Secure communication has some anticipated security aspects such as confidentiality, authentication, message integrity
and non repudiation. Besides, recently more people are aware that availability and access control are also urgent
requirements of secure communication because of the dishonourable Denial of Service (DoS) attacks that render by the
illegitimate users into a network, host, or other piece of network infrastructure to harm them, particularly it is done
against the frequently visited websites of a number of high-profile companies or government websites. DDoS
(Distributed Denial of Service) attack operates adequate puppet computers to create amount of data packets, the attacks
become coordinated and come from multiple puppets at the same time thus are even devastating .A typical DDoS attack
contains two stages, the first stage is to cooperation susceptible systems that are accessible in the Internet and install
attack tools in these compromised systems. This is known as turning the computers into “zombies.” In the second stage,
the attacker sends an attack command to the “zombies” through a secure channel to launch a bandwidth attack against the
targeted victim(s).
Secure routing and data transmission in mobileIJCNCJournal
In this paper, we present an identity (ID) based protocol that secures AODV and TCP so that it can be used
in dynamic and attack prone environments of mobile ad hoc networks. The proposed protocol protects
AODV using Sequential Aggregate Signatures (SAS) based on RSA. It also generates a session key for each
pair of source-destination nodes of a MANET for securing the end-to-end transmitted data. Here each node
has an ID which is evaluated from its public key and the messages that are sent are authenticated with a
signature/ MAC. The proposed scheme does not allow a node to change its ID throughout the network
lifetime. Thus it makes the network secure against attacks that target AODV and TCP in MANET. We
present performance analysis to validate our claim.
Consensus Routing And Environmental Discrete Trust Based Secure AODV in MANETsIJCNCJournal
The Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network model for infrastructure-less communication, and it provides numerous applications in different areas. The MANET is vulnerable to a Black-hole attack, and it affects routing functionality by dropping all the incoming packets purposefully. The Black-hole attackers pretend that it always has the best path to the destination node to mislead the source nodes. Trust is the critical factor for detecting and isolating the Black-hole attackers from the network. However, the harsh channel conditions make it difficult to differentiate the Black-hole routing activities and accurate trust measurement. Hence, incorporating the consensus-based trust evidence collection from the neighbouring nodes improves the accuracy of trust. For improving the accuracy of trust, this work suggests Consensus Routing and Environmental DIscrete Trust (CREDIT) Based Secure AODV. The CREDIT incorporates Discrete and Consensus trust information. The Discrete parameters represent the specific characteristics of the Black-hole attacks, such as routing behaviour, hop count deviation, and sequence number deviation. The direct trust accurately differentiates the Black-hole attackers using Discrete parameters, only when the nodes perform sufficient communication between the nodes. To solve such issues, the CREDIT includes the Consensus-based trust information. However, secure routing against the Black-hole attack is challenging due to incomplete preferences. The in-degree centrality and Importance degree measurement on the collected consensus-based trust from decisionmakers solve the incomplete preference issue as well as improves the accuracy of trust. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using Network Simulator-2 (NS2). From the simulation results, it is proved that the detection accuracy and throughput of the proposed CREDIT are substantially high and the proposed CREDIT scheme outperforms the existing work.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANET UNDER MALICIOUS ATTACKSIJNSA Journal
MANETs routing protocols are vulnerable to various types of security attacks such as selfish nodes, grey-hole and black-hole attacks. These routing protocols are unprotected and subsequently result in various kinds of malicious mobile nodes being injected into the networks. In this paper, three types of attacks such as selfish, grey-hole and black-hole attacks have been applied to two important MANET routing protocols; Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (OADV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) in order to analyse and compare the impact of these attacks on the network performance based on throughput, average delay, packet loss and consumption of energy.
Secure routing and data transmission in mobileIJCNCJournal
In this paper, we present an identity (ID) based protocol that secures AODV and TCP so that it can be used
in dynamic and attack prone environments of mobile ad hoc networks. The proposed protocol protects
AODV using Sequential Aggregate Signatures (SAS) based on RSA. It also generates a session key for each
pair of source-destination nodes of a MANET for securing the end-to-end transmitted data. Here each node
has an ID which is evaluated from its public key and the messages that are sent are authenticated with a
signature/ MAC. The proposed scheme does not allow a node to change its ID throughout the network
lifetime. Thus it makes the network secure against attacks that target AODV and TCP in MANET. We
present performance analysis to validate our claim.
Consensus Routing And Environmental Discrete Trust Based Secure AODV in MANETsIJCNCJournal
The Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network model for infrastructure-less communication, and it provides numerous applications in different areas. The MANET is vulnerable to a Black-hole attack, and it affects routing functionality by dropping all the incoming packets purposefully. The Black-hole attackers pretend that it always has the best path to the destination node to mislead the source nodes. Trust is the critical factor for detecting and isolating the Black-hole attackers from the network. However, the harsh channel conditions make it difficult to differentiate the Black-hole routing activities and accurate trust measurement. Hence, incorporating the consensus-based trust evidence collection from the neighbouring nodes improves the accuracy of trust. For improving the accuracy of trust, this work suggests Consensus Routing and Environmental DIscrete Trust (CREDIT) Based Secure AODV. The CREDIT incorporates Discrete and Consensus trust information. The Discrete parameters represent the specific characteristics of the Black-hole attacks, such as routing behaviour, hop count deviation, and sequence number deviation. The direct trust accurately differentiates the Black-hole attackers using Discrete parameters, only when the nodes perform sufficient communication between the nodes. To solve such issues, the CREDIT includes the Consensus-based trust information. However, secure routing against the Black-hole attack is challenging due to incomplete preferences. The in-degree centrality and Importance degree measurement on the collected consensus-based trust from decisionmakers solve the incomplete preference issue as well as improves the accuracy of trust. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using Network Simulator-2 (NS2). From the simulation results, it is proved that the detection accuracy and throughput of the proposed CREDIT are substantially high and the proposed CREDIT scheme outperforms the existing work.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANET UNDER MALICIOUS ATTACKSIJNSA Journal
MANETs routing protocols are vulnerable to various types of security attacks such as selfish nodes, grey-hole and black-hole attacks. These routing protocols are unprotected and subsequently result in various kinds of malicious mobile nodes being injected into the networks. In this paper, three types of attacks such as selfish, grey-hole and black-hole attacks have been applied to two important MANET routing protocols; Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (OADV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) in order to analyse and compare the impact of these attacks on the network performance based on throughput, average delay, packet loss and consumption of energy.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
The resistance of routing protocols against DDOS attack in MANET IJECEIAES
A Mobil Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless multi-hop network with various mobile, self-organized and wireless infrastructure nodes. MANET characteristics such as openness restricted resources and decentralization impact node efficiency and made them easy to be affected by various security attacks, especially Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. The goal of this research is to implement a simulation model called DDoS Attack Simulation Model (DDoSM) in Network Simulator 2(NS-2) and to examine the effect of DDoS Attack on various routing protocol types in MANET namely: Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol and Location-Aided Routing (LAR) protocol. The introduced model uses the NS-2 simulator to apply DDoS on the three chosen routing protocols. In terms of throughput and end-to-end latency under the consequences of the attack, the performance of three routings protocols was analyzed.
An ids scheme against black hole attack to secure aomdv routing in manet pijans
In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) all the nodes are freely moves in the absence of without ant
centralized coordination system. Due to that the attackers or malicious nodes are easily affected that kind
of network and responsible for the routing misbehavior. The routing is network is mandatory to deliver
data in between source and destination. In this research we work on security field in MANET and proposed
a novel security scheme against routing misbehavior through Black hole attack. The Ad hoc On demand
Multipath Routing (AOMDV) protocol is consider for routing and also to improves the routing quality as
compare to single path routing protocol. The attacker is affected all the possible paths that is selected by
sender for sending data in network. The malicious nodes are forward optimistic reply at the time of routing
by that their identification is also a complex procedure. The proposed Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
scheme is identified the attacker information through hop count mechanism. The routing information of
actual data is reached to which intermediate node and the next hop information is exist at that node is
confirm by IDS scheme. The black hole attacker node Identification (ID) is forward in network by that in
future attacker is not participating in routing procedure. The proposed security scheme detects and
provides the deterrence against routing misbehavior through malicious attack. Here we compare the
routing performance of AOMDV, Attack and IDS scheme. The performance of normal multipath routing
and proposed IDS scheme is almost equal. The attacker has degrades the whole routing performance but
observed that in presence of attacker, routing misbehavior is completely block by the proposed IDS scheme
and recovers 95 % of data as compare to normal routing.
Attacks Prevention and Detection Techniques In MANET: A SurveyIJERA Editor
Wireless sensor network is a set of distributed sensor nodes. Which are randomly deployed in geographical area
to capture climatic changes like temperature, humidity and pressure. In Wireless Network MANET is a Mobile
Ad-Hoc Networks which is a one self-configurable network. MANET is a collection of Wireless mobile node
which is dynamically moves from one location to another location. Both attacks Active as well as Passive
attacks is in MANET. It doesn’t have a static structure. Security for wireless network is much difficult as
compare to wired networks. In last few years many security and attacks issue are face many researchers in
MANET. Attacks like Packet dropping attack, Black-Hole attack, Denial of Service attack, wormhole attacks
and Packet modification attacks found in MANET. At the time of data communication all the above mentioned
attacks access data easily without permission. To solve the problem of attacks in MANET and secure data
communication use Intrusion Detection System. In This paper propose the survey of different kinds of attacks
on MANET and Wireless sensor networks. This paper helps to young researcher for implement new hybrid
algorithm for secure intrusion detection in MANET.
Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols (ADSDV, OLSR and TORA) in Wireless ...ijsrd.com
In routing process a node i.e. source transmit the data packets to another node i.e. destination. Routing in wireless networks have great challenges due to mobility, limited transmission range, There are several familiar routing protocols like DSDV, AODV, DSR, etc. which have been proposed for providing communication among all the nodes in the network. This paper presents a performance comparison of proactive and reactive protocols ADSDV, OLSR and TORA based on metrics such as throughput, packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay by using the NS-2 simulator.
DISTRIBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE (DDOS) ATTACKS DETECTION MECHANISM ijcseit
Pushback is a mechanism for defending against Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. DDoS
attacks are treated as a congestion-control problem, but because most such congestion is caused by
malicious hosts not obeying traditional end-to-end congestion control, the problem must be handled by the
routers. Functionality is added to each router to detect and preferentially drop packets that probably
belong to an attack. Upstream routers are also notified to drop such packets in order that the router’s
resources be used to route legitimate traffic hence term pushback. Client puzzles have been advocated as a
promising countermeasure to DoS attacks in the recent years. In order to identify the attackers, the victim
server issues a puzzle to the client that sent the traffic. When the client is able to solve the puzzle, it is
assumed to be authentic and the traffic from it is allowed into the server. If the victim suspects that the
puzzles are solved by most of the clients, it increases the complexity of the puzzles. This puzzle solving
technique allows the traversal of the attack traffic throughout the intermediate routers before reaching the
destination. In order to attain the advantages of both pushback and puzzle solving techniques, a hybrid
scheme called Router based Pushback technique, which involves both the techniques to solve the problem
of DDoS attacks is proposed. In this proposal, the puzzle solving mechanism is pushed back to the core
routers rather than having at the victim. The router based client puzzle mechanism checks the host system
whether it is legitimate or not by providing a puzzle to be solved by the suspected host.
Preventing Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Cloud Environments IJITCA Journal
Distributed-Denial of Service (DDoS) is a key intimidation to network security. Network is a group of
nodes that interrelate with each other for switch over the information. This information is necessary for
that node is reserved confidentially. Attacker in the system may capture this private information and
distorted. So security is the major issue. There are several security attacks in network. One of the major
intimidations to internet examine is DDoS attack. It is a malevolent effort to suspending or suspends
services to destination node. DDoS or DoS is an effort to create network resource or the machine is busy to
its intentional user. Numerous thoughts are developed for avoid the DDoS or DoS. DDoS occur in two
different behaviors they may happen obviously or it may due to some attackers .Various schemes are
developed defense against to this attack. The Main focus of paper is present basis of DDoS attack, DDoS
attack types, and DDoS attack components, intrusion prevention system for DDoS.
Have a business in the Omaha/Council Bluffs metro area? Would you like to provide flu shots for your employees? If you can guarantee us 20 vaccinations, we will bring the flu clinic to you at no charge. Check out this presentation I gave to the Council Bluffs Business Connection.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
The resistance of routing protocols against DDOS attack in MANET IJECEIAES
A Mobil Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless multi-hop network with various mobile, self-organized and wireless infrastructure nodes. MANET characteristics such as openness restricted resources and decentralization impact node efficiency and made them easy to be affected by various security attacks, especially Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. The goal of this research is to implement a simulation model called DDoS Attack Simulation Model (DDoSM) in Network Simulator 2(NS-2) and to examine the effect of DDoS Attack on various routing protocol types in MANET namely: Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol and Location-Aided Routing (LAR) protocol. The introduced model uses the NS-2 simulator to apply DDoS on the three chosen routing protocols. In terms of throughput and end-to-end latency under the consequences of the attack, the performance of three routings protocols was analyzed.
An ids scheme against black hole attack to secure aomdv routing in manet pijans
In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) all the nodes are freely moves in the absence of without ant
centralized coordination system. Due to that the attackers or malicious nodes are easily affected that kind
of network and responsible for the routing misbehavior. The routing is network is mandatory to deliver
data in between source and destination. In this research we work on security field in MANET and proposed
a novel security scheme against routing misbehavior through Black hole attack. The Ad hoc On demand
Multipath Routing (AOMDV) protocol is consider for routing and also to improves the routing quality as
compare to single path routing protocol. The attacker is affected all the possible paths that is selected by
sender for sending data in network. The malicious nodes are forward optimistic reply at the time of routing
by that their identification is also a complex procedure. The proposed Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
scheme is identified the attacker information through hop count mechanism. The routing information of
actual data is reached to which intermediate node and the next hop information is exist at that node is
confirm by IDS scheme. The black hole attacker node Identification (ID) is forward in network by that in
future attacker is not participating in routing procedure. The proposed security scheme detects and
provides the deterrence against routing misbehavior through malicious attack. Here we compare the
routing performance of AOMDV, Attack and IDS scheme. The performance of normal multipath routing
and proposed IDS scheme is almost equal. The attacker has degrades the whole routing performance but
observed that in presence of attacker, routing misbehavior is completely block by the proposed IDS scheme
and recovers 95 % of data as compare to normal routing.
Attacks Prevention and Detection Techniques In MANET: A SurveyIJERA Editor
Wireless sensor network is a set of distributed sensor nodes. Which are randomly deployed in geographical area
to capture climatic changes like temperature, humidity and pressure. In Wireless Network MANET is a Mobile
Ad-Hoc Networks which is a one self-configurable network. MANET is a collection of Wireless mobile node
which is dynamically moves from one location to another location. Both attacks Active as well as Passive
attacks is in MANET. It doesn’t have a static structure. Security for wireless network is much difficult as
compare to wired networks. In last few years many security and attacks issue are face many researchers in
MANET. Attacks like Packet dropping attack, Black-Hole attack, Denial of Service attack, wormhole attacks
and Packet modification attacks found in MANET. At the time of data communication all the above mentioned
attacks access data easily without permission. To solve the problem of attacks in MANET and secure data
communication use Intrusion Detection System. In This paper propose the survey of different kinds of attacks
on MANET and Wireless sensor networks. This paper helps to young researcher for implement new hybrid
algorithm for secure intrusion detection in MANET.
Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols (ADSDV, OLSR and TORA) in Wireless ...ijsrd.com
In routing process a node i.e. source transmit the data packets to another node i.e. destination. Routing in wireless networks have great challenges due to mobility, limited transmission range, There are several familiar routing protocols like DSDV, AODV, DSR, etc. which have been proposed for providing communication among all the nodes in the network. This paper presents a performance comparison of proactive and reactive protocols ADSDV, OLSR and TORA based on metrics such as throughput, packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay by using the NS-2 simulator.
DISTRIBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE (DDOS) ATTACKS DETECTION MECHANISM ijcseit
Pushback is a mechanism for defending against Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. DDoS
attacks are treated as a congestion-control problem, but because most such congestion is caused by
malicious hosts not obeying traditional end-to-end congestion control, the problem must be handled by the
routers. Functionality is added to each router to detect and preferentially drop packets that probably
belong to an attack. Upstream routers are also notified to drop such packets in order that the router’s
resources be used to route legitimate traffic hence term pushback. Client puzzles have been advocated as a
promising countermeasure to DoS attacks in the recent years. In order to identify the attackers, the victim
server issues a puzzle to the client that sent the traffic. When the client is able to solve the puzzle, it is
assumed to be authentic and the traffic from it is allowed into the server. If the victim suspects that the
puzzles are solved by most of the clients, it increases the complexity of the puzzles. This puzzle solving
technique allows the traversal of the attack traffic throughout the intermediate routers before reaching the
destination. In order to attain the advantages of both pushback and puzzle solving techniques, a hybrid
scheme called Router based Pushback technique, which involves both the techniques to solve the problem
of DDoS attacks is proposed. In this proposal, the puzzle solving mechanism is pushed back to the core
routers rather than having at the victim. The router based client puzzle mechanism checks the host system
whether it is legitimate or not by providing a puzzle to be solved by the suspected host.
Preventing Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Cloud Environments IJITCA Journal
Distributed-Denial of Service (DDoS) is a key intimidation to network security. Network is a group of
nodes that interrelate with each other for switch over the information. This information is necessary for
that node is reserved confidentially. Attacker in the system may capture this private information and
distorted. So security is the major issue. There are several security attacks in network. One of the major
intimidations to internet examine is DDoS attack. It is a malevolent effort to suspending or suspends
services to destination node. DDoS or DoS is an effort to create network resource or the machine is busy to
its intentional user. Numerous thoughts are developed for avoid the DDoS or DoS. DDoS occur in two
different behaviors they may happen obviously or it may due to some attackers .Various schemes are
developed defense against to this attack. The Main focus of paper is present basis of DDoS attack, DDoS
attack types, and DDoS attack components, intrusion prevention system for DDoS.
Have a business in the Omaha/Council Bluffs metro area? Would you like to provide flu shots for your employees? If you can guarantee us 20 vaccinations, we will bring the flu clinic to you at no charge. Check out this presentation I gave to the Council Bluffs Business Connection.
An adventure in the cosmos in an alien spaceship as an introduction to uncover the knowledge of an advanced civilization in a solar system far far away. A summary of 4 foregoing slide sets.
Drinking a cup of coffee before going to work not only makes you alert but does much more than that. A healthy adult can consume up to 4 cups of caffeine per day.
Slide 10 WestCal Political Science 5 Western Political Thought 2016WestCal Academy
Political Science 5 - Western Political Thought provides an overall perspective of major political movements of history from the rising of Egyptian, Greek and Roman Empires to Fascism and Communism as seen by great political thinkers from Plato, Aristotle, and St. Augustine, Machiavelli, Marx, and Lenin. Students will analyze the most important ideas and theories that have been developed from the time of the ancient Greeks to the present day. Students will learn that the American Founding Fathers designed a viable representative government by first dedicating themselves to careful study of the political philosophy of Europeans, with particular attention given to British political thinkers from the 16th and 17th century. The founding fathers focused primarily on the natural rights of man, which in turn varied according to the individual philosopher studied. Over the course of their study, the founding fathers openly discussed their opinions with one another so as to properly bring forth differing views in order to prudently construct a government that would protect individual liberty, as well as determine what was required of government to protect civil liberties. The class is taught from the perspective of industry professionals with knowledge of how classical and modern political continues to influence American government. Students will learn of multiple career options relating to the field of political science.
Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks are a critical threat to the Internet. A distributed denial-of-service attack is one in which a multitude of compromised systems attack a single target, thereby causing denial of service for users of the targeted system. The flood of incoming messages to the target system essentially forces it to shut down, thereby denying service to the system to legitimate users. The proposed system suggests a mechanism based on entropy variations between normal and DDoS attack traffic. Entropy is an information theoretic concept, which is a measure of randomness. The proposed method employs entropy variation to measure changes of randomness of flows. The implementation of the proposed method brings no modifications on current routing software.
MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM OF DETECTION OF DOS ATTACKS ON AN AUTOMOTIVE TELEM...IJCNCJournal
Today vehicles are connected to private networks which are owned by the car manufacturer. But in coming years, vehicles become more and more connected to the public Internet for infotainment applications but also to safety applications. Like any Internet terminal, some hackers can attack the wireless connectivity unit of the vehicle with Distribution Denial of Services (DDOS) attacks, so that the wireless connectivity
unit of the vehicle is not available and the service is lost. Therefore, it is critical to developing a mechanism
to detect such an attack and eliminate it, to maintain the availability of the wireless connectivity unit. This paper proposes an algorithm which proceeds in 2 steps: it uses an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to detect DDOS attacks in the incoming Internet data. When it detects an attack, it uses the
results of the machine learning algorithm to split the legitimate flow and the rogue flows. The rogue flow is filtered so that the availability of the wireless connectivity unit of the vehicle is restored. This proposed algorithm needs very few CPU computing power and is compatible with low-cost CPUs which are used in an automotive wireless connectivity unit.
Design & Implementation of Secure AODV In Multicast Routing To Detect DDOS At...IJNSA Journal
The wireless ad hoc network is particularly vulnerable to DOS attacks due to its features of open medium, dynamic changing topology, cooperative algorithms, decentralization of the protocols, and lack of a clear line of defense is a growing problem in networks today. In Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET), various types of Denial of Service Attacks (DOS) are possible because of the inherent limitations of its routing protocols. In this paper we will secure the MANET from the DDOS attack. DDOS attacks are similar to DOS attacks but there is a difference between them and that is DDOS attacks involve breaking in to hundreds or thousands of machines, so for this reason, this attack called Distributed. Very often, systems that use for attack is a part of the networks and users of these systems don’t know about that, their systems used for attack to another systems. This kind of attack, consume more bandwidth and uses more sources in network. . In this work, we study the effect of one of the important attacks that called DDOS in MANET on most vulnerability protocol that named AODV. The product of this study is detection of DDOS attack by
using AODV (adhoc on demand distance vector) protocol. Proposed scheme is distributed in nature it has the capability to prevent Distributed DOS (DDOS) as well..
Q-learning based distributed denial of service detectionIJECEIAES
Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks the target service providers by sending a huge amount of traffic to prevent legitimate users from getting the service. These attacks become more challenging in the software-defined network paradigm, due to the separation of the control plane from the data plane. Centralized software defined networks are more vulnerable to DDoS attacks that may cause the failure of all networks. In this work, a new approach is proposed based on q-learning to enhance the detection of DDoS attacks and reduce false positives and false negatives. The results of this work are compared with entropy detection in terms of the number of received packets to detect the attack and also the continuity of service for legitimate users. Moreover, these results indicate that the proposed system detects the DDoS attack from flash crowds and redirects the traffic to the edge of the data center. A second controller is used to redirect traffic to a honeypot server that works as a mirror server. This guarantees the continuity of service for both normal and suspected traffic until further analysis is done. The results indicate an increase of up to 50% in the throughput compared to other approaches.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
A New Way of Identifying DOS Attack Using Multivariate Correlation Analysisijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
OPTIMIZING CONGESTION CONTROL BY USING DEVICES AUTHENTICATION IN SOFTWARE-DEF...IJNSA Journal
The Internet and local networks (LAN) are essential in all organizations and aspects of our lives. These networks' performance should be at high speeds to perform efficiently. This thesis suggests several motions to improve performance. The first is a software-defined network (SDN) distinguished from traditional networks by its ability to program traffic, agility, and support for applications that need big data and virtualization. The second is to control congestion by rerouting traffic to the shortest path. Finally, to modify the above, device authentication reduces congestion and improves network performance.
A RESOURCE-EFFICIENT COLLABORATIVE SYSTEM FOR DDOS ATTACK DETECTION AND VICTI...IJNSA Journal
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks seriously threaten network security. Most countermeasures perceive attacks after the damage has been down. This paper thus focuses on the detection of DDoS attacks, and more importantly, victim identification as early as possible, so asto promote attack reaction in time. We present a resource-efficient collaborative DDoS detection system, called F-LOW. Profiting from bitwise-based hash function, split sketch, and lightweight IP reconstruction, F-LOW can defeat shortcomings of principle component analysis (PCA) and regular sketch. With a certain number of distributed detection nodes, F-LOW can detect DDoS attacks and identify victim IPs before the attack traffic arrives victim network. Outperforming previous work, our system fits all Four-LOW properties, low profile, low dimensional, low overhead and low transmission, of a promising DDoS countermeasure. Through simulation and theoretical analysis, we demonstrate such properties and remarkable efficacy of our approach in DDoS mitigation.
An improved ip traceback mechanism for network securityeSAT Journals
Abstract IP traceback is amongst the main challenges that face the security of today’s Internet. Many techniques were proposed, including in-band packhranits alert and outband packets each of them has advantages and disadvantages. Source IP spoofing attacks are critical issues to the Internet. These attacks are considered to be sent from bot infected hosts. There has been active research on IP traceback technologies. However, the traceback from an end victim host to an end spoofing host has never yet been achieved, because of the insufficient traceback probes installed on each routing path. There exists a will need to replace alternative probes in an effort to lessen the installation cost. Recently a great number of technologies of a given detection and prevention have developed, but it is difficult the fact that the IDS distinguishes normal traffic that are caused by the DDoS traffic due to many changes in network features. In existing work a whole new hybrid IP traceback scheme with efficient packet logging reaching to tend to have a fixed storage requirement for each router ( CAIDA’s data set) in packet logging without the need to refresh the logged tracking information and then to achieve zero false positive and false negative rates in attack-path reconstruction. Existing hybrid traceback approach applied on offline CAIDA dataset which isn't suitable to realtime tracing. With this proposed work efficient hybrid approach for single-packet traceback to our best knowledge, our approach will reduces 2/3 of a given overhead in each of storage and how about recording packet paths, and to discover the time overhead for recovering packet paths is also reduced by a calculatable amount. Keywords –Attack, Trace back, LAN
Performance investigation of re shuffling packet attack on transport layer pr...eSAT Journals
Abstract Over the past decade, the wireless world has experienced significant developments. The emergence and proliferation of radio frequency networking products, wireless devices like handheld, wearable and portable computers, Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)s, cellular phone have given rise to a kind of wireless revolution. A mobile ad hoc network is much more assailable to attacks than a wired network due to its limited physical security, high mobility and lack of centralized administration. In this paper, we present and analyze the effects of re-shuffling attack on TCP based mobile ad-hoc networks named as Packet Re-Shuffling. In the packet reshuffling attack the malicious node will reorder the packets in its FIFO buffer before forwarding them towards their destination. Due to the out of order delivery the retransmission time out of the packet is triggered and the source TCP and UDP has to retransmit the packet. In this way it also stops the TCP to perform the congestion avoidance technique. A malicious node will always participate in route setup operations. For example, if source routing is employed, malicious nodes always relay Route Request packets in order to have as many routes as possible flowing through themselves; if distance vector routing is employed, malicious nodes will also obey all control-plane protocol specifications. However, once a route is established, attacking nodes will thwart the end-to-end throughput of the flow via above mentioned attacks. The effect of the proposed attack is analyzed with the simulation results generated using the trial version of the simulator known as Exata Cyber 2.0. The simulation results are given in terms of metrics such as data flow throughput, Packet Retransmission, average end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio. In this paper, we are giving The study on UDP and TCP. Keywords: MANETs; Multimedia Streaming; Routing protocols; QoS; Topology; Node Mobility; Network Scalability;
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLER FAMILY CADRE TRAINING BASED ON ANDROID APPLICATIONS IN...AM Publications
Toddler family cadre is a community members work voluntarily in fostering and providing information to parents of toddlers about how to properly care for children. Toddler Family cadre desperately need training to increase their skills. There are still a few Toddler family cadres who get training so that the knowledge and skills of parents and other family members in developing toddlers' growth through physical stimulation, motoric intelligence, emotional and social economy as well as possible are still lacking. The purpose of this study is to develop an Android- assisted Toddler family cadre training model in Demak. This research is research in tian research and development. The research location was in Demak Regency. Toddler family cadres became the object of this research. Development of Toddler family cadre training models assisted by Android in Demak is feasible to be used as an effort to improve Toddler Family cadres' capabilities.
TESTING OF COMPOSITE ON DROP-WEIGHT IMPACT TESTING AND DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION ...AM Publications
In recent years the use of composite materials in structural components has become increasingly common in a wide range of engineering applications. Composite materials offer numerous advantages over more conventional materials because of their superior specific properties, but a serious obstacle to a more widespread use of these materials is their high sensitivity to localized impact loading. This paper presents an experimental study to assess the impact response of drop weight impact tests on fiber reinforced polymer composites with deferent load and damage identification of composite using Non-destructive testing techniques ultrasonic testing (UT) C scan. In the study includes checking the strength of the specimen, plotting of graphs between the height and the impact energy obtained and tabulating the results after conducting the various functional tests.
THE USE OF FRACTAL GEOMETRY IN TILING MOTIF DESIGNAM Publications
In this paper I will present the use of fractal geometry to design tile motifs. A fractal is a geometric figure that combines the several characteristics among others: its parts have the same form as the whole, fragmented, and formation by iteration. The concept of fractals has been spread over all fields of sciences, technology, and art. This paper aims to provide an algorithm to creating motifs of tile algorithm for create the tile motif consists of base, iteration, coloration and duplication. In order to help the reader better understand the algorithm, I will present some script using Matlab. We describe a mathematically based algorithm that can fill a spatial region with sequence of randomly placed which may be transformed copies of one motif or several motifs. By using this algorithm, I can produce thousand variety of aesthetically pleasing tile motifs, of which we show a number of examples.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL INVERSION FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA: CA...AM Publications
Two-dimensional resistivity analysis of magnetotelluric data has been done at “Z” geothermal area which is located in southern part of Indonesia. The objective is to understand subsurface structure beneath reasearch area based on 2-D modeling of magnetotelluric data. The inversion finite element method were used for numerical simulations which requires discretization on the boundary of the modeling domain. The modeling results of magnetotelluric data shows relativity structure dissemination: 0-10 ohm.m in a thickness of 1 km (Clay Cap), 10-100 ohm.m with 1-2 km depth respectively (reservoir zone), and on a scale of 100-1000 ohm.m in a depth of 2-3 km (heat source zone). The result of relativity structure can be used to delineate an area with geothermal prospect around 12 km2.
USING THE GENETIC ALGORITHM TO OPTIMIZE LASER WELDING PARAMETERS FOR MARTENSI...AM Publications
To achieve the pre-set welding size, this paper presents the optimization of the constrained overlap laser welding input parameters for AISI 416 and AISI 440FSe stainless, thickness 0.5 mm. In this study, the proposed optimization algorithm is the Genetic Algorithm (GA). After training 10 times for 30 NP (population size), each training repeated 200 times, the results achieved as expected. The error is compared with the result of the affirmation experiment not exceeding 5%.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN E-MARKETPLACE FOR MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISESAM Publications
The Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises launched in 2018 the number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia as many as 58.97 million people. It is predicted that the number of MSMEs players in 2019 will amount to 59.2 million. This shows that the Indonesian people have made changes in the field of family economics which initially as consumptive are now productive. The community prefers to carry out activities that can increase family income. Future MSMEs remain the mainstay of the national economy. In accordance with the government roadmap, in 2020 e-commerce transactions are predicted to reach Rp1,300 trillion or equivalent to USD130 billion. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the contribution of MSMEs to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached 61.41%, with the number of MSMEs reaching almost 60 million units. However, only around 8% or 3.79 million of the 59.2 million MSMEs players have used online platforms to market their products. Based on the above problems, researchers conducted research on the analysis and display of E-Marketplace for MSMEs in Indonesia. The type of research used is action research. The object of research is MSMEs which are under the Office of Industry and Trade of Sragen Regency. The method of data collection is by techniques: (1) interview, (2) documentation (3) observation, (4) literature study. The researcher uses the waterfall method in developing the system. The research team has successfully analyzed the E-Market place according to the results of data collection. The research team has succeeded in designing the E-Marketplace for MSMEs. E-Marketplace designed can be used by admin, MSME and user. Admin is in charge of managing E-Marketplace and has full access rights. MSMEs can register online and manage their products in E-Marketplace. Users or buyers can search data in E-Marketplace as desired. To make transactions, users can interact directly with MSMEs according to the data provided in E-Marketplace. E-Marketplace can be used for marketing together MSMEs products. This e-marketplace can be accessed at www.umkmonline.com
REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AM Publications
Remote sensing technology's increasing accessibility helps us observe research and learn about our globe in ways we could only imagine a generation ago. Guides to profound knowledge of historical, conceptual and practical uses of remote sensing which is increasing GIS technology. This paper will go briefly through remote sensing benefits, history, technology and the GIS and remote sensing integration and their applications. Remote sensing (RS) is used in mapping the predicted and actual species and dominates the ecosystem canopy.
EVALUATE THE STRAIN ENERGY ERROR FOR THE LASER WELD BY THE H-REFINEMENT OF TH...AM Publications
Currently, the finite element method (FEM) is still one of the useful tools in numerical simulation for technical problems. With this method, a continuum model presented by a certain number of elements with a simple approximation field causes the presence of discretization error in solutions. This paper considers the butt weld by laser which subjected the tension for AISI 1018 steel highness 8 mm. The aim of the study is to use the h-refinement of the FEM in estimation the strain energy error for the laser weld mentioned. The results show that the stability of the h-refinement shown by the value of the relative error of the strain energy is quite small, specifically; FEM is less than 5.7% and extra is no more than 3.7%.
HMM APPLICATION IN ISOLATED WORD SPEECH RECOGNITIONAM Publications
Speech recognition is always being an all-time trendy topic for discussion and also for researches and we see a major application in our life. This paper provides the work done on the application of Hidden Markov model to implement isolated word speech recognition on MATLAB and to develop and train the system for set of self-selective words for specific user (user dependent) to get maximum efficiency in word recognition system. Which uses the forward and Baum-welch algorithm and fitting Gaussian of the Baum-welch algorithm for all the iteration perform. We use a sample of 7 alphabets which are recorded in 15 different ways giving total of 105 word to use for training with each word with 15 variations. This system can be used in real world in system security using voice security system and mainly for children and impaired people.
PEDESTRIAN DETECTION IN LOW RESOLUTION VIDEOS USING A MULTI-FRAME HOG-BASED D...AM Publications
Detecting pedestrians in low resolution videos is a challenging task, due to the small size of pedestrians in the images and the limited information. In practical outdoor surveillance scenarios the pedestrian size is usually small. Existing state-of-the-art pedestrian detection methods that use histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) features have poor performance in this problem domain. To compensate for the lack of information in a single frame, we propose a novel detection method that recognizes pedestrians in a short sequence of frames. Namely, we take the single-frame HOG-based detector and extend it to multiple frames. Our detector is applied to regions containing potential moving objects. In the case of video taken from a moving camera on an aerial platform, video stabilization is first performed to register the frames. A classifier is then applied to features extracted from spatio-temporal volumes surrounding the potential moving objects. On challenging stationary and aerial video datasets, our detection accuracy outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms.
The aim of this paper is to help the blind people to identify and catch the public transport vehicles with the help of Light Fidelity technology. It is a Navigation aid. When the bus arrives at the bus stand, transmitter in the bus transmits the light signals and receiver in the stick, receives the light signals and a sound signal is generated through the speaker present in the stick. The sound message contains the bus number and the destination of the bus. In addition to this, if the person is absconded or lost, details of the location will be sent to his/her family members by pressing a button. This is made possible with the help of Global System for Mobile (GSM). Finally, presence of water can be detected along the blind person’s path, with the help of water sensors.
EFFECT OF SILICON - RUBBER (SR) SHEETS AS AN ALTERNATIVE FILTER ON HIGH AND L...AM Publications
A digital radiography delivers a radiation dose to patients; therefore it poses potential risk to the patients. One effort to reduce dose is carried out using a radiation filter, e.g. Silicone Rubber (SR) sheet. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of the SR sheet on the high contrast objects (HCO) and the low contrast objects (LCO). The dose reduction was determined from attenuation x-rays before and after using the SR sheet. Assessment of HCO and LCO was observed from CDR TOR phantom at tube voltage of 48 kVp and tube current of 8 mAs. The physical parameter to assess image quality was the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) value in LCO. The maximum x-ray attenuation using the SR sheet is 48.82%. The visibility of the HCO remains the same, namely 16 objects; however the LCO slighly decreases from 14 objects to 13 objects after using the SR sheet. The SNR value decreases with an average value of 15.17%.Therefore, the SR sheet as a alternative filter has no effect on the HCO and has realtively little effect on the LCO. Thus, the SR sheet potentially is used for radiation protection in patients, especially on examinations that do not require low contrast resolution.
UTILIZATION OF IMMUNIZATION SERVICES AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE I...AM Publications
Immunization is the key strategy to curb communicable diseases which are the number one killer of children under five. Immunization prevents mortalities of approximating three million children under five annually. This study aimed to assess utilization of immunization services among children under five of age in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.
REPRESENTATION OF THE BLOCK DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM IN AN ANALYTICAL FORM F...AM Publications
The article presents the study of cryptographic transformations of the Kuznyechik algorithm in relation to differential analysis and the translation of their representations into a more convenient form for cryptanalysis. A simplification of the type of transformations of the algorithm to algebraic the form, in which cryptanalysis software will be more effective. Since the description of the algorithm in the analytical form allows for 16 cycles of execution of the shift register with linear feedback, each of which will be carried out 16 operations of multiplication and 15 operations of addition, reduced to 16 multiplying and 15 the operations of addition. The result is an algebraic form of a linear transformation (from a shift register with linear feedback to the multiplication of the matrix in a finite field). In the future, the algebraic type of transformation can be used to effectively carry out differential cryptanalysis.
Optical character recognition (OCR) is process of classification of optical patterns contained in a digital image. The process of OCR Recognition involves several steps including pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification. Pre-processing is for done the basic operation on input image like noise reduction which remove the noisy signal from image. Segmentation stage for segment the given image into line by line and segment each character from segmented line. Future extraction calculates the characteristics of character. A Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is used to classification contains the database and does the comparison.
Surveillance refers to the task of observing a scene, often for lengthy periods in search of particular objects or particular behaviour. This task has many applications, foremost among them is security (monitoring for undesirable behaviour such as theft or vandalism), but increasing numbers of others in areas such as agriculture also exist. Historically, closed circuit TV (CCTV) surveillance has been mundane and labour Intensive, involving personnel scanning multiple screens, but the advent of reasonably priced fast hardware means that automatic surveillance is becoming a realistic task to attempt in real time. Several attempts at this are underway.
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF WOOL KERATIN BASED CHITOSAN NANOFIBERS FOR AIR ...AM Publications
In this article, we have extracted keratin from deccani wool waste and prepared the wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers by electrospinning technique. The prepared nanofibers mat were prepared with different weight percent ratio like 1wt.%, 3wt.% and 5wt.% with respect to polymer i.e Chitosan. The physicochemical and filtration properties of wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were studied. Wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The filtration efficiency of keratin Chitosan nanofibers were investigated through DOP test and heavy metal removal capacity of evaluated through Atomic absorption spectroscopy. FTIR results were showed that Keratin gets compatible with Chitosan. XRD patterns revealed keratin was in crystalline nature and increase the crystalline nature of Chitosan nanofibers. FESEM images showed that uniform nanofibers generation with average fiber diameter 80nm. Nanofibers filtration efficiency against a particulate matter in air was obtained more than 99.53% and excellent property of removal of heavy metal.
ANALYSIS ON LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHMS IMPLEMENTATION ON CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIR...AM Publications
Cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the Internet instead of your computer's hard drive. The cloud is just a metaphor for the Internet. The elements involved in cloud computing are clients, data center and distributed server. One of the main problems in cloud computing is load balancing. Balancing the load means to distribute the workload among several nodes evenly so that no single node will be overloaded. Load can be of any type that is it can be CPU load, memory capacity or network load. In this paper we presented an architecture of load balancing and algorithm which will further improve the load balancing problem by minimizing the response time. In this paper, we have proposed the enhanced version of existing regulated load balancing approach for cloud computing by comping the Randomization and greedy load balancing algorithm. To check the performance of proposed approach, we have used the cloud analyst simulator (Cloud Analyst). Through simulation analysis, it has been found that proposed improved version of regulated load balancing approach has shown better performance in terms of cost, response time and data processing time.
A MODEL BASED APPROACH FOR IMPLEMENTING WLAN SECURITY AM Publications
This paper presents various security features and configurations commonly implemented in WLANs and their aggregated security levels and then proposes a model that enables implementation and evaluation of WLAN security
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.