The itcz hurricanes and droughts
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A short presentation to demonstrate the role of the ITCZ in drought and hurricane formation for IB geography students
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Air Masses and Fronts
Maritime tropical air masses form over warm waters and bring warm, moist air into parts of the United States. Continental polar air masses form over snow-covered northern Canada and bring cold, dry air into central and eastern portions of the country. When warm and cold air masses meet, fronts are formed. Cold fronts have steep slopes that can produce heavy precipitation like thunderstorms and hail, while warm fronts have more gentle slopes and cause lighter, longer-lasting precipitation from nimbostratus clouds. Occluded fronts occur when a cold front catches up to a warm front.
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This PowerPoint is one small part of the Weather and Climate unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 2500+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 19 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
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Maritime tropical air masses form over warm waters and bring warm, moist air into parts of the United States. Continental polar air masses form over snow-covered northern Canada and bring cold, dry air into central and eastern portions of the country. When warm and cold air masses meet, fronts are formed. Cold fronts have steep slopes that can produce heavy precipitation like thunderstorms and hail, while warm fronts have more gentle slopes and cause lighter, longer-lasting precipitation from nimbostratus clouds. Occluded fronts occur when a cold front catches up to a warm front.
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This document discusses global air circulation patterns driven by uneven heating of the atmosphere. It describes three main factors that influence winds: pressure gradient force, Coriolis force, and friction force. Unequal heating creates high and low pressure systems that drive winds according to these forces. The document outlines the major wind systems in different latitudes, including the trade winds near the equator; westerlies in mid-latitudes between subtropical highs and subpolar lows; and polar easterlies near the poles. Diagrams are provided showing typical January and July surface pressure patterns and winds in each region.
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The document discusses time zones and the International Date Line. It provides background on how time zones were established in the late 19th century using 24 zones spaced 15 degrees apart. It describes how the International Date Line works, deviating in places to avoid land, so that dates change when traveling east or west across it. Examples are given of how the date changes when flying across the date line from the US to Japan and back.
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Longitude and latitude specify the location of a point on Earth's surface. Longitude lines run north-south and measure east or west of the Prime Meridian in London. Latitude lines run east-west and measure north or south of the equator. Time zones group regions under a standard time to coordinate schedules. The International Date Line demarcates calendar days and generally follows the 180 meridian, with some deviations to keep whole countries together. Crossing it can result in losing or gaining a day of travel depending on direction.
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AIR MASSES AND FRONT
The document discusses air masses and fronts. It defines air masses as large bodies of air with uniform properties that form over land or water surfaces. There are four main types of air masses classified by their region of formation: maritime/continental and polar/tropical. Fronts are boundaries between unlike air masses. There are three main types of fronts: cold fronts, where cold air overtakes warm air; warm fronts, where warm air overtakes cold air; and occluded fronts, where a warm air mass is overtaken by two cooler air masses.
18. air masses and fronts notes
Air masses take on characteristics of the regions where they form and remain stationary. They are classified by temperature and moisture content as either continental, maritime, tropical, or polar. Fronts form boundaries between differing air masses and can cause precipitation. Cold fronts push warm air out of the way while warm fronts lift warm air over colder air. Stationary fronts move slowly and occluded fronts occur when a cold mass overtakes a warm one. Cyclones are low pressure storm systems that rotate counter-clockwise along storm tracks, while anticyclones bring dry weather with sinking air flowing outward clockwise from high pressure centers.
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Haiti earthquake - Adjustments and Responses (Correct Ver)
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The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is an area encircling the Earth near the equator where the trade winds of the northern and southern hemispheres meet. The ITCZ forms a belt of clouds and thunderstorms driven by solar heating. It marks the ascending branch of the Hadley cell and brings wet weather, while the descending branch causes dry conditions at the horse latitudes. The location of the ITCZ varies seasonally as it follows the sun's zenith point over land and shifts more subtly over oceans according to sea surface temperature distribution.
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The itcz hurricanes and droughts
- 1. Understanding Global Climate The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone and its Relevance to Droughts and Hurricanes
- 2. What Goes Up…………………………….The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone and its Relevance to Hurricanes
- 3. The ICTZ is the band of cloud that you can see here; it wraps the whole way around the Earth underneath the solar equator
- 4. The ITCZ and Hurricanes The reason why there are clouds at the ITCZ is that there is a lot of evapotranspiration occurring. This evapotranspiration is due to the sun being directly overhead. This evapotranspiration is the first stage of hurricane formation; the development of low pressure areas. Low pressure at surface
- 5. Summer in the Northern Hemisphere is when the sun is directly Summer in over the Tropic of Cancer the Southern Hemisphere is when the sun is directly over the Tropic of Capricorn
- 6. The movement of the ITCZ as the seasons change has a huge influence over global climate as the weather associated with the ITCZ migrates with it.
- 7. You should be able to see that oceans north of the Equator are currently hotter than those south of the Equator: This is because the sun is over the northern hemisphere at the moment. You should also notice that the significant tropical storms and low pressure systems are all in the northern hemisphere at the moment Equator
- 8. The movement of the solar equator (and thus the ITCZ) is crucial for the formation of hurricanes for these 2 reasons: 1. It creates low pressure areas 2. It warms the ocean which provides the of convection rainfall that are hot water fuel that allows low pressure embryonic hurricanes areas to mature into full hurricanes Low Pressure
- 9. Must Come Down…………………………….The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone and its Relevance to Droughts
- 10. The Pressure Gradient Force Very dry Lots of rain Very dry Important points: 1. Air always moves from high pressure areas to low pressure areas 2. Low pressure areas are created at the ITCZ due to solar radiation causing evapotranspiration 3. Warming air can hold increasing amounts of water in vapor form and vice versa
- 11. Global Arid Areas Notice that, in Africa, the arid and hyper-arid areas are in the areas where the subtropical high pressure zones can be found. The effect of the ITCZ on Africa is particularly strong and as our drought case study is on Ethiopia, particularly relevant Drought causes are complex and so the movement of the ITCZ does not explain all drought. Other important factors are ocean currents and continentality.