
agricultures to determine the
nitrogen level in the soil. Nitrogen is
necessary component which is used
for the growth of the plant. Plants
need a limited amount nitrogen for
their growth. The types of the crops
also determines that which type of
biofertilizers is needed for this crop.
Foe example, azotobacterial is used
for the non legume crops; Rhizobium
is needed for the legume crops.
Phosphorus Biofertilizers
Phosphorus fertilizers are used to
determine the phosphorus level in
the soil. The need of phosphorus for
the plant growth is also limited.
Phosphorus biofertilizers make the
soil get the required amount of
phosphorus. It is not necessary that a
particular phosphorus biofertilizers is
used for a particular type of crop.
They can be used for any types of
crops.
Compost Biofertilizers
Compost biofertilizers are those
which make use of the animal dung to
enrich the soil with useful
microorganisms and nutrients. To
convert the animals waste inti
biofertilizers, the microorganisms like
bacteria undergo biological processes
and help in breaking down the waste.
Cellulytic fungal culture and
azetobacter cultures can be used for
the compost biofertilizers.
Advantages of Biofertilizers
• They help to get high yield of crops by making the soil rich with nutrients and useful
microorganisms necessary for the grown of plants.
• Biofertilizers have replaced the chemical fertilizers as chemical fertilizers are not beneficial
for the plants. They decrease the growth of the plants and make the environment polluted
by releasing harmful chemicals.
• Plant growth can be increased if biofertilizers are used, because they contain natural
components which do not harm the plants.
• If the soil are free with chemicals, it will retain its fertility which is beneficial for the plants
as well as environments
• They are environment friendly and protect environments against pollutants
Disadvantages of Biofertilizers
• Biofertilizers require special care for long-term storage because they are alive. They
must be used before their expiration date.
• If other microorganisms contaminate the carrier medium or if growers use the
wrong strain, they are not as effective.
• Biofertilizers complement other fertilizers, but they cannot totally replace them.
• Biofertilizers lose their effectiveness if the soil is too hot or dry.
• Excessively acidic or alkaline soils also hamper successful growth of the beneficial
microorganisms; moreover, they are less effective if the soil contains an excess of
their natural microbiological enemies.
PHOTOCATALYST
SOLUTIONS #3
SCIENCE CONCEPT –
PHOTOCATALYTIC CELLS
Since that Carbon dioxide, CO2 gas contribute in global warming as well
as greenhouse gaseous, it can be converted into another chemical substances. In
addition to reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, photocatalytic
methods can also produce valuable chemicals that make such approaches an
appealing option to conventional CO2 removal methods.
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION
OF 𝐶𝑂2 WITH 𝐻2 𝑂 ON THE ANCHORED TITANIUM OXIDE
In conclusion, the greenhouse gaseous in air
affecting most of our environmental issues and
harming the living things. Here, we have
overcome methodologies in reducing the effect
of greenhouse gaseous such as using unleaded
fuel and applying photocatalytic cell.

More Related Content

What's hot

7.5 SEJARAH TINGKATAN 5 KSSM
7.5 SEJARAH TINGKATAN 5 KSSM7.5 SEJARAH TINGKATAN 5 KSSM
7.5 SEJARAH TINGKATAN 5 KSSM
nuraien7
 
Bab 2 persamaan kuadratik
Bab 2 persamaan kuadratikBab 2 persamaan kuadratik
Bab 2 persamaan kuadratik
Khairul 'Izzati Ki
 
chemistry form 4 - Acids n bases (concentration)
chemistry form 4 - Acids n bases (concentration)chemistry form 4 - Acids n bases (concentration)
chemistry form 4 - Acids n bases (concentration)
Maharani Lawak
 
41.pantulan dalam penuh
41.pantulan dalam penuh41.pantulan dalam penuh
41.pantulan dalam penuh
Atiqah Azmi
 
Pemeliharaan kualiti air
Pemeliharaan kualiti air Pemeliharaan kualiti air
Pemeliharaan kualiti air
Nur Syafika
 
skema mrsm k1 2022.pdf
skema mrsm k1 2022.pdfskema mrsm k1 2022.pdf
skema mrsm k1 2022.pdf
Nurul Fadhilah
 
Lembaran Kerja Sains Tahun 5 - 8.1 Suhu dan Haba
Lembaran Kerja Sains Tahun 5 - 8.1 Suhu dan HabaLembaran Kerja Sains Tahun 5 - 8.1 Suhu dan Haba
Lembaran Kerja Sains Tahun 5 - 8.1 Suhu dan Haba
Ahmad Fahmi
 
SPM Paper 2 Esei: FORCE AND PRESSURE
SPM Paper 2 Esei: FORCE AND PRESSURESPM Paper 2 Esei: FORCE AND PRESSURE
SPM Paper 2 Esei: FORCE AND PRESSURE
Suriyati Yusoff
 
Konsep mol
Konsep molKonsep mol
Konsep mol
Cikgu Ummi
 
Spm 2006 paper 2 + skima
Spm 2006 paper 2 + skimaSpm 2006 paper 2 + skima
Spm 2006 paper 2 + skima
Nurul Fadhilah
 
Ikatan ion Tingkatan 4
Ikatan ion Tingkatan 4Ikatan ion Tingkatan 4
Ikatan ion Tingkatan 4
Ainul Omar
 
Alkohol
AlkoholAlkohol
21.kerja,kuasa,tenaga keupayaan,tenaga kinetik,keabadian tenaga
21.kerja,kuasa,tenaga keupayaan,tenaga kinetik,keabadian tenaga21.kerja,kuasa,tenaga keupayaan,tenaga kinetik,keabadian tenaga
21.kerja,kuasa,tenaga keupayaan,tenaga kinetik,keabadian tenaga
MrHan Physics
 
Unit 3 jadual berkala
Unit 3 jadual berkalaUnit 3 jadual berkala
Unit 3 jadual berkala
Muhammad Helmy Rani
 
Senarai Lagu untuk Muzik Gamelan
Senarai Lagu untuk Muzik GamelanSenarai Lagu untuk Muzik Gamelan
Senarai Lagu untuk Muzik Gamelan
Miss Jia
 
Nota kimia t5 no pengoksidaan
Nota kimia t5 no pengoksidaanNota kimia t5 no pengoksidaan
Nota kimia t5 no pengoksidaan
Azlee Johar
 
7.0 elektrik
7.0 elektrik7.0 elektrik
7.0 elektrik
MrHan Physics
 
P1.pdf
P1.pdfP1.pdf
MODUL FIZIK 2 PERCUBAAN TINGKATAN 5 2022 (2).pdf
MODUL FIZIK 2 PERCUBAAN TINGKATAN 5 2022 (2).pdfMODUL FIZIK 2 PERCUBAAN TINGKATAN 5 2022 (2).pdf
MODUL FIZIK 2 PERCUBAAN TINGKATAN 5 2022 (2).pdf
Nurul Fadhilah
 
Pengolahan Air Sisa Menggunakan Elektro-Pengumpalan
Pengolahan Air Sisa Menggunakan Elektro-PengumpalanPengolahan Air Sisa Menggunakan Elektro-Pengumpalan
Pengolahan Air Sisa Menggunakan Elektro-Pengumpalan
Azrul Hensem
 

What's hot (20)

7.5 SEJARAH TINGKATAN 5 KSSM
7.5 SEJARAH TINGKATAN 5 KSSM7.5 SEJARAH TINGKATAN 5 KSSM
7.5 SEJARAH TINGKATAN 5 KSSM
 
Bab 2 persamaan kuadratik
Bab 2 persamaan kuadratikBab 2 persamaan kuadratik
Bab 2 persamaan kuadratik
 
chemistry form 4 - Acids n bases (concentration)
chemistry form 4 - Acids n bases (concentration)chemistry form 4 - Acids n bases (concentration)
chemistry form 4 - Acids n bases (concentration)
 
41.pantulan dalam penuh
41.pantulan dalam penuh41.pantulan dalam penuh
41.pantulan dalam penuh
 
Pemeliharaan kualiti air
Pemeliharaan kualiti air Pemeliharaan kualiti air
Pemeliharaan kualiti air
 
skema mrsm k1 2022.pdf
skema mrsm k1 2022.pdfskema mrsm k1 2022.pdf
skema mrsm k1 2022.pdf
 
Lembaran Kerja Sains Tahun 5 - 8.1 Suhu dan Haba
Lembaran Kerja Sains Tahun 5 - 8.1 Suhu dan HabaLembaran Kerja Sains Tahun 5 - 8.1 Suhu dan Haba
Lembaran Kerja Sains Tahun 5 - 8.1 Suhu dan Haba
 
SPM Paper 2 Esei: FORCE AND PRESSURE
SPM Paper 2 Esei: FORCE AND PRESSURESPM Paper 2 Esei: FORCE AND PRESSURE
SPM Paper 2 Esei: FORCE AND PRESSURE
 
Konsep mol
Konsep molKonsep mol
Konsep mol
 
Spm 2006 paper 2 + skima
Spm 2006 paper 2 + skimaSpm 2006 paper 2 + skima
Spm 2006 paper 2 + skima
 
Ikatan ion Tingkatan 4
Ikatan ion Tingkatan 4Ikatan ion Tingkatan 4
Ikatan ion Tingkatan 4
 
Alkohol
AlkoholAlkohol
Alkohol
 
21.kerja,kuasa,tenaga keupayaan,tenaga kinetik,keabadian tenaga
21.kerja,kuasa,tenaga keupayaan,tenaga kinetik,keabadian tenaga21.kerja,kuasa,tenaga keupayaan,tenaga kinetik,keabadian tenaga
21.kerja,kuasa,tenaga keupayaan,tenaga kinetik,keabadian tenaga
 
Unit 3 jadual berkala
Unit 3 jadual berkalaUnit 3 jadual berkala
Unit 3 jadual berkala
 
Senarai Lagu untuk Muzik Gamelan
Senarai Lagu untuk Muzik GamelanSenarai Lagu untuk Muzik Gamelan
Senarai Lagu untuk Muzik Gamelan
 
Nota kimia t5 no pengoksidaan
Nota kimia t5 no pengoksidaanNota kimia t5 no pengoksidaan
Nota kimia t5 no pengoksidaan
 
7.0 elektrik
7.0 elektrik7.0 elektrik
7.0 elektrik
 
P1.pdf
P1.pdfP1.pdf
P1.pdf
 
MODUL FIZIK 2 PERCUBAAN TINGKATAN 5 2022 (2).pdf
MODUL FIZIK 2 PERCUBAAN TINGKATAN 5 2022 (2).pdfMODUL FIZIK 2 PERCUBAAN TINGKATAN 5 2022 (2).pdf
MODUL FIZIK 2 PERCUBAAN TINGKATAN 5 2022 (2).pdf
 
Pengolahan Air Sisa Menggunakan Elektro-Pengumpalan
Pengolahan Air Sisa Menggunakan Elektro-PengumpalanPengolahan Air Sisa Menggunakan Elektro-Pengumpalan
Pengolahan Air Sisa Menggunakan Elektro-Pengumpalan
 

Similar to The Science of Living System - All About Greenhouse

environmentalchemistry-180129161644 (1).pdf
environmentalchemistry-180129161644 (1).pdfenvironmentalchemistry-180129161644 (1).pdf
environmentalchemistry-180129161644 (1).pdf
TaimoorShahzad12
 
Environmental chemistry
Environmental chemistryEnvironmental chemistry
Environmental chemistry
Sidra Javed
 
Chemace
ChemaceChemace
Chemace
ChemaceChemace
Chemace
ChemaceChemace
EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...
EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...
EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...
AMIR HASSAN
 
Natural disaster1
Natural disaster1Natural disaster1
Natural disaster1
maricalvhi
 
air pollution
air pollutionair pollution
air pollution
Jose Clement
 
Nikhil
NikhilNikhil
Nikhil
student
 
Global environmental issues for ES
Global environmental issues for ESGlobal environmental issues for ES
11.3 fuels effects of burning
11.3 fuels   effects of burning11.3 fuels   effects of burning
11.3 fuels effects of burning
tappp
 
Environment
EnvironmentEnvironment
Global environmental problems
Global environmental problemsGlobal environmental problems
Global environmental problems
Dr. Naveen Gaurav srivastava
 
Global warming
Global warmingGlobal warming
Global warming
PRANEETHAMVS
 
Ozone Depletion Potential of Different Refrigerants
Ozone Depletion Potential of Different RefrigerantsOzone Depletion Potential of Different Refrigerants
Ozone Depletion Potential of Different Refrigerants
Haroon Rashid
 
All About the Air Pollution.ppt
All About the Air Pollution.pptAll About the Air Pollution.ppt
All About the Air Pollution.ppt
DrSafiurRahman
 
All About the Air Pollution.ppt
All About the Air Pollution.pptAll About the Air Pollution.ppt
All About the Air Pollution.ppt
DrSafiurRahman
 
Topic ozone deplation final ppt
Topic ozone deplation final pptTopic ozone deplation final ppt
Topic ozone deplation final ppt
Ankit Pandey
 
Biology Form 4 Chapter 9 : 9.2-9.3 Endangered Ecosystem
Biology  Form 4 Chapter 9 : 9.2-9.3 Endangered EcosystemBiology  Form 4 Chapter 9 : 9.2-9.3 Endangered Ecosystem
Biology Form 4 Chapter 9 : 9.2-9.3 Endangered Ecosystem
Nirmala Josephine
 
AP Chemistry Chapter 18 Outline
AP Chemistry Chapter 18 OutlineAP Chemistry Chapter 18 Outline
AP Chemistry Chapter 18 Outline
Jane Hamze
 

Similar to The Science of Living System - All About Greenhouse (20)

environmentalchemistry-180129161644 (1).pdf
environmentalchemistry-180129161644 (1).pdfenvironmentalchemistry-180129161644 (1).pdf
environmentalchemistry-180129161644 (1).pdf
 
Environmental chemistry
Environmental chemistryEnvironmental chemistry
Environmental chemistry
 
Chemace
ChemaceChemace
Chemace
 
Chemace
ChemaceChemace
Chemace
 
Chemace
ChemaceChemace
Chemace
 
EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...
EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...
EFFECTS OF OXIDES OF, SULFUR, CARBON, NITROGEN. SMOG, INDUSTRIAL, SULFUROUS, ...
 
Natural disaster1
Natural disaster1Natural disaster1
Natural disaster1
 
air pollution
air pollutionair pollution
air pollution
 
Nikhil
NikhilNikhil
Nikhil
 
Global environmental issues for ES
Global environmental issues for ESGlobal environmental issues for ES
Global environmental issues for ES
 
11.3 fuels effects of burning
11.3 fuels   effects of burning11.3 fuels   effects of burning
11.3 fuels effects of burning
 
Environment
EnvironmentEnvironment
Environment
 
Global environmental problems
Global environmental problemsGlobal environmental problems
Global environmental problems
 
Global warming
Global warmingGlobal warming
Global warming
 
Ozone Depletion Potential of Different Refrigerants
Ozone Depletion Potential of Different RefrigerantsOzone Depletion Potential of Different Refrigerants
Ozone Depletion Potential of Different Refrigerants
 
All About the Air Pollution.ppt
All About the Air Pollution.pptAll About the Air Pollution.ppt
All About the Air Pollution.ppt
 
All About the Air Pollution.ppt
All About the Air Pollution.pptAll About the Air Pollution.ppt
All About the Air Pollution.ppt
 
Topic ozone deplation final ppt
Topic ozone deplation final pptTopic ozone deplation final ppt
Topic ozone deplation final ppt
 
Biology Form 4 Chapter 9 : 9.2-9.3 Endangered Ecosystem
Biology  Form 4 Chapter 9 : 9.2-9.3 Endangered EcosystemBiology  Form 4 Chapter 9 : 9.2-9.3 Endangered Ecosystem
Biology Form 4 Chapter 9 : 9.2-9.3 Endangered Ecosystem
 
AP Chemistry Chapter 18 Outline
AP Chemistry Chapter 18 OutlineAP Chemistry Chapter 18 Outline
AP Chemistry Chapter 18 Outline
 

More from Iskandar Zulqarnain Mohd Ishak

Bab 5 - Islam di malaysia
Bab 5 - Islam di malaysiaBab 5 - Islam di malaysia
Bab 5 - Islam di malaysia
Iskandar Zulqarnain Mohd Ishak
 
Systems Analysis & Design
Systems Analysis & DesignSystems Analysis & Design
Systems Analysis & Design
Iskandar Zulqarnain Mohd Ishak
 
Asas-Asas Akidah (CTU085)
Asas-Asas Akidah (CTU085)Asas-Asas Akidah (CTU085)
Asas-Asas Akidah (CTU085)
Iskandar Zulqarnain Mohd Ishak
 
Tarian Tradisional Masyarakat Melayu
Tarian Tradisional Masyarakat MelayuTarian Tradisional Masyarakat Melayu
Tarian Tradisional Masyarakat Melayu
Iskandar Zulqarnain Mohd Ishak
 
Pendidikan Agama Islam Tkt 5 - Adab Memelihara Alam
Pendidikan Agama Islam Tkt 5 - Adab Memelihara AlamPendidikan Agama Islam Tkt 5 - Adab Memelihara Alam
Pendidikan Agama Islam Tkt 5 - Adab Memelihara Alam
Iskandar Zulqarnain Mohd Ishak
 
Chemicals for consumers
Chemicals for consumersChemicals for consumers
Chemicals for consumers
Iskandar Zulqarnain Mohd Ishak
 
Kerajaan bani umayyah sumbangan ketenteraan
Kerajaan bani umayyah   sumbangan ketenteraanKerajaan bani umayyah   sumbangan ketenteraan
Kerajaan bani umayyah sumbangan ketenteraan
Iskandar Zulqarnain Mohd Ishak
 
Kejuruteraan Kimia - PSK TKT 3 2015
Kejuruteraan Kimia - PSK TKT 3 2015Kejuruteraan Kimia - PSK TKT 3 2015
Kejuruteraan Kimia - PSK TKT 3 2015
Iskandar Zulqarnain Mohd Ishak
 
IGCSE MATHS - Algebraic and Graph - Graph of Functions (quadratic, cubic....)
IGCSE MATHS - Algebraic and Graph - Graph of Functions (quadratic, cubic....)IGCSE MATHS - Algebraic and Graph - Graph of Functions (quadratic, cubic....)
IGCSE MATHS - Algebraic and Graph - Graph of Functions (quadratic, cubic....)
Iskandar Zulqarnain Mohd Ishak
 

More from Iskandar Zulqarnain Mohd Ishak (9)

Bab 5 - Islam di malaysia
Bab 5 - Islam di malaysiaBab 5 - Islam di malaysia
Bab 5 - Islam di malaysia
 
Systems Analysis & Design
Systems Analysis & DesignSystems Analysis & Design
Systems Analysis & Design
 
Asas-Asas Akidah (CTU085)
Asas-Asas Akidah (CTU085)Asas-Asas Akidah (CTU085)
Asas-Asas Akidah (CTU085)
 
Tarian Tradisional Masyarakat Melayu
Tarian Tradisional Masyarakat MelayuTarian Tradisional Masyarakat Melayu
Tarian Tradisional Masyarakat Melayu
 
Pendidikan Agama Islam Tkt 5 - Adab Memelihara Alam
Pendidikan Agama Islam Tkt 5 - Adab Memelihara AlamPendidikan Agama Islam Tkt 5 - Adab Memelihara Alam
Pendidikan Agama Islam Tkt 5 - Adab Memelihara Alam
 
Chemicals for consumers
Chemicals for consumersChemicals for consumers
Chemicals for consumers
 
Kerajaan bani umayyah sumbangan ketenteraan
Kerajaan bani umayyah   sumbangan ketenteraanKerajaan bani umayyah   sumbangan ketenteraan
Kerajaan bani umayyah sumbangan ketenteraan
 
Kejuruteraan Kimia - PSK TKT 3 2015
Kejuruteraan Kimia - PSK TKT 3 2015Kejuruteraan Kimia - PSK TKT 3 2015
Kejuruteraan Kimia - PSK TKT 3 2015
 
IGCSE MATHS - Algebraic and Graph - Graph of Functions (quadratic, cubic....)
IGCSE MATHS - Algebraic and Graph - Graph of Functions (quadratic, cubic....)IGCSE MATHS - Algebraic and Graph - Graph of Functions (quadratic, cubic....)
IGCSE MATHS - Algebraic and Graph - Graph of Functions (quadratic, cubic....)
 

Recently uploaded

ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdfANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
Priyankaranawat4
 
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMHow to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Celine George
 
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
Wahiba Chair Training & Consulting
 
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
PECB
 
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
How to deliver Powerpoint  Presentations.pptxHow to deliver Powerpoint  Presentations.pptx
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
HajraNaeem15
 
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Academy of Science of South Africa
 
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxChapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Denish Jangid
 
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
heathfieldcps1
 
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptxPengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Fajar Baskoro
 
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
Dr. Shivangi Singh Parihar
 
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental DesignDigital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
amberjdewit93
 
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptxNEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
iammrhaywood
 
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityNatural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Akanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
 
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
 
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdfLiberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
WaniBasim
 
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem studentsRHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Himanshu Rai
 
A Independência da América Espanhola LAPBOOK.pdf
A Independência da América Espanhola LAPBOOK.pdfA Independência da América Espanhola LAPBOOK.pdf
A Independência da América Espanhola LAPBOOK.pdf
Jean Carlos Nunes Paixão
 
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docxAdvanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
adhitya5119
 
Life upper-Intermediate B2 Workbook for student
Life upper-Intermediate B2 Workbook for studentLife upper-Intermediate B2 Workbook for student
Life upper-Intermediate B2 Workbook for student
NgcHiNguyn25
 
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
Celine George
 

Recently uploaded (20)

ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdfANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
 
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMHow to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
 
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
 
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
 
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
How to deliver Powerpoint  Presentations.pptxHow to deliver Powerpoint  Presentations.pptx
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
 
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
 
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxChapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
 
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
 
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptxPengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
 
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
 
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental DesignDigital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
 
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptxNEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
 
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityNatural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
 
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
 
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdfLiberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
 
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem studentsRHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
 
A Independência da América Espanhola LAPBOOK.pdf
A Independência da América Espanhola LAPBOOK.pdfA Independência da América Espanhola LAPBOOK.pdf
A Independência da América Espanhola LAPBOOK.pdf
 
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docxAdvanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
 
Life upper-Intermediate B2 Workbook for student
Life upper-Intermediate B2 Workbook for studentLife upper-Intermediate B2 Workbook for student
Life upper-Intermediate B2 Workbook for student
 
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
 

The Science of Living System - All About Greenhouse

  • 1. CHM096THE SCIENCE OF LIVING SYSTEMLABORATORY ASSIGNMENT CENTRE OF FOUNDATION STUDIES, UiTM DENGKIL
  • 2. MUHAMMAD FARITH HAIKAL BIN ZAHARUDIN 2018277964 MUHAMMAD HARITH HILMI BIN ZEN AZHAR 2018671936 MUHAMMAD ISKANDAR ZULQARNAIN BIN MOHD ISHAK 2019294362 MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIM BIN CHE LAH 2018684538 MUHAMMAD NAZREEN SHAH BIN HABEEB RAHMAN 2018681214
  • 3. Problem Statement We want every creatures on this Earth, Earthlings to be beware of the effect on greenhouse gaseous on their health. In addition, we must acknowledge the effect of greenhouse gaseous on living things. Today, we had too many implications regarding greenhouse gaseous effects that resulting too many rollback failures. If we ignore this problem, it may lead to dramatic increment of cascading problems. This include climate change, Antartic rapid ice melt and solar radiation. Therefore, we will use a few methodology such as using renewable energy and practicing eco-friendly lifestyle.
  • 4. HOW DOES A GREENHOUSE WORK? SCIENCE CONCEPT #1
  • 5. A greenhouse is so named because it's a structure intended for growing plants, and most plants are green, at least in part. Obviously, you can have plants inside your home as well, but greenhouses are built to maximize the "comfort" of plants. What makes a greenhouse special are primarily, it is the amount of light, the controlled temperature, and the easily manipulated amount of moisture plants receive. Greenhouses have glass ceilings, which serve to both admit a high amount of light and trap heat inside the structure. When the sun goes down, the heat doesn't dissipate as quickly as it does outdoors, allowing for plants that don't tolerate cool nights well to flourish. From a physics standpoint, what warms a greenhouse is the same thing that warms the interior of a car on a sunny day. rShoter-wavelength infrared light enters the structure through the glass, and after these invisible but warm rays bounce around, they become longer- wavelength electromagnetic energy and tend to stay inside, getting absorbed by their surroundings. What are Greenhouse?
  • 6. WHAT ARE GREENHOUSE GASEOUS? The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor and nitrous oxide. • Carbon dioxide (CO2): Carbon dioxide molecules make up only a tiny fraction of the atmosphere, but they nevertheless exert a very strong effect on climate. • Methane (CH4): Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, with a capacity to absorb considerably more heat, molecule for molecule, than carbon dioxide can. • Nitrous oxide (N20) is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste.
  • 7. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT OVER TIME • With more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, creating something like an invisible ceiling (not unlike a real greenhouse), • Heat passing upward is more likely to be stopped than to pass out of the atmosphere altogether, because the additional greenhouse gases absorb, and then radiate, this heat as infrared radiation. • Some of the heat will head away from the Earth, but some of it will be absorbed by nearby greenhouse-gas molecules, and some will return to the Earth’s surface again. • Thus, through a variety of mechanisms, as greenhouse gases accumulate, the planet continues to warm. Glaciers recede, ice at both of Earth's poles melts, the oceans warm and become more acidic, snow cover worldwide is diminished and catastrophic weather events such as hurricanes become more commonplace.
  • 9. WHAT IS OZONE? • Ozone is created in the atmosphere when the sun's rays split oxygen molecules into single atoms. These atoms combine with nearby oxygen to form a three- oxygen molecule, called ozone. • Ozone is a colourless or pale blue gas (blue when liquefied), slightly soluble in water and much more soluble in inert non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride or fluorocarbons, in which it forms a blue solution. At 161 K (−112 °C; −170 °F), it condenses to form a dark blue liquid. It is dangerous to allow this liquid to warm to its boiling point, because both concentrated gaseous ozone and liquid ozone can detonate. At temperatures below 80 K (−193.2 °C; −315.7 °F), it forms a violet-black solid.
  • 10. z Ozone Depletion  Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of Earth’s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities.  The thinning is most pronounced in the polar regions, especially over Antarctica. Ozone depletion is a major environmental problem because it increases the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches Earth’s surface, which increases the rate of skin cancer, eye cataracts, and genetic and immune system damage.  Ozone depletion occurs when the natural balance between the production and destruction of stratospheric ozone is tipped in favour of destruction. Although natural phenomena can cause temporary ozone loss, chlorine and bromine released from man- made compounds such as Choloroflourocarbon are now accepted as the main cause of this depletion. Ozone Structure
  • 11. • Chlorofluorocarbons are not "washed" back to Earth by rain or destroyed in reactions with other chemicals. They simply do not break down in the lower atmosphere and they can remain in the atmosphere from 20 to 120 years or more. • As a consequence of their relative stability, CFCs are instead transported into the stratosphere where they are eventually broken down by ultraviolet (UV) rays from the Sun, releasing free chlorine. The chlorine becomes actively involved in the process of destruction of ozone. The net result is that two molecules of ozone are replaced by three of molecular oxygen, leaving the chlorine free to repeat the process: O3 ---(after absorbing ultra violet rays)-----> O2 + O CFCl3 ---(ultraviolet ray)---> CFClO2 + Cl Cl +O3---ClO+O2 ClO+O3------------> Cl+2O2 • From the above reaction we can see how the atomic halogines(Chlorine, Bromine ) have multi-cycles to prevent regeneration of O3 from O2 ang O atoms . • Ozone is converted to oxygen, leaving the chlorine atom free to repeat the process up to 100,000 times, resulting in a reduced level of ozone. Bromine compounds, or halons, can also destroy stratospheric ozone. Compounds containing chlorine and bromine from man-made compounds are known as industrial halocarbons.
  • 12.
  • 13.  Simple device used in exhaust system of most modern day automobile and vehicle to reduce emissions from an internal combustion of engine.  When Oxygen is not enough, carbon fuel will produce by-product (hazardous).  This converter will provide a site for oxidation(adding oxygen) and reduction(remove oxygen) of toxic by-products (NO, CO, Hydrocarbon) to less hazardous substance (H2O, CO2). CATALYTIC CONVERTER SOLUTIONS #1
  • 14. How It Works It uses basic redox reactions to reduce pollutants a car makes Converts 98% of harmful fumes produced into less harmful gasses. Composed of metal housing with ceramic honeycomb-like interior and insulating layers Honeycomb-like has thin walls channels coated with a washcoat of Aluminium Oxide(porous). Increasing surface area, thus more reactions Precious metals like Platinum, Rhodium, Palladium(promote transfer of ē)  Three way Catalytic converter has 3 simultaneous functions: 1. Reduction of NO into elemental N and O NOX NX + OX 2. Oxidation of CO to CO2 CO + O2 CO2 3. Oxidation of Hydrocarbons into CO2 AND H20 CXH4X + 2XO2 XCO2 + 2XH2O  Two types of systems: “lean”(O2 more) & “rich”(fuel more)  Never achieve 100% efficiency because of constant imbalance of reactions.
  • 15. BASIC CATALYTIC CONVERTER  Require the use of unleaded fuel, so the catalyst will work because lead in conventional ful “poisons” the catalyst and prevent it from taking up pollutants in exhaust gasses.
  • 16. • BIOFERTILIZERS ARE THE SUBSTANCES WHICH MAKE USE OF MICROORGANISMS TO FERTILE THE SOIL. THESE FERTILIZERS ARE NOT HARMFUL TO CROPS OR OTHER PLANTS LIKE THE CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS. THEY ARE ACTUALLY TAKEN FROM THE ANIMAL WASTES ALONG WITH MICROBIAL MIXTURES. MICROORGANISMS ARE USED TO INCREASE THE LEVEL OF NUTRIENTS IN THE PLANTS. THEY LET THE PLANTS GROW IN HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT. THEY ARE ALSO ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND DO NOT CAUSE THE POLLUTION OF ANY SORT. ISE OF FERTILIZERS IN SOIL, MAKES THE PLANT HEALTHY AS ELL AS PROTECT THEM FROM GETTING ANY DISEASES. BIOFERTILIZERS SOLUTIONS #2
  • 17. TYPES OF BIOFERTILIZERS Nitrogen Biofertilizers This type of biofertilizers helps the agricultures to determine the nitrogen level in the soil. Nitrogen is necessary component which is used for the growth of the plant. Plants need a limited amount nitrogen for their growth. The types of the crops also determines that which type of biofertilizers is needed for this crop. Foe example, azotobacterial is used for the non legume crops; Rhizobium is needed for the legume crops. Phosphorus Biofertilizers Phosphorus fertilizers are used to determine the phosphorus level in the soil. The need of phosphorus for the plant growth is also limited. Phosphorus biofertilizers make the soil get the required amount of phosphorus. It is not necessary that a particular phosphorus biofertilizers is used for a particular type of crop. They can be used for any types of crops. Compost Biofertilizers Compost biofertilizers are those which make use of the animal dung to enrich the soil with useful microorganisms and nutrients. To convert the animals waste inti biofertilizers, the microorganisms like bacteria undergo biological processes and help in breaking down the waste. Cellulytic fungal culture and azetobacter cultures can be used for the compost biofertilizers.
  • 18. Advantages of Biofertilizers • They help to get high yield of crops by making the soil rich with nutrients and useful microorganisms necessary for the grown of plants. • Biofertilizers have replaced the chemical fertilizers as chemical fertilizers are not beneficial for the plants. They decrease the growth of the plants and make the environment polluted by releasing harmful chemicals. • Plant growth can be increased if biofertilizers are used, because they contain natural components which do not harm the plants. • If the soil are free with chemicals, it will retain its fertility which is beneficial for the plants as well as environments • They are environment friendly and protect environments against pollutants
  • 19. Disadvantages of Biofertilizers • Biofertilizers require special care for long-term storage because they are alive. They must be used before their expiration date. • If other microorganisms contaminate the carrier medium or if growers use the wrong strain, they are not as effective. • Biofertilizers complement other fertilizers, but they cannot totally replace them. • Biofertilizers lose their effectiveness if the soil is too hot or dry. • Excessively acidic or alkaline soils also hamper successful growth of the beneficial microorganisms; moreover, they are less effective if the soil contains an excess of their natural microbiological enemies.
  • 21.
  • 22. SCIENCE CONCEPT – PHOTOCATALYTIC CELLS Since that Carbon dioxide, CO2 gas contribute in global warming as well as greenhouse gaseous, it can be converted into another chemical substances. In addition to reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, photocatalytic methods can also produce valuable chemicals that make such approaches an appealing option to conventional CO2 removal methods.
  • 23. SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION OF 𝐶𝑂2 WITH 𝐻2 𝑂 ON THE ANCHORED TITANIUM OXIDE
  • 24.
  • 25. In conclusion, the greenhouse gaseous in air affecting most of our environmental issues and harming the living things. Here, we have overcome methodologies in reducing the effect of greenhouse gaseous such as using unleaded fuel and applying photocatalytic cell.

Editor's Notes

  1. Thanks to growing concerns about climate change (often called "global warming") and the language that has sprung up around this concern, it's likely that as many younger people have heard terms like "the greenhouse effect" and "greenhouse gases“
  2. Conversion of carbon dioxide into gaseous hydrocarbons using titanium dioxide in the presence of water.[14] As an efficient absorber in the UV range, titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the anatase and rutile phases are able to generate excitons by promoting electrons across the band gap. The electrons and holes react with the surrounding water vapor to produce hydroxyl radicals and protons. At present, proposed reaction mechanisms usually suggest the creation of a highly reactive carbon radical from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide which then reacts with the photogenerated protons to ultimately form methane. Although the efficiencies of present titanium dioxide based photocatalysts are low, the incorporation of carbon based nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes[15] and metallic nanoparticles[16] have been shown to enhance the efficiency of these photocatalysts.