This document summarizes the key findings and debates regarding the peopling and migration patterns in the Philippines based on archaeological evidence. It discusses the discovery of Homo erectus fossils in Java dated to 1.3-0.5 million years ago, as well as archaeological sites in the Philippines like Tabon Caves that contain human remains dated 47,000-31,000 years ago. There is debate around whether the ancestors of Negritos were the earliest hunter-gatherers occupying the Philippines, versus migrations of Austronesian speakers. While some propose frequent interactions between Negritos and Austronesians, others argue for more isolation. The origins and migration patterns of peoples in the Philippines remains an active area of scholarly

1. A Cartographic Synthesis

3.  In 1897, R. Virchow made the first critical assessment
of the existing data about peopling of the Philippines
by using skull analysis data.

4.  Wilhelm Schmidt referred to the family of languages
spoken from Taiwan to New Zealand and Madagascar
to Easter Island.

5.  During Pleistocene
period, large tracts of
land of submerged
Sunda shelf have been
exposed to the surface

6.  Fossils of Java man
retrieved from diff. sites
of central Java
 Dated back 1.3-0.5
million years ago

7.  Tabon Caves (Palawan)
are one of the most
significant archeological
sites in the Philippines

8.  The caves have yielded
tibia fragments and a
mandible dated 47,000-
31,000 years ago
 complement to the skull
of the so-called Tabon
man dated 16,500 years
ago

9.  Discovery of Paleolithic
cultural remains beyond
the Huxley’s Line, in
Southwest
Sulawesi, Eastern
Timor, and in Luzon, in
the Cagayan Valley

10.  Paleolithic stone tools
found in Arubo, Nueva
Ecija and other sites in
Rizal
Province, Davao, Taal, N
ovaliches and Balukbuk
but without geological
context.

11. Sundaland occupied from 1.3 million years ago to present
by early Homo Erectus, then Homo Sapiens and finally
Homo Sapiens Sapiens

12.  They were the direct
descendants of the
Java Homo Sapiens
 Noah’s Ark model claim
that Sundaland Homo
Erectus disappeared
before being replaced by
Homo Sapiens from
Africa.

13. Ancestors of Negritos are the early hunter-gatherer
hominids occupied the Philippines during Paleolithic
period

14.  “Isolation stance” model
– infrequent contacts
with the culturally
Austronesian speakers
 Interdependent model of
evolution- strong trading
interactions have been
maintained between
Negritos and
Austronesian speakers
for 1,000-3,000 years

15.  Second inhibitors of the
archipelago
 Associated with the
Neolithic cultural stage

16.  Inhabitants of the
Philippines as
indigenous people who
have undergone a long
period of internal
development
 They are
exogenous, implying
movements of people

17.  Defends that the
homeland speakers
lies within the wide
triangle called
Austronesia
 Insists the period of
internal development
 Origin of the current
cultural and linguistic
differences

18.  Contests existence of large group of people migrations
for various reason:
-shaky date concordance bet. linguistic and
archeological proofs
-serious competition with previous residents

19. ….be the JUDGE.

20. Presented by:
Maigue, Milcah
Alviar, David
Catacutan, Tristan
Opida, Constantine
Carpio, Ferdie Marc
Maranan, Jaymar