The aim of this study is to investigates the how individual and organizational factors influence people behavior in using knowledge management. This research applied Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a basis theory; TAM was enriched with individual and organizational factors for this study. A survey approach was conducted for data collection. Three of institutions in Banking Sector at Indonesia were invited to join this study and 215 knowledge workers were participated for the survey. Data from survey were analyzed through Structural Equations Model (SEM) using PLS (Partial Least Square) V2. The conclusion specify that ‘‘individual elements’’ and ‘‘organizational elements’’ are the significantly affect people behavior in KMS acceptance factors that influence knowledge worker behavior in knowledge sharing. However this study not found relationship between individual and organization factors and “perceived ease of use” construct with people behavior in accept KMS.
This study examines the impact of learning orientation dimensions on the relationship between information technology capability and the quality of management accounting information, with technological uncertainty as a moderating variable. The study found that commitment to learning, shared vision, and open-mindedness positively impact information technology capability. It also found that information technology capability positively impacts the quality of management accounting information. However, it did not find technological uncertainty to moderate the relationship between information technology capability and the quality of management accounting information. The study was limited by a lack of data connection between variables.
This document discusses factors that affect firm value for public manufacturing firms in Indonesia, including social responsibility, corporate governance, company size, and profitability. It provides background on the relationship between these factors and firm value based on prior literature. Theoretical frameworks discussed that may explain these relationships include agency theory, stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, positive accounting theory, and signaling theory. The purpose of the study is to develop a new model of the relationships between these exogenous, intervening, and endogenous variables based on these theories and prior empirical research.
This document summarizes research on the use of websites for e-tourism marketing and the importance of message credibility. It discusses how countries are increasingly using tourism to boost their economies and how websites are important for disseminating travel information. The document then reviews literature on e-tourism management, the internet as a management tool, and the importance of message credibility for persuading consumers. It finds that message credibility positively impacts message strength and purchase intent for travel destinations.
Conceptualizing Information Technology Governance Model for Higher Education:...journalBEEI
Information Technology (IT) governance has been emerging as a central issue in many organizations. This is because IT governance is key to realizing IT business value. Past studies have focused on the three aspects of IT governance, namely, structural capability, process capability and relational capability. At the same time, some studies have suggested that IT governance process should be viewed as a learning process rather than a problem solving process. Based on this scenario, the role of knowledge and knowledge based processes should be the central focus of IT governance. As a learning process, IT governance effectiveness can be determined by how much impact IT governance practices has influenced on decision-makers’ thinking and actions. In this case, knowledge capacity absorbed from IT governance experience reflects a certain level of organizational learning (OL) achieved which later influences the level of IT governance performance. Since studies that adopt this perspective is lacking, this paper proposes a conceptual framework based on absorptive capacity approach for an IT governance performance model in the higher education. The paper contributes theoretically by extending the knowledge of IT governance by exploring a new perspective on OL
WHY KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FAILED by DANIEL DONI SUNDJOJODaniel Doni
The document discusses why knowledge management systems often fail in organizations. It argues that for a KM system to be effective, an organization must first transform into a learning organization where there is a culture of learning, motivation to learn, and a willingness to challenge assumptions. The document presents research from a case study of an internet services provider that implemented a KM system alongside strategic, policy, and operational learning initiatives. The results showed that the KM system was effective because the company had transformed into a learning organization where sharing knowledge and improving was a priority.
This document discusses the development of an internal control system for credit union cooperatives in Indonesia. It provides context on the important role of cooperatives in the Indonesian economy. It then reviews weaknesses found in existing cooperative internal controls, such as a lack of written procedures and job descriptions. The objectives of the study are to design an improved internal control system for credit union cooperatives. It reviews components of internal control systems and risks relevant to cooperatives based on prior literature.
The Relationships Between IT Flexibility, IT-Business Strategic Alignment and...IJMIT JOURNAL
What seems to still be the main concern for managers in the corporate world across the globe is IT business strategic alignment. This study seeks to address the research problem about the lack of alignment between IT and business strategies. Upon reviewing various literature on this subject, it was found that IT flexibility is one of the most vital factors that help sustain strategic alignment. The researcher upon having a detailed discussion on the possible areas associated with the present body of knowledge has discovered gaps in the studies that have been undertaken on strategic alignment and IT flexibility. This is because IT capability in relation to IT flexibility and strategic alignment has been ignored in the previous studies. As a result, this research proposes a relationship between IT flexibility (i.e., modularity, connectivity and compatibility), IT capability, and strategic alignment.
The Effect Of Firm Size And Organizational Culture On The Quality Of Financial Reporting In Sharia Microfinancing Institution (Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil) (The Case Of Ex Banyumas Residency-Indonesia)
This study examines the impact of learning orientation dimensions on the relationship between information technology capability and the quality of management accounting information, with technological uncertainty as a moderating variable. The study found that commitment to learning, shared vision, and open-mindedness positively impact information technology capability. It also found that information technology capability positively impacts the quality of management accounting information. However, it did not find technological uncertainty to moderate the relationship between information technology capability and the quality of management accounting information. The study was limited by a lack of data connection between variables.
This document discusses factors that affect firm value for public manufacturing firms in Indonesia, including social responsibility, corporate governance, company size, and profitability. It provides background on the relationship between these factors and firm value based on prior literature. Theoretical frameworks discussed that may explain these relationships include agency theory, stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, positive accounting theory, and signaling theory. The purpose of the study is to develop a new model of the relationships between these exogenous, intervening, and endogenous variables based on these theories and prior empirical research.
This document summarizes research on the use of websites for e-tourism marketing and the importance of message credibility. It discusses how countries are increasingly using tourism to boost their economies and how websites are important for disseminating travel information. The document then reviews literature on e-tourism management, the internet as a management tool, and the importance of message credibility for persuading consumers. It finds that message credibility positively impacts message strength and purchase intent for travel destinations.
Conceptualizing Information Technology Governance Model for Higher Education:...journalBEEI
Information Technology (IT) governance has been emerging as a central issue in many organizations. This is because IT governance is key to realizing IT business value. Past studies have focused on the three aspects of IT governance, namely, structural capability, process capability and relational capability. At the same time, some studies have suggested that IT governance process should be viewed as a learning process rather than a problem solving process. Based on this scenario, the role of knowledge and knowledge based processes should be the central focus of IT governance. As a learning process, IT governance effectiveness can be determined by how much impact IT governance practices has influenced on decision-makers’ thinking and actions. In this case, knowledge capacity absorbed from IT governance experience reflects a certain level of organizational learning (OL) achieved which later influences the level of IT governance performance. Since studies that adopt this perspective is lacking, this paper proposes a conceptual framework based on absorptive capacity approach for an IT governance performance model in the higher education. The paper contributes theoretically by extending the knowledge of IT governance by exploring a new perspective on OL
WHY KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FAILED by DANIEL DONI SUNDJOJODaniel Doni
The document discusses why knowledge management systems often fail in organizations. It argues that for a KM system to be effective, an organization must first transform into a learning organization where there is a culture of learning, motivation to learn, and a willingness to challenge assumptions. The document presents research from a case study of an internet services provider that implemented a KM system alongside strategic, policy, and operational learning initiatives. The results showed that the KM system was effective because the company had transformed into a learning organization where sharing knowledge and improving was a priority.
This document discusses the development of an internal control system for credit union cooperatives in Indonesia. It provides context on the important role of cooperatives in the Indonesian economy. It then reviews weaknesses found in existing cooperative internal controls, such as a lack of written procedures and job descriptions. The objectives of the study are to design an improved internal control system for credit union cooperatives. It reviews components of internal control systems and risks relevant to cooperatives based on prior literature.
The Relationships Between IT Flexibility, IT-Business Strategic Alignment and...IJMIT JOURNAL
What seems to still be the main concern for managers in the corporate world across the globe is IT business strategic alignment. This study seeks to address the research problem about the lack of alignment between IT and business strategies. Upon reviewing various literature on this subject, it was found that IT flexibility is one of the most vital factors that help sustain strategic alignment. The researcher upon having a detailed discussion on the possible areas associated with the present body of knowledge has discovered gaps in the studies that have been undertaken on strategic alignment and IT flexibility. This is because IT capability in relation to IT flexibility and strategic alignment has been ignored in the previous studies. As a result, this research proposes a relationship between IT flexibility (i.e., modularity, connectivity and compatibility), IT capability, and strategic alignment.
The Effect Of Firm Size And Organizational Culture On The Quality Of Financial Reporting In Sharia Microfinancing Institution (Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil) (The Case Of Ex Banyumas Residency-Indonesia)
Enablers of TMT support fr integrated management control systems innovationsJessica Lee
This study examines the factors that drive top management team (TMT) support for integrated management control systems (MCS) innovations. The study develops a model to test four hypothesized enablers of TMT support: 1) TMT's strategic IT knowledge, 2) TMT knowledge creation processes, 3) the chief information officer's (CIO) strategic business and IT knowledge, and 4) the interaction between the TMT and CIO. Survey data from 347 Australian organizations was analyzed to test the relationships in the model. The results support the theorized relationships between the four enablers and TMT support for integrated MCS innovations.
This document summarizes a study on designing a web-based tracer study management information system for Jenderal Achmad Yani University. The study aims to determine an ideal tracer study design that can facilitate graduate tracking and industry data collection. It involves interviews with universities that have implemented tracer studies. The proposed system would allow real-time online access to graduate data and help evaluate education programs and career development. It is hoped that the centralized tracer study system would benefit graduates, industry, and other stakeholders.
This document discusses adding an environmental perspective to the balanced scorecard (BSC) as a way to improve corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation in Indonesia. It notes that CSR implementation and reporting is currently low in Indonesia due to companies viewing CSR as an added expense without clear financial benefits. The document suggests including environmental factors in company performance measurement through the BSC, with the hypothesis that linking environmental performance to financial and non-financial metrics may change company mindsets about CSR. It provides background on the BSC's traditional four perspectives and argues for adding an environmental perspective to create a more comprehensive performance assessment.
This document summarizes a study exploring the practice of the Tawhidic Paradigm (TP) in organizational policy and strategy of small and medium enterprises in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study found that while entrepreneurs said they practiced TP according to Islamic teachings, they still faced challenges sustaining their businesses. However, they maintained strong faith in Allah and worked hard as an act of worship. The document argues that while TP in organizational policy and strategy is significant theoretically, more research is needed to prove its practical impact due to a lack of existing examples.
The causality relationship between management in supply chain collaboration w...Alexander Decker
1. The study analyzes factors that determine supply chain management and the prosperity of corn farmers in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
2. The results show that supply chain management is influenced by business process integration, supply chain collaboration, and organizational performance.
3. The prosperity of farmers is directly influenced by supply chain management, supply chain collaboration, and organizational performance, and indirectly influenced by business process integration and competitive advantage.
This document summarizes a research study conducted at Politeknik LP3I Bandung examining the influence of organization structure, work environment, and motivation on employee performance. The study used a quantitative approach, surveying 55 employees. The results found that organization structure, work environment, and motivation all positively influence employee performance. An appropriate organization structure and positive work environment are important for improving employee welfare and motivation, which enhances performance and allows the organization to achieve its goals.
The Rayon Office On Of Sub District, So The Head Of Rayon Office Receipt Part Of Authority Delegated From Sub District, And The Sub District Receipt Part Of Authority Delegated From The Local Government.
This document summarizes preliminary findings from a survey of 30 Malaysian public listed companies regarding their environmental performance and financial development. It describes the companies' facility characteristics, environmental management practices, motivations for environmental practices, and responses to public environmental policy. The majority of companies engage in global or local markets and serve other manufacturers or facilities within their own firms as primary customers. While most allocate no budget specifically to environmental matters, the preliminary analysis suggests companies are aware of environmental issues and undertake some environmental management practices.
The impact of top management support on the behavioural intention to adopt in...LenaFrau
This literature review examines the impact of top management support on behavioral intention to adopt information systems over 46 years of research. The review finds three relationships between top management support and adoption: direct linear connection, relationship mediated by other variables, and more complex relationships. Top managers can influence adoption through culture change, motivating employees, and setting the right atmosphere. Influencing factors on top managers' strategic decisions include their cognitive base and values. The review identifies gaps in researching factors influencing top managers' behaviors in supporting information system adoption.
Developing An Information System for Sustainable Human Resource Developmentiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
2-pager leaflet How well do understand your clients environment - PhD proposa...Ir. Jos Geskus EMITA
This document summarizes Jos Geskus' PhD proposal on applying principles of Enterprise Engineering to auditing. It discusses how understanding clients as complex social systems is key for auditors. Technological advances like cloud computing increase complexity, requiring methods to reduce complexity and identify significant parts. Enterprise Engineering uses Enterprise Ontology, Architecture, and Governance as pillars. The proposal aims to develop tools using Enterprise Ontology to better understand clients' enterprises and improve audit quality.
11.[12 21]analysis of government-university relationship from the perspective...Alexander Decker
The document discusses agency theory and its relevance to analyzing the relationship between
governments and universities. It describes how informational asymmetries and goal conflicts between
principals and agents can lead to agency problems. Specifically, it analyzes how factors like time lags
between funding and outcomes, diverse student needs, and complex nature of education services can cause
informational asymmetries in the relationship between governments and higher education institutions.
Investigating the Influence of E-HRM Practices on Organizational Performance:...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM) came into existence as a result of the evolution of new technology and it leads to eliminating the administrative burden on HR professionals. Financial institutions are the heart of the financial stability of the economy. Nowadays most financial institutions are widely adopting E-HRM practices in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. However, it has been observed that there is a lack of empirical studies regarding this phenomenon in the Sri Lankan context. The main contribution of this study is to enrich the knowledge and investigate the impact of E-HRM practices on organizational performance under the mediation role of organizational agility. Thus, the study focusses on to examine how E-HRM impacts organizational performance, and to determine the mediating role of organizational agility between E-HRM and OP. Questionnaires were distributed by using a convenience sampling method to collect primary data from 40 financial institutions in Sri Lanka. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, descriptive statistics, Baron and Kenny mediator analysis method, and Sobel test. Results of the analysis indicated that E-HRM practices significantly and positively impact organizational performance while organizational agility mediates the relationship between E-HRM practices and OP. Outcomes of this study provided implications like enhancing available literature, to understand the real impact of E-HRM on organizational performance to HR managers. This study also suggests some further research areas for future research.
Influence User Involvement On The Quality Of Accounting Information SystemArnol Awal
Background of this study was based on the argument that there were correlation between user involvement and quality of accounting information system. This study aims to examine: the influence of user involvement on the quality of the information system
This document discusses how steering committees can manage change through dynamic capabilities to increase system satisfaction. It proposes that steering committees can develop business IS capabilities by leveraging an innovative culture and capable champions. This mediates the effects on system quality and satisfaction. The study develops a change model based on dynamic capability for IT governance. It suggests implications for practice and theory of project-based IT governance.
The impact of information technology infrastructure flexibilityMohamed Abouelmagd
This document summarizes a study that examines the impact of four components of IT infrastructure flexibility - compatibility, connectivity, modularity, and IT personnel skills - on strategic IT-business alignment and the extent of applications implementation within organizations. The study developed a conceptual model and survey instrument to test two hypotheses: 1) that each component of IT infrastructure flexibility positively affects strategic alignment, and 2) that each component positively affects the extent of applications implementation. Data was collected through a survey of 800 senior IT executives in the US and Canada. The findings provide evidence that connectivity, modularity, and IT personnel skills positively impact alignment, and that all four components positively impact applications implementation.
Influence of User Ability On The Quality of Accounting Information SystemArnol Awal
With the use of accounting information, the decision makers will obtain key information relating to future. Companies need information systems that are designed to assist organizations in the face of competition. Companies use accounting information system as a tool to generate information that managers can make decisions.
This document discusses the role of computer and information systems managers. It states that they play a vital role in implementing technology within organizations by planning, coordinating, and directing research. They help determine both technical and business goals in consultation with top management. This requires a strong understanding of both technology and business practices. The document also notes that employment of computer and information systems managers is projected to grow faster than average due to increasing use of technology in workplaces. A bachelor's degree is usually required for management positions, with employers preferring graduate degrees. Computer and information systems managers must possess strong interpersonal, communication, and leadership skills to interact with staff and others inside and outside their organizations.
11.a descriptive analysis of the challenges facing information technology man...Alexander Decker
1. This study examines the challenges faced by IT managers in their management practices. It analyzes the drivers of management practices adopted from an experiential leadership model, including rules, initiatives, integrity, immediate action, and emotions.
2. A mixed-methods approach was used, including focus group discussions and a survey of 149 IT managers and administrators. The survey examined how the managers perceived the importance of each driver in their work.
3. The findings showed that immediate action in response to emergencies was seen as the most important driver. Rules and commitment to rules was seen as the second most challenging impediment faced by IT managers in their work.
Leadership and IT-Driven Organizational Change in the Sri Lankan ContextEashani Rodrigo
This document summarizes a research study on leadership and IT-driven organizational change in Sri Lankan organizations. The study involved qualitative case studies of six organizations in Sri Lanka that had undergone major IT changes. The research found that while the organizations did not follow formal change management processes, leadership played a key role in ensuring the changes were successful. Specifically, the organizations found that people-oriented leadership styles like affiliative, authoritative, and democratic were most effective at reducing employee resistance to change. The study concludes that people resistance is a major dimension of change management and that adopting the right leadership style can help organizations overcome resistance and successfully implement IT-driven changes.
Antecedents of Knowledge Management Practices: Case of Malaysian PractitionersjournalBEEI
In this paper, we investigated the knowledge management (KM) behavior of executives in Malaysia who work in different sectors and involved in Information Technology (IT) related fields. We proposed a conceptual framework based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to study their intention and involvement in KM initiatives. The knowledge creation theory (SECI process) was employed to operationalize KM intention and KM behavior. We proposed six independent variables that represent the social-cultural nature of KM as the antecedence of KM intention. These variables are trust, management support, decentralization, IT support, performance expectancy (PE), and effort expectancy (EE). Seventy-four executives from both private and government-linked organizations responded to our online questionnaire. SmartPLS3 was used to run the analysis. The reliability was ensured with the factor loadings, Cronbach’s alpha, Composite Reliability (CR) that met the fit requirement of above 0.6, 0.7 and 0.7 respectively. The convergent validity was confirmed through average variance extracted (AVE) that met the fit requirement of above 0.5. The discriminant validity was assessed by using Fornell and Larcker’s criterion. Finally, the structural model confirmed that only PE of KM, and EE of KM are the significant predictors of KM intention and the KM intention significantly predicts KM behavior. The implications of the findings are discussed in detail at the end of the paper.
SMUPI-BIS: a synthesis model for users’ perceived impact of business intelli...nooriasukmaningtyas
Business intelligence is a collection of methodologies, methods, architectures, and technologies that convert raw data into significant and useful information used by organizations to enable more effective strategic, tactical, and operational insights and decision-making. In spite of several studies have examined the critical success factors and development of business intelligence system, but few relevant studies have investigated perceptions of end-user’s business intelligence systems. Furthermore, none of those studies was performed in a higher education sector in Iraq. Consequently, the study aims to determine the business intelligence system features influencing perceived impact end users’ and of using business intelligence systems in Iraqi educational institutes. A technology acceptance model and technology organization environment framework were syntheses as a basis to develop a research model for business intelligence users' perceived impact and adopt of business intelligence systems named (SMUPIBIS). Later, an online instrument (questionnaire) was designed to gather data from the business intelligence system users in five Iraqi universities. Twentyone hypotheses were proposed and later tested. The main outcomes of this study suggest that decision support, information quality, and real-time reporting are the most significant system characteristics influencing end users' perceived impact and their usage of business intelligence systems.
Enablers of TMT support fr integrated management control systems innovationsJessica Lee
This study examines the factors that drive top management team (TMT) support for integrated management control systems (MCS) innovations. The study develops a model to test four hypothesized enablers of TMT support: 1) TMT's strategic IT knowledge, 2) TMT knowledge creation processes, 3) the chief information officer's (CIO) strategic business and IT knowledge, and 4) the interaction between the TMT and CIO. Survey data from 347 Australian organizations was analyzed to test the relationships in the model. The results support the theorized relationships between the four enablers and TMT support for integrated MCS innovations.
This document summarizes a study on designing a web-based tracer study management information system for Jenderal Achmad Yani University. The study aims to determine an ideal tracer study design that can facilitate graduate tracking and industry data collection. It involves interviews with universities that have implemented tracer studies. The proposed system would allow real-time online access to graduate data and help evaluate education programs and career development. It is hoped that the centralized tracer study system would benefit graduates, industry, and other stakeholders.
This document discusses adding an environmental perspective to the balanced scorecard (BSC) as a way to improve corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation in Indonesia. It notes that CSR implementation and reporting is currently low in Indonesia due to companies viewing CSR as an added expense without clear financial benefits. The document suggests including environmental factors in company performance measurement through the BSC, with the hypothesis that linking environmental performance to financial and non-financial metrics may change company mindsets about CSR. It provides background on the BSC's traditional four perspectives and argues for adding an environmental perspective to create a more comprehensive performance assessment.
This document summarizes a study exploring the practice of the Tawhidic Paradigm (TP) in organizational policy and strategy of small and medium enterprises in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study found that while entrepreneurs said they practiced TP according to Islamic teachings, they still faced challenges sustaining their businesses. However, they maintained strong faith in Allah and worked hard as an act of worship. The document argues that while TP in organizational policy and strategy is significant theoretically, more research is needed to prove its practical impact due to a lack of existing examples.
The causality relationship between management in supply chain collaboration w...Alexander Decker
1. The study analyzes factors that determine supply chain management and the prosperity of corn farmers in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
2. The results show that supply chain management is influenced by business process integration, supply chain collaboration, and organizational performance.
3. The prosperity of farmers is directly influenced by supply chain management, supply chain collaboration, and organizational performance, and indirectly influenced by business process integration and competitive advantage.
This document summarizes a research study conducted at Politeknik LP3I Bandung examining the influence of organization structure, work environment, and motivation on employee performance. The study used a quantitative approach, surveying 55 employees. The results found that organization structure, work environment, and motivation all positively influence employee performance. An appropriate organization structure and positive work environment are important for improving employee welfare and motivation, which enhances performance and allows the organization to achieve its goals.
The Rayon Office On Of Sub District, So The Head Of Rayon Office Receipt Part Of Authority Delegated From Sub District, And The Sub District Receipt Part Of Authority Delegated From The Local Government.
This document summarizes preliminary findings from a survey of 30 Malaysian public listed companies regarding their environmental performance and financial development. It describes the companies' facility characteristics, environmental management practices, motivations for environmental practices, and responses to public environmental policy. The majority of companies engage in global or local markets and serve other manufacturers or facilities within their own firms as primary customers. While most allocate no budget specifically to environmental matters, the preliminary analysis suggests companies are aware of environmental issues and undertake some environmental management practices.
The impact of top management support on the behavioural intention to adopt in...LenaFrau
This literature review examines the impact of top management support on behavioral intention to adopt information systems over 46 years of research. The review finds three relationships between top management support and adoption: direct linear connection, relationship mediated by other variables, and more complex relationships. Top managers can influence adoption through culture change, motivating employees, and setting the right atmosphere. Influencing factors on top managers' strategic decisions include their cognitive base and values. The review identifies gaps in researching factors influencing top managers' behaviors in supporting information system adoption.
Developing An Information System for Sustainable Human Resource Developmentiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
2-pager leaflet How well do understand your clients environment - PhD proposa...Ir. Jos Geskus EMITA
This document summarizes Jos Geskus' PhD proposal on applying principles of Enterprise Engineering to auditing. It discusses how understanding clients as complex social systems is key for auditors. Technological advances like cloud computing increase complexity, requiring methods to reduce complexity and identify significant parts. Enterprise Engineering uses Enterprise Ontology, Architecture, and Governance as pillars. The proposal aims to develop tools using Enterprise Ontology to better understand clients' enterprises and improve audit quality.
11.[12 21]analysis of government-university relationship from the perspective...Alexander Decker
The document discusses agency theory and its relevance to analyzing the relationship between
governments and universities. It describes how informational asymmetries and goal conflicts between
principals and agents can lead to agency problems. Specifically, it analyzes how factors like time lags
between funding and outcomes, diverse student needs, and complex nature of education services can cause
informational asymmetries in the relationship between governments and higher education institutions.
Investigating the Influence of E-HRM Practices on Organizational Performance:...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM) came into existence as a result of the evolution of new technology and it leads to eliminating the administrative burden on HR professionals. Financial institutions are the heart of the financial stability of the economy. Nowadays most financial institutions are widely adopting E-HRM practices in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. However, it has been observed that there is a lack of empirical studies regarding this phenomenon in the Sri Lankan context. The main contribution of this study is to enrich the knowledge and investigate the impact of E-HRM practices on organizational performance under the mediation role of organizational agility. Thus, the study focusses on to examine how E-HRM impacts organizational performance, and to determine the mediating role of organizational agility between E-HRM and OP. Questionnaires were distributed by using a convenience sampling method to collect primary data from 40 financial institutions in Sri Lanka. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, descriptive statistics, Baron and Kenny mediator analysis method, and Sobel test. Results of the analysis indicated that E-HRM practices significantly and positively impact organizational performance while organizational agility mediates the relationship between E-HRM practices and OP. Outcomes of this study provided implications like enhancing available literature, to understand the real impact of E-HRM on organizational performance to HR managers. This study also suggests some further research areas for future research.
Influence User Involvement On The Quality Of Accounting Information SystemArnol Awal
Background of this study was based on the argument that there were correlation between user involvement and quality of accounting information system. This study aims to examine: the influence of user involvement on the quality of the information system
This document discusses how steering committees can manage change through dynamic capabilities to increase system satisfaction. It proposes that steering committees can develop business IS capabilities by leveraging an innovative culture and capable champions. This mediates the effects on system quality and satisfaction. The study develops a change model based on dynamic capability for IT governance. It suggests implications for practice and theory of project-based IT governance.
The impact of information technology infrastructure flexibilityMohamed Abouelmagd
This document summarizes a study that examines the impact of four components of IT infrastructure flexibility - compatibility, connectivity, modularity, and IT personnel skills - on strategic IT-business alignment and the extent of applications implementation within organizations. The study developed a conceptual model and survey instrument to test two hypotheses: 1) that each component of IT infrastructure flexibility positively affects strategic alignment, and 2) that each component positively affects the extent of applications implementation. Data was collected through a survey of 800 senior IT executives in the US and Canada. The findings provide evidence that connectivity, modularity, and IT personnel skills positively impact alignment, and that all four components positively impact applications implementation.
Influence of User Ability On The Quality of Accounting Information SystemArnol Awal
With the use of accounting information, the decision makers will obtain key information relating to future. Companies need information systems that are designed to assist organizations in the face of competition. Companies use accounting information system as a tool to generate information that managers can make decisions.
This document discusses the role of computer and information systems managers. It states that they play a vital role in implementing technology within organizations by planning, coordinating, and directing research. They help determine both technical and business goals in consultation with top management. This requires a strong understanding of both technology and business practices. The document also notes that employment of computer and information systems managers is projected to grow faster than average due to increasing use of technology in workplaces. A bachelor's degree is usually required for management positions, with employers preferring graduate degrees. Computer and information systems managers must possess strong interpersonal, communication, and leadership skills to interact with staff and others inside and outside their organizations.
11.a descriptive analysis of the challenges facing information technology man...Alexander Decker
1. This study examines the challenges faced by IT managers in their management practices. It analyzes the drivers of management practices adopted from an experiential leadership model, including rules, initiatives, integrity, immediate action, and emotions.
2. A mixed-methods approach was used, including focus group discussions and a survey of 149 IT managers and administrators. The survey examined how the managers perceived the importance of each driver in their work.
3. The findings showed that immediate action in response to emergencies was seen as the most important driver. Rules and commitment to rules was seen as the second most challenging impediment faced by IT managers in their work.
Leadership and IT-Driven Organizational Change in the Sri Lankan ContextEashani Rodrigo
This document summarizes a research study on leadership and IT-driven organizational change in Sri Lankan organizations. The study involved qualitative case studies of six organizations in Sri Lanka that had undergone major IT changes. The research found that while the organizations did not follow formal change management processes, leadership played a key role in ensuring the changes were successful. Specifically, the organizations found that people-oriented leadership styles like affiliative, authoritative, and democratic were most effective at reducing employee resistance to change. The study concludes that people resistance is a major dimension of change management and that adopting the right leadership style can help organizations overcome resistance and successfully implement IT-driven changes.
Antecedents of Knowledge Management Practices: Case of Malaysian PractitionersjournalBEEI
In this paper, we investigated the knowledge management (KM) behavior of executives in Malaysia who work in different sectors and involved in Information Technology (IT) related fields. We proposed a conceptual framework based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to study their intention and involvement in KM initiatives. The knowledge creation theory (SECI process) was employed to operationalize KM intention and KM behavior. We proposed six independent variables that represent the social-cultural nature of KM as the antecedence of KM intention. These variables are trust, management support, decentralization, IT support, performance expectancy (PE), and effort expectancy (EE). Seventy-four executives from both private and government-linked organizations responded to our online questionnaire. SmartPLS3 was used to run the analysis. The reliability was ensured with the factor loadings, Cronbach’s alpha, Composite Reliability (CR) that met the fit requirement of above 0.6, 0.7 and 0.7 respectively. The convergent validity was confirmed through average variance extracted (AVE) that met the fit requirement of above 0.5. The discriminant validity was assessed by using Fornell and Larcker’s criterion. Finally, the structural model confirmed that only PE of KM, and EE of KM are the significant predictors of KM intention and the KM intention significantly predicts KM behavior. The implications of the findings are discussed in detail at the end of the paper.
SMUPI-BIS: a synthesis model for users’ perceived impact of business intelli...nooriasukmaningtyas
Business intelligence is a collection of methodologies, methods, architectures, and technologies that convert raw data into significant and useful information used by organizations to enable more effective strategic, tactical, and operational insights and decision-making. In spite of several studies have examined the critical success factors and development of business intelligence system, but few relevant studies have investigated perceptions of end-user’s business intelligence systems. Furthermore, none of those studies was performed in a higher education sector in Iraq. Consequently, the study aims to determine the business intelligence system features influencing perceived impact end users’ and of using business intelligence systems in Iraqi educational institutes. A technology acceptance model and technology organization environment framework were syntheses as a basis to develop a research model for business intelligence users' perceived impact and adopt of business intelligence systems named (SMUPIBIS). Later, an online instrument (questionnaire) was designed to gather data from the business intelligence system users in five Iraqi universities. Twentyone hypotheses were proposed and later tested. The main outcomes of this study suggest that decision support, information quality, and real-time reporting are the most significant system characteristics influencing end users' perceived impact and their usage of business intelligence systems.
This document summarizes a study that investigated factors affecting acceptance of e-learning among students at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). The study tested a model combining the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with variables from the Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Theory. It found that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use positively influenced e-learning usage, but social pressure and internet self-efficacy did not. The implications are that universities should focus on developing useful e-learning content to encourage student adoption. A survey of 256 business students found that most used e-learning a few times a week, indicating a moderate overall usage level.
Running Head: Research Proposal 1
Research Proposal 2
Research Proposal
December 3, 2017
ITS4099
Student
Research Proposal
Problem Statement
Organizational functions should be changed in line with changes in the business environment. The invention of new technologies is being a factor hindering organizational growth. On the other hand, organizations which accurately forecast these new innovations are better placed. Business intelligence analytics are majorly being used to enhance the efficiency of firm’s functions. However, there is substantial variation in the utilization. The application of new technologies into an institutions functions increases the returns, and consequently higher profitability is achieved. This research study aims at identifying BIA factors which enhance sophistication of enterprise functions. Furthermore, it will study factors which constrain the adoption of new technologies. This research will assess the factors which affect usage of business intelligence systems. It will therefore bridge the gap between innovation and usage of the new applications.
Purpose of Research
The aim of the research is to evaluate factors affecting optimal utilization of business information systems. The research will address, first, how intensity of competition influences business intelligence systems usage, secondly, the extent of sophistication of data infrastructure in affecting the extent of BIA usage, and lastly, the research will investigate how integration of organizational functions affect extensive use of business information systems. The research outcome will help organization to identify areas of improvement for them to maximize use of business intelligence systems.
Innovation Diffusion/Adoption
Companies navigate technology innovation through adoption. They take time to experience new inventions. Learning through assimilation is an enabler that aids in formation of concrete usage background (Marjanovic Olivera et al. 2017). Therefore, several studies have discovered that extensive utilization relies on adoption. An institution will hence take time to get used to Business intelligence technology. Adoption is embraced by the agencies to legitimize and ration resources. This experience helps an entity to plan for resources to be used by the innovations.
Business Intelligence and analytics
Business intelligence entails collection, collating, analysis and interpretation of data from diverse source to form essential insights. The focus of this activity is to create value addition strategies. The main use of Business intelligence analytics is to create dynamic capabilities (Sharda, Ramesh, et al 2017). For instance, IT strategies used by supply chain departments have been discovered to contribute positivel ...
Determinants of knowledge management systems success in the banking industryjaysoncham
Abstract
Purpose – This study aims to examine the impact from technical and social aspects on knowledge
management system (KMS) success. Moreover, this study also attempts to examine the
interrelationships between KMS success and user satisfaction.
Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from the
commercial bank officers to test the proposed KMS success model. All the measurement scales adopted
in this study were adopted from the existing literature. The data collected in this study were analysed
using both SPSS and structural equation modelling approach via AMOS.
Findings – The research results indicate that both technical (knowledge quality, system quality and
service quality) and social factors (user trust and management support) play a significant and positive
role in system user satisfaction. The results also show that user satisfaction have a direct influence on
the success of KMS and vice versa.
Originality/value – This study is one of the few studies on KMS which include both the technical and
social perspectives in examining KMS success. This research study raises the importance of social
factors, which have been earlier neglected by many studies on KMS success models. Moreover, the
interrelationships relationship between KMS success and user satisfaction also been examined in this
study.
Modeling and Application of a Modified Attributional Psychometric Instrument...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that examined the attributional styles of 300 IT managers and professionals using a Modified Attributional Style Questionnaire (MASQ). The MASQ assessed causal attributions for hypothetical positive and negative work-related events. It was found to have good internal reliability. Attributions for positive events were significantly correlated with demographic variables like occupational status and salary, as well as job satisfaction and motivation. This supports previous research finding an optimistic internal attribution style is associated with greater satisfaction and motivation. Factor analysis revealed the MASQ items loaded onto three factors that accounted for over 75% of the variance in responses. Correlation analysis found attributional styles like personal control and externality correlated with higher salaries, while internality
This document describes a study that examined attributions for work-related events using a Modified
Attributional Style Questionnaire (MASQ) administered to 300 IT professionals. The MASQ assessed causal
attributions along dimensions of internality, stability, globality, externality, and personal control. Results
showed the MASQ had satisfactory reliability. Attributions for positive events correlated with job satisfaction
and motivation more than attributions for negative events. This supports prior research linking an optimistic
internal attributional style to satisfaction and motivation.
Information System Success Framework based on Interpersonal Conflict Factors IJECEIAES
Information system success (ISS) has received considerable attention from researchers as it plays an important role in improving the efficiency and productivity of an organization. Several researchers have conducted empirical studies using numerous factors (e.g. organizational, technological, and individual factors) which affect the information system success. However, there are several factors which are related to interpersonal conflict which may affect information system success. The interpersonal conflict is a critical dimension which can greatly influence information system success in a competitive environment such as the financial sector. Therefore, this study introduces a framework to investigate the influence of interpersonal conflict factors on information system success in the Ministry of Finance, Yemen. The study employed a quantitative method which consists of the following steps: survey design, data collection and data analysis. A sample size comprising 130 employees were distributed in the Ministry of Finance, Yemen. Questionnaires were used to collect data from this sample. Data analysis (reliability, validity, correlation and factor analysis) has been carried out using SPSS. In addition, structural equation modelling (SEM) has been used for evaluation the research model. Based on the experimental results, the findings in this study revealed that the interpersonal factors (interference, disagreement and instability) significantly negatively (at 0.05 level of significance) influence user satisfaction of information system success.
A Study of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) In Understanding the Efficacy of...inventionjournals
Global usage of automated system in all fields has remarkably increased in the past decades. To understand the extensive usage of the Information system, the study is undertaken where the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is used to see the extent to which an Information System (IS) is able to make any HR routine activity in the institution to be automated; whereby, the information obtained is effective and reliable. The study undertook in this article focuses on the reliability test in order to test the reliability of the scale and also the correlation test in order to find the rate of correlation between the various components of the TAM model – Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Attitude towards change (ATU) and Behavioral Intention towards use (BIU). The study indicated that the null hypothesis is accepted where there is significant positive change in the Perceived Ease of Use, Attitude of the User and the Behavioral intention of the user towards using the HRIS tool in any organization. This led to understanding from the study that there is a very high rate of effectiveness in the usage of HRIS tool in any institutions using, which is proved using the TAM model.
E-GOVERNANCE ADOPTION IN GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION OF INDIAijmpict
India, the growing economic super-power proceeded with lightning speed towards the adoption and successful implementation of e-governance. The Government of West Bengal (federal unit of India) implemented e-governance in pension office i.e. Pension Management System (PMS), for faster and efficient delivery of public services. The success of PMS is dependent on many factors and one among them is the successful adoption by the employee which has been empirically analyzed. The study used the
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Trust to build a conceptual model. Data collected from 60 employees working on the system and the model is assessed with regression analyses. The findings show that the determinants of the research model are support. The study also shows that the system doesn’t perform completely error free tasks which the Government of West Bengal should address. This is the first study of employee adoption of e-governance in pension office of India.
Analysis of the User Acceptance for Implementing ISO/IEC 27001:2005 in Turkis...IJMIT JOURNAL
This study aims to develop a model for the user acceptance for implementing the information security standard (i.e. ISO 27001) in Turkish public organizations. The results of the surveys performed in Turkey reveal that the legislation on information security public which organizations have to obey is significantly related with the user acceptance during ISO 27001 implementation process. The fundamental components of our user acceptance model are perceived usefulness, attitude towards use, social norms, and performance expectancy.
GM502 Leadership Theory and Practice I 1 A.docxaryan532920
GM502 | Leadership Theory and Practice I
1
Assignment Rubric
Unit 2 Assignment: The Leadership Challenge – Leadership Credibility
This Assignment will assess your knowledge based on the following outcome:
GM502-2: Develop leadership practice through the application and integration of leadership theory.
Kouzes, and Posner (2012) state “What people most look for in a leader (a person they would be willing to
follow) has been constant over time,” and cite these characteristics as:
Honest
Forward-looking
Inspiring
Competent
(Kouzes & Posner, 2012).
Using the Kouzes & Posner, and Northouse readings in a 4–5 page APA compliant paper you will:
1. Provide an overview of the four characteristics described in Kouzes and Posner.
2. Determine if these characteristics are indicative of the skills or trait approach as described in Northouse.
3. Provide at least one example of a leader you have known or have identified through research that has
demonstrated these characteristics. Include detail on how this leader used these characteristics to increase the
effectiveness of the organization.
4. Identify the trait or characteristic that resonates with you the most. Then provide a detailed action plan on how you
will incorporate this trait or characteristic into your own leadership practice.
Reference
Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2012). The leadership challenge (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Wiley.
Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership theory and practice (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Review the grading Rubric below before beginning this Assignment.
Directions for Submitting your Assignment
Compose your Assignment in a Microsoft Word document and save it as Username-GM502 Assignment-
Unit#.doc (Example: TAllen- GM502 Assignment-Unit 2.doc). Submit your file by selecting the Unit 2:
Assignment in the Dropbox by the end of Unit 2.
GM502 | Leadership Theory and Practice I
2
GM502 Unit 2 Assignment: The Leadership Challenge –
Leadership Credibility
Point
Value
Your
Score
Content (50 points)
● Provide an overview of the four characteristics described in
Kouzes and Posner.
● Determine if these characteristics are indicative of the skills or
trait approach as described in Northouse.
25
● Identify a leader that you have known or have identified through
research that has demonstrated these characteristics.
● Cite examples of what this leader has done to support your
choice.
● Identify the trait or characteristic that resonates with you the most.
● Provide a detailed action plan on how you will incorporate this
trait or characteristic into your own leadership practice. Be sure to
include specifics on how you will incorporate this skill/trait and
how you will measure its effectiveness and results.
25
Analysis (30 points)
Work demonstrates synthesis of concepts, research, and experience. 10
Work demonstrates the student’s ability to tie ...
PAD3711 Chapter 3 due May 22Part 1- essay assignment APA format.docxhoney690131
PAD3711 Chapter 3 due May 22
Part 1- essay assignment APA format
After reading Chapters 3 in the textbook prepare a 200 word response to the conclusion of Chapter 3 which states “Failure to become engaged and knowledgeable about internal politics can undermine the efficacy of information managers. ‘There’ are cases where managers with good technical skills lost their jobs due to their failure to master organizational politics. Information managers need to negotiate, bargain, dicker, and haggle with other departments. They may need to form coalitions and engage in logrolling in order to achieve their goals. A good manager needs good political skills to be effective.”Place the essay questions along with your answers on 1 page word doc
Part 2-Research Assignment APA format
Research Assignment: Using the article you used in week one- recognizes and analyzes applications of information technology in the public sector as it applies to the core public safety disciplines (law enforcement, fire services, EMS). For this article prepare a summary paper as follows:
Page One Article Title: List the article publication information using APA style for reference list citations, “e.g. Smith, N (2005). Information technology in the public sector. Technology and Public Administration Journal, 12(3), 125-136.”
Page Two Evaluation (must be at least 100 words): Using the article you summarized for Week One, critique the article's thesis (or hypotheses), methodology, evidence, logic, and conclusions from your perspective on the problem. Be constructively critical, suggesting how the research could be better or more useful. Be sure to cite other scholarly articles, by way of comparison and contrast, in support of your critique
The article I used in week one is attached along with the research paper that was turned in
here is the citation
Henderson, J. C., & Schilling, D. A. (1985). Design and Implementation of Decision Support Systems in the Public Sector. MIS Quarterly, 9(2), 157–169. https://doi-org.db07.linccweb.org/10.2307/249116
Professor puts all assignments in Turnitin
Both assignments must meet this grading criteria:
· This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeRESPONSIVENESS (Did the student respond adequately to the paper or writing assignment?)
· Responds to assigned or selected topic; Goes beyond what is required in some meaningful way (e.g., ideas contribute a new dimension to what we know about the topic, unearths something unanticipated); Is substantive and evidence-based; Demonstrates that the student has read, viewed, and considered the Learning Resources in the course and that the assignment answer/paper topic connects in a meaningful way to the course content; and Is submitted by the due date.
· This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCONTENT KNOWLEDGE (Does the content in the paper or writing assignment demonstrate an understanding of the important knowledge the paper/assignment is intended to demonstrate?)
· In-depth understandi.
PAD3711 Chapter 3 due May 22Part 1- essay assignment APA format.docxaman341480
This document outlines two assignments for a public administration course. The first is a 200-word essay responding to a quote about the importance of understanding organizational politics for information managers. The second is a research paper summarizing an article about information technology in the public sector and critiquing its methodology, evidence, and conclusions. The document provides guidelines for formatting, length, and criteria for evaluation, including responsiveness to the topic, demonstration of content knowledge, and originality. Students must submit both assignments by the due date in APA format through Turnitin.
The document discusses the importance of information governance (IG) in healthcare based on studies conducted by Cohasset Associates and AHIMA. It defines IG as an organization-wide framework for managing information throughout its lifecycle while supporting organizational strategy, operations, and regulatory requirements. The definition covers policy creation, information accountability and management, processes and controls, and the importance of investment. IG implementation means more rules and redundancy, but compliance, quality improvement, IT, and other departments should continue their existing functions and also complete IG tasks as needed.
Financial Management Information System within Government Institution and Sup...sececonf
The provision of comprehensive financial
information by the government institution is needed by
the wider community to boost the effectiveness of the
information to the society and government, and
decision-making. This system produces information that
is able to encourage the realization of a clean,
transparent, and able government to respond to
changing demands effectively. Therefore, the success of
the information system if the users are successful in the
model of acceptance of the systems and information
technology and it would be improving their
performance. This research aims to examine the
acceptance of regional financial information systems in
government using the Technology Acceptance Model
(TAM) and evidence of its influence on the
performance. The study found 556 respondents who are
civil servants in Lampung Province. The finding using
SEM analysis shows that all constructs have an effect in
conformity with the concept of TAM in a government
institution. This study reveals that all variables which
include the model of TAM theory have a positive impact
on the user's performance. It also improvesthe
effectiveness of the information system within the
government institution, especially the implementation of
the financial management information system.
Keywords-Financial Management Information System,
supply chain strategy, Technology Acceptance Model
(TAM), User’s Performance
The document discusses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and its viability for determining acceptance of e-learning technologies in higher education institutions. TAM identifies perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as key factors influencing attitudes toward and use of new technologies. The document reviews literature on TAM and its constructs. It also presents two case studies that applied TAM to evaluate student acceptance of online technologies for communication and public relations courses. Both case studies found TAM to be an effective model for predicting technology use.
EFFECTIVENESS OF E-RKAP SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION WITH HUMAN, ORGANIZING, TECHNOL...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study aims to test and prove the influence of human, organizing and technology on the
effectiveness of the E-RKAP system. The hypotheses of this study are System Use affects the Effectiveness of the
E-RKAP System, User Satisfaction affects the Effectiveness of the E-RKAP System, Structural affects the
Effectiveness of the E-RKAP System, Environment affects the Effectiveness of the E-RKAPSystem, System
Quality affects the Effectiveness of the E-RKAP System, Information Quality affects the Effectiveness of the ERKAP System, Service Quality affects the Effectiveness of the E-RKAP System. The population of this study
were company employees. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling which obtained a
sample of 90 people. This study shows that system use, use satisfaction, structure, environment, information
quality and service quality have no influence on the effectiveness of the E-RKAP system. System quality has an
influence on the effectiveness of the E-RKAP system.
KEYWORDS : Effectiveness, E-RKAP system, HOT Fit.
System Dynamics Modeling for IntellectualDisability Services.docxmabelf3
System Dynamics Modeling for Intellectual
Disability Services: A Case Studyjppi_342 112..119
Meri Duryan*,†, Dragan Nikolik‡, Godefridus van Merode§, and Leopold Curfs*,§
*Gouverneur Kremers Centrum; †University of Maastricht; ‡Maastricht School of Management; and §Maastricht University Medical
Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Abstract Organizations providing services to persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) are complex because of many interacting
stakeholders with often different and competing interests. The combination of increased consumer demand and diminished resources
makes organizational planning a challenge for the managers of such organizations. Such challenges are confounded by significant
demands for the optimization of resources and the goal to reduce expenses and to more effectively and efficiently use existing
resources while at the same time providing high quality services. The authors explore the possibilities of using “system dynamics
modelling” in organizational decision-making processes related to resource allocations. System dynamics suggests the application of
generic systems archetypes as a first step in interpreting complex situations in an organization. The authors illustrate the application
of this method via a case study in one provider organization in the Netherlands. The authors contend that such a modeling approach
can be used by the management of similar organizations serving people with ID as a tool to support decision making that can result
in optimal resource allocation.
Keywords: allocation of resources, intellectual disabilities, system dynamics modeling, systems thinking, waiting lists
INTRODUCTION
Healthcare organizations are complex entities as they have
multiple stakeholders with often conflicting objectives and goals
(Drucker, 1993). Provider organizations specializing in intellec-
tual disabilities (ID) are also complex because of the nature of the
care and supports they provide and how they are organized. Some
of the complexities relate to the difficulties that adults with ID
might have in expressing themselves. Moreover, the specifics of
the care often require a deeper involvement of carers with respect
to their relationships with families and other sectors of society.
Because of their complexity, ID provider organizations, com-
pared with healthcare providers, often require a higher level of
resource planning, collaboration, and cooperation among social,
health, and education services, mental health services, and other
sectors (WHO, 2010).
To manage the complexities and challenges ID provider orga-
nizations face, managers need to analyze and understand complex
interdependencies among the systems with which they are dealing.
In order to achieve that, ID provider managers need to examine
and shift their mental models regarding their role in managing
the organization and in establishing relationships with all the
stakeholders involved. However, as Forrester (1980) has noted,
traditiona.
Preliminary Research on Adoption and Diffusion Model of SMEs E-Learning in Th...www.nbtc.go.th
Preliminary Research on Adoption
and Diffusion Model of SMEs
E-Learning in Thailand
Noppadol Tiamnara
Office of the National Broadcasting
and Telecommunications Commission, Thailand
The contribution of SMEs to
economic growth is widely recognized and
Thailand is one of the countries where
SMEs have always played a primary role in
digital economy environment. This paper is
a research-in-progress which aims to
construct a conceptual framework to
understand adoption and diffusion of
e-learning among small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. Various
models of technology acceptance and
adoption are reviewed in this research to
analyze and apply for developing the
conceptual framework of the research. The
future work of the research is explained.
The results of the research in this paper will
provide recommendations to support SMEs
to utilize e-learning to foster the economic
impacts to the country. Analysis in this
research is based on quantitative approach.
Reference
http://www.ijcim.th.org/SpecialEditions/v23nSP2/02_25A_Preliminary.pdf
Similar to The Role of Organizational and Individual Factors in Knowledge Management System Acceptance (20)
Square transposition: an approach to the transposition process in block cipherjournalBEEI
The transposition process is needed in cryptography to create a diffusion effect on data encryption standard (DES) and advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithms as standard information security algorithms by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The problem with DES and AES algorithms is that their transposition index values form patterns and do not form random values. This condition will certainly make it easier for a cryptanalyst to look for a relationship between ciphertexts because some processes are predictable. This research designs a transposition algorithm called square transposition. Each process uses square 8 × 8 as a place to insert and retrieve 64-bits. The determination of the pairing of the input scheme and the retrieval scheme that have unequal flow is an important factor in producing a good transposition. The square transposition can generate random and non-pattern indices so that transposition can be done better than DES and AES.
Hyper-parameter optimization of convolutional neural network based on particl...journalBEEI
The document proposes using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the hyperparameters of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for image classification. The PSO algorithm is used to find optimal values for CNN hyperparameters like the number and size of convolutional filters. In experiments on the MNIST handwritten digit dataset, the optimized CNN achieved a testing error rate of 0.87%, which is competitive with state-of-the-art models. The proposed approach finds optimized CNN architectures automatically without requiring manual design or encoding strategies during training.
Supervised machine learning based liver disease prediction approach with LASS...journalBEEI
In this contemporary era, the uses of machine learning techniques are increasing rapidly in the field of medical science for detecting various diseases such as liver disease (LD). Around the globe, a large number of people die because of this deadly disease. By diagnosing the disease in a primary stage, early treatment can be helpful to cure the patient. In this research paper, a method is proposed to diagnose the LD using supervised machine learning classification algorithms, namely logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, KNN, linear discriminant analysis, gradient boosting and support vector machine (SVM). We also deployed a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) feature selection technique on our taken dataset to suggest the most highly correlated attributes of LD. The predictions with 10 fold cross-validation (CV) made by the algorithms are tested in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, precision and f1-score values to forecast the disease. It is observed that the decision tree algorithm has the best performance score where accuracy, precision, sensitivity and f1-score values are 94.295%, 92%, 99% and 96% respectively with the inclusion of LASSO. Furthermore, a comparison with recent studies is shown to prove the significance of the proposed system.
A secure and energy saving protocol for wireless sensor networksjournalBEEI
The research domain for wireless sensor networks (WSN) has been extensively conducted due to innovative technologies and research directions that have come up addressing the usability of WSN under various schemes. This domain permits dependable tracking of a diversity of environments for both military and civil applications. The key management mechanism is a primary protocol for keeping the privacy and confidentiality of the data transmitted among different sensor nodes in WSNs. Since node's size is small; they are intrinsically limited by inadequate resources such as battery life-time and memory capacity. The proposed secure and energy saving protocol (SESP) for wireless sensor networks) has a significant impact on the overall network life-time and energy dissipation. To encrypt sent messsages, the SESP uses the public-key cryptography’s concept. It depends on sensor nodes' identities (IDs) to prevent the messages repeated; making security goals- authentication, confidentiality, integrity, availability, and freshness to be achieved. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed approach produced better energy consumption and network life-time compared to LEACH protocol; sensors are dead after 900 rounds in the proposed SESP protocol. While, in the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) scheme, the sensors are dead after 750 rounds.
Plant leaf identification system using convolutional neural networkjournalBEEI
This paper proposes a leaf identification system using convolutional neural network (CNN). This proposed system can identify five types of local Malaysia leaf which were acacia, papaya, cherry, mango and rambutan. By using CNN from deep learning, the network is trained from the database that acquired from leaf images captured by mobile phone for image classification. ResNet-50 was the architecture has been used for neural networks image classification and training the network for leaf identification. The recognition of photographs leaves requested several numbers of steps, starting with image pre-processing, feature extraction, plant identification, matching and testing, and finally extracting the results achieved in MATLAB. Testing sets of the system consists of 3 types of images which were white background, and noise added and random background images. Finally, interfaces for the leaf identification system have developed as the end software product using MATLAB app designer. As a result, the accuracy achieved for each training sets on five leaf classes are recorded above 98%, thus recognition process was successfully implemented.
Customized moodle-based learning management system for socially disadvantaged...journalBEEI
This study aims to develop Moodle-based LMS with customized learning content and modified user interface to facilitate pedagogical processes during covid-19 pandemic and investigate how teachers of socially disadvantaged schools perceived usability and technology acceptance. Co-design process was conducted with two activities: 1) need assessment phase using an online survey and interview session with the teachers and 2) the development phase of the LMS. The system was evaluated by 30 teachers from socially disadvantaged schools for relevance to their distance learning activities. We employed computer software usability questionnaire (CSUQ) to measure perceived usability and the technology acceptance model (TAM) with insertion of 3 original variables (i.e., perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use) and 5 external variables (i.e., attitude toward the system, perceived interaction, self-efficacy, user interface design, and course design). The average CSUQ rating exceeded 5.0 of 7 point-scale, indicated that teachers agreed that the information quality, interaction quality, and user interface quality were clear and easy to understand. TAM results concluded that the LMS design was judged to be usable, interactive, and well-developed. Teachers reported an effective user interface that allows effective teaching operations and lead to the system adoption in immediate time.
Understanding the role of individual learner in adaptive and personalized e-l...journalBEEI
Dynamic learning environment has emerged as a powerful platform in a modern e-learning system. The learning situation that constantly changing has forced the learning platform to adapt and personalize its learning resources for students. Evidence suggested that adaptation and personalization of e-learning systems (APLS) can be achieved by utilizing learner modeling, domain modeling, and instructional modeling. In the literature of APLS, questions have been raised about the role of individual characteristics that are relevant for adaptation. With several options, a new problem has been raised where the attributes of students in APLS often overlap and are not related between studies. Therefore, this study proposed a list of learner model attributes in dynamic learning to support adaptation and personalization. The study was conducted by exploring concepts from the literature selected based on the best criteria. Then, we described the results of important concepts in student modeling and provided definitions and examples of data values that researchers have used. Besides, we also discussed the implementation of the selected learner model in providing adaptation in dynamic learning.
Prototype mobile contactless transaction system in traditional markets to sup...journalBEEI
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2) The system allows sellers and buyers in traditional markets to conduct fast, secure transactions via smartphones without direct cash exchange. Buyers scan sellers' QR codes to view product details and make e-wallet payments.
3) Testing showed the system's functions worked properly and users found it easy to use and useful for supporting contactless transactions and digital transformation of traditional markets. However, further development is needed to increase trust in digital payments for users unfamiliar with the technology.
Wireless HART stack using multiprocessor technique with laxity algorithmjournalBEEI
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The Role of Organizational and Individual Factors in Knowledge Management System Acceptance
1. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
ISSN: 2302-9285
Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2017, pp. 188~200, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v6i2.606 188
Received February 23, 2017; Revised April 24, 2017; Accepted May 8, 2017
The Role of Organizational and Individual Factors in
Knowledge Management System Acceptance
Setiawan Assegaff*
Program Magister Sistem Informasi, STIKOM Dinamika Bangsa
Jl. Jend. Sudirman, Thehok, Jambi, 36138, Indonesia
*Corresponding author, e-mail: setiawanassegaff@stikom-db.ac.id
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigates the how individual and organizational factors influence
people behavior in using knowledge management. This research applied Technology Acceptance Model
(TAM) as a basis theory; TAM was enriched with individual and organizational factors for this study. A
survey approach was conducted for data collection. Three of institutions in Banking Sector at Indonesia
were invited to join this study and 215 knowledge workers were participated for the survey. Data from
survey were analyzed through Structural Equations Model (SEM) using PLS (Partial Least Square) V2.
The conclusion specify that „„individual elements‟‟ and „„organizational elements‟‟ are the significantly affect
people behavior in KMS acceptance factors that influence knowledge worker behavior in knowledge
sharing. However this study not found relationship between individual and organization factors and
“perceived ease of use” construct with people behavior in accept KMS.
Keywords: knowledge management system, technology acceptance, people behavior, individual factor,
organizational factor
1. Introduction
Fast growing in Information Technology development has brought many benefits in
support organization in manage their knowledge more effectively. Information Technology
brings opportunity for the organization by providing various feature and ability in manage their
knowledge [1]. The use of Information Technology to support Knowledge Management (KM)
process is recognizing as Knowledge Management System (KMS). Todays, implementation of
KMS has been considered a fundamental part of the KM projects [2]. It is believed that KMS
give immense opportunities to break down barriers by making the information presented at
every level and units in organization hence it will help to enhance organization becomes more
effective [3]. There some example of Information Technology that could support Knowledge
Management activities, such as a groupware, groupware is an application that develops to
facilitate collaboration and sharing of knowledge among people in the community. Content
Management Systems (CMS), this application could use to help people in creating the content
and documents in the web system. Electronic Learning is developing to help the organization to
conduct training and/or education using information technology. Video conference; this
technology enables a member of one organization could conduct a virtual meeting with other
company in remote location support by the internet [1].
Although Information Technology provides many values for KM in the organization,
however, KM, in fact, is not all about Information Technology [4]. Previous research found the
barriers in using KMS is not much about technology but it more about people and culture [4-6].
Research in KM and KMS has identified the main barriers in KM is not related with the
Information Technology itself, however study in this area reveals that people/user behavior is
became the main problem in KM/KMS project success [7]. People are playing a vital role in
KMS project; this is because people are the main actor in KM. People are actor that has the
knowledge and they are also the actor who will contribute and receive the knowledge. IT is an
enabler that would help people in contribute and receive the organizational knowledge. It is
become critical for organization which develop KM to understand the reason why people use or
not use the KMS. The interesting fact about using KMS is when people using the KMS (as
tool/technology) he/she not only accepts the technology itself, but in the same time he/she also
2. Bulletin of EEI ISSN: 2302-9285
The Role of Organizational and Individual Factors in Knowledge… (Setiawan Assegaff)
189
need to agrees to contribute or receive knowledge (known as Knowledge Sharing/KS). KS as
the main activities in KM was influence by what she/he believe related with the KS. Cabrera and
Cabrera [8] studies in KS explain people will do KS if they get maximal benefit from KS and
provide minimal effort for KS. In accept KS people will consider what benefit and cost they have
when conduct KS [9]. Some people conduct KS because of external driven and others because
of internal driven, external motivation such as financial and nonfinancial reward and reciprocity
is one of example from internal motivation [10].
In organizational context, people behavior is much influence by organization culture and
policy [11]. When organization is able to create appropriate organization culture, people as
member of organization will tend to have behavior according the organization culture [5]. In KM
initiation, organization needs to pay attention and provide more effort to support the KM, by
focus in develop an effective strategy [12] that brought a conductive environment with positive
culture that will encourages people in doing KS [13]. With focus on people and organization
factor, we argue organization could have better understanding in why people accept the KMS in
KM initiation [14]. Better understanding in KMS acceptance is important for KM success;
researches related in KMS acceptance argue that KMS acceptance became one of prominent
agenda research in KMS area [2], [15-16]. In this research, we would like to contribute in
making better understand why people are accepting and not accept the KMS. Our study focus
to investigate factors influences people behavior in KMS acceptance both from individual and
organizational factor. We applying TAM as a basis theory, we also consider both individual and
organization factor to be investigated.
Our article outline describes as follow; the first section would describe introduction and
the related study. The second section presents theoretical framework and hypotheses
development for this study. The third section explains the research method. The last section we
will provide data analysis, result, and discussion.
2. Theory and Hypotheses Development
2.1.Theory Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
This study using the Theory Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the basic
reference in resolving the issues raise in this study. TAM is one design that is constructed to
evaluate as well as comprehend the variables that affect the approval of using computer
technology which was initially introduced by Fred Davis in 1986. TAM is the outcome of the
growth of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), which initially established by Fishbein and also
Ajzen on 1980. TAM aims to discuss as well as predict the function (acceptance) customers
versus an information system. TAM gives an academic basis to establish the factors that
influence the acceptance of the modern technology within a company. TAM clarifies the causal
connection between confidence (the advantages of a system of information and also the
simplicity of use) and actions, purposes, and also the actual use the individual/ user of an
information system.
TAM model, in reality, is taken from the model TRA, it is the principles of reasoned
action by using the hypothesis that the reactions and one's perception of things, it will certainly
determine the mindset and also the behavior of the person. Responses, as well as
understandings of users to Information Technology (IT), will certainly impact its perspective in
the approval of these modern technologies. Among the elements that could affect it is the user's
understanding of the effectiveness and also simplicity by the utilization of IT because an act that
is reasonable in the connection to concerning modern technology, so the factor someone
discover the benefits and also simplicity of use of IT making the activity/behavior of people such
as standards in the approval of a technology.
Figure 1. TAM model
3. ISSN: 2302-9285
Bulletin of EEI Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2017 : 188 – 200
190
The studies which applied in this theory have been proven that this theory is able to
explain and predict the behavior and the good intentions of a person's actual behavior.
Researchers generally collaborate on this theory with other theories or add other relevant
factors to be explored in connection with this theory can provide a better explanation of human
behavior. In connection with the adoption of research in the field of KMS Acceptance then factor
"Individual" and "Organizational" is regarded as a critical factor that must be considered to
understand. Several studies which are evaluating the impact of factors "Individual" and
"Organizational" in conjunction with the adoption of mobile KMS Acceptance [17-20].
2.2.Development of Research Model and Hypotheses
The following picture shows the relationship between variables in this study. The
research model consists of six variables in Figure 2. There are three independent variables and
three dependent variables. Four clusters of constructs such as external factors (consist of an
individual and organizational factor), user belief (consist of perceived benefit and effort), social
influences and KMS acceptance. The operational definition of each construct explains in Table
1. We conduct eight hypotheses; the hypotheses have been grouped under individual factors,
organizational factors, and perceived benefit, perceived effort, social influences and
KMS acceptance.
Figure 2. Research model
Table 1. Operational Definition of Variables
Factor Definition Number of Indicators References
Individual
factors
Individual factors are the role of individual
difference (a role with regard to technology,
tenure in the workforce, prior experiences
and participation in training
Five indicators for individual
factors have adapted from a
previous study.
[2], [21-28]
Organizatio
nal Factors
Organizational factors are related to
knowledge infrastructure capability
(technology, structure, and culture) along
with knowledge process capability
(acquisition, conversion, application and
protection) which is essential organization
capabilities and a precondition for effective
knowledge management
We adapted elephant
indicator from previous
studies to measure our
organizational factors.
[2], [15], [24-
25], [29-34]
Perceived
Benefit
Perceived benefit is the degree to which an
individual finds using and contributing in
KMS give benefit and useful.
Eight indicators have been
adapted for these studies
[2], [15], [23-
24], [26-27],
[30-31], 34-40]
Perceived
Effort
Perceived benefit is the degree to which an
individual finds using and contributing in
KMS free of effort and or cost.
We adapted eight indicators
to measure perceived effort in
this study
[2], [15], [23-
24], [26-27],
[30-31], [34-40]
Social
Influences
Social Influences is an individual's
perception that most people who are notable
to the individual think he or she should or
should not use the KMS
Three indicators have been
adapted for this study
[25, 41].
KMS
Acceptance
KMS Acceptance is the decision to using or
using the KMS
We adapted eight indicators
to measure KMS acceptance
construct in this study
[2], [15], [23-
24], [26-27],
[30-31], [34-40]
4. Bulletin of EEI ISSN: 2302-9285
The Role of Organizational and Individual Factors in Knowledge… (Setiawan Assegaff)
191
2.3. Individual Factor
Past studies [2], [21], [25], [28] specify that the end/individual/user characteristic
„different are decisive aspects in describing/forecasting the technology acceptance.
Furthermore, Davis (1989) in technology acceptance model recommends that external variables
such as individual variables will influences system acceptance by affecting perceived
usefulness. External factors are substantiated to have a direct impact on PU. External factors
may include system feature, training, document support consultations [24]. External factor
provides “the bridge between the internal beliefs, attitude, and intention represented in TAM and
the various individual different situation constrains and managerially controllable intervention
impinging on behavior [24]. Furthermore, a study by Agarwal and Prasad (1999) found that
individual different have influenced individual belief (in this context PB and PE) in technology
acceptance. Our propose hypotheses for individual factors are:
H1: Individual Factor will have a direct impact to Benefit of using KMS
H2: Individual Factor will have a direct impact to Effort of using KMS
2.4. Organizational Factor
Previous studies [2], [42] reveals that organizational aspects have an influences people
in the acceptance of the technology. Relevant with that, Davis [24] suggests that in the
technology acceptance model, the external factors such as individual factors will influences
knowledge management system acceptance by impact to perceived usefulness factors.
External factors are substantiated to have a direct impact on Perceived Usefulness. External
factors could consist of system feature, training, document support consultations [24]. External
factor provides “the bridge between the internal beliefs, attitude, and intention represented in
TAM and the various individual different situation constrains and managerially controllable
intervention impinging on behavior [24]. Our propose hypotheses for organizational factors are:
H3: Organizational Factors will have a direct impact to Effort of using KMS
H4: Organizational Factors will have a direct impact to Benefit of using KMS
2.5.Perceived Benefit
Perceived Benefit construct is modified from Perceived Usefulness construct of TAM
[24]. Perceived Usefulness (PU) is a fundamental determinant of user acceptance of an
information system. PU defined as “degree to which person believes that using a particular
system would enhance his or her job performance [23]. Relevant with another IT acceptance
researchers in other area, studies in KMS acceptance survey also found that perceived
usefulness is a “crucial factor” of someone purpose to take advantage of KMS [2], [15], [23-24],
[26-27], [30-31], [34-40] In addition TAM postulates PU is assigned by PEOU as well as external
variable. Our propose hypotheses for perceived benefit is:
H5: Benefit will have a direct impact to KMS Acceptance
2.6. Perceived Effort
Perceived Effort was modified from original Perceived Ease of Use in TAM [24]. In TAM
PEOU is one of the fundamental determinants of user acceptance of information system [2],
[15], [23-24], [26-27], [30-31], [34-40]. PEOU postulated to have a direct impact as well as
indirect on behavioral intention trough PU. TAM posits PU are specified by PEOU and external
variable. PEOU is postulate having a direct impact on PU. Our propose hypotheses for
perceived effort are:
H6: Effort will have a direct impact on benefit of using KMS
H7: Effort will have a direct impact to KMS Acceptance
2.7. Social Influences
We refer to Fulk et al. 1990 for social influences model in this research. This concept
argues that people behavior will influence with other people who are important to him/her/If the
important people suggest he/she to do so, he/she will perform the action. Previous research
found social influences have a direct effect on individual intention to use [2], [25-26], [42-43].
Our propose hypotheses for social influences are:
H8: Social Influence will have a direct impact to Benefit of using KM
5. ISSN: 2302-9285
Bulletin of EEI Vol. 6, No. 2, June 2017 : 188 – 200
192
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Sample
Indonesia banking institution was selected for the survey setting. We invited the banks
which have implemented Knowledge Management System. Five hundred questionnaires were
distributed to the employees of selected Bank. Data was collected from the middle of
September 2015 to early November 2015. To increase the responses rate, a reminder message
was sent out two weeks after and respondents who return the questionnaire were given a
souvenir [44]. There were two hundred and twenty questionnaires was return, and two hundred
and fifteen questionnaire was valid. The final sample size is 215 subjects, and the reply rate
ranges from 10% to 43% with an average reply rate of 25%.
The respondent comprised of 63% male and 37 % female. 37% of respondent were in
group 31 to 35, 26% in 36 to 40, 16% in 41 to 45 and 14 % in group younger than 30. 62% of
the respondent were holding the staff position, 10% were assistant manager and manager and
10% were supervisors. 73% of the respondent holds a bachelor degree, 24% having a master
degree, 2% associate degree and 1% having a high school degree. 47% having years
experiences for 2 to 5, 29% for 6 to 10, and 13% 11 to 15, 1% for 16 to 20 and 20 or more, and
8% for less than 1 year. Distribution of respondent base by the organization was as following:
17% from Bank A, 49% from Bank B and 34% from Bank C. The description of profile
respondent listed in Table 2.
Table 2. Respondent Profile
Information Categories Number Percent
Gender
Male 135 63 (%)
Female 80 37 (%)
Organization
Bank A 36 17 (%)
Bank B 105 49 (%)
Bank C 74 34 (%)
Age Group
31-35 79 37 (%)
36-40 62 26 (%)
41-45 34 16 (%)
45-50 9 4 (%)
51or older 1 1 (%)
30 or younger 30 14 (%)
Rank of Position
Assistant Manager 21 10 (%)
Manager 22 10 (%)
Staff 133 62 (%)
Supervisor 39 18 (%)
Education
High School 1 1 (%)
Associate Degree 5 2 (%)
Bachelor Degree 157 73 (%)
Master Degree 51 24 (%)
Years of Experiences
Less than 1 years 18 8 (%)
2 until 5 years 102 47 (%)
6 until 10 years 62 29 (%)
11 until 15 years 28 13 (%)
16 until 20 years 3 1 (%)
More than 20 years 1 1 (%)
3.2.Technical Analysis
This research applied PLS for data analysis using Smart PLS V2 software. There are
two main stages in data analysis; the first stage is conducted an evaluation of "measurement
model”. The second stage is conducted the structural model evaluation. The aim of
measurement model evaluation is to ensure that the research instrument developed in this
study met the criteria that have been determined for quantitative study. The structural model
evaluation is conduct to test the research hypotheses.
4. Results and Discussion
The stages of the validation of the instrument are through a series of statistical
evaluation. This part intends to make sure that the research study tool established in this study
6. Bulletin of EEI ISSN: 2302-9285
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193
satisfied the requirement that has actually been identified in a quantitative study. In quantitative
research, the validity and reliability to a research instrument is a task that needs to conduct.
4.1. Instrument Measurement
This study conducts three approaches of pre-testing such as face validity, content
validity, and pilot study [45-46]. Information related the step of pretest explain below. The first
stage in instrument validation is face validation. The aim of this stage is to get the feedback from
expert in term of questionnaire content and design. Two expert in this filed were invited to
provide feedback. The inputs from expert are use in improving the design. Several modifications
were made to the wording and scaling of certain question.
After conduct face validation, this study performs content validation. Content validation
is conduct with reviewing all of items on the questionnaire to make sure whether the
questionnaire cover the overall topic in this study [47]. This type of validation is often the most
powerful validation in developing new questionnaire. We invite three of experts to conduct our
content validity. The experts are experiences as consultant in knowledge management. They
have more than ten years in implementing Knowledge management in many organizations at
Indonesia. Content validity conducts by review the items for construct using a scale to evaluate
all of items. There are some method that could apply in evaluate degree of agreement regarding
the content relevant of an instrument have been proposed. For this study one approach that
recommended for several decades is apply. This method involving having a team of experts
indicates where each item on the scale is relevant to the construct, computing the percentage of
items deemed to be relevant for each expert, and then taking the average of the percentages
across experts [47]. Average of percentages across expert known as ACP (average congruency
percentage); if ACP is 90 percent or higher would be consider acceptable [47]. We created a list
of all that items in the questionnaire to validate and check by expert‟s team. The items were
grouping in their variable. Expert was asked to rate each scale of item. We provide 4 point scale
base on Davis (1992); 1=not relevant, 2=somewhat relevant, 3=quite relevant, 4=highly
relevant. The result showed all items in the questionnaire have ACP higher than 90%.
The next step is perform pilot study, by conduct pilot study it is could increase reliability
of measures [48]. This research conduct a pilot study conducted by ten KM Consultant
employees. The objective of the study was to ensure that the survey instrument is clear and
concise, to ass‟s time require completing the questionnaire and that the measurement items
reveal their intended meaning. The pilot participants were asked to read the cover letter,
complete the survey, and provide feedback, as well as overall reaction to the survey based on
their experiences. Feedback was used to make the necessary adjustment to improve the
questionnaire
4.2.Validity and Reliability Test
This study perform construct validity for evaluate the validity of the instrument. The aim
of these activities is to make sure the instrument meet the criteria. Construct validity of the
measures was evaluated regards to convergent validity and discriminant validity. The
convergent validity of the procedure is specified as the level to which a collection of items merge
consistently to determine a specific concept. It can be determined by using the variable
loadings, composite reliability (CR) and also average variance extracted (AVE) standards [49].
To develop that, we analyzed the items‟ variable loadings and cross loadings to recognize if
there are issues pertaining to some items. The cutoff value of 0.5, as recommended by [49],
was used to assess the goodness of items‟ loadings. Result from Smart PLS indicated that all
items were got acceptable not including items KA 5 (0.42), KA 6 (0.49), KA 8 (0.41) and SI3
(0.2) have loading values less than 0.50. Next these items were reduced from more evaluations
just to increase their item reliability. Therefore, the composite reliability was verified as
significant factors of convergent validity. The composite reliability relates to the level to which a
set of items shows consistently the latent construct [49]. As shown in Table 4, the composite
reliability has specified limit from 0.884 to 0.954 that more than the recommended value of 0.7
thus represent an enough convergent validity [50, 51]. Furthermore, the average variance
extracted (AVE) that relates to the average variance extracted among a set of items, was
analyzed. Actually, AVE can be utilized to measure the variance captured by the indicators with
the variance assignable to the measurement errors. As recommended by Barclay et al. (1995),
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values of AVE higher than 0.5 show that the set of items has an enough convergence in
determining the concern construct [52].
According to the final outcome of PLS Algorithm, from six construct have AVE value
less than 0.5. Effort has AVE value 0.43 while Organizational Factor has value 0.37. In order to
increase AVE value we drop the items which have lowest loading value in each construct one
by one. From effort construct item E7 (0.51) is found to be the lowest loading value among
others. After drop E7 item, we check again AVE value for effort construct. Because AVE value
was still below 0.5, than we dropped the others item in effort construct E8 (0.47). Last AVE to
effort increase after drop items E7 and E8 became 0.53. Next, we do some procedure for
organizational variables construct. First item OG7 (0.53) as the lowest loading value among
others were identified, and we drop it. Because AVE value for organizational factors was still not
acceptable, then we dropped other items, OG11 (0.58), OG6 (0.56), OG10 (0.59), OG9 (0.54),
and OG8 (0.53). After we drop the items from the model, AVE value for organizational factors
increase became 0.52, and it was acceptable. Then model was retested and found have
acceptable measurement properties for every item in each construct. Table 3 shows final items
for its constructs and all the items greatly loaded on its respective elements when compare to
their loadings on other factors.
Table 3. Cross Loading Factors
Benefit Effort
Individual
Factor
KMS
Accept
Org
Factor
Social
Influences
PB1* 0.6985 0.3147 0.3008 0.5184 0.205 0.2641
PB2 0.8164 0.3166 0.3456 0.4774 0.1995 0.2204
PB3 0.8276 0.2731 0.336 0.4199 0.215 0.2417
PB4 0.7583 0.2599 0.3739 0.3748 0.2656 0.2318
PB5 0.7842 0.297 0.2351 0.4367 0.2786 0.2336
PB6 0.8238 0.2583 0.2322 0.3766 0.1617 0.2854
PB7 0.8221 0.2178 0.2365 0.3807 0.0441 0.2553
PB8 0.8093 0.1962 0.249 0.3789 0.0687 0.2658
PE1 0.2614 0.7519 0.238 0.129 0.292 0.1712
PE2 0.1994 0.7617 0.231 0.1483 0.2784 0.1822
PE3 0.3577 0.8337 0.2945 0.2345 0.2738 0.1667
PE4 0.0935 0.7188 0.2727 0.1067 0.2732 0.1879
PE5 0.3361 0.7267 0.2896 0.2355 0.275 0.3184
PE6 0.1805 0.5358 0.3049 0.3153 0.4526 0.0546
IF1 0.2419 0.3376 0.8027 0.3028 0.3426 0.1898
IF2 0.3101 0.3579 0.8653 0.334 0.3599 0.1879
IF3 0.2593 0.3155 0.7435 0.2853 0.467 0.1827
IF4 0.2849 0.2189 0.6212 0.3013 0.3861 0.1784
IF5 0.283 0.1406 0.6106 0.2931 0.2326 0.117
KA1 0.3877 0.2568 0.348 0.8445 0.2833 0.2266
KA2 0.411 0.157 0.2776 0.8433 0.191 0.1646
KA3 0.4838 0.2315 0.3629 0.8941 0.2466 0.165
KA4 0.5444 0.211 0.3355 0.887 0.2084 0.1359
KA7 0.3436 0.321 0.3392 0.5781 0.2894 0.1996
OG1 0.1675 0.2264 0.3445 0.2195 0.7671 0.1211
OG2 0.127 0.204 0.3355 0.1664 0.6894 0.1219
OG3 0.1555 0.264 0.2861 0.2393 0.7305 0.0206
OG4 0.1928 0.369 0.4526 0.2104 0.6691 0.129
OG5 0.1866 0.414 0.3145 0.223 0.7353 0.0554
SI1 0.3022 0.2474 0.2196 0.2028 0.127 0.9878
SI2 0.3189 0.2424 0.244 0.2257 0.1149 0.9902
*PB=Perceived Benefit PE=Perceived Effort IF=Individual Factors
KA=KMS Acceptance OG=Organizational Factors SI=Social Influences
As presented in Table 4 the AVE calculates of all the constructs get more than the
minimum level, ranging from .62 to .97. The AVE is greater than .50 is thought appropriate,
which indicates that “There are 50% or more variance of the indicators should be considered
for” [53]. In summary, these results indicate that all the constructs in the model prove about high
internal consistency. Next we will check the reliability of each construct. Reliability is the level to
which “a specific method, used continuously to the similar item, which could generate the similar
outcome each time” [50-51]. Reliability is assessed with both composite reliability and
Cronbach‟s Alpha. A value of at minimum 0.70 was applied as the thresholds to show suffice
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reliability (Nunnally 1978). We can look on Table 4 that present the reliability of the constructs.
Each one of the constructs had great reliability and scored well above 0.70.
Table 4. Reliability Indicator
Cronbach‟s
Alpha
Composite
Reliability
AVE
Perceived Benefit 0.9161 0.9314 0.6298
Perceived Effort 0.8179 0.8689 0.5287
Individual Factor 0.7829 0.8526 0.5409
KMS Acceptance 0.8688 0.9082 0.669
Org Factor 0.7769 0.8423 0.5171
Social Influences 0.9777 0.9889 0.9781
The composite reliability was counted to assess the internal consistency for the
indicators of each construct. In contrast to Cronbach‟s alpha, composite reliability does not
conclude that all items are just as calculated [53]. All of constructs in the research model
showed great internal consistency as shown by their composite reliability scores (Table 4).
Composite reliability result higher than .70 is analyzed appropriate. Composite reliability of all
the constructs has more than 0.80 which showing the measurement model has high internal
consistency.
4.3.Discriminant Validity
Discriminant validity refers to “the degree to which items differentiate among constructs
or measure distinct concepts” [50-51]. To evaluate loadings, cross-loadings, and discriminant
validity were compared. To show discriminant validity, loadings need to be higher than cross-
loadings. Simply, the indicators must give higher for their associated construct than indicators
for other constructs. This recommends that the construct component rating forecasts each
indicator for the linked construct much better compared to indicators for other constructs [53].
Among of test for discriminant validity in order to compare the inter-construct
relationship as well as the square root of the AVE. The square root of the AVE need to higher
than the inter-construct correlations [53], showing that “the constructs were correlated a lot
higher with their indicators compared with other constructs in the model” [50-51]. In other words,
the AVE shared between the construct and its indicators need to be greater than the variance
shared between the construct to the other constructs [53].
Table 5. The Square Root of AVE
CR AVE
Perceived
Benefit
Perceived
Effort
Ind
Factor
KMS
Accept
Org
Factor
Social
Influe
Perceived Benefit 0.9314 0.6298 0.793
Perceived Effort 0.8689 0.5287 0.3444 0.727
Individual Factor 0.8526 0.5409 0.3719 0.385 0.735
KMS Acceptance 0.9082 0.669 0.5396 0.2892 0.4105 0.817
Org Factor 0.8423 0.5171 0.2385 0.4397 0.4899 0.2989 0.719
Social Influences 0.9889 0.9781 0.3144 0.2474 0.235 0.2173 0.122 0.988
As presented in Table 5 the square root of the AVE calculation for all constructs (in
diagonals) is higher than the inter-construct correlations (off-diagonals). These outcomes show
that all the constructs fulfill the standards for enough discriminant validity. The conclusion, all
the constructs show enough validity and reliability, showing that the measurement model is
acceptable.
4.4. Global fit Measure
Since specified with Tenenhaus et al. (2004), a global fit measure (GoF) for PLS path
modeling is the geometric method of the average communality as well as average R2 for the
endogenous constructs. To maintain the validity of the PLS model, GoF value was
approximated depending on the standards set up by Wetzels et al. (2009). In our research, the
achieved GoF value was 0.26. The evaluation was prepared with the baseline values of GoF
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(small=0.1, medium=0.25, large=0.36) because it was recommended by Wetzels et al. (2009)
giving proof of appropriate of universal PLS model validity [54].
4.5.Predictive Relevance of Model
When mentioned previously, the size of the R2 for the endogenous variables has a
predictive power indicator of the model. In order to validate the anticipating significance of the
model, the sample reuse method was used as recommended by Stone (1974) and also Geisser
(1975). Actually, the sample‟s reuse method that was said by Wold (1982) to accommodate
effectively the PLS modeling method (Götz, Liehr-Gobbers, & Krafft, 2011). Furthermore,
especially, we then analyzed the predictive validity of the model by using the procedures
recommended by Stone–Geisser non-parametric test [53, 55]. In order to accomplish this
objective, the blindfolding procedures integrated into Smart-PLS bundle were utilized.
Blindfolding procedures is created to eliminate some information and after that approximate
them as missing values. Based upon that, the blindfolding procedure generates basic cross-
validating metrics Q2.
According to this method, there are distinct forms of Q2 that can be measured based
upon the form of preferred forecast. A cross-validated communality Q2 could be acquired when
the information factors predicted based on the latent variable scores. From different view point,
when the data points are got by the LVs that predict the block concerned, a cross-validated
redundancy Q2 is the outcome. The cross-validated redundancy method could be a trusted
measure of the predictive relevance of the model examined [55]. If the evaluation of
requirement, repetitive communality was discovered to be higher than 0 for all the endogenous
variables, the model is regarded to have predictive validity, typically, the predictive relevance of
the model could not be deduced [55]. The outcomes of our model show that the cross-validated
redundancy for “Perceived Benefit”. Perceived Effort” and “KMS Acceptance” was respectively
0.11, 0.10 and 0.19 is higher than zero. Therefore the used model predictive validity was built.
4.6.Testing Research Model
The hypotheses are checked by analyzing the statistical relevance of the path
coefficients with t-statistics determined to make use of the bootstrap resampling method of 500
samples. The bootstrap is a “nonparametric method for approximating the accuracy of the PLS
valuations” [53]. The test of the structural model includes estimates of the path coefficients
indicating the strength of the relationships between the dependent independent variables; and
estimates of the R2 values, which work with the amount of variance in the dependent variable
clarified by the independent variables. We utilized the repetitive indicator method to approximate
the second-order molar construct, commitment [56]. Under the repeated indicator approach, the
higher-order constructs are straight determined by manifest indicators for the first-order
constructs. The repetitive indicators approach enables inspection of the relative path weights of
the factors creating the higher-order constructs [56]. To examine the specific hypotheses
(summarized in Table 6) suggested in the research model, we evaluated the t-statistics for the
consistent path coefficients by using bootstrap with 500 re-samples. We used two-tailed as well
as one tailed t-test due to the fact that the hypotheses were unidirectional and also directional.
The outcomes of the evaluation are illustrated in Figure 3 and recapped in Table 6.
As shown in Figure 3, the model accounts for 30% of the variance in KMS Acceptance,
18% of the variance in users‟ perceived benefit of using KMS, and 23% of the variance in
perceived effort. Every hypothesis were bolstered not include for H4, H7, and H8.
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Table 6. Hypotheses Testing
Hypotheses
Path
Coe
T-stat P-value Result
H1
Individual Factor will have direct impact to
Perceived Benefit of using KMS
0.28 3.291 0.0011 Supported
H2
Individual Factor will have direct impact to
Perceived Effort of using KMS
0.22 4.9716 0.0001 Supported
H3
Organizational Factors will have direct
impact to Perceived Effort of using KMS
0.33 2.1152 0.0352 Supported
H4
Organizational Factors will have direct
impact to Perceived Benefit of using KMS
-
0.004
1.2106 0.2276
Not
Supported
H5
Perceived Benefit will have direct impact
to KMS Acceptance
0.49 7.1737 0.0001 Supported
H6
Perceived Effort will have direct impact
on Perceived benefit of using KMS
0.24 2.6044 0.0100 Supported
H7
Perceived Effort will have direct impact to
KMS Acceptance
0.11 1.7355 0.0833
Not
supported
H8
Social Influences will have direct impact
to KMS Acceptance
0.04 2.4315 0.0159
Not
Supported
Figure 3. Path analysis result
4.7.Discussion
The research discovered just what affects the use of KMS in Indonesia Bank
organization. We sustained the TAM (Davis, 1989) with SET to examine knowledge contributor
behavior in acceptance KMS. We will talk about the findings related to each hypothesis in turn.
Hypotheses 1, Consistent with Davis et al (1989) proposed, we found that individual variables
can influences knowledge management system acceptance by influencing perceived benefit.
This supports Davis„s argument that External factor provides “the bridge between the internal
beliefs, attitude, and intention represented in TAM and the various individual different situation
constrains and managerially controllable intervention impinging on behavior [24]. Hypotheses 2,
as hypothesized, Individual Factor will have a direct impact on perceived effort of using KMS.
This finding was as we looked forward that the behavior and attitudes are conceptually
comparable and strengthening. These outcomes come with those for hypothesis 1, indicate that
external factors influence perceived benefit as well as perceived effort. Furthermore, this is
relevant with a study by Agarwal and Prasad (1999) found that individual different have
influenced Perceived Benefit and effort in technology acceptance. Hypothesis 3, this hypothesis
was supported. Our hypotheses that argue organizational Factors will have a direct impact on
Perceived effort of using KMS. This relevant with previous research that found external factors
for example organizational variables will influences knowledge management system acceptance
by influencing perceived benefit. Hypotheses 4, we had hypothesized that Organizational
Factors will have a direct impact to Perceived Benefit of using KMS. This finding has opposite to
that in the literature that recommends external factors, for example, organizational variables will
influences knowledge management system acceptance by influencing perceived benefit.
Hypothesis 5, this hypothesis was strongly supported. Our hypotheses that Benefit will have a
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direct impact to KMS Acceptance were strongly evident affect KMS acceptance. In the line with
previous studies in KMS acceptance study aadditionally discovered that perceived usefulness is
a “significance determinant” of the personal objective to use KMS and that regarded simplicity of
use is a “significant secondary determinant” of use objectives [30-31], [57]. Hypotheses 6,
Consistent with Davis's (1989) findings, we found that perceived effort posited to have a direct
effect an indirect on behavioral intention trough perceived a benefit. Hypotheses 7, we had
hypothesized that perceived effort posited to have a direct effect behavioral intention. This
finding has opposite to those in the literature that recommends a perceived effort posited to
have a direct effect behavioral intention Hypothesis 8, As hypothesized, peers or superiors
reflect he or she must show the behavior, weighted by the person's intention to fulfill with those
others, as forecasted by the social influence model (Fulk et al. 1990), social influence utilized by
the behavior and attitude of management and co-workers in a users‟ social and work
environments can significantly affect the users‟ actions concerning technology use. This finding
has opposite to those in the literature that recommends those social influences can be
connected to fulfilment in mandatory settings which makes it have a straight effect on intention.
5. Conclusion
This research empirically tested how individual and organizational factors influences
people behavior in accept knowledge management systems. By collecting data from 215
Indonesia Banking Institutions employees, this study found that both individual and
organizational factor influences people behavior in accept KMS by affect perceived benefit
variable. This study has contributed in theoretical aspect by providing detailed factors of people
behavior in knowledge management systems acceptance. In a practical aspect, the results of
this research can help organizations, which are currently practicing knowledge management
system to develop an appropriate strategy in enhancing effective KMS implementations by
considering the finding factors. The research limitation of this study is the related with sample
size. In the future, parts of the model could be extracted and investigated in detail. For further
intriguing upcoming research could be checking out at the differentiation among the various
types of knowledge management systems adopters.
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