The document discusses the Renaissance period from 1300-1600. It began in Italy as an explosion of creativity in art, writing and thought, reviving styles and learning from ancient Greece and Rome. This rebirth was spurred by increased trade during the Crusades, which allowed city-states like Florence to grow and the merchant class to pursue interests beyond trade, expanding learning. Thinkers studied classical texts and focused on secular subjects, increasing understanding of the world. Renowned Renaissance men like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo emerged, making great contributions across multiple disciplines including art, science and architecture.