This document summarizes the history of human settlement in the Philippines based on archaeological evidence. It discusses early Homo erectus and Homo sapiens fossils found in Java and Tabon Cave that date back 47,000 to 1.3 million years ago. Later, Paleolithic stone tools were discovered across the Philippines, providing evidence that Negrito groups descended from Java Homo sapiens had been inhabiting the islands for over 30,000 years. However, the origins and interactions between these early groups and later Austronesian migrations are still debated.

3.  In 1897, R. Virchow made the first critical
assessment of the existing data about
peopling of the Philippines by using skull
analysis data.

4.  Wilhelm Schmidt referred to the family of
languages spoken from Taiwan to New
Zealand and Madagascar to Easter
Island.

5.  During Pleistocene
period, large tracts
of land of
submerged Sunda
shelf have been
exposed to the
surface

6.  Fossils of Java man
retrieved from diff.
sites of central Java
 Dated back 1.3-0.5
million years ago

7.  Tabon Caves
(Palawan) are one
of the most
significant
archeological sites in
the Philippines

8.  The caves have
yielded tibia
fragments and a
mandible dated
47,000-31,000 years
ago
 complement to the
skull of the so-called
Tabon man dated
16,500 years ago

9.  Discovery of
Paleolithic cultural
remains beyond the
Huxley’s Line, in
Southwest Sulawesi,
Eastern Timor, and in
Luzon, in the
Cagayan Valley

10.  Paleolithic stone
tools found in Arubo,
Nueva Ecija and
other sites in Rizal
Province, Davao,
Taal, Novaliches and
Balukbuk but without
geological context.

12.  They were the
direct
descendants of
the Java Homo
Sapiens
 Noah’s Ark model
claim that
Sundaland Homo
Erectus disappeared
before being
replaced by Homo
Sapiens from Africa.

14.  “Isolation stance”
model – infrequent
contacts with the
culturally
Austronesian
speakers
 Interdependent
model of evolution-
strong trading
interactions have
been maintained
between Negritos
and Austronesian
speakers for 1,000-
3,000 years

15.  Second inhibitors of
the archipelago
 Associated with the
Neolithic cultural
stage

16.  Inhabitants of the
Philippines as
indigenous people
who have
undergone a long
period of internal
development
 They are exogenous,
implying movements
of people

17.  Defends that the
homeland speakers
lies within the wide
triangle called
Austronesia
 Insists the period of
internal
development
 Origin of the current
cultural and linguistic
differences

18.  Contests existence of large group of
people migrations for various reason:
-shaky date concordance bet. linguistic
and archeological proofs
-serious competition with previous
residents