This document summarizes Jos Geskus' PhD proposal on applying principles of Enterprise Engineering to auditing. It discusses how understanding clients as complex social systems is key for auditors. Technological advances like cloud computing increase complexity, requiring methods to reduce complexity and identify significant parts. Enterprise Engineering uses Enterprise Ontology, Architecture, and Governance as pillars. The proposal aims to develop tools using Enterprise Ontology to better understand clients' enterprises and improve audit quality.
The Role of Organizational and Individual Factors in Knowledge Management Sys...journalBEEI
The aim of this study is to investigates the how individual and organizational factors influence people behavior in using knowledge management. This research applied Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a basis theory; TAM was enriched with individual and organizational factors for this study. A survey approach was conducted for data collection. Three of institutions in Banking Sector at Indonesia were invited to join this study and 215 knowledge workers were participated for the survey. Data from survey were analyzed through Structural Equations Model (SEM) using PLS (Partial Least Square) V2. The conclusion specify that ‘‘individual elements’’ and ‘‘organizational elements’’ are the significantly affect people behavior in KMS acceptance factors that influence knowledge worker behavior in knowledge sharing. However this study not found relationship between individual and organization factors and “perceived ease of use” construct with people behavior in accept KMS.
The Relationships Between IT Flexibility, IT-Business Strategic Alignment and...IJMIT JOURNAL
What seems to still be the main concern for managers in the corporate world across the globe is IT business strategic alignment. This study seeks to address the research problem about the lack of alignment between IT and business strategies. Upon reviewing various literature on this subject, it was found that IT flexibility is one of the most vital factors that help sustain strategic alignment. The researcher upon having a detailed discussion on the possible areas associated with the present body of knowledge has discovered gaps in the studies that have been undertaken on strategic alignment and IT flexibility. This is because IT capability in relation to IT flexibility and strategic alignment has been ignored in the previous studies. As a result, this research proposes a relationship between IT flexibility (i.e., modularity, connectivity and compatibility), IT capability, and strategic alignment.
Fractal Organizations Part I – ComplexityFatma ÇINAR
Fractal Organizations Part I – Complexity
In this study with two parts, we propose a new modelling technique based on Object Based Complexity Modelling of the of the organizations
First we describe the basic aspects of Complexity approach Part I
Then we redefine the concept of complexity And application to organizations by the aid of «object orientation» concept of software technology Part II
Then we apply this new approach to set up a new management paradigm as Sycamore Tree Diagram and Complexity
For contemporary organizations, analytical and quantitative modeling techniques are not sufficient for modeling of the complex structured corporate management activities.
Mathematical and statistical methods lack of performance to express the impact of intangible factors.
That makes mandatory to use new models that are based on organic thinking, Informatics and control theory.
Strengthening Employees Responsibility To Enhance Governance Of It Cobit Ra...guest418d60a0
The ongoing financial markets debacle and the global economic context advocate enhancing the governance of the companies and, de facto, improving the elaboration and the understanding of employees' responsibilities. Furthermore, the moral aspects of the business and the employees' commitment have appeared as becoming increasingly unavoidable to face emerging ethical challenges. These arising requirements have oriented our research toward the elaboration of an innovative responsibility model built on the concepts of obligation/accountability, right and commitment. This paper aims to present, validate and improve the responsibility model on the basis of a comparison to related concepts from the COBIT framework. In parallel to this improvement, proposals of conceptual modification of the COBIT framework are made and illustrated based on the RACI chart.
Investigating the Influence of E-HRM Practices on Organizational Performance:...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM) came into existence as a result of the evolution of new technology and it leads to eliminating the administrative burden on HR professionals. Financial institutions are the heart of the financial stability of the economy. Nowadays most financial institutions are widely adopting E-HRM practices in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. However, it has been observed that there is a lack of empirical studies regarding this phenomenon in the Sri Lankan context. The main contribution of this study is to enrich the knowledge and investigate the impact of E-HRM practices on organizational performance under the mediation role of organizational agility. Thus, the study focusses on to examine how E-HRM impacts organizational performance, and to determine the mediating role of organizational agility between E-HRM and OP. Questionnaires were distributed by using a convenience sampling method to collect primary data from 40 financial institutions in Sri Lanka. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, descriptive statistics, Baron and Kenny mediator analysis method, and Sobel test. Results of the analysis indicated that E-HRM practices significantly and positively impact organizational performance while organizational agility mediates the relationship between E-HRM practices and OP. Outcomes of this study provided implications like enhancing available literature, to understand the real impact of E-HRM on organizational performance to HR managers. This study also suggests some further research areas for future research.
State of the art of agile governance a systematic reviewijcsit
Context: Agility at the business level requires Information Technology (IT) environment flexible and
customizable, as well as effective and responsive governance in order to deliver value faster, better, and
cheaper to the business. Objective: To understand better this context, our paper seeks to investigate how
the domain of agile governance has evolved, as well as to derive implications for research and practice.
Method: We conducted a systematic review about the state of art of the agile governance up to and
including 2013. Our search strategy identified 1992 studies in 10 databases, of which 167 had the potential
to answer our research questions. Results: We organized the studies into four major groups: software
engineering, enterprise, manufacturing and multidisciplinary; classifying them into 16 emerging
categories. As a result, the review provides a convergent definition for agile governance, six metaprinciples,
and a map of findings organized by topic and classified by relevance and convergence.
Conclusion: The found evidence lead us to believe that agile governance is a relatively new, wide and
multidisciplinary area focused on organizational performance and competitiveness that needs to be more
intensively studied. Finally, we made improvements and additions to the methodological approach for
systematic reviews and qualitative studies.
The Role of Organizational and Individual Factors in Knowledge Management Sys...journalBEEI
The aim of this study is to investigates the how individual and organizational factors influence people behavior in using knowledge management. This research applied Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a basis theory; TAM was enriched with individual and organizational factors for this study. A survey approach was conducted for data collection. Three of institutions in Banking Sector at Indonesia were invited to join this study and 215 knowledge workers were participated for the survey. Data from survey were analyzed through Structural Equations Model (SEM) using PLS (Partial Least Square) V2. The conclusion specify that ‘‘individual elements’’ and ‘‘organizational elements’’ are the significantly affect people behavior in KMS acceptance factors that influence knowledge worker behavior in knowledge sharing. However this study not found relationship between individual and organization factors and “perceived ease of use” construct with people behavior in accept KMS.
The Relationships Between IT Flexibility, IT-Business Strategic Alignment and...IJMIT JOURNAL
What seems to still be the main concern for managers in the corporate world across the globe is IT business strategic alignment. This study seeks to address the research problem about the lack of alignment between IT and business strategies. Upon reviewing various literature on this subject, it was found that IT flexibility is one of the most vital factors that help sustain strategic alignment. The researcher upon having a detailed discussion on the possible areas associated with the present body of knowledge has discovered gaps in the studies that have been undertaken on strategic alignment and IT flexibility. This is because IT capability in relation to IT flexibility and strategic alignment has been ignored in the previous studies. As a result, this research proposes a relationship between IT flexibility (i.e., modularity, connectivity and compatibility), IT capability, and strategic alignment.
Fractal Organizations Part I – ComplexityFatma ÇINAR
Fractal Organizations Part I – Complexity
In this study with two parts, we propose a new modelling technique based on Object Based Complexity Modelling of the of the organizations
First we describe the basic aspects of Complexity approach Part I
Then we redefine the concept of complexity And application to organizations by the aid of «object orientation» concept of software technology Part II
Then we apply this new approach to set up a new management paradigm as Sycamore Tree Diagram and Complexity
For contemporary organizations, analytical and quantitative modeling techniques are not sufficient for modeling of the complex structured corporate management activities.
Mathematical and statistical methods lack of performance to express the impact of intangible factors.
That makes mandatory to use new models that are based on organic thinking, Informatics and control theory.
Strengthening Employees Responsibility To Enhance Governance Of It Cobit Ra...guest418d60a0
The ongoing financial markets debacle and the global economic context advocate enhancing the governance of the companies and, de facto, improving the elaboration and the understanding of employees' responsibilities. Furthermore, the moral aspects of the business and the employees' commitment have appeared as becoming increasingly unavoidable to face emerging ethical challenges. These arising requirements have oriented our research toward the elaboration of an innovative responsibility model built on the concepts of obligation/accountability, right and commitment. This paper aims to present, validate and improve the responsibility model on the basis of a comparison to related concepts from the COBIT framework. In parallel to this improvement, proposals of conceptual modification of the COBIT framework are made and illustrated based on the RACI chart.
Investigating the Influence of E-HRM Practices on Organizational Performance:...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM) came into existence as a result of the evolution of new technology and it leads to eliminating the administrative burden on HR professionals. Financial institutions are the heart of the financial stability of the economy. Nowadays most financial institutions are widely adopting E-HRM practices in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. However, it has been observed that there is a lack of empirical studies regarding this phenomenon in the Sri Lankan context. The main contribution of this study is to enrich the knowledge and investigate the impact of E-HRM practices on organizational performance under the mediation role of organizational agility. Thus, the study focusses on to examine how E-HRM impacts organizational performance, and to determine the mediating role of organizational agility between E-HRM and OP. Questionnaires were distributed by using a convenience sampling method to collect primary data from 40 financial institutions in Sri Lanka. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, descriptive statistics, Baron and Kenny mediator analysis method, and Sobel test. Results of the analysis indicated that E-HRM practices significantly and positively impact organizational performance while organizational agility mediates the relationship between E-HRM practices and OP. Outcomes of this study provided implications like enhancing available literature, to understand the real impact of E-HRM on organizational performance to HR managers. This study also suggests some further research areas for future research.
State of the art of agile governance a systematic reviewijcsit
Context: Agility at the business level requires Information Technology (IT) environment flexible and
customizable, as well as effective and responsive governance in order to deliver value faster, better, and
cheaper to the business. Objective: To understand better this context, our paper seeks to investigate how
the domain of agile governance has evolved, as well as to derive implications for research and practice.
Method: We conducted a systematic review about the state of art of the agile governance up to and
including 2013. Our search strategy identified 1992 studies in 10 databases, of which 167 had the potential
to answer our research questions. Results: We organized the studies into four major groups: software
engineering, enterprise, manufacturing and multidisciplinary; classifying them into 16 emerging
categories. As a result, the review provides a convergent definition for agile governance, six metaprinciples,
and a map of findings organized by topic and classified by relevance and convergence.
Conclusion: The found evidence lead us to believe that agile governance is a relatively new, wide and
multidisciplinary area focused on organizational performance and competitiveness that needs to be more
intensively studied. Finally, we made improvements and additions to the methodological approach for
systematic reviews and qualitative studies.
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Sociotechnical Management Model for Governance of an Ecosystem IJMIT JOURNAL
This is an opinion paper regarding a proposal of a model for a Ecosystemm Governance. In the globalized
world the importance of Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT) become increasingly
relevant regarding the requirements imposed by competition. Both the knowledge of the business as the
rapid flow of information are fundamental for a enterprise decision making. Whereas the basic definition of
IT = hardware + software, i.e. , tools that has been used to create, store and disseminate data and
information in the creation of knowledge, and IS = IT + People + procedures that collect, process and
disseminate the information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis and visualization
in the organization [01], it makes implicit the understanding of IS is essential to create competitive
companies, to manage global corporations and provide customers with products and services of value. In
this work we are correlating IS with the governance of management of an ecosystem.
New England CollegeFI6315 Managerial FinanceSummer I 2019P.docxvannagoforth
New England College
FI6315 Managerial Finance
Summer I 2019
Problem Set 2/Exam 2
Name:
Date:
Part 1 (19 points) ________
Part 2 (15 points) ________
Part 3 (19 points) ________
Part 4 (19 points) ________
Part 5 (14 points) ________
Part 6 (14 points) ________
Total
=======
Part 1:
Calculate the NPV for the following capital budgeting proposal: $100,000 initial cost for equipment, straight-line depreciation over 5 years to a zero book value, $5,000 pre-tax salvage value of equipment, 35% tax rate, $45,000 additional annual revenues, $15,000 additional annual cash expenses, $8,000 initial investment in working capital to be recouped at project end, and a cost of capital of 11%. Should the project be accepted or rejected? (Show your work computing the NPV.)
Part 2: Essay
Explain why bond prices fluctuate in response to changing interest rates. What adverse effect might occur if bond prices remain fixed prior to their maturity?
Part 3:
A stock offers an expected dividend of $3.50, has a required return of 14%, and has historically exhibited a growth rate of 6%. Its current price is $35.00 and shows no tendency to change. How can you explain this price based on the constant-growth dividend discount model?
Part 4:
Calculate the expected rate of return for the following portfolio, based on a Treasury bill yield of 4% and an expected market return of 13%: (Show your work)
Part 5: Essay
Discuss the capital asset pricing model in general, the CAPM method of determining expected returns, and how the SML can be used to help predict the movement of a stock's price.
Part 6: Essay
Contrast the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the Standard and Poor's Composite Index.
fi6315 exam 2 spring ii 2019 (3).doc
There’s steps on the literature and methodology section in the report structure guide file on canvas, my part is separate from the intro, process model etc
(literature and methodlogy) Use the references at the end of the lecture slides for week 1-3 to help you explain functional and social and then relate it back to how we’ve reccommended it for the mining company. I don’t have to do anything else but this part is about 1000-1500 words
Just these parts
And for lit review there’s articles listed in the learning materials section in weeks 1-3
My group recommended this format as:
One person
intro - which involves answering the interview questions and indentifying the problem
One person
-Literature review - 6 references on the topic, can include the articles that are on the lectures from week 1-3
And methodology
Two people +the help of ...
Enterprise architecrture & enterprise engineeringTayabaZahid
An enterprise architecture (EA) is a conceptual blueprint that defines the structure and operation of an organization. The intent of an enterprise architecture is to determine how an organization can most effectively achieve its current and future objectives.
Best Practices for BA: Using enterprise architecture to deliver the right sol...Sergio Luis Conte
How to deliver the right solution is the "Business Analyst Dilema". This article talk about how to do that in a simple way using Enterprise Architecture as a guide.
A dual management operating system to improve digitalisation and automation o...Hendrik Lourens
It is possible to remove the cultural obstacles in trying to achieve success in Digitalisation, Internet of Things
and automation while improving productivity, employee engagement and managing the risks inherent in
change. We need to create a change platform to do this, not launch another change program. By changing
management paradigms, effort can be focussed where it will deliver outsized returns, and bottom-up
improvement becomes possible. This creates the stability from where implementations can be properly
sequenced and involve internal champions who buy into the change.
Presented at the Enterprises as Systems conference in the Chicago area in August. This focuses on business architecture primarily from the perspective of enterprises as human social systems
An agent based framework for identity management the unsuspected relation wit...
2-pager leaflet How well do understand your clients environment - PhD proposal summary Geskus,Jos Dec 2014 FINAL
1. How well do you
understand your client’s
enterprise?
A summary of Jos Geskus’ PhD proposal
Application of Enterprise Engineering principles to (IT-) auditing
In our profession understanding
our clients is key, in order to
comply to standards and deliver
high quality services. Our clients
are enterprises that can be consi-
dered as complex social systems.
Fast technological developments,
such as Cloud Computing, lead to
an increase in complexity.
Our challenge is to keep a grip on
our clients by understanding the
essence to keep clear insight and
overview.
Figure 1 medium numbers of
organised complexity [2]
IT is an integral part of business
change and business processes
The significance of information and IT
is all around us in every aspect of busi-
ness and public life. The need to get more
value from IT investments and manage
an increasing array of IT-related risks has
never been higher. According to Hardy [1],
business executives and managers realise
that IT does not exist on its own; it is an
integral and key part of business change
and business processes.
They are taking ownership and are making
organisational changes to create a more
effective structure for overseeing and
monitoring IT- related goals and issues. IT
controls continue to gain importance for
enterprises, because both corporate relian-
ce on technology and compliancy require-
ments increase. As a result, deficiencies in
IT controls can have a significant impact
on the enterprise. As Hardy stated [1], IT
does not exist on its own, as IT is integrated
in almost every enterprise process. Due to
this, IT-auditing is an growing profession
that receives more and more attention and
is playing an increasingly important role.
Understanding an enterprise is
key for doing a good job
A prerequisite for an (IT) auditor is to have
a good understanding of the
audit object (an object can be a system or
process that is subject to the audit)
and its environment. Although IT-auditors
can be specialised in specific systems, tech-
niques and environments, the increasing
organisational and technological com-
plexity demands that IT-auditors are able
to reduce this complexity and identify the
significant parts relevant to the audit.
Systems thinking
By means of figure 1 Weinberg [2] explains
why we need ‘systems thinking’ in order
to understand enterprises and software
systems. Region I, ‘organized simplicity’,
comprises machines or mechanisms. In this
area complexity as well as randomness is
low and the behaviour of every element can
be predicted using an analytical approach.
Region II, ‘unorganized complexity’, com-
prises populations or aggregates. In this
region the amount of randomness is high
enough to rely on averages. This justifies a
statistical approach for making predictions.
In region III, ‘organized complexity’, we
face a problem with both the analytical and
the statistical approach, because we are de-
aling with medium numbers. In this region
we find too much complexity for analysis
and too much organization for statistics.
Weinberg calls this ‘yawning gap in the
middle’ the region of systems. He proposes
to take a ‘systems thinking approach’ for
dealing with theorganized complexity as
found in modern enterprises.
Enterprises are social systems
Back in the 60’s Herbert A. Simon [3]
wrote an article in which he addressed
the complexity of systems in different
categories such as biological, physical and
social systems. Simon mentions enterprises
as an example of complex social systems.
He describes how in a formal enterprise
each system consists of a “boss” and a set
of subordinate subsystems. Each of these
subsystems also has a “boss” who is the
immediate subordinate of the boss of the
system. In actual practice, enterprises may
be designed this way but not organised as
such. This is endorsed by Simons state-
ment: “In fact, even in human organisati-
ons, the formal hierarchy exists only on
source: avanada.com
2. paper; the real flesh-and-blood enterprise has
many inter-part relations other than the lines of
formal authority”. Yet, Simon’s definition from
the 60’s is limited to the people working in the
enterprise and the hierarchy between them. Back
in the 60’s the involvement of supporting IT
systems (and necessary processes to interact with
them) was a fraction compared to the tremen-
dous role that IT plays in enterprises these days.
This significant increase of the role of IT has
unfortunately led to considerably more complexi-
ty, in the already complex enterprises.
Enterprise Engineering is built on
three pillars: Enterprise Ontology,
Enterprise Architecture and Enterpri-
se Governance
Enterprise Engineering (EE) is the scientific
discipline in which enterprises are considered
to be designed systems, which consequently
can be redesigned. EE is built on the following
three foundational pillars: Enterprise Ontology,
Enterprise Architecture and Enterprise Gover-
nance [5]. Each of these fields has the following
defined goal:
1. Intellectual manageability - In order to bring
about organisational changes, one needs to have
insight and overview. This implies a well devised
systematic reduction of complexity (Enterprise
Ontology).
2. Organisational concinnity - For an enterprise
to be a coherent and consistent whole, its parts
must be arranged in a skilful and harmonious
way. This implies well devised design (Enterprise
Architecture).
3. Social devotion - Enterprise Engineering takes
a human-centred view on enterprises. This im-
plies a well devised distribution of authority and
responsibility (Enterprise Governance).
Enterprise Ontology is the main pillar of my
research [5].
Fundamentals of Enterprise Ontology
The notion of Enterprise Ontology and the
accompanying DEMO methodology [4] provide a
means for modelling enterprises in a very precise
way and at a high level of abstraction. By making
the ontological model of an enterprise we can
quickly get an understanding of the essence of
this enterprise. Enterprise Ontology is built on
the following two fundamentals: 1. strict distinc-
tion between function and construction and 2.
focus on essential transactions and actors.
Figure 2 Three human capabilities performa, informa and forma [8]
Function versus construction
In (re-)developing an enterprise, the conscious
distinction between a system’s function and
construction, and the insight in their alternating
roles in system development, is of paramount
importance [5]. Only the construction of a system
is objective. A constructional model (or white-box
model) of an enterprise, can always be valida-
ted from the actual construction. By contrast, a
functional model (or black-box model) is by its
very nature subjective, because function is not a
system property but a relationship between the
system and a stakeholder. Consequently, every
system has (at any moment) one construction, but
it may have at least as many functions as there
are stakeholders. All these functions are brought
about by one and the same construction [5].
Focus on essential transactions
and actors
The complexity of enterprises necessitates a divi-
sion of tasks to be performed. The organisational
sciences have for long recognised the non-trivial
issues of differentiation and integration [6,7].
However, an effective approach to identify tasks is
still lacking. A major contribution of EO to maste-
ring the complexity of enterprises emerges from
the distinction between three human capabilities:
performa, informa and forma [4]. These
capabilities and examples of coordination
and production are shown in figure 2 [8].
Aim of my research
In my research I aim to develop tools
(methods/guidelines etc.) to get a grip on
the complexity of our clients’ enterprise
to ensure that we comply to standards
(including law and regulatory) and ena-
ble the delivery of high quality services to
our clients. Given the promising features
of enterprise ontology (EO), my starting
point is to apply enterprise ontology to
a selected project in order to explore its
added value in terms of gaining a better
understanding of our client’s enterpri-
se and therefore quality improvement
of our services. The observant reader
may have noted that, so far, IT was the
dominating subject in the previous para-
graphs. Despite the fact that IT plays an
increasingly dominant role in organisati-
ons, my starting point is that enterprises
are complex social systems in which IT
plays a supporting role in the functioning
of the organization. Therefore, my rese-
arch is not solely applicable to IT-related
projects.
References
[1] G. Hardy. The Role of the IT Auditor in IT Governance. ISACA, 1:1{2, 2009}.
[2] G.M. Weinberg. An Introduction to General Systems Thinking. Dorset House Publishing Company, 2001.
[3] H. A. Simon. The Architecture of Complexity. 1962.
[4] J. L. G. Dietz. Enterprise Ontology Theory and Methodology. Springer, 2006.
[5] J. L.G. Dietz, J. A.P. Hoogervorst et al. The Discipline of Enterprise Engineering. International Journal of Organisational Design and
Engineering, 3(1):86, 2013.
[6] R.L. Daft. Organization Theory and Design. South-Western Publishing, Mason, 2001.
[7] P. Lawrence and J., Lorsch. Organization and Environment. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 1967.
[8] J. L. G. Dietz. The Deep Structure of Business Processes. Communications of the ACM, 2006.
Jos Geskus is a manager within Risk Assurance.
Jos has a strong technical background in computer science. His focus is on performing Third
Party Assurance engagements, ISO 27001 certifications, and the design of integrated control
frameworks. In addition to his professional career at PwC, Jos is a PhD candidate at the Uni-
versity of Antwerp. The objective of his research is to increase the adequacy of risk analysis
and, following from this, control objectives and controls by applying Enterprise Engineering
principles.
Jos Geskus
jos.geskus@nl.pwc.com
+ 31 64 18 01 69 0