The document summarizes the key events and monarchs of the English Restoration period from 1660-1714. During this time, Charles II was restored to the monarchy after exile in France. His brother James II succeeded him but was overthrown in the bloodless Glorious Revolution of 1688. William and Mary then took the throne, followed by Queen Anne, who united Scotland and England during her reign. The Restoration period saw the founding of the Royal Society, and influential philosophers like Locke, Newton, and Hobbes emerged.

1. The Restoration
(1660-1714)

2. The Monarchs
Charles II (1660-1685)
James II (1685-1688)
William and Mary (1688-1702) Anne (1702-1714)

3. Charles II
• Charles II was the son of
Charles. He was in exile in
France and was called by
the Parliament to restore
monarchy.
• He had French tastes for
theatre, art and luxury and
his court was devoted to
pleasure.
• He had a good relationship
with Parliament, but died
without an heir.

4. During Charles II’s reign…
• In 1665 there was a virulent epidemic
of bubonic plague, followed in 1666
by the Great Fire of London.
• In 1662 the Parliament passed the
Clarendon Acts, which excluded non-
conformists from public office.
• In 1673 the Parliament passed the
Test Acts, which excluded Catholics
from public office.
• Due to some Popish Plots to favour
the King’s brother, James, two
factions emerged in Parliament: The
Whigs (who did not want absolute
monarchy) and the Tories (who were
supporters of the legitimate power of
the King)

5. James II and the Glorious Revolution
• He succeeded his brother Charles
II. He was a CATHOLIC supporter,
and the Parliament was alarmed
by his behaviour.
• James was banished and in 16888
his daughter, Mary, became
Queen with her husband, William
of Orange, already ruler of
Holland. This succession is
remembered as THE GLORIOUS
REVOLUTION.
• This Revolution is also called
Bloodless, because no war was
needed and nobody’s blood was
shed.

6. William and Mary
• William signed the Bill of
Rights which gave the
Parliament only the
power to raise taxes, pass
laws and control the
army.
• In 1701 William signed
the Act of Settlement
which indicated Anne
(Mary’s sister) as the heir
to the throne.
• William sent a punitive
expedition to Ireland,
because the Irish
population was a
supporter of James.

7. Queen Anne
• In 1702 Anne succeeded to
the throne.
• During her reign England:
– fought the War of
Spanish succession
– won the French
possessions in Canada
with the Peace of
Utrecht
– was emerging as a
colonial power
• With the Act of Union in
1707 Scotland was united to
England.

8. Scientific Rigour and intellectual clarity
• In 1662 the Royal Society was founded for the
development of the new science.
• Natural Philosophy started to study the universe
and its mysteries. It helped to study the order
and the harmony given by God to his universe
(this philosophy was not against religion).
• John Locke, Isaac Newton and Thomas Hobbes
were the most influential philosophers of the
age.

9. In literature...
• In literature, social events became the main object of
interest, with their ethics, rules and ideals.
• Neo-classicism flourished. Poetry was mainly satirical
and translations of the Classics were promoted.
• Natural philosophy encouraged self-confidence and
belief in human progress; it freed the mind from
superstition. The diary became one of the most
popular writing forms.
• In art, the useful and simple replaced the ornate and
rich.

10. To conclude...
• The Restoration period is important in the
history of the English culture because in this
period some of the typical traits of the English
character emerged:
– A materialistic and practical mind
– Tolerance
– Reasonableness
– Common sense