Information Technology (IT) governance has been emerging as a central issue in many organizations. This is because IT governance is key to realizing IT business value. Past studies have focused on the three aspects of IT governance, namely, structural capability, process capability and relational capability. At the same time, some studies have suggested that IT governance process should be viewed as a learning process rather than a problem solving process. Based on this scenario, the role of knowledge and knowledge based processes should be the central focus of IT governance. As a learning process, IT governance effectiveness can be determined by how much impact IT governance practices has influenced on decision-makers’ thinking and actions. In this case, knowledge capacity absorbed from IT governance experience reflects a certain level of organizational learning (OL) achieved which later influences the level of IT governance performance. Since studies that adopt this perspective is lacking, this paper proposes a conceptual framework based on absorptive capacity approach for an IT governance performance model in the higher education. The paper contributes theoretically by extending the knowledge of IT governance by exploring a new perspective on OL
Ahlan, arshad, ajayi 2014 - it governance in a malaysian public institute o...Binyamin Ajayi
This document summarizes a chapter about IT governance in a Malaysian public university. It discusses the need for effective IT governance in universities to optimize resource usage and impact performance. It presents the COBIT framework as an international benchmark for IT governance standards and practices. The chapter also introduces two intelligent decision making support system methods that could be applied to study IT governance in this context.
The document summarizes findings from case studies conducted at 8 Malaysian Polytechnics on their maintenance management practices. The case studies identified several common problems faced - poor maintenance planning, limited budgets, incompetent staff, and defects taking too long to repair. All 8 Polytechnics still used conventional, paper-based systems for maintenance management. While some implemented basic ICT like inventory databases and email for complaints, none had fully computerized maintenance management systems. The findings aim to help Polytechnics improve their practices to deliver higher quality facilities and safer, healthier environments for students.
This study examines the impact of learning orientation dimensions on the relationship between information technology capability and the quality of management accounting information, with technological uncertainty as a moderating variable. The study found that commitment to learning, shared vision, and open-mindedness positively impact information technology capability. It also found that information technology capability positively impacts the quality of management accounting information. However, it did not find technological uncertainty to moderate the relationship between information technology capability and the quality of management accounting information. The study was limited by a lack of data connection between variables.
Developing An Information System for Sustainable Human Resource Developmentiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document summarizes a study on designing a web-based tracer study management information system for Jenderal Achmad Yani University. The study aims to determine an ideal tracer study design that can facilitate graduate tracking and industry data collection. It involves interviews with universities that have implemented tracer studies. The proposed system would allow real-time online access to graduate data and help evaluate education programs and career development. It is hoped that the centralized tracer study system would benefit graduates, industry, and other stakeholders.
The Effect of Information Technology, User Technical Skills, Education and Tr...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the effect of information technology, user technical skills,
education and training on the performance of the accounting information system of the Village Credit Institution
(LPD in Indonesia).This research was conducted at LPD Tegallalang District. Determination of the sample
using nonprobability sampling method with purposive sampling technique and obtained a sample of 45 samples.
The data collection method is to use a survey method by distributing questionnaires. The analysis technique
used is multiple regression analysis techniques. The results of the analysis obtained indicate that information
technology, user technical skills, education and training have a positive and significant effect on accounting
information system performance.
KEYWORDS: accounting information system perfomance, information technology, user technical skills,
education and training
This document summarizes a research paper that investigated tax awareness and perceptions of tax education among business and non-business students in Indonesia. The research found that there was no significant difference in contextual or ethical tax awareness between the two groups of students. However, business students were more likely to believe that tax knowledge would be useful for their future and that tax education should be an important part of higher education. The results imply that business programs should evaluate how they teach topics related to taxation since their students' awareness levels were similar to non-business students who do not learn about taxes.
Ahlan, arshad, ajayi 2014 - it governance in a malaysian public institute o...Binyamin Ajayi
This document summarizes a chapter about IT governance in a Malaysian public university. It discusses the need for effective IT governance in universities to optimize resource usage and impact performance. It presents the COBIT framework as an international benchmark for IT governance standards and practices. The chapter also introduces two intelligent decision making support system methods that could be applied to study IT governance in this context.
The document summarizes findings from case studies conducted at 8 Malaysian Polytechnics on their maintenance management practices. The case studies identified several common problems faced - poor maintenance planning, limited budgets, incompetent staff, and defects taking too long to repair. All 8 Polytechnics still used conventional, paper-based systems for maintenance management. While some implemented basic ICT like inventory databases and email for complaints, none had fully computerized maintenance management systems. The findings aim to help Polytechnics improve their practices to deliver higher quality facilities and safer, healthier environments for students.
This study examines the impact of learning orientation dimensions on the relationship between information technology capability and the quality of management accounting information, with technological uncertainty as a moderating variable. The study found that commitment to learning, shared vision, and open-mindedness positively impact information technology capability. It also found that information technology capability positively impacts the quality of management accounting information. However, it did not find technological uncertainty to moderate the relationship between information technology capability and the quality of management accounting information. The study was limited by a lack of data connection between variables.
Developing An Information System for Sustainable Human Resource Developmentiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of business and managemant and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications inbusiness and management. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document summarizes a study on designing a web-based tracer study management information system for Jenderal Achmad Yani University. The study aims to determine an ideal tracer study design that can facilitate graduate tracking and industry data collection. It involves interviews with universities that have implemented tracer studies. The proposed system would allow real-time online access to graduate data and help evaluate education programs and career development. It is hoped that the centralized tracer study system would benefit graduates, industry, and other stakeholders.
The Effect of Information Technology, User Technical Skills, Education and Tr...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the effect of information technology, user technical skills,
education and training on the performance of the accounting information system of the Village Credit Institution
(LPD in Indonesia).This research was conducted at LPD Tegallalang District. Determination of the sample
using nonprobability sampling method with purposive sampling technique and obtained a sample of 45 samples.
The data collection method is to use a survey method by distributing questionnaires. The analysis technique
used is multiple regression analysis techniques. The results of the analysis obtained indicate that information
technology, user technical skills, education and training have a positive and significant effect on accounting
information system performance.
KEYWORDS: accounting information system perfomance, information technology, user technical skills,
education and training
This document summarizes a research paper that investigated tax awareness and perceptions of tax education among business and non-business students in Indonesia. The research found that there was no significant difference in contextual or ethical tax awareness between the two groups of students. However, business students were more likely to believe that tax knowledge would be useful for their future and that tax education should be an important part of higher education. The results imply that business programs should evaluate how they teach topics related to taxation since their students' awareness levels were similar to non-business students who do not learn about taxes.
The influence of information technology capability, organizational learning, ...Alexander Decker
This document reports on a study that examined the influence of information technology capability, organizational learning, and knowledge management capability on organizational performance in banking branches in Southern Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The study hypothesized that information technology capability positively impacts organizational learning, knowledge management capability, and organizational performance. It also hypothesized that organizational learning positively impacts knowledge management capability and organizational performance. Survey data were collected from 69 banking branches and analyzed using partial least squares. The results supported most of the hypotheses, finding significant positive relationships between the variables except for the relationship between organizational learning and knowledge management capability.
This document discusses the development of an internal control system for credit union cooperatives in Indonesia. It provides context on the important role of cooperatives in the Indonesian economy. It then reviews weaknesses found in existing cooperative internal controls, such as a lack of written procedures and job descriptions. The objectives of the study are to design an improved internal control system for credit union cooperatives. It reviews components of internal control systems and risks relevant to cooperatives based on prior literature.
WHY KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FAILED by DANIEL DONI SUNDJOJODaniel Doni
The document discusses why knowledge management systems often fail in organizations. It argues that for a KM system to be effective, an organization must first transform into a learning organization where there is a culture of learning, motivation to learn, and a willingness to challenge assumptions. The document presents research from a case study of an internet services provider that implemented a KM system alongside strategic, policy, and operational learning initiatives. The results showed that the KM system was effective because the company had transformed into a learning organization where sharing knowledge and improving was a priority.
The Effect Of Firm Size And Organizational Culture On The Quality Of Financial Reporting In Sharia Microfinancing Institution (Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil) (The Case Of Ex Banyumas Residency-Indonesia)
Employees Adoption of E-Procurement System: An Empirical StudyIJMIT JOURNAL
Today, organizations are investing a lot in their IT infrastructure and reengineering their business processes by digitizing firms. If organizational employees will not optimum utilize its IT infrastructure, the productivity gain reduced enormously. In Uttarakhand e-procurement system implemented by public sector under e-governance integrated mission mode projects. So, there is need to find the determinants which influence employee’s adoption and uses of e-procurement systems. This research study assesses the organizational and individual determinants that influence the use of e-procurement system in Uttarakhand public sector. This study provides managers with the valuable information to take intervention programs to achieve greater acceptance and usage of e-procurement system. Data collected for this study by the means of a survey conducted in Uttarakhand state in 2011. A total 1200 questionnaire forms were distributed personally and online to employees using e-procurement system in Uttarakhand.
Investigating the Influence of E-HRM Practices on Organizational Performance:...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM) came into existence as a result of the evolution of new technology and it leads to eliminating the administrative burden on HR professionals. Financial institutions are the heart of the financial stability of the economy. Nowadays most financial institutions are widely adopting E-HRM practices in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. However, it has been observed that there is a lack of empirical studies regarding this phenomenon in the Sri Lankan context. The main contribution of this study is to enrich the knowledge and investigate the impact of E-HRM practices on organizational performance under the mediation role of organizational agility. Thus, the study focusses on to examine how E-HRM impacts organizational performance, and to determine the mediating role of organizational agility between E-HRM and OP. Questionnaires were distributed by using a convenience sampling method to collect primary data from 40 financial institutions in Sri Lanka. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, descriptive statistics, Baron and Kenny mediator analysis method, and Sobel test. Results of the analysis indicated that E-HRM practices significantly and positively impact organizational performance while organizational agility mediates the relationship between E-HRM practices and OP. Outcomes of this study provided implications like enhancing available literature, to understand the real impact of E-HRM on organizational performance to HR managers. This study also suggests some further research areas for future research.
This document summarizes research on the use of websites for e-tourism marketing and the importance of message credibility. It discusses how countries are increasingly using tourism to boost their economies and how websites are important for disseminating travel information. The document then reviews literature on e-tourism management, the internet as a management tool, and the importance of message credibility for persuading consumers. It finds that message credibility positively impacts message strength and purchase intent for travel destinations.
This document summarizes a study exploring the practice of the Tawhidic Paradigm (TP) in organizational policy and strategy of small and medium enterprises in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study found that while entrepreneurs said they practiced TP according to Islamic teachings, they still faced challenges sustaining their businesses. However, they maintained strong faith in Allah and worked hard as an act of worship. The document argues that while TP in organizational policy and strategy is significant theoretically, more research is needed to prove its practical impact due to a lack of existing examples.
This document discusses factors that affect firm value for public manufacturing firms in Indonesia, including social responsibility, corporate governance, company size, and profitability. It provides background on the relationship between these factors and firm value based on prior literature. Theoretical frameworks discussed that may explain these relationships include agency theory, stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, positive accounting theory, and signaling theory. The purpose of the study is to develop a new model of the relationships between these exogenous, intervening, and endogenous variables based on these theories and prior empirical research.
This study examined the alignment between IT planning and business planning in three large Indian software companies. The researcher collected data through questionnaires sent to IT and business managers, as well as reviewing companies' public documents. The findings showed similarities in how the companies plan and implement IT systems to support business processes. Specifically, executive management had overall responsibility for IT planning and implementation, with input from business operations on directions and opportunities. The companies also experienced both positive and negative effects of implementing IT systems. While efficiency improved, some implementations initially required more staff. There was evidence that IT resources supported business objectives, indicating alignment between IT and business plans. However, the study noted more formal planning processes could be developed.
This document discusses adding an environmental perspective to the balanced scorecard (BSC) as a way to improve corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation in Indonesia. It notes that CSR implementation and reporting is currently low in Indonesia due to companies viewing CSR as an added expense without clear financial benefits. The document suggests including environmental factors in company performance measurement through the BSC, with the hypothesis that linking environmental performance to financial and non-financial metrics may change company mindsets about CSR. It provides background on the BSC's traditional four perspectives and argues for adding an environmental perspective to create a more comprehensive performance assessment.
Accounting Information System (AIS) Alignment And Non-Financial Performance I...CSCJournals
The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between Accounting Information System (AIS) alignments and non-financial performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The result of this research is expected to help the owners of SMEs to understand the importance of AIS alignment to achieve non-financial performance. AIS alignment is influenced by several factors such as: organizational characteristics, owner commitment, and organizational strategies that effect on SMEs performance. The relationship between AIS alignment on performance is explored using data collected from SMEs owners in the Special Administrative Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). The result of this research shows that AIS sophistication, owner commitment, and external IT expertise have significant effects on AIS alignment. AIS alignment also has significant effect on non-financial performance.
This document summarizes preliminary findings from a survey of 30 Malaysian public listed companies regarding their environmental performance and financial development. It describes the companies' facility characteristics, environmental management practices, motivations for environmental practices, and responses to public environmental policy. The majority of companies engage in global or local markets and serve other manufacturers or facilities within their own firms as primary customers. While most allocate no budget specifically to environmental matters, the preliminary analysis suggests companies are aware of environmental issues and undertake some environmental management practices.
Implementation of enterprise resource planning systems in kenyan public unive...Alexander Decker
This document discusses research on the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, a public university in Kenya. It provides background on ERP systems and their benefits. It then describes the research methodology used, which was a descriptive survey and correlation design involving questionnaires and interviews with 60 university staff members from key departments. The findings revealed that 85% of ERP system implementation was accounted for by integrating systems for human resources, finance, procurement, student affairs, and computer science. Gender and duration of ERP system use were also found to significantly influence implementation, with those factors accounting for 28.8% of the implementation.
A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This paper as a qualitative paper attempts to review extant research in term of e-government performance, knowledge
management system, and information technology infrastructure. Nowadays, various countries are trying to improve their performance
by using information technology. In this regard, knowledge management can be considered an influential factor which plays a vital
role in the relationship between IT infrastructure and e-government performance. In the sequel, this paper proposes a framework which
can be applied for future study.
The causality relationship between management in supply chain collaboration w...Alexander Decker
1. The study analyzes factors that determine supply chain management and the prosperity of corn farmers in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
2. The results show that supply chain management is influenced by business process integration, supply chain collaboration, and organizational performance.
3. The prosperity of farmers is directly influenced by supply chain management, supply chain collaboration, and organizational performance, and indirectly influenced by business process integration and competitive advantage.
Core model of information technology governance system design in local govern...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Information technology governance (ITG) in local government is aimed at a good governance service framework. Reports produced as a result of the framework’s implementation help to improve governance’s openness, potency, and efficiency. A strong governance structure for adopting information technology (IT) is essential to ensuring its best utilization. The governance system should be properly managed to support the organization’s business. Therefore, this research aims to design an ITG system suitable for best practices using the control objectives for information technologies (COBIT) 2019 framework. The recommendations from the core model were processed based on the priority or competence level that local government entities use. It also produced a core model with capability levels of 1 and 2 that do not exist. The recommendation designated for the priority level of 3 was 17. The core model to be assigned a capability level of 4 urgently needed to be implemented was 23 core models.
Antecedents of Knowledge Management Practices: Case of Malaysian PractitionersjournalBEEI
In this paper, we investigated the knowledge management (KM) behavior of executives in Malaysia who work in different sectors and involved in Information Technology (IT) related fields. We proposed a conceptual framework based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to study their intention and involvement in KM initiatives. The knowledge creation theory (SECI process) was employed to operationalize KM intention and KM behavior. We proposed six independent variables that represent the social-cultural nature of KM as the antecedence of KM intention. These variables are trust, management support, decentralization, IT support, performance expectancy (PE), and effort expectancy (EE). Seventy-four executives from both private and government-linked organizations responded to our online questionnaire. SmartPLS3 was used to run the analysis. The reliability was ensured with the factor loadings, Cronbach’s alpha, Composite Reliability (CR) that met the fit requirement of above 0.6, 0.7 and 0.7 respectively. The convergent validity was confirmed through average variance extracted (AVE) that met the fit requirement of above 0.5. The discriminant validity was assessed by using Fornell and Larcker’s criterion. Finally, the structural model confirmed that only PE of KM, and EE of KM are the significant predictors of KM intention and the KM intention significantly predicts KM behavior. The implications of the findings are discussed in detail at the end of the paper.
The influence of information technology capability, organizational learning, ...Alexander Decker
This document reports on a study that examined the influence of information technology capability, organizational learning, and knowledge management capability on organizational performance in banking branches in Southern Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The study hypothesized that information technology capability positively impacts organizational learning, knowledge management capability, and organizational performance. It also hypothesized that organizational learning positively impacts knowledge management capability and organizational performance. Survey data were collected from 69 banking branches and analyzed using partial least squares. The results supported most of the hypotheses, finding significant positive relationships between the variables except for the relationship between organizational learning and knowledge management capability.
This document discusses the development of an internal control system for credit union cooperatives in Indonesia. It provides context on the important role of cooperatives in the Indonesian economy. It then reviews weaknesses found in existing cooperative internal controls, such as a lack of written procedures and job descriptions. The objectives of the study are to design an improved internal control system for credit union cooperatives. It reviews components of internal control systems and risks relevant to cooperatives based on prior literature.
WHY KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FAILED by DANIEL DONI SUNDJOJODaniel Doni
The document discusses why knowledge management systems often fail in organizations. It argues that for a KM system to be effective, an organization must first transform into a learning organization where there is a culture of learning, motivation to learn, and a willingness to challenge assumptions. The document presents research from a case study of an internet services provider that implemented a KM system alongside strategic, policy, and operational learning initiatives. The results showed that the KM system was effective because the company had transformed into a learning organization where sharing knowledge and improving was a priority.
The Effect Of Firm Size And Organizational Culture On The Quality Of Financial Reporting In Sharia Microfinancing Institution (Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil) (The Case Of Ex Banyumas Residency-Indonesia)
Employees Adoption of E-Procurement System: An Empirical StudyIJMIT JOURNAL
Today, organizations are investing a lot in their IT infrastructure and reengineering their business processes by digitizing firms. If organizational employees will not optimum utilize its IT infrastructure, the productivity gain reduced enormously. In Uttarakhand e-procurement system implemented by public sector under e-governance integrated mission mode projects. So, there is need to find the determinants which influence employee’s adoption and uses of e-procurement systems. This research study assesses the organizational and individual determinants that influence the use of e-procurement system in Uttarakhand public sector. This study provides managers with the valuable information to take intervention programs to achieve greater acceptance and usage of e-procurement system. Data collected for this study by the means of a survey conducted in Uttarakhand state in 2011. A total 1200 questionnaire forms were distributed personally and online to employees using e-procurement system in Uttarakhand.
Investigating the Influence of E-HRM Practices on Organizational Performance:...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM) came into existence as a result of the evolution of new technology and it leads to eliminating the administrative burden on HR professionals. Financial institutions are the heart of the financial stability of the economy. Nowadays most financial institutions are widely adopting E-HRM practices in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. However, it has been observed that there is a lack of empirical studies regarding this phenomenon in the Sri Lankan context. The main contribution of this study is to enrich the knowledge and investigate the impact of E-HRM practices on organizational performance under the mediation role of organizational agility. Thus, the study focusses on to examine how E-HRM impacts organizational performance, and to determine the mediating role of organizational agility between E-HRM and OP. Questionnaires were distributed by using a convenience sampling method to collect primary data from 40 financial institutions in Sri Lanka. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, descriptive statistics, Baron and Kenny mediator analysis method, and Sobel test. Results of the analysis indicated that E-HRM practices significantly and positively impact organizational performance while organizational agility mediates the relationship between E-HRM practices and OP. Outcomes of this study provided implications like enhancing available literature, to understand the real impact of E-HRM on organizational performance to HR managers. This study also suggests some further research areas for future research.
This document summarizes research on the use of websites for e-tourism marketing and the importance of message credibility. It discusses how countries are increasingly using tourism to boost their economies and how websites are important for disseminating travel information. The document then reviews literature on e-tourism management, the internet as a management tool, and the importance of message credibility for persuading consumers. It finds that message credibility positively impacts message strength and purchase intent for travel destinations.
This document summarizes a study exploring the practice of the Tawhidic Paradigm (TP) in organizational policy and strategy of small and medium enterprises in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study found that while entrepreneurs said they practiced TP according to Islamic teachings, they still faced challenges sustaining their businesses. However, they maintained strong faith in Allah and worked hard as an act of worship. The document argues that while TP in organizational policy and strategy is significant theoretically, more research is needed to prove its practical impact due to a lack of existing examples.
This document discusses factors that affect firm value for public manufacturing firms in Indonesia, including social responsibility, corporate governance, company size, and profitability. It provides background on the relationship between these factors and firm value based on prior literature. Theoretical frameworks discussed that may explain these relationships include agency theory, stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, positive accounting theory, and signaling theory. The purpose of the study is to develop a new model of the relationships between these exogenous, intervening, and endogenous variables based on these theories and prior empirical research.
This study examined the alignment between IT planning and business planning in three large Indian software companies. The researcher collected data through questionnaires sent to IT and business managers, as well as reviewing companies' public documents. The findings showed similarities in how the companies plan and implement IT systems to support business processes. Specifically, executive management had overall responsibility for IT planning and implementation, with input from business operations on directions and opportunities. The companies also experienced both positive and negative effects of implementing IT systems. While efficiency improved, some implementations initially required more staff. There was evidence that IT resources supported business objectives, indicating alignment between IT and business plans. However, the study noted more formal planning processes could be developed.
This document discusses adding an environmental perspective to the balanced scorecard (BSC) as a way to improve corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation in Indonesia. It notes that CSR implementation and reporting is currently low in Indonesia due to companies viewing CSR as an added expense without clear financial benefits. The document suggests including environmental factors in company performance measurement through the BSC, with the hypothesis that linking environmental performance to financial and non-financial metrics may change company mindsets about CSR. It provides background on the BSC's traditional four perspectives and argues for adding an environmental perspective to create a more comprehensive performance assessment.
Accounting Information System (AIS) Alignment And Non-Financial Performance I...CSCJournals
The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between Accounting Information System (AIS) alignments and non-financial performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The result of this research is expected to help the owners of SMEs to understand the importance of AIS alignment to achieve non-financial performance. AIS alignment is influenced by several factors such as: organizational characteristics, owner commitment, and organizational strategies that effect on SMEs performance. The relationship between AIS alignment on performance is explored using data collected from SMEs owners in the Special Administrative Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). The result of this research shows that AIS sophistication, owner commitment, and external IT expertise have significant effects on AIS alignment. AIS alignment also has significant effect on non-financial performance.
This document summarizes preliminary findings from a survey of 30 Malaysian public listed companies regarding their environmental performance and financial development. It describes the companies' facility characteristics, environmental management practices, motivations for environmental practices, and responses to public environmental policy. The majority of companies engage in global or local markets and serve other manufacturers or facilities within their own firms as primary customers. While most allocate no budget specifically to environmental matters, the preliminary analysis suggests companies are aware of environmental issues and undertake some environmental management practices.
Implementation of enterprise resource planning systems in kenyan public unive...Alexander Decker
This document discusses research on the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, a public university in Kenya. It provides background on ERP systems and their benefits. It then describes the research methodology used, which was a descriptive survey and correlation design involving questionnaires and interviews with 60 university staff members from key departments. The findings revealed that 85% of ERP system implementation was accounted for by integrating systems for human resources, finance, procurement, student affairs, and computer science. Gender and duration of ERP system use were also found to significantly influence implementation, with those factors accounting for 28.8% of the implementation.
A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This paper as a qualitative paper attempts to review extant research in term of e-government performance, knowledge
management system, and information technology infrastructure. Nowadays, various countries are trying to improve their performance
by using information technology. In this regard, knowledge management can be considered an influential factor which plays a vital
role in the relationship between IT infrastructure and e-government performance. In the sequel, this paper proposes a framework which
can be applied for future study.
The causality relationship between management in supply chain collaboration w...Alexander Decker
1. The study analyzes factors that determine supply chain management and the prosperity of corn farmers in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
2. The results show that supply chain management is influenced by business process integration, supply chain collaboration, and organizational performance.
3. The prosperity of farmers is directly influenced by supply chain management, supply chain collaboration, and organizational performance, and indirectly influenced by business process integration and competitive advantage.
Core model of information technology governance system design in local govern...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Information technology governance (ITG) in local government is aimed at a good governance service framework. Reports produced as a result of the framework’s implementation help to improve governance’s openness, potency, and efficiency. A strong governance structure for adopting information technology (IT) is essential to ensuring its best utilization. The governance system should be properly managed to support the organization’s business. Therefore, this research aims to design an ITG system suitable for best practices using the control objectives for information technologies (COBIT) 2019 framework. The recommendations from the core model were processed based on the priority or competence level that local government entities use. It also produced a core model with capability levels of 1 and 2 that do not exist. The recommendation designated for the priority level of 3 was 17. The core model to be assigned a capability level of 4 urgently needed to be implemented was 23 core models.
Antecedents of Knowledge Management Practices: Case of Malaysian PractitionersjournalBEEI
In this paper, we investigated the knowledge management (KM) behavior of executives in Malaysia who work in different sectors and involved in Information Technology (IT) related fields. We proposed a conceptual framework based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to study their intention and involvement in KM initiatives. The knowledge creation theory (SECI process) was employed to operationalize KM intention and KM behavior. We proposed six independent variables that represent the social-cultural nature of KM as the antecedence of KM intention. These variables are trust, management support, decentralization, IT support, performance expectancy (PE), and effort expectancy (EE). Seventy-four executives from both private and government-linked organizations responded to our online questionnaire. SmartPLS3 was used to run the analysis. The reliability was ensured with the factor loadings, Cronbach’s alpha, Composite Reliability (CR) that met the fit requirement of above 0.6, 0.7 and 0.7 respectively. The convergent validity was confirmed through average variance extracted (AVE) that met the fit requirement of above 0.5. The discriminant validity was assessed by using Fornell and Larcker’s criterion. Finally, the structural model confirmed that only PE of KM, and EE of KM are the significant predictors of KM intention and the KM intention significantly predicts KM behavior. The implications of the findings are discussed in detail at the end of the paper.
Perceived Importance of Information Technology Governance for Ethiopian Highe...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the perceived importance of Information Technology Governance (ITG) for Ethiopian Higher Educational Institutions (EHEIs). The study used a quantitative survey method to assess the importance of ITG structures, processes, and relational mechanisms. The survey was distributed to IT professionals and officials at 22 public and private universities in Ethiopia. The results found that EHEIs rated the overall importance of ITG at 4.3 out of 5, indicating agreement that ITG is important. Prior local studies on ITG in other sectors also found agreement on its importance. The researcher concludes that EHEIs should implement formal ITG aligned with their business strategies to maximize the benefits and returns on IT
The measurement of maturity level of information technology service based on ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Institutions are currently progressing on IT development and maximization in order to advance for good IT governance. Lack of comprehensive requirements analysis of IT utilization may lead to hindrances within IT development from achieving effective outcomes. This quantitative study employs control objective for information & related technology (COBIT 5) business framework to assess and identify the maturity level of IT service, primarily within the domain of delivery, service, and support (DSS). Data were obtained through questionnaire, observation, and documentation. The result reveals that the average maturity level of IT service is in level 3 (established); by which the study recommends for enhancements and upgrades in IT performance and service within the scope of compliance and IT service application and support.
Analysing The Relationship Between IT Governance And Business IT Alignment Ma...Lori Moore
This document discusses research on the relationship between IT governance maturity and business/IT alignment maturity. The research aims to understand how organizations implement IT governance in practice and analyze the impact of IT governance implementations on business/IT alignment. The research focuses specifically on financial services organizations in Belgium to control for industry and geographic differences. It is hypothesized that organizations with more mature IT governance practices will have a higher degree of business/IT alignment maturity.
Thriving information system through business intelligence knowledge managemen...IJECEIAES
In the current digitalization dilemma of an organization, there is a need for the business intelligence and knowledge management element for enhancing a perspective of learning and strategic management. These elements will comprise a significant evolution of learning, insight gained, experiences and knowledge through compelling theoretical impact for practitioners, academicians, and scholars in the pertinent field of interest. This phenomenon occurs due to digitalization transformation towards industry revolution 5.0 and organizational excellence in the information system area. This research focuses on the characteristic of a comprehensive performance measure perspective in an organization that conceives information assessment and key challenges of Business Intelligence and Knowledge Management in perceiving a relevant organizational excellence framework. The dynamic research focusing on the decision-making process and leveraging better knowledge creation. The future of organization excellence seemed to be convergent in determining the holistic performance measure perspective and its factors towards industry revolution 5.0. The research ends up with a typical basic excellence framework that will mash up some characteristics in designing an organizational strategic performance framework. The output is a conceptual performance measure framework for a typical decision-making application for organizational strategic performance management dashboarding.
Ahlan, ajayi, hussin 2013 - role of governance, ethics and integrity in man...Binyamin Ajayi
This document discusses IT governance, ethics, and integrity in managing IT resources from a Muslim practitioner's perspective.
The key points are:
1. IT governance involves establishing structures, processes, and decision-making mechanisms to ensure IT aligns with and supports organizational strategies and objectives. However, Muslims are not always upholding best practices in optimal use of IT resources.
2. Islam advocates doing things in an ethical way that results in integrity. Muslims should internalize IT best practices and use resources in accordance with their faith.
3. An interview with an IT practitioner at a university in Malaysia found roles and responsibilities are not clearly defined, resulting in wastage and issues being left unattended. Proper governance
IT governance in the public sector: a conceptual modelRiri Kusumarani
IT governance in the public sector: a conceptual model
Tonelli, Adriano Olímpio, et al. "It governance in the public sector: a conceptual model." Information Systems Frontiers (2015): 1-18.
A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a framework examining the relationship between information technology infrastructure, knowledge management systems, and e-government performance. It first reviews literature on e-government, knowledge management, and prior research linking IT, knowledge management, and organizational performance. It then presents the proposed framework, which suggests that IT infrastructure can impact knowledge management systems and e-government performance, and that knowledge management systems play a mediating role. Future research would qualitatively examine IT infrastructure weaknesses and quantitatively test this framework through surveys of experts in different areas of e-government (G2C, G2B, etc.).
ASSESSING THE ORGANIZATIONAL READINESS FOR IMPLEMENTING KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ...ijitcs
The growing importance of business analytics and its increasing influence on the competitive advantage of
organizations leads to the necessity of knowledge management systems, which complex and needs
organizational readiness that has been the subject of earlier research. This study aims to examine whether
the affective factors on the assessment of the readiness for implementation of the knowledge management
system in all organizations are identical. Hence, first by a comprehensive study of literature, readiness
factors of the knowledge management system implementation including six factors of organizational
culture, individuals, information technology infrastructure, knowledge process, senior management
commitment, and strategy were extracted and have been tested in three different organizations of IT
services, educational and commerce. Based on the founding, different factors affect various organizations
and using a general model should not be advised.
IS/IT Capability and Strategic Information System Planning (SISP) SuccessIJMIT JOURNAL
Successful planning of Information Systems (SISP) is perhaps going to be more problematic in today’s world of rapid change and uncertainty. SISP is a cornerstone of the information system discipline and very little attention has been paid to its success based on the resource based view of the firm (RBV).This paper provides a model for IT capability and strategic information system planning success, by considering environmental and organizational factors that may influence this relationship in a contingency model. A review of existing IT capability and SISP literature is given to identify the opportunities in building successful SISP. A model is developed by hypothesizing IT capability as independent variable leads to SISP success as dependent variable; in which organizational & environmental influences are considered as moderating variables. The control variables are firm size, firm structure, and industry type. The study proposes a model to conceptualize the relationship between IT capabilities and SISP success and contingency factors moderating that relationship. This paper explains the ways of exploiting IT capabilities as specialized and integrated knowledge of the firm in IT area to create a more successful SISP. The researchers believe that the aim to build a model for SISP success based on RBV theory is important because this new perspective will be helpful for gaining a superior assessment and better underpinning of the SISP from a knowledge based perspective.
COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS AND VALUE CREATION BEYOND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INVESTM...ijmvsc
This work was aimed at analyzing the relationships between some selected complementary assets (independent variables) and some specified benefits/value creation (dependent variables), beyond Information Technology (IT) investments in an organizational setting. The purpose was to determine
significant complementary assets that impact greatly on value creation beyond IT investments.With 175 questionnaires sent to IT project and program managers of companies in the Telecom industry in Ghana, and analyzed,the following findings were revealed: for value creation beyond IT investments to be
achieved, the staff must be computer literate, there must be the availability of experts and firms around to help in resolving IT problems quickly and timely that crop up, and the staff must be empowered to be innovative with IT. Again, the results showed that most of the complementary assets employed in this work, tend to favor benefits of Improved staff morale and Improved business processes. Also, one of the strongest positive relationships was found to exist between “supportive organizational culture that values efficiency and effectiveness” as predictor variable and “service/product quality” as response
variable.
Neither Information technologies determine organisational structure merely, nor does organisational structure. There is a mutual interaction between there variables. Using information technologies is a must for the organisations in this century. However how information technologies evolved over the time brings a question of what effect can technology bring towards organisations and their structure. This study discusses the conceptual issues that raise the importance of technological tools, views and ways that followed by organisations and changed over the time. It also examines technological, organisational and interactive ties that connect organisational structure and the information technology. It concludes that information technologies have an impact on the organisational structure via centralisation and decentralisation, authority and control, space of control, change in organisational level, departmental structure, decision making process, communication, and organising the work.
Securing Cloud Computing Through IT GovernanceITIIIndustries
Lack of alignment between information technology (IT) and the business is a problem facing many organizations. Most organizations, today, fundamentally depend on IT. When IT and the business are aligned in an organization, IT delivers what the business needs and the business is able to deliver what the market needs. IT has become a strategic function for most organizations, and it is imperative that IT and business are aligned. IT governance is one of the most powerful ways to achieve IT to business alignment. Furthermore, as the use of cloud computing for delivering IT functions becomes pervasive, organizations using cloud computing must effectively apply IT governance to it. While cloud computing presents tremendous
opportunities, it comes with risks as well. Information security
is one of the top risks in cloud computing. Thus, IT governance must be applied to cloud computing information security to help manage the risks associated with cloud computing information security. This study advances knowledge by extending IT governance to cloud computing and information security governance.
Can Technological, Organizational and Individual Antecedents Together Optimiz...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Faculty members’ are the intellectual leader for
developing societies. It is believed that the new knowledge
is created and transferred to the people in the Universities.
Although, relatively still an infancy field of research,
studies in Knowledge Management (KM) and Knowledge
Sharing (KS) continue to be on the boost. Knowledge
Sharing and Innovation are also whispered to be interrelated and could influence organizational performance.
Studies show that individual’s knowledge does not renovate
simply into institutional knowledge even with the use of
knowledge depository. Furthermore, it is also believed that
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can
enhance knowledge sharing with the integration of
individual behaviour and diverse organizational factors. As
a comparatively new field of research, studies on
knowledge sharing based on Information Systems (IS) in
developed countries is also on the increase. Unfortunately,
knowledge sharing research in the higher academic
institutions in developing countries were mostly found to be
given trivial considerations. Therefore, the aim of this
study is to investigate whether the technological,
organizational and individual factors together can help
increase Knowledge Sharing in HEIs and contribute it in
augmenting organizational performance in developing
countries. The methodology of this study was
subjective/argumentative i.e., idea generation in
Information Systems (IS). The findings of the study reveal
that utilizing the technological, organizational and
individual antecedents together for organizational
knowledge sharing can augment overall organizational
performance. The study explored the antecedents that
increased innovation in organizations. These were the
individual intention, attitude, self-efficacy for training and
development, subjective norm, organizational trust,
leadership, organizational rewards, organizational culture,
social network, and use of ICT. It also reveals that KS
could be increased in the organizations utilizing selecting
and initiating proper antecedents for practicing KS. We
desire to extend this study to further an empirical
investigation on the same issue to validate the research
results.
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE LIBRARY IM...ijait
This document summarizes an exploratory study of critical success factors for ITIL implementation in two public service organizations in Saudi Arabia. The study identified several key success factors through in-depth case studies, which it then compared to factors identified in previous literature. Some of the most important success factors included top management support, clear goals and objectives, communication, training, change management, and customer-focused metrics. The study aims to contribute to the limited research on ITIL implementation success factors, especially within the Saudi context.
The Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Business Manage...Dr. Nazrul Islam
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an integral part of business management now-a-day. It is inevitable for the smooth running of business irrespective of size and complexity all over the world. Due to the rapid development of ICT and its huge use in all spheres of our lives, businesses are also influenced by it. Now, businesses are managing their resources by using ICT support that is helping them to perform their tasks faster and accurate than before. But the developing countries like Bangladesh are still struggling to introduce ICT supports in all areas of businesses. But due to a very strong culture at work place, this effort is hindered substantially. Therefore, this paper aims at identifying the present status of the use of ICT in business management and its challenges it faces. Secondary data have been primarily used for conducting this study which was collected from the different business reports and the journal papers. An experience survey was also conducted among the senior administrators of the business houses were also included in the study. Results show that the use of ICT is very low in the small and medium business enterprises while the large businesses houses are using ICT supports. Results also show that the use of ICT primarily depends on the complexity and the nature of the business. The entrepreneurs who have ICT literacy, they are mostly using ICT supports in the management of their businesses. This study suggests that the business houses in Bangladesh should use ICT support in order to increase the efficiency at their work. But this is often depends on the ICT infrastructure of the country as a whole.
COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS AND VALUE CREATION BEYOND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INVES...ijmvsc
This work was aimed at analyzing the relationships between some selected complementary assets
(independent variables) and some specified benefits/value creation (dependent variables), beyond
Information Technology (IT) investments in an organizational setting. The purpose was to determine
significant complementary assets that impact greatly on value creation beyond IT investments.With 175
questionnaires sent to IT project and program managers of companies in the Telecom industry in Ghana,
and analyzed,thefollowing findings were revealed: for value creation beyond IT investments to be
achieved, the staff must be computer literate, there must be the availability of experts and firms around to
help in resolving IT problems quickly and timely that crop up, and the staff must be empowered to be
innovative with IT. Again, the results showed that most of the complementary assets employed in this
work, tend to favor benefits of Improved staff morale and Improved business processes. Also, one of the
strongest positive relationships was found to exist between “supportive organizational culture that
values efficiency and effectiveness” as predictor variable and “service/product quality” as response
variable.
The Contribution of Information Technology Infrastructure in the Information ...IJRES Journal
There are some great innovations in e-government during the past decade. And there is intense competition between some governments and leaders in the supply of services on the Internet. Some countries do not want to stay behind in this area, where many governments have developed detailed strategies to realize the e-government programs. Despite differences in goals behind these programs from one country to another, but there are still many points of convergence between them particularly in information technology infrastructure field. However, Problems associated with the process of application and adoption of e-government due to poor systems and infrastructure construction, which negatively affects the adoption of the public services through the e-government portal, in particular in developing countries. This study argued contribution the information technology Infrastructure in Information Systems success in e-government agencies. Where there are weaknesses in the understanding of this contribution and its importance in many developing countries, so the researcher proposed a model to clarify this contribution, and expected a positive relationship between the information technology infrastructure factors and information systems success, and this affects positively or negatively the adoption of e-government.
The Relationships Between IT Flexibility, IT-Business Strategic Alignment and...IJMIT JOURNAL
What seems to still be the main concern for managers in the corporate world across the globe is IT business strategic alignment. This study seeks to address the research problem about the lack of alignment between IT and business strategies. Upon reviewing various literature on this subject, it was found that IT flexibility is one of the most vital factors that help sustain strategic alignment. The researcher upon having a detailed discussion on the possible areas associated with the present body of knowledge has discovered gaps in the studies that have been undertaken on strategic alignment and IT flexibility. This is because IT capability in relation to IT flexibility and strategic alignment has been ignored in the previous studies. As a result, this research proposes a relationship between IT flexibility (i.e., modularity, connectivity and compatibility), IT capability, and strategic alignment.
Similar to Conceptualizing Information Technology Governance Model for Higher Education: An Absorptive Capacity Approach (20)
Square transposition: an approach to the transposition process in block cipherjournalBEEI
The transposition process is needed in cryptography to create a diffusion effect on data encryption standard (DES) and advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithms as standard information security algorithms by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The problem with DES and AES algorithms is that their transposition index values form patterns and do not form random values. This condition will certainly make it easier for a cryptanalyst to look for a relationship between ciphertexts because some processes are predictable. This research designs a transposition algorithm called square transposition. Each process uses square 8 × 8 as a place to insert and retrieve 64-bits. The determination of the pairing of the input scheme and the retrieval scheme that have unequal flow is an important factor in producing a good transposition. The square transposition can generate random and non-pattern indices so that transposition can be done better than DES and AES.
Hyper-parameter optimization of convolutional neural network based on particl...journalBEEI
The document proposes using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the hyperparameters of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for image classification. The PSO algorithm is used to find optimal values for CNN hyperparameters like the number and size of convolutional filters. In experiments on the MNIST handwritten digit dataset, the optimized CNN achieved a testing error rate of 0.87%, which is competitive with state-of-the-art models. The proposed approach finds optimized CNN architectures automatically without requiring manual design or encoding strategies during training.
Supervised machine learning based liver disease prediction approach with LASS...journalBEEI
In this contemporary era, the uses of machine learning techniques are increasing rapidly in the field of medical science for detecting various diseases such as liver disease (LD). Around the globe, a large number of people die because of this deadly disease. By diagnosing the disease in a primary stage, early treatment can be helpful to cure the patient. In this research paper, a method is proposed to diagnose the LD using supervised machine learning classification algorithms, namely logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, KNN, linear discriminant analysis, gradient boosting and support vector machine (SVM). We also deployed a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) feature selection technique on our taken dataset to suggest the most highly correlated attributes of LD. The predictions with 10 fold cross-validation (CV) made by the algorithms are tested in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, precision and f1-score values to forecast the disease. It is observed that the decision tree algorithm has the best performance score where accuracy, precision, sensitivity and f1-score values are 94.295%, 92%, 99% and 96% respectively with the inclusion of LASSO. Furthermore, a comparison with recent studies is shown to prove the significance of the proposed system.
A secure and energy saving protocol for wireless sensor networksjournalBEEI
The research domain for wireless sensor networks (WSN) has been extensively conducted due to innovative technologies and research directions that have come up addressing the usability of WSN under various schemes. This domain permits dependable tracking of a diversity of environments for both military and civil applications. The key management mechanism is a primary protocol for keeping the privacy and confidentiality of the data transmitted among different sensor nodes in WSNs. Since node's size is small; they are intrinsically limited by inadequate resources such as battery life-time and memory capacity. The proposed secure and energy saving protocol (SESP) for wireless sensor networks) has a significant impact on the overall network life-time and energy dissipation. To encrypt sent messsages, the SESP uses the public-key cryptography’s concept. It depends on sensor nodes' identities (IDs) to prevent the messages repeated; making security goals- authentication, confidentiality, integrity, availability, and freshness to be achieved. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed approach produced better energy consumption and network life-time compared to LEACH protocol; sensors are dead after 900 rounds in the proposed SESP protocol. While, in the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) scheme, the sensors are dead after 750 rounds.
Plant leaf identification system using convolutional neural networkjournalBEEI
This paper proposes a leaf identification system using convolutional neural network (CNN). This proposed system can identify five types of local Malaysia leaf which were acacia, papaya, cherry, mango and rambutan. By using CNN from deep learning, the network is trained from the database that acquired from leaf images captured by mobile phone for image classification. ResNet-50 was the architecture has been used for neural networks image classification and training the network for leaf identification. The recognition of photographs leaves requested several numbers of steps, starting with image pre-processing, feature extraction, plant identification, matching and testing, and finally extracting the results achieved in MATLAB. Testing sets of the system consists of 3 types of images which were white background, and noise added and random background images. Finally, interfaces for the leaf identification system have developed as the end software product using MATLAB app designer. As a result, the accuracy achieved for each training sets on five leaf classes are recorded above 98%, thus recognition process was successfully implemented.
Customized moodle-based learning management system for socially disadvantaged...journalBEEI
This study aims to develop Moodle-based LMS with customized learning content and modified user interface to facilitate pedagogical processes during covid-19 pandemic and investigate how teachers of socially disadvantaged schools perceived usability and technology acceptance. Co-design process was conducted with two activities: 1) need assessment phase using an online survey and interview session with the teachers and 2) the development phase of the LMS. The system was evaluated by 30 teachers from socially disadvantaged schools for relevance to their distance learning activities. We employed computer software usability questionnaire (CSUQ) to measure perceived usability and the technology acceptance model (TAM) with insertion of 3 original variables (i.e., perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use) and 5 external variables (i.e., attitude toward the system, perceived interaction, self-efficacy, user interface design, and course design). The average CSUQ rating exceeded 5.0 of 7 point-scale, indicated that teachers agreed that the information quality, interaction quality, and user interface quality were clear and easy to understand. TAM results concluded that the LMS design was judged to be usable, interactive, and well-developed. Teachers reported an effective user interface that allows effective teaching operations and lead to the system adoption in immediate time.
Understanding the role of individual learner in adaptive and personalized e-l...journalBEEI
Dynamic learning environment has emerged as a powerful platform in a modern e-learning system. The learning situation that constantly changing has forced the learning platform to adapt and personalize its learning resources for students. Evidence suggested that adaptation and personalization of e-learning systems (APLS) can be achieved by utilizing learner modeling, domain modeling, and instructional modeling. In the literature of APLS, questions have been raised about the role of individual characteristics that are relevant for adaptation. With several options, a new problem has been raised where the attributes of students in APLS often overlap and are not related between studies. Therefore, this study proposed a list of learner model attributes in dynamic learning to support adaptation and personalization. The study was conducted by exploring concepts from the literature selected based on the best criteria. Then, we described the results of important concepts in student modeling and provided definitions and examples of data values that researchers have used. Besides, we also discussed the implementation of the selected learner model in providing adaptation in dynamic learning.
Prototype mobile contactless transaction system in traditional markets to sup...journalBEEI
1) Researchers developed a prototype contactless transaction system using QR codes and digital payments to support physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in traditional markets.
2) The system allows sellers and buyers in traditional markets to conduct fast, secure transactions via smartphones without direct cash exchange. Buyers scan sellers' QR codes to view product details and make e-wallet payments.
3) Testing showed the system's functions worked properly and users found it easy to use and useful for supporting contactless transactions and digital transformation of traditional markets. However, further development is needed to increase trust in digital payments for users unfamiliar with the technology.
Wireless HART stack using multiprocessor technique with laxity algorithmjournalBEEI
The use of a real-time operating system is required for the demarcation of industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) stacks (RTOS). In the industrial world, a vast number of sensors are utilised to gather various types of data. The data gathered by the sensors cannot be prioritised ahead of time. Because all of the information is equally essential. As a result, a protocol stack is employed to guarantee that data is acquired and processed fairly. In IWSN, the protocol stack is implemented using RTOS. The data collected from IWSN sensor nodes is processed using non-preemptive scheduling and the protocol stack, and then sent in parallel to the IWSN's central controller. The real-time operating system (RTOS) is a process that occurs between hardware and software. Packets must be sent at a certain time. It's possible that some packets may collide during transmission. We're going to undertake this project to get around this collision. As a prototype, this project is divided into two parts. The first uses RTOS and the LPC2148 as a master node, while the second serves as a standard data collection node to which sensors are attached. Any controller may be used in the second part, depending on the situation. Wireless HART allows two nodes to communicate with each other.
Implementation of double-layer loaded on octagon microstrip yagi antennajournalBEEI
This document describes the implementation of a double-layer structure on an octagon microstrip yagi antenna (OMYA) to improve its performance at 5.8 GHz. The double-layer consists of two double positive (DPS) substrates placed above the OMYA. Simulation and experimental results show that the double-layer configuration increases the gain of the OMYA by 2.5 dB compared to without the double-layer. The measured bandwidth of the OMYA with double-layer is 14.6%, indicating the double-layer can increase both the gain and bandwidth of the OMYA.
The calculation of the field of an antenna located near the human headjournalBEEI
In this work, a numerical calculation was carried out in one of the universal programs for automatic electro-dynamic design. The calculation is aimed at obtaining numerical values for specific absorbed power (SAR). It is the SAR value that can be used to determine the effect of the antenna of a wireless device on biological objects; the dipole parameters will be selected for GSM1800. Investigation of the influence of distance to a cell phone on radiation shows that absorbed in the head of a person the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the brain decreases by three times this is a very important result the SAR value has decreased by almost three times it is acceptable results.
Exact secure outage probability performance of uplinkdownlink multiple access...journalBEEI
In this paper, we study uplink-downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems by considering the secure performance at the physical layer. In the considered system model, the base station acts a relay to allow two users at the left side communicate with two users at the right side. By considering imperfect channel state information (CSI), the secure performance need be studied since an eavesdropper wants to overhear signals processed at the downlink. To provide secure performance metric, we derive exact expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) and and evaluating the impacts of main parameters on SOP metric. The important finding is that we can achieve the higher secrecy performance at high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, the numerical results demonstrate that the SOP tends to a constant at high SNR. Finally, our results show that the power allocation factors, target rates are main factors affecting to the secrecy performance of considered uplink-downlink NOMA systems.
Design of a dual-band antenna for energy harvesting applicationjournalBEEI
This report presents an investigation on how to improve the current dual-band antenna to enhance the better result of the antenna parameters for energy harvesting application. Besides that, to develop a new design and validate the antenna frequencies that will operate at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. At 5.4 GHz, more data can be transmitted compare to 2.4 GHz. However, 2.4 GHz has long distance of radiation, so it can be used when far away from the antenna module compare to 5 GHz that has short distance in radiation. The development of this project includes the scope of designing and testing of antenna using computer simulation technology (CST) 2018 software and vector network analyzer (VNA) equipment. In the process of designing, fundamental parameters of antenna are being measured and validated, in purpose to identify the better antenna performance.
Transforming data-centric eXtensible markup language into relational database...journalBEEI
eXtensible markup language (XML) appeared internationally as the format for data representation over the web. Yet, most organizations are still utilising relational databases as their database solutions. As such, it is crucial to provide seamless integration via effective transformation between these database infrastructures. In this paper, we propose XML-REG to bridge these two technologies based on node-based and path-based approaches. The node-based approach is good to annotate each positional node uniquely, while the path-based approach provides summarised path information to join the nodes. On top of that, a new range labelling is also proposed to annotate nodes uniquely by ensuring the structural relationships are maintained between nodes. If a new node is to be added to the document, re-labelling is not required as the new label will be assigned to the node via the new proposed labelling scheme. Experimental evaluations indicated that the performance of XML-REG exceeded XMap, XRecursive, XAncestor and Mini-XML concerning storing time, query retrieval time and scalability. This research produces a core framework for XML to relational databases (RDB) mapping, which could be adopted in various industries.
Key performance requirement of future next wireless networks (6G)journalBEEI
The document provides an overview of the key performance indicators (KPIs) for 6G wireless networks compared to 5G networks. Some of the major KPIs discussed for 6G include: achieving data rates of up to 1 Tbps and individual user data rates up to 100 Gbps; reducing latency below 10 milliseconds; supporting up to 10 million connected devices per square kilometer; improving spectral efficiency by up to 100 times through technologies like terahertz communications and smart surfaces; and achieving an energy efficiency of 1 pico-joule per bit transmitted through techniques like wireless power transmission and energy harvesting. The document outlines how 6G aims to integrate terrestrial, aerial and maritime communications into a single network to provide ubiquitous connectivity with higher
Noise resistance territorial intensity-based optical flow using inverse confi...journalBEEI
This paper presents the use of the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function with the territorial intensity-based optical flow to prove the effectiveness in noise resistance environment. In general, the image’s motion vector is coded by the technique called optical flow where the sequences of the image are used to determine the motion vector. But, the accuracy rate of the motion vector is reduced when the source of image sequences is interfered by noises. This work proved that the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function can increase the percentage of accuracy in the motion vector determination by the territorial intensity-based optical flow under the noisy environment. We performed the testing with several kinds of non-Gaussian noises at several patterns of standard image sequences by analyzing the result of the motion vector in a form of the error vector magnitude (EVM) and compared it with several noise resistance techniques in territorial intensity-based optical flow method.
Modeling climate phenomenon with software grids analysis and display system i...journalBEEI
This study aims to model climate change based on rainfall, air temperature, pressure, humidity and wind with grADS software and create a global warming module. This research uses 3D model, define, design, and develop. The results of the modeling of the five climate elements consist of the annual average temperature in Indonesia in 2009-2015 which is between 29oC to 30.1oC, the horizontal distribution of the annual average pressure in Indonesia in 2009-2018 is between 800 mBar to 1000 mBar, the horizontal distribution the average annual humidity in Indonesia in 2009 and 2011 ranged between 27-57, in 2012-2015, 2017 and 2018 it ranged between 30-60, during the East Monsoon, the wind circulation moved from northern Indonesia to the southern region Indonesia. During the west monsoon, the wind circulation moves from the southern part of Indonesia to the northern part of Indonesia. The global warming module for SMA/MA produced is feasible to use, this is in accordance with the value given by the validate of 69 which is in the appropriate category and the response of teachers and students through a 91% questionnaire.
An approach of re-organizing input dataset to enhance the quality of emotion ...journalBEEI
The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach of re-organizing input data to recognize emotion based on short signal segments and increase the quality of emotional recognition using physiological signals. MIT's long physiological signal set was divided into two new datasets, with shorter and overlapped segments. Three different classification methods (support vector machine, random forest, and multilayer perceptron) were implemented to identify eight emotional states based on statistical features of each segment in these two datasets. By re-organizing the input dataset, the quality of recognition results was enhanced. The random forest shows the best classification result among three implemented classification methods, with an accuracy of 97.72% for eight emotional states, on the overlapped dataset. This approach shows that, by re-organizing the input dataset, the high accuracy of recognition results can be achieved without the use of EEG and ECG signals.
Parking detection system using background subtraction and HSV color segmentationjournalBEEI
Manual system vehicle parking makes finding vacant parking lots difficult, so it has to check directly to the vacant space. If many people do parking, then the time needed for it is very much or requires many people to handle it. This research develops a real-time parking system to detect parking. The system is designed using the HSV color segmentation method in determining the background image. In addition, the detection process uses the background subtraction method. Applying these two methods requires image preprocessing using several methods such as grayscaling, blurring (low-pass filter). In addition, it is followed by a thresholding and filtering process to get the best image in the detection process. In the process, there is a determination of the ROI to determine the focus area of the object identified as empty parking. The parking detection process produces the best average accuracy of 95.76%. The minimum threshold value of 255 pixels is 0.4. This value is the best value from 33 test data in several criteria, such as the time of capture, composition and color of the vehicle, the shape of the shadow of the object’s environment, and the intensity of light. This parking detection system can be implemented in real-time to determine the position of an empty place.
Quality of service performances of video and voice transmission in universal ...journalBEEI
The universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) has distinct benefits in that it supports a wide range of quality of service (QoS) criteria that users require in order to fulfill their requirements. The transmission of video and audio in real-time applications places a high demand on the cellular network, therefore QoS is a major problem in these applications. The ability to provide QoS in the UMTS backbone network necessitates an active QoS mechanism in order to maintain the necessary level of convenience on UMTS networks. For UMTS networks, investigation models for end-to-end QoS, total transmitted and received data, packet loss, and throughput providing techniques are run and assessed and the simulation results are examined. According to the results, appropriate QoS adaption allows for specific voice and video transmission. Finally, by analyzing existing QoS parameters, the QoS performance of 4G/UMTS networks may be improved.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
2. ISSN: 2302-9285
BEEI, Vol. 7, No. 1, March 2018 : 117 – 124
118
Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to develop an IT governance evaluation model using the
Absorptive Capacity approach, which is part of the OL theory. The model is developed for the context of
higher education, as a review of part literature indicate that most IT governance models were developed for
private organizations and very few considered the higher education sector. Moreover, higher educational
institutions (HEIs) are in the midst of transformation and becoming more dependent on IT to achieve their
organizational missions and goals. Hence, IT governance is considered as a critical issue in HEIs just like the
profit-oriented counterparts.
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1. Defining IT governance
There is still no consensus on how to define IT governance [5]. This may be due to the different
perspectives researchers have taken into consideration when making such definitions. According to [6], the
IT Governance Institute (ITGI) and Weill and Ross’s definitions are the most adopted among Information
Systems researchers. The ITGI defines IT governance as the leadership, organizational structures and
processes that ensure that the organization’s IT sustains and extend the organizations missions and objectives
[7]. Weill [3] defined IT governance as specifying the decision rights and accountability standard to
encourage desirable IT behaviour. Based on the above definitions and a synthesis of other definitions as well
[8]-[10], this paper considers IT governance as “IT behaviour deliberately designed and adopted by an
enterprise to enable continuous organisational performance”.
IT governance implementation is influenced by external and internal factors. Several past studies
have examined the factors that affect IT governance implementation [11]. Some of the factors identified
include organizational culture and structure, strategy, size, regional differences, industry, maturity, ethics and
trust [5]. Past researchers agreed that when IT and business appreciates their capabilities and are aligned, the
goal of investment in IT is achievable. Such relationship can only be achieved when there is a deliberate
crafting and design of governance by the leadership which is cascaded down the enterprise to enable
desirable IT behaviour.
Recently, researchers have started to identify key governance mechanisms contributing to effective
IT governance. For example, [12] investigated the influence of IT governance mechanisms on IT governance
effectiveness in the Australia public sector. The study found two factors namely, the existence of an IT
strategy committee and corporate communication systems, to be significant predictors for effective IT
governance.
2.2. IT Governance and Organization Performance
The impact of IT governance on organizational performance has been well established in several
past studies. For example, [3] found that top-performing companies generate up to 40% higher return on IT
investment than their competitors because of companies can get more value from IT through more effective
IT governance. Effective IT governance is critical since most organizations invest heavily in IT and also
because IT governance enable organizations to explore new business opportunities.
Such ITG practices influence IT and business alignment of the organisation as the enterprise is well
aware of the direction of IT [13]. The result of such awareness is higher governance performance. This is
because senior managers are able to describe the ITG given their ability to explore their knowledge and thus
be able to leverage IT [2].
2.3. IT Governance in Higher Education
HEI, do harness IT in transforming education, learning and development. As a result, the use of IT
is on the increase especially with the demand for globalisation and liberalisation which make HEIs need to
become flexible in service delivery. In fact, the demand for IT based products has increased due to increase
in students’ population [14]. With the increasing use of IT among HEIs, so the critical need for its effective
governance.
For HEIs, IT governance means ensuring that the university IT strategy is aligned with the
institution’s strategic plan [15]. The 2013 EDUCAUSE Centre for Applied Research (ECAR) report
highlighted that only 10 percent of the responding institutions have very effective IT governance program; 61
percent have somewhat effective or ineffective IT governance programs [15]. While IT governance seemed
to be a critical issue in HEIs, very few studies have been done to examine the issue this context.
[16] investigated the issues related to IT governance in a public university in Malaysia using a case
study method and found that the university lacks a common approach in decisions related to IT planning, IT
funding and IT project development. [17] studied eight Australia universities and found that decentralized
structure is the most common and these universities are at different levels of maturity in terms of IT
3. BEEI ISSN: 2302-9285
Conceptualizing Information Technology Governance Model for Higher… (Binyamin Adeniyi Ajayi)
119
governance practices. A study on HEI in Thailand by [18] found IT governance at Thai universities were in
the initial stage and most IT executives were not familiar with IT principles.
More recently, [19] examined the role of IT executives in higher education by looking at the skills
and experience necessary to be a Chief Information Officer (CIO). Using a qualitative study, the findings
indicated that an effective CIO for HEI need to have multi-dimensional personalities, diverse experience and
must have higher education background.
While the above studies look at IT governance in the context of HEIs, the specific on how HEIs
management evaluate performance with respect to governance of IT is relatively scarce in the literature.
3. THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT
3.1. Organizational Learning Theory
Organizational learning theory is concerned with development of insights, knowledge and
associations between past actions, the effectiveness of those actions and future actions. Organisations are
assembly of functions learning in an atmosphere that comprises largely of learning sub-units. Learning has
been defined as a process by which organisations develop competence through use and among which they
choose based on experience. This ability of an organisation is a function of the capacity of the individual in
its community to recognise and acquire needed information. Learning thus depends largely on the features of
the memories of its constituent members [20] in their ability not only through the discovery of new
knowledge but the ability to create new ones.
Past researches on organizational learning focused on two streams: exploration and exploitation.
Exploration refers to learning gained through processes of concerted variation, organizational
experimentation and quests for knowledge for unknown market opportunities. Exploitation refers to learning
gained via local search, experiential refinement and the use of existing knowledge, competencies, and
technologies [21], [22] relate absorptive capacity processes to three learning processes: Exploratory learning
is used to recognize and understand new external knowledge, transformative learning combines new
knowledge with existing knowledge thereby enable organization to assimilate valuable external knowledge,
and exploitative learning is used to apply the assimilated external knowledge. In short, absorptive capacity
and organizational learning are definitely related but how they are related is still not clear. While absorptive
capacity is a well-defined construct, OL is broad concept and considered as a theory. While absorptive
capacity focuses on the role of external knowledge, OL spans both internal and external knowledge. While it
is implied that organizations should actively increase their absorptive capacity, organizations can learn either
actively or passively.
3.2. Absorptive Capacity
Absorptive capacity is defined as the ability to identify, assimilate, transform and apply external
knowledge [20]. Absorptive capacity is a construct of organisation learning (OL) which is contingent upon an
organisation’s ability to, through its related prior knowledge, explore new knowledge, assimilate or transform
it and apply it to commercial ends and for the value creation [20]. Absorptive capacity is a multi-dimensional
construct that consists of three distinct yet interrelated capabilities: knowledge identification, knowledge
assimilation/transformation, and knowledge application [22]. An organization’s ability to absorb valuable
external knowledge depends on its level of prior knowledge. When viewed as an asset, absorptive capacity is
conceptualized as the level of relevant prior knowledge possessed by the organization. However, absorptive
may be viewed as substantive organizational capability which viewed routines and processes as ways to
identify, assimilate/transform and apply external knowledge, or as dynamic capability which refers to
capacity of an organization to purposefully create, extend, or modify its resources base. [21] mentioned that
the predominant view is that absorptive capacity is an organizational capability, not an asset.
Looking through past literature, [21] found that IS researchers both conceptualize and operationalize
absorptive capacity as either an asset or a capability. For example, absorptive capacity is measured as a
leadership’s ability to recognize valuable business and IT information, develop learning, and apply learning
in guiding organizational IT innovation activities. An organization’s absorptive capacity is derived in part
through the character and distribution of expertise within the organization. One of the specialized knowledge
base of an organization is business-IT knowledge. This refers to the combination of IT-related and business-
related knowledge possessed by and exchanged among IT and business managers.
Based on available definition of Absorptive Capacity by [20], [22] and the fact that IT have
important roles in the realisation of organisational objectives, governance of IT is necessary which will lead
to developing IT capabilities that is leveraged upon to enable organisational learning. Thus it is suggestive
that for organisation continuous leverage of IT there is need to focus on IT absorptive capacity. Thus this is
the capacity to purposefully create, extend or modify the organisation knowledge-base through some set of
4. ISSN: 2302-9285
BEEI, Vol. 7, No. 1, March 2018 : 117 – 124
120
routines and processes. Such ability is not just to identify new business-IT knowledge but also to be able to
assimilate the new knowledge or transform the existing one to accommodate new knowledge and apply it for
creating business value.
This paper see the IT governance absorptive capacity as a function of the effectiveness of the
organisation’s IT governance which necessarily implies that IT and business understand and appreciates each
other and are thus aligned. The fact is that when organisation focus more on implementing sound IT
governance strategies based on collaboration and experience sharing, senior executive managers are assisted
to appreciate the perceptions between IT and enterprise. The result in such case will be an organisation with a
better performance.
3.3. The Proposed Research Model
The proposed research model is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. IT governance-absorptive capacity model for HEI
The overall rational for the model is that the implementation of IT governance mechanisms can
facilitate the HEI’s ability to absorb valuable external knowledge which thereby leads to higher
organizational performance. Although there have been past studies that have examined and validated the link
between IT governance and organizational performance (for example, [3]), none have examined the impact
of IT mechanisms on organizational performance from the lens of absorptive capacity. In other words, it is
not well understood how the organizations capitalize on their prior knowledge of IT governance and integrate
it with relevant external knowledge and apply this new knowledge of IT governance to affect the
performance of the organization. This model is proposed to gain insights on the impact of IT governance on
HEI
The dependent variable is the HEI performance impacted by the level of IT governance absorptive
capacity, which in turn was affected by the level of IT mechanism capability. IT governance absorptive
capacity mediates the impact of IT governance on organizational performance. The following section will
discuss the variables and hypotheses of the model in detail.
4. OPERATIONALIZATION OF VARIABLES AND HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT
This section will discuss on each of the variables in the research model and followed with
justification for hypotheses development.
4.1. IT Governance Mechanism
[9] proposed that IT governance can be implemented through a framework of structures, processes
and relational mechanisms. Similarly, [3] proposed that effective IT governance employ three different types
of mechanisms, namely, decision-making structures, alignment processes and communication approaches.
They argued that having these three mechanisms in place will promote desirable IT behaviour which in turn
lead to desired performance goals.
IT structural capability concern with the capability of an organisation in designating positions, roles
and responsibilities on IT. Structures involve clearly defined roles and responsibilities and a set of
IT/Business committees such as steering committee. Earlier studies on IT governance have focused on this
aspect of IT governance where the concern was how IT was structured in an organisation. However,
knowledge of this aspect has evolved over the years and today many realized that there is no single pattern
can be considered as the best. [3] came up with a broader view of IT structure, arguing that no pattern of IT
structure is the best for all organizations. Researchers have operationalised IT structural capability in various
ways including IT strategy committee, IT steering committee, CIO on Board, Architecture Steering
IT Governance Performance
Cost effective use of IT
IT-enhanced T&L
IT-enhanced Research
IT-enhanced Administration
IT-enhanced Compliance
ITG Mechanism
Structural capability
Process capability
Relational capability
ITG Absorptive Capacity
Explore
Transform
Exploit
H1111 H2111
5. BEEI ISSN: 2302-9285
Conceptualizing Information Technology Governance Model for Higher… (Binyamin Adeniyi Ajayi)
121
Committee, CIO reporting to the CEO or COO, IT Expertise at the level of the board of Directors and
Business/IT Relationship Managers [1], [13].
IT process capability refers to IT governance processes and competencies associated with successful
implementation and use of IT. It covers procedures involved in arriving at strategic IT decision-making as
well as its monitoring [8], [13] to achieve the desired IT behaviour. [14] posit that this consist of various IT
governance frameworks or tools to examine IS activities and value to business. Ribbers, Peterson and Parker
(2002) argues the fact that both management tools, in form of frameworks, and experiences of the way they
are implemented, are very important contingencies of IT governance outcome. This mechanism includes IT
Balanced Scorecard, Service Level Agreement, Portfolio Management, Chargeback, ITG Framework CobiT,
project governance/management technologies, strategic information systems planning [1].
Relational capability refers to the strategic dialogue, shared learning and participation between
business and IT and among stakeholders within the enterprise. This aspect of the IT governance mechanism
is regarded as very important in the attainment of business and IT alignment [13]. This is where the bulk of
knowledge acquired via interaction of business and IT side of the organisation may be exploited to the
benefit of the consumer. The importance of business and IT is pronounced when the concern is on
understanding how policies and decisions or how processes for using IT effectively in an organisation are
arrived at. The higher the ability of senior management to describe the IT governance of an organisation, the
higher the governance performance as it is an indication of effective governance [2], [3]. This mechanism
include IT leadership, IT governance awareness campaigns, informal meetings between business and IT
executive, job rotation, business/IT account management [1].
Past researchers who have investigated the impacts of specific IT governance mechanism on the
overall effectiveness of IT governance include [13] and [12]. Their findings indicated some positive
influence of IT governance mechanism on IT governance effectiveness. [4] highlighted that a more complete
and solid empirical support for the three types of governance mechanisms identified is still insufficient.
Additionally, the specific influence of each type of IT governance capabilities has not been explored in the
context of higher education. Hence this study attempt to contribute to the knowledge domain by
understanding how IT governance mechanism affect IT governance effectiveness based on absorptive
capacity approach. Hence the following hypothesis is derived:
H1: IT governance mechanism positively influence IT governance absorptive capacity in HEIs.
4.2. IT Governance Absorptive Capacity
Exploring the level of business and IT knowledge in an organisation that leverage IT provide
another way of looking at how this impact on the performance. Business-IT knowledge is seen here as the
relationship between both internal within the organisation and external with extra-ministerial organisations
that has to be dealt with in the business of the organisation. [21] sees this knowledge as a combination of IT-
related and business-related knowledge possessed and exchange by business and IT managers. At the
individual level it involves the competency possessed by either the business manager or its IT counterpart. At
the collective level it refers to shared domain knowledge between the business and IT managers [21]. This
implies the ability of the business manager to understand IT capability and its IT counterpart understanding
ways through which IT can be deployed to beget organisational efficiency and effectiveness.
IT governance absorptive capacity is dimensioned as the business-IT knowledge which involves the
capability to identify and create valuable knowledge; assimilate the knowledge and apply the knowledge to
enable organisation performance [21], [22]. Thus we proposed that effective IT governance absorptive
capacity is a multi-dimensional construct of business-IT knowledge which will be measured on the level of
knowledge acquisition, knowledge assimilation and knowledge exploitation. In the context of higher
education, knowledge acquisition refers to the extent the institutional players recognize the value of external
knowledge and acquire them for the benefit of achieving the HEI goals. For example, to what extent the
academicians recognize the value of learning about technology-support teaching and learning, and eventually
apply it to their own classrooms. To gain the real impact of technology-based education, HEI have to ensure
assimilation of this new knowledge among majority of their academics. To sustain competitive advantage
over other institutions, the HEI need to exploit this approach and this require not just mere utilization of the
technology but include innovative use and strategic thinking in the implementation of the technology.
The seminary works of [3] points to the fact that organisations that effectively governed their IT
gained 20% higher in profit than others with poor IT governance when they pursued similar strategies. Other
studies that found similar findings include [11], [6], [24]. Although HEIs are non-profit organizations, it is
postulated that similar impacts of IT governance effectiveness on IT governance performance will be
achieved. Hence, this hypothesis is proposed:
H2: IT governance absorptive capacity positively influence IT governance performance in HEIs.
6. ISSN: 2302-9285
BEEI, Vol. 7, No. 1, March 2018 : 117 – 124
122
4.3. HEI IT Governance Performance
Measuring performance is an endeavour in the right direction as IT contributes a lot to the wellbeing
of organisation [14]. Such measure is important because large portion of investments in IT does not
guarantee high returns if not properly governed. Performance of an organisation is hinged on its ability to
align structure to the factors relative to the organisation. Organisational style that is strategically effective in
one HEI may not necessarily be in others, despite the fact that they may be operating within the same sector
[13]. Since the focus is on HEIs which are not all for-profit, but mission-oriented organisations, performance
is considered from the perspective of how HEIs measures benefits gained from their IT investments which is
enabled by its effective governance.
For this study, organizational performance is operationalized by adapting four out five taxonomies
of [3] and an additional measure on compliance is adapted from [23]. The suggested measures are as follows:
Cost effective use of IT
Effective use of IT to enhance teaching and learning
Effective use of IT to enhance research
Effective use of IT to enhance HEI administrative processes
Effective use of IT to enhance compliance with legal and regulatory requirements
4.4. IT Governance Absorptive Capacity as Mediator
The achievement of HEI goals can be achieved through IT by implementing an effective IT
governance framework. IT governance mechanisms serve as an institutional arrangements that allow CIOs
and HEI executives to better contribute their domain knowledge, interact with each other to share perspective
and transfer knowledge between the two groups. For example, the allocation of decision rights to the IT unit
allows IT managers to use more of their IT knowledge to help Deans/Directors of the HEIs to identify
effective IT solutions for their faculties which they may not be able to identify themselves. IT governance
absorptive capacity is one of the mediating factors considered to be important and necessary conditions in the
chain of value creation. Taken together, we posit that:
H3: IT governance absorptive capacity mediates the positive impact of IT governance mechanisms
on IT governance performance in HEIs.
5. CONCLUSIONS
The importance of IT governance is evident through the attention it receives from scholars and
practitioners. As noted previously, past IT governance researches have focused on business organizations and
very few examined it in the public sector context. Higher education is one of the sectors that have been most
affected by IT use and therefore the top management of these institutions are very concern with the value
received from IT investment, hence the importance of IT governance. Unfortunately, not much has been
studied on IT governance in the context of HEIs, particularly looking at the link between IT governance and
HEI performance. This paper attempt to fill the gap by proposing an IT governance evaluation model based
on the perspective of organizational learning.
IT governance mechanisms of an organisation consist of the structural, process and relational
capabilities which are contingent factors upon which the IT function can leverage appropriate and continuous
business and IT knowledge. Such knowledge is borne out of the inter-relationship of both the IT and business
functions within the organisation. The capability of the organisation IT to leverage on this interaction given
these factors is a function of its dynamic capability to explore by identifying and creating knowledge. Such
ability will be through the IT structural capability put in place. The IT organisation is expected to effective
transform such knowledge putting the technology process capability into action. This continuous interaction
will allow the IT function, through the cordial relationship, to apply knowledge that have so far being
acquired or created for organisation performance.
Organisation performance could be continuously measured by looking into how IT is governed.
How IT is used to optimise cost, to leverage growth, to achieve optimal use of asset and the ability for it to be
flexible to business need should be the benchmark in any organisation as at that. Lastly, the way the
organisation is using IT to comply with regulations of corporate governance like IT auditing, risk
management etc. is also important aspect that makes investment in IT yield a worthwhile venture. This is
when the stakeholders would be ever willing to invest and accord the IT the place it deserves in the
organisation.
In conclusion, it can be assumed that when organisation’s IT governance is effective, desirable IT
behaviour is said to be present. This is to say that when organisation exercises desirable IT behaviour in the
design of governance mechanisms of structures, processes and relationship in IT as influenced by corporate
7. BEEI ISSN: 2302-9285
Conceptualizing Information Technology Governance Model for Higher… (Binyamin Adeniyi Ajayi)
123
existence, then IT and business is aligned. Such a situation depicts that IT understands the business needs and
can sustain business objectives, giving the business-IT knowledge that would ensue. At the same time the
business is also acquainted with the capabilities of IT that would enable organisation performance.
REFERENCES
[1] Almeida, R., Pereira, R., & Mira, M. (2013). "IT Governance Mechanisms : A Literature Review". In J. F. e Cunha,
M. Snene, & H. Nóvoa (Eds.), Proceedings, 4th International Conference, Exploring Services Sence (IESS 2013)
(pp. 186–199). Porto, Portugal: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
[2] Weill, P. (2004). "Don’t Just Lead, Govern: How Top-Performing Firms Govern IT". MIS Quarterly Executive, 3(1),
1–17.
[3] Weill, P., & Ross, J. W. (2004). IT Governance How Top Performers Manage IT Decision Rights for Superior
Results (p. 265). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing.
[4] Wu et al, (2015)."How Information Technology Governance Mechanisms and Strategic Alignment Influence
Organizational Performance: Insights from A Matched Survey of Business and IT Managers", MIS Quarterly,
Vol.39, No.2, pp. 497-518.
[5] Pereira R. and Mirada Silva, M. (2012) "A Literature Review: Guidelines and Contingency Factors for IT
Governance", Proceedings of the European, Mediterranean & Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems
2012, June 7-8, Munich, Germany.
[6] Nfuka, E. N., & Rusu, L. (2011). "The effect of critical success factors on IT governance performance". Industrial
Management & Data Systems, 111(9), 1418–1448. .
[7] ITGI, (2003). Board Briefing on IT Governance, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA: ITGI.
[8] Peterson, R. R. (2004). "Crafting Information Technology Governance". Information Systems Management, 21(4),
7–22.
[9] De Haes, S., & Van Grembergen, W. (2004). "IT Governance and Its Mechanisms". Information Systems Control
Journal, 1, 1–7.
[10] Webb, P., Pollard, C., & Ridley, G. (2006). "Attempting to Define IT Governance: Wisdom or Folly?" In
Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (Vol. 00, pp. 1–10). IEEE.
[11] Mohamed, N., & Kaur, J. (2012). "A conceptual framework for information technology governance effectiveness in
private organizations A conceptual framework for information technology governance effectiveness in private
organization". Information Management & Computer Security, 20(2), 88–106.
[12] Ali, S., Green, P. and Robb, A. (2012) "Measuring Top Management's IT Governance Knowledge Absorptive
Capacity, Journal of Information Systems, Vol.27, No. 1, pp. 137-155.
[13] Van Grembergen, W., & De Haes, S. (2009). Enterprise Governance of IT in Practice. Boston, MA: Springer US.
[14] Bhattacharjya, J., & Chang, V. (2007). "The Role of IT Governance in the Evolution of Organizations in the Digital
Economy: Cases in Australian Higher Education". In 2007 Inaugural IEEE International Conference on Digital
Ecosystems and Technologies (IEEE DEST 2007) (pp. 428–433).
[15] Grama and Peterson, (2013) "Governance, Risks and Compliance: Why Not?", EDUCAUSE Review, Nov/Dec
2013.pp. 11-13.
[16] Ismail, N. A. (2008). "Information technology governance, funding and structure: A case analysis of a public
university in Malaysia". Campus-Wide Information Systems, 25(3), 145–160
[17] Hicks, M., Pervan, G. & Perrin, B. (2012) "A Study of the review and improvement of IT governance in Australian
universities", CONF-IRM 2012 Proceedings. Paper 22.
[18] Jairak, K. & Praneetpolgrang, P. (2011) "A Holistic Survey of IT Governance in Thai Universities through IT
Executives Perspective", In: A. Abd Manaf et al (Eds.): ICIEIS 2011, :Part II, CCIS 252, pp. 435-447.
[19] Dlamini R.S. (2015) "The Role of the Strategic and Adaptive Chief Information Officer in higher education",
Educational Information Technology, Issue 20, pp. 113-140.
[20] Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). "Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation".
Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128–152.
[21] Roberts, N., Galluch, P. S., Dinger, M., & Grover, V. (2012)." Absorptive Capacity and Information Systems
Research: Review, Synthesis, and Directions". MIS Quarterly, 36(2), 625–648.
[22] Lane, P. J., Koka, B. R., & Pathak, S. (2006). "The Reification of Absorptive Capacity: a Critical Review and
Rejuvenation of the Construct". Academy of Management Review, 31(4), 833–863
[23] Bowen, P. L., Cheung, M.-Y. D., & Rohde, F. H. (2007). "Enhancing IT governance practices: A model and case
study of an organization’s efforts". International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 8(3), 191–221.
[24] Simonsson, M., Johnson, P., & Ekstedt, M. (2010). "The Effect of IT Governance Maturity on IT Governance
Performance". Information Systems Management, 27(1), 10–24.
8. ISSN: 2302-9285
BEEI, Vol. 7, No. 1, March 2018 : 117 – 124
124
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Binyamin Adeniyi Ajayi, PhD, is currently a Director at the Lagos Bureau of Statistics Ministry
of Economic Planning & Budget, Lagos, Nigeria. He received his PhD in IT from the Faculty of
Information & Communications Technology at the International Islamic University Malaysia.
His research interest include IT governance and Ethics.
Husnayati Hussin, PhD is a Professor of Information Systems in the Faculty of Information and
Communications Technology at the International Islamic University Malaysia. She received her
PhD in Information Systems from the Loughborough University, UK and her MSc in
Management Information Systems and BSc in Computer Science from Northern Illinois
University, USA. Her current research interest include E-business, IT management, IT and small
business, E-Government and ethical issues of IT. She has published articles in journals such as
Journal of Strategic Information Systems, International Journal of Electronic Government
Research, Campus-Wide Information Systems, Total Quality Management and Business
Excellence and Business Process Management Journal.