OSGi Community Event 2013 (http://www.osgi.org/CommunityEvent2013/Schedule) ABSTRACT Today’s energy market is rapidly changing. The percentage of renewable energy is growing fast, and more and more energy consumers are also generating energy. However, renewable energy sources, like solar and wind are uncontrollable and not always accurately predictable. To avoid black-outs and other problems, the electricity grid must become smarter. In this talk I will present the PowerMatcher smart grid concept, and how its rapid adoption is enabled by OSGi and Eclipse technologies, as demonstrated in the Couperus field trial in the Netherlands. The PowerMatcher is an innovative approach for smart coordination in the electricity grid, a scalable multi-agent system that optimizes distributed generation, storage and use of electrical energy. In 2012, the development of a reference implementation for PowerMatcher on OSGi was started, and the result is now available under a research license from the newly founded Flexiblepower Alliance Network. The OSGi's service, component and configuration model enable rapid development of PowerMatcher solutions, from simulation to assembly and distributed deployment. Messaging between distributed agents is supported with Eclipse Paho, and a simulation toolkit has been developed using the Eclipse Rich Client Platform. The first field deployment that is using the new reference implementation for PowerMatcher is the Couperus Smart Grid project, a new housing project with 300 energy efficient apartment homes equipped with an individual heat pump for heating and cooling. The PowerMatcher controls the heat pumps in such a way that it compensates generation imbalance of a wind turbine, within the capacity constraints of the local grid. Please join us in making the electricity grid smarter! SPEAKER BIO Aldo Eisma is a solution architect at IBM, currently focusing on innovation in energy management. He has led the development of the initial version of the PowerMatcher reference implemention and its field trial in the Couperus Smart Grid project. His past work includes development of RFID and sensor solutions and middleware products, contributions to the Eclipse Service Oriented Device Architecture, and IBM's Java runtime technologies and tools.

1. EclipseCon Europe 2013
The PowerMatcher –
making the electricity grid smarter
Aldo Eisma, Solution Architect
IBM Global Business Services, Netherlands
© 2013 IBM Corporation

2. The energy transition is the shift to sustainable economies through
renewable energy, energy efficiency and sustainable development.
Coal/Natural Gas
Solar
Energy Storage
UTILITY
Hydroelectric
Nuclear
UTILITY
Wind
Coal/Natural Gas
Energy Storage
Nuclear
Wind
Hydroelectric
Solar
Energy Storage
Solar
Plug-in Vehicle
Traditional
Consumer
Power Flow
Periodic Information Flow
Continuous Information Flow
Wind
Smart Grid
So, what's so smart about the Smart Grid?
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3. The percentage of renewable energy is growing quickly, but the power grid
is not ready…
Energy is not always generated when it is needed.
– Generation peak does not match consumption.
– Imbalance due to forecasting errors.
Energy is not always generated where it is needed.
– Transportation losses
– Congestion
– Power quality
This is threatening to destabilize power grids all
across Europe
2012: 28 % wind power
Denmark
France, Germany and Belgium
2020: 50 % wind power
On the weekend of 15th and 16th of June,
Belgium experienced 14 hours of negative
electricity prices, with a three hour peak at
-200 €/MWh, when the average spot
market is usually around 50€/MWh.
Source: EcoGrid EU - A Prototype for European Smart Grids
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4. The energy transition drives a transformation of the industry
Asset Management
… could predict impending asset
failure & prevent costly downtime?
Customer service
… could offer personalized guidance on
energy usage patterns and incentives to
reduce consumption?
Enterprise Analytics
… could make better business
decisions using accurate data
across all time horizons: past,
present and future?
Distribution & Operations
Government, Risk
& Compliance
… could predict & manage outages
based on history of sensor & meter
data and environmental factors?
Network planning
…could reduce risk across
the enterprise and predict
regulatory events before
they become an issue?
… could optimize capital expenditure to
maximize the value to your operations?
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5. The approach of IBM for the transformation of distribution is to build and operate
Virtual Power Plants, where predictive and reactive optimization is used to meet grid
and trading objectives.
The VPP locally aggregates flexible Distributed Energy Resources
– Combined Heat Power and Fuel Cells
– Heat pump and domestic water heating
– Electric vehicle
– Battery
– Household appliances
–…
Source: Greenpeace
Minimize grid impact
Maximize trading flexibility
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6. Our VPP concept uses PowerMatcher™ for reactive optimization – a multiagent system that uses a real-time market-based approach
Source: Koen Kok, The PowerMatcher: Smart Coordination for the Smart Electricity Grid
http://dare.ubvu.vu.nl/bitstream/1871/43567/1/dissertation.pdf
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7. The PowerMatcher matches supply with demand in a radial network, taking
network constraints into account
(Battery demand function)
bid updates
1
bid updates
n
price updates
A bid is an expression of an agent’s intended
instant demand and/or supply (negative demand)
as a function of the price.
The price is the amount to be paid by agents for
demand (or paid to agents in case of supply) per
volume unit.
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1
n
price updates
The auctioneer calculates the equilibrium price
at which supply matches demand.
A concentrator is an interior node which
aggregates bids received from agents further
down the grid.
A concentrator may transform bid and price to
satisfy local network constraints.
© 2013 IBM Corporation

8. The PowerMatcher Information Protocol
The PowerMatcher Information Protocol defines the standard.
In 2012, Alliander, IBM and TNO initiated the development of a (draft) protocol standard and a reference
implementation for PowerMatcher, as the basis for future projects.
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9. Requirements for the PowerMatcher Reference Implementation
Run anywhere in the grid, from home to server, as well as in a simulator environment.
Scalable from simulator to large-scale deployments.
Highly modular - assembly of PowerMatcher clusters from components.
Dynamic model, supporting runtime updates of software and configuration.
Vendor neutral, heterogeneous environments, open source-able.
OSGi™ - The Dynamic Module System for Java™
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10. Component life cycle - auctioneer, concentrator and device agents are
created and configured as OSGi managed factory components
@Component(name = ConcentratorComponent.COMPONENT_NAME,
designateFactory = ConcentratorComponentConfiguration.class)
public class ConcentratorComponent extends Concentrator {
...
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11. The PowerMatcher configuration system
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12. Connecting an agent to its matcher is declarative and follows the
“whiteboard” pattern
1. An adapter factory component is instantiated that tracks the PowerMatcher roles.
2. The agent registers the service for the agent role.
3. The matcher registers the service for the matcher role.
4. The adapter factory connects agents to matchers, filtering on agent and matcher.
configuration properties.
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13. Supporting multiple protocols and protocol implementations
Is plug-and-play thanks to the OSGi service and component model and the application of the
whiteboard pattern.
For example: wide-band and narrow-band messaging protocol and transport.
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14. Distributed deployment is supported by the MQ Telemetry Transport
publish/subscribe messaging protocol
See http://mqtt.org
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15. OSGi configuration in a distributed deployment
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16. Auxiliary whiteboard services
Scalability
– Scheduling services – thread pool
Simulations
– Time services – actual time versus simulated time
– Time acceleration
…
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17. Field test 2013-2014: Couperus Smart Grid, The Hague
Couperus Ypenburg is a new development project of 300 highly energy efficient homes using groundsource heat pumps for heating and cooling.
The PowerMatcher objective is to use the energy flexibility of the heat pumps to
– compensate market imbalance of a small wind turbine park,
– within the capacity constraints of the local grid,
– without compromising the comfort of the home owner.
See http://www.agentschapnl.nl/content/couperus-smart-grid
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18. Couperus PowerMatcher data for 2013-04-17
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19. PowerMatcher in the Flexiblepower Alliance Network
The Flexiblepower Alliance Network (FAN) is an open
industry alliance for the development and promotion of
semantic (de facto) standards, with respect to
communication of and communication with energy
consuming and producing devices for end users. These
standards will facilitate the emergence and use of energy
services, on a uniform, accessible and cost-effective
manner.
See http://www.flexiblepower.org/
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20. Thank you!
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