Synge is the most highly esteemed playwright of the Irish literary renaissance, the movement in which such literary figures as William Butler Yeats and Lady Augusta Gregory made their mark at the turn of the twentieth century.
Poetry, he wrote in the Preface, originates from ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’ which is filtered through ‘emotion recollected in tranquillity’.
D. H. Lawrence has displayed a bold originality of his genius and his consummate artistic finesse in Sons and Lovers. With his pioneering artistry, he deviated from the traditional patter of fiction and tried to break fresh grounds.
The full name of James Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) is James Augustine Aloysius Joyce.
He is an early 20th century Irish novelist and poet.
Joyce is one of the pioneers of ‘stream of consciousness’ technique in novel and a new type of poetry called ‘Prose Poem’.
He is one of the most influential writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century also.
He used the style of ‘the examination of big events through small happenings in everyday lives’.
Poetry, he wrote in the Preface, originates from ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’ which is filtered through ‘emotion recollected in tranquillity’.
D. H. Lawrence has displayed a bold originality of his genius and his consummate artistic finesse in Sons and Lovers. With his pioneering artistry, he deviated from the traditional patter of fiction and tried to break fresh grounds.
The full name of James Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) is James Augustine Aloysius Joyce.
He is an early 20th century Irish novelist and poet.
Joyce is one of the pioneers of ‘stream of consciousness’ technique in novel and a new type of poetry called ‘Prose Poem’.
He is one of the most influential writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century also.
He used the style of ‘the examination of big events through small happenings in everyday lives’.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, his life and works
Prepared by Ahmad Hussain, Department of English,
Abdul Wali khan University Mardan.
Email: mr.literature123@gmail.com
Facebook page link for Literary students: www.facebook.com/englitpearls
This is the summary of Church Going. This is one of the poem of Philip Larkin. Philip Larkin is one of the most prominent poet of English Literature and Language.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, his life and works
Prepared by Ahmad Hussain, Department of English,
Abdul Wali khan University Mardan.
Email: mr.literature123@gmail.com
Facebook page link for Literary students: www.facebook.com/englitpearls
This is the summary of Church Going. This is one of the poem of Philip Larkin. Philip Larkin is one of the most prominent poet of English Literature and Language.
Ed Bullins (born July 2, 1935 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an African-American playwright.One of the best known playwrights to come from the Black Arts Movement.
He was also the Minister of Culture for the Black Panthers (a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization from 1966 until 1982).He has won numerous awards, including the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award and several Obie Awards
"I will ask the reader to set aside some familiar categories for evaluating fiction—stylistic intricacy, psychological subtlety, epistemological complexity—and to see the sentimental novel not as an artifice of eternity answerable to certain formal criteria and to certain psychological and philosophical concerns, but as a political enterprise, halfway between sermon and social theory, that both codifies and attempts to mold the values of its time" (Tompkins 126).
Musical Memory in Toni Morrison's BelovedSerhat Akbak
"… one crucial aspect of Morrison’s poetic scope has not been sufficiently considered: namely, the “aural” musicality of Beloved. While Jazz (1992), her next novel, as well as her third novel Song of Solomon (1977) … have been associated with musical forms of expression, this has generally not been the case with Beloved" (Eckstein 177). Eckstein argues that mnemonic design of Beloved is rooted in a dialogue with a decidedly African-American musical tradition. The novel is a perfect example of a jazz-text, as both its story and narrative discourse are largely musical in scope.
Space and Race in Toni Morrison's 7 novelsSerhat Akbak
Morrison’s complex writing is a quest to be taken by enthusiastic reader. For Morrison, to have the reader work with the author in the construction of the book is what is important. And, McKenzie argues that they are those ideologically structured spaces in Morrison’s 7 novels that draw readers into politics of space and race.
Feminist geo-criticism
Space reflects patriarchy
Suburban woman and her only one role in spatial structures
Re-evaluation of suburbs/suburban women: them being transformative and reproductive
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
1. The Playboy of the
Western World
John Millington Synge:
Synge is the most highly esteemed
playwright of the Irish literary
renaissance, the movement in which
such literary figures as William Butler
Yeats and Lady Augusta Gregory
made their mark at the turn of the
twentieth century.
2. Playwright, 1871–1909
• Born near Dublin on April 16, 1871, Synge
was the youngest of five children in an
upper-class Protestant family.
• Synge attended private schools for four
years, beginning at the age of ten, but ill
health prevented his regular attendance,
and his mother hired a private tutor to
instruct him at home.
• His primary ambition was music, and
because of his studies of violin, theory, and
composition, he won a scholarship from the
Royal Irish Academy of Music for advanced
study in counterpoint. At this time Synge had
also begun to write poetry.
3. Playwright
• Synge's early religious skepticism and his
unorthodox career aspirations made life
difficult for him in his mother's home, where
he lived until 1893.
• In that year he went to Germany to study
music, but was dissuaded by his
nervousness about performing. In the
summer of 1894 he moved to Paris to study
language and literature at the Sorbonne.
• He was writing poems and literary criticism
and supporting himself by giving English
lessons. In the autumn of 1895 he began
studying Italian in Italy, and in December,
1896, he returned to the Sorbonne. These
years of travel and study were punctuated
by vacation visits to Ireland, during which he
pursued Cherry Matheson, a young woman
from a devout Protestant family. The issue
of religious skepticism intruded once again,
and Cherry refused Synge's marriage
proposal in 1896.
4. Playwright
• On December 21, 1896, at the Hotel
Corneille in Paris, Synge met poet and
dramatistWilliam Yeats. During the
meeting, Yeats recommended that
Synge leave Paris and move to the
Aran Islands off the west coast of
Ireland. In Yeats' own words, as set
forth in his preface to The Well of the
Saints, he said, "'Give up Paris. ... Go
to the Aran Islands. Live there as if
you were one of the people
themselves; express a life that has
never found expression.'"
• He continued to winter in Paris,
but the study of Irish life and
literature became central to his
work. On the rocky, isolated
islands, Synge took photographs
and notes. He listened to the
speech of the islanders, a musical,
old-fashioned, Irish-flavored
dialect of English. He conversed
with them in Irish and English,
listened to stories, and learned the
impact that the sounds of words
could have apart from their
meaning.
5. Other Works
• Synge uses the islanders as raw
material for the creation of "images
and values ... which point towards the
importance of reviving, and
maintaining, a particular sensibility in
order to make sense of the
predicament of humanity."
• In 1901, Synge wrote his first
play, When the Moon Has Set, a full-
length drama which he later
condensed into one act. It tells the
story of a young, landowning atheist
who falls in love with a nun. Warned in
advance by a paralleled, unhappy
experience of a madwoman, the nun
gives up her vows and marries the
man. This play was unproduceable in
Ireland at the time for ideological
reasons.
6.
7. Other Works
• In the summer of 1902 Synge
achieved a new level of
accomplishment. Staying at his
mother's rented house in Wicklow, he
drafted three plays: Riders to the
Sea, In the Shadow of the
Glen, and The Tinker's Wedding. In
these plays are found the rich spoken
language of the Irish peasant
characters who dominate Synge's
mature works.
• The first of the three plays to be
produced was In the Shadow of the
Glen. An ironic comedy set in Wicklow,
its plot is based on a story Synge first
heard on the Aran Islands and
narrated in his book The Aran Islands.
• A tramp seeks shelter in the house of
Nora Burke, whom he finds keeping
watch over her "dead" husband. When
the wife goes out, the husband
revives, and reveals to the tramp that
he has been faking his death in order
to catch Nora at adultery.
8.
9. The Playboy of the Western World
• The play are found the rich spoken language
of the Irish peasant characters who
dominate Synge's mature works.
• In the preface to The Playboy of the
Western World, Synge described how he
learned the provincial dialect by listening to
the conversations of his mother's servant
girls "from a chink in the floor."
• " Presumably, if they had known Synge was
listening, the servants would have spoken a
more "correct" English; therefore,
eavesdropping enabled him to hear their
spontaneous cadences. From this
experience, he wrote in the same preface, "I
got more aid than any learning could have
given me."
• Early in 1906, Synge was traveling
with the Irish National Theatre Society
when he fell in love with one of the
actresses, Molly Allgood (stage name
Maire O'Neill), who was fifteen years
his junior and had only a grade-school
education. Allgood played the starring
role of Pegeen Mike in Synge's next
play, The Playboy of the Western
World,which is often called his
masterpiece.
10. The Playboy of the Western World
•
The premiere of The
Playboy of the Western
World brought the most
violent audience
response in the history of
Dublin theater. Hisses
began during the third act
and increased to a high
volume by curtain time.
• The plot, featuring an
idealization of
parricide and an
unhappy ending, was
one source of
audience hostility.
11. Characters within play
• The play is the story of Christy Mahon, a hapless but likeable young man
who believes he has murdered his tyrannical father and who, for telling the
tale, is welcomed as a hero by a group of country people. His romantic
yarns make him sought-after by Pegeen Mike, the thirtyish Widow Quin, and
other local women. Later, Old Mahon, the father, shows up with a bandaged
head, looking for his son. After yet another murder attempt, the two are
ultimately reconciled when Christy turns the tables on his bullying father,
who approves of Christy's newfound machismo. They wander off together,
leaving the country women disappointed.
12. Themes
DARKNESS
• All the characters realize that in
darkness lies a litany of threats,
including: ghosts, drunken farmhands
and violent militiamen. The real threat,
however, lies just outside in a
ditch: Christy Mahon.
• Offering shelter to this stranger invites
a different and more profound
darkness: the darkness of the human
capacity for violent, subconscious
desire.
RELIGION
• Religion in The Playboy serves as the
reigning moral order of village life. However,
Synge's depiction of it is quite nuanced,
since characters frequently subvert religious
expectation for the sake of self-interest.
• Shawn Keogh prefers to leave Pegeen
alone in the dead of night with a madman.
• Meanwhile, these 'religious' villagers
immediately celebrate Christy for his horrific
patricide.
• Though Synge never makes an explicit
attack on religion in the play, it is posed as
something antithetical to human freedom
and individuality, and this conflict forms the
center of the story.
13. Quotes and Analysis
• Oh, it’s a hard case to be an orphan and not to have your father that you’re used to,
and you’d easily kill and make yourself a hero in the sight of all.
Shawn, Act II, p. 141
The irony is certainly humorous, since Shawn uses his lack of family as excuse for his
lack of courage, but it also touches on some main themes. First, the audience
remembers that Shawn does have a surrogate father in Father Reilly, whom he
refuses to counter. The stifling nature of social and religious expectations is clear in
this irony. Secondly, it shows us that even Shawn is noticing the importance of
storytelling towards determining an identity. One becomes a "hero" by telling stories
as much as by committing action.
14. Themes
FATHER
• The theme of fathers is reflected
everywhere in [The Playboy]. In
general, fathers are presented in terms
of authority. They demand obedience,
which then poses a challenge to their
children: do they obey, or revolt?
There are three “fathers” within the
play: Michael James (Pegeen’s
father), Old Mahon (Christy’s father)
and Father Reilly, the village priest.
Each of these men is defined by the
obedience he demands of his children
(whether literal or figurative).
SOCIAL EXPECTATION
• Christy’s murder of his father incites
the action of The Playboy. This murder
is both literal and metaphorical - in
terms of the former, Christy does
actually (try to) kill his father; in terms
of the latter, he is celebrated not for
striking an old man, but for
representing an act of rebellion against
social expectation in general.
15. Quotes and Analysis
• ...he after drinking for weeks, rising up in the red dawn, or before it maybe, and going out into the
yard as naked as an ash-tree in the moon of May, and shying clods against the visage of the stars
till he put the fear of death into the banhbs and the screeching sows.
Christy, Act I, p. 127
What this image does is both raise the nature of his story to a mythic struggle, and doubly stress
Christy’s power in having vanquished this mythic figure. The figure he describes here possesses
terrible power, triggered by weeks of binge drinking.
16. Quotes and Analysis
• Well, it’s a clean bed and soft with it, and it’s great luck and company I’ve
won me in the end of time - two fine women fighting for the likes of me - till
I’m thinking this night wasn’t I a foolish fellow not to kill my father in years
gone by.
Christy, Act I, p. 131
17. Quotes and Analysis
• [in a low and intense voice] Shut your yelling, for if you’re after making a mighty man
of me this day by the power of a lie, you’re setting me now to think if it’s a poor thing
to be lonesome it’s worse, maybe, go mixing with the fools of the earth.
Christy, Act III, p. 162
• Christy’s low and intense voice augurs the incarnation of the new man, the new self,
that he summons by the end of the play. He recognizes for the first time that the
“mighty man” he has become — the athlete, the poet, the lover — is but a reflection
of crowd’s lies and stories. Christy wonders here whether he would be better off
without his dependance on their stories, as he was at the top of the play. Following
this moment, he rejects Pegeen, marking his final step towards self-reliance in a life
of heroic strength.
18. Themes
POETRY
• In many ways, what
distinguishes Christy as a
hero is less his actions
and more his ability to
represent those actions
through language.
Throughout the play,
Pegeen and company are
struck by Christy's verbal
brilliance.
THE PLAYBOY
• The Playboy is initially
understood as a flirtatious man
who attracts women. This
aptitude is largely based on his
mastery of language.
Therefore, a playboy is one
who can 'play' with words. And
yet Christy drives this concept
into a greater place, as his
language and storytelling
inflate his self-image.
19. Quotes and Analysis
• You should have had great people in your family, I’m thinking, with
the little, small feet you have, and you with a kind of quality name,
the like of what you’d find on the great powers and potentates of
France and Spain...and you a fine, handsome young fellow with a
noble brow...it’s the poets are your like—fine, fiery fellows with great
rages when their temper’s aroused.
Pegeen Mike, Act I, pp. 124-125
20. Quotes and Analysis
• ...but I was lonesome all times, and born lonesome, I’m thinking, as the moon of
dawn...my heart’s scalded this day, and I going off stretching out the earth between
us, the way I’ll not be waking near you another dawn of the year till the two of us arise
to hope or judgment with the saints of God...
Christy, Act II, p.139
Christy, preparing to flee the pub from fear of capture by the police, summons a
poetic voice to lament his loss of Pegeen. The poetry lies not so much in the imagery
as in the scale of his loss, which arcs from birth to death and beyond, to judgment
even. This passage marks a step along the way of Christy’s transformation
21. Quotes and Analysis
• [Putting her shawl over her head and breaking out into wild lamentations] Oh, my
grief, I’ve lost him surely; I’ve lost the only Playboy of the Western World.
Pegeen Mike, Act III, p. 166
• Pegeen’s grief closes the play. Christy may have fallen from her imagination, but she
did not anticipate the effect this would have upon him. In effect, he truly becomes the
heroic figure she imagined him to be, precisely and ironically because he repudiates
that imagining. The departure of the emancipated Christy marks the departure of her
own dream of liberation. She recognizes that she does not have the strength to re-
make herself.