This document provides an overview of relational database management systems (RDBMS) and SQL. It discusses the history and development of SQL, differences between SQL and NoSQL databases, and data modeling concepts like normal forms. It also covers key Oracle technologies like the Oracle database, storage structures, backup and recovery, indexing, optimization, high availability, and big data integration. The document serves as an introduction to foundational database topics and Oracle's platform.

1. The Pilot Of Oracle RDBMS

2. The status of SQL
Structured
Query
Language

3. The History of SQL

4. SQL vs. NoSQL

5. CAP Theorem
Professor
Eric A. Brewer
University of
California
at Berkeley

6. The difference between
SQL and NoSQL
• IT systems
• OLAP=On-Line Analytical Processing
• OLTP=On-Line Transaction Processing
• NoSQL
• Key-value stores
• Column-oriented databases
• Document-based stores

7. RDBMS
• Relational Database Management System
• E. F. Codd

8. The Normal Form
• 1NF
• 2NF
• 3NF
• BCNF
• 4NF
• 5NF

9. First Normal Form (1NF)
• Every attribute must have value.
• It should not be empty.
• In RDBMS a column without value has NULL value
that can be manipulated or accesses like a normal
value.
• Every attribute must have atomic value that
cannot be shorten further.
• For example: Name is non-atomic attribute as it can
be broken into First Name, Middle Name and
Surname.

10. Second Normal Form (2NF)
• An entity must be in First Normal Form
• Entity must have a Primary Key or Composite
Primary Key
• Every attribute must be fully and functionally
dependent upon Primary Key

11. Third Normal Form (3NF)
• An entity must be Second Normal Form.
• There must not be any dependency among non-
key attributes (other that Primary Key)

12. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
• An entity must be in Third Normal Form.
• If the entity has a Composite Primary Key &
Alternate Primary Key with one or more attribute
common to both, in such case entity must be
broken into three entities.

13. Fouth Normal Form(4NF)
• An entity must be in Boyce-Codd Normal Form.
• If an attribute is based on Value List must be
taken out as a separate entity.

14. Frith Normal Form(5NF)
• An entity must be in Fourth Normal Form.
• If an attribute is multi-valued attribute then it
must be taken out as a separate entity.

15. ACID
• Atomicity
• Consistency
• Isolation
• Durability

16. The data analytical modal

17. Oracle Company

18. memory structure

19. memory structure

20. data block

21. Redo Log

22. Undo

23. Hard Disk IOPS
• Total IOPS
• Random Read IOPS
• Random Write IOPS
• Sequential Read IOPS
• Sequential Write IOPS
source of information
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOPS

24. ASM
• ASM = Automatic Storage Management

25. Backup and Restore
• Copy, Paste
• Export, Import
• Expdp, Impdp
• Rman

26. Index

27. SQL Optimization
• CBO = Cost-Based Optimization
• RBO = Rule-Based Optimization
• Hints
• Explain plan

28. Lock & Latch

29. HA
• HA = High Availability
• RAC = Real Application Clusters
• Data Guard
• MAA = Maximum Availability Architecture

30. GoldenGate
• Real-Time Data Integration and Heterogeneous
Database Replication

31. Streams

32. Exadata

33. BigData

34. Hadoop
• ODCH
• OLH

35. A
Q&Q U E S T I O N SQ U E S T I O N S
A N S W E R SA N S W E R S

36. The End