The integrated functions of cardiovascular and respiratory systems

autore: Elena Bruno. Tirocinio, corso di
perfezionamento CLIL

BLOOD
THE HEART
BLOOD
VESSELS
TISSUES
LUNGS
pump
s
throu
gh
To
oxigenati
on
CO2 gets
out of
cells
This is an uncomplete map about some contents of the module «The integrated functions
of cardiovascular and respiratory systems». Modify this slide and try to rebuild it moving
and connecting the elements of this slide with arrows (boxes, drawings and circles). In the
next slide you can see the complete map

BLOOD
THE HEART
BLOOD
VESSELS
TISSUES
LUNGS
pump
s
throu
gh
To
oxigenati
on
CO2 gets
out of
cells

The circulatory
system serves
metabolic needs of
cells
It delivers
oxigen and
nutrients to
cells and takes
away (remove)
carbon dioxide
and other
wastes It conveys
waste products
to specific sites
for disposal
The respiratory
system
kidney
liver
Lungs

A PUMP: THE HEART
TUBES: BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERIESVEINS
CAPILLARIES
The cardiovascular
system consists
of….
Pumps
blood into…
Return blood to
the heart…
allow blood to
circulate to all
parts of the body
Carry blood
away from
heart…

CLOSED
The human
cardiovascular
system is
closed: the
blood is
confined to the
vessels
DOUBLE
The human
cardiovascular system
includes two circulatory
paths
The Pulmonary
circuit (small
circulation)
The Systemic circuit
(great circulation)
HEART-LUNGS
HEART-TISSUES

Location of
Heart in
Thorax:
between the
lungs
Your heart is a pump. It's a muscular
organ about the size of your fist and
located slightly left of center in your
chest.
Heart wall is formed by
three layers
1. Pericardium:
outside layer
2. Myocardium:
middle
layer, mostly
cardiac muscle
(striated and
involuntary)
3. Endocardium:
inner layer

The heart is divided into the right and the left side. The division protects
oxygen-rich blood from mixing with oxygen-poor blood.
Valves keep blood moving in
the correct direction
Each side of the heart has
an atrium, the upper
chamber, and a
ventricle, the lower
chamber
Valves open as
blood is pumped
through
Close to
prevent
backflow

A beating heart contracts and relaxes. Contraction is called
systole, and relaxation is called diastole.
During
systole, your
ventricles
contract, forcing
blood into the
vessels going to
your lungs and
body — much like
ketchup being
forced out of a
squeeze bottle….
During diastole
your ventricles
relax and are
filled with
blood coming
from the upper
chambers, the
left and right
atria
EXAMPLE
KEY WORDS
FOR
DIASTOLE
ARE:…
KEY WORDS
FOR
SYSTOLE:
ARE …..

A vein takes
blood to heart
to
Away
from
to
Away
from
An arterie takes
blood away from
heart
EXERCISE 2: move the circles with preposition in the right position on the picture

to
Away
from
to
Away
from
to
Away
from
to
Away
from
EXERCISE 2: move the circles with prepositions in the right position on the
picture to mark arteries and veins (direction of bloodflow)

Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid (mitrale) valve
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Semilunar valve
Pulmonary veins
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
septum

1. The cardiovascular system is……………………this means that the blood is
confined to the vessels
2. The heart is a …………………………………..pump, its location is slightly left
of center in your ………………..
3. The heart wall is formed by three ………………., the middle one is the
myocardium
4. Each side of the heart has an atrium, the ……… chamber, and a
ventricle, the ……..chamber
5. ………..keep blood moving in the correct direction
6. A beating heart contracts and relaxes. ………………………….is called
systole, and ……………………………………..is called diastole.
7. A vein takes blood ……………. heart
8. An arterie takes blood ………………………………from heart

The cardiac cycle is the alternating relaxation-DIASTOLE and contraction-SYSTOLE of atria
and ventricles.
DURING A SINGLE HEARTBEAT, FIRST THE ATRIA CONTRACT AND THEN VENTRICLES
CONTRACT
First atria contract….
….then
Ventricles contract….

Go to the following link, watch the video
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/
circulatory/0_anatomy_circulatorysys_act.shtml
http://medtropolis.com/virtual-body/
Make the exercises proposed on the following link:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/appliedanatomy/
0_anatomy_circulatorysys/quiz/q82567959/

First of all: the right part of the heart is syncronized with the left one, they
work together in the same way, nevertheless we will simplify the circuit of
blood flow considering first what happens in the right part of the heart and
then in the left….GOOD WORK!
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
RIGHT PART OF THE HEART (receive and
pump oxigen poor blood). ATRIUM AND
VENTRICLE ARE IN DIASTOLE: THEY FILL UP
WITH BLOOD
Oxigen poor blood from the upper body is
channeled into superior vena cava while that
from the lower body enters through the
inferior vena cava. These veins empty their
blood into the relaxed right atrium
(diastole), tricuspid valve opens so that
blood can flow from the atrium into the
relaxed ventricle (diastole), Semilunar valve
is closed
Opened
tricuspid
valve
D
D
1
D=diastoleautore: Elena Bruno. Tirocinio, corso di

RIGHT PART OF THE HEART (receive and
pump oxigen poor blood). ATRIUM IS IN
SYSTOLE VENTRICLE IS IN DIASTOLE
Right atrium contracts (systole) forcing the
remainig blood into the ventricle that is
still relaxed (diastole), tricuspid valve is still
open
s
D
2
Opened
tricuspid
valve

RIGHT PART OF THE HEART
(receive and pump oxigen
poor blood). ATRIUM IS IN
DIASTOLE VENTRICLE IS IN
SYSTOLE
Right vetricles contracts
(systole) and pumps blood
into the pulmonary arteries.
Semilunar valve is open so
that the blood can flow into
the pulmonary arterie: this
blood vessel is divided in two
branches (the two pulmonary
arteries) transporting blood
to the lungs for oxigenation
D
S
3
closed
tricuspid
valve
opened
semilunar
valve
…To the lungs to pick up oxigen
Pulmonary arterie

Pulmonary veins
Opened
bicuspid
valve
D
D
4
Pulmonary veins
LEFT PART OF THE HEART
(receive and pump oxigen rich
blood). ATRIUM AND
VENTRICLE ARE IN DIASTOLE:
THEY FILL UP WITH BLOOD
Oxigen rich blood, coming from
lungs, flows back to the
relaxed left atrium (diastole)
via pulmonary veins . Bicuspid
valve opens so that blood can
flow from the atrium into the
relaxed ventricle
(diastole), aortic valve is closed
Closed
aortic valve

s
D
5
Opened
biicuspid
valve
LEFT PART OF THE HEART (receive and
pump oxigen rich blood). ATRIUM AND
VENTRICLE ARE IN DIASTOLE: THEY
FILL UP WITH BLOOD
Left atrium contracts (systole) forcing
the remainig blood into the ventricle
that is still relaxed (diastole), bicuspid
valve is still open

LEFT PART OF THE HEART
(receive and pump oxigen
poor blood). ATRIUM IS IN
DIASTOLE VENTRICLE IS IN
SYSTOLE
Left vetricles contracts
(systole) and pumps blood
into the aorta. Aortic valve is
open so that the blood can
flow into the aorta: the aorta
is the our largest blood
vessel, it distributes
oxygenated blood to all parts
of the body through the
sistemic circulation
D
S
6
closed
bicuspid
valve
opened
aortic valve
…To all body organs….
aorta

Task
Dramatization of the Blood's Trip
Through the Heart (file in word)

Blood is pumped by the heart into large arteries, it then flows into smaller arterioles and finally
into a network of capillaries. The blood passes from capillaries into venules, then larger veins
and returns to the heart
Arteries and veins
have three layers
(tunics)
1. Tunic intima with
an epitelium
called
Endothelium
2. Tunic media
composed by
unvoluntary
smooth muscle
3. Tunic
externa, mostly
fibrous
connective tissue

Blood vessel Function Adaptions
Artery
carry blood away from heart
at high pressure
thick, elastic, muscular walls
to withstand pressure and to
exert force (pulse)
Capillary
allow exchange of materials
between blood and tissues
thin permeable walls
Vein
return low pressure blood to
heart
Large diameter to offer least
flow resistance. Valves to
prevent back flow.
The structure of blood vessels is
correlated with their functions:

By the time the blood reaches the
veins, its pressure has dropped to
near zero. When the muscle of the
body conctract, they squeeze blood
to the heart. Moreover, valves along
veins prevent backflow. When these
valves don’t close properly, you have
varicose veins.

Arteries (aa.) Veins (vv.)
Direction
of flow
Pressure
Walls
Lumen
Valves
ACTIVITY: fill up the T-Table with words indicating
the main features of veins and arteries

Arteries (aa.) Veins (vv.)
Direction
of flow
Blood Away from
Heart
Blood to Heart
Pressure Higher Lower
Walls THICKER THINNER
Lumen Smaller Larger
Valves No valves Valves
ACTIVITY: SOLUTION

Thin- walled capillaries allow
exchanges of gas, nutrients and
waste products with tissues
Oxygen passes for diffusion
through the capillary wall and into
the tissues, carbon dioxide passes
from the tissues into the blood
Capillaries bed= capilllaries net
O2 CO2

27-30
The Heart: Blood Flow
Right
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Pulmonary
Semilunar
Valve
Left
Atrium
Bicuspid
Valve
Left
Ventricle
Pulmonary
Valve
Tricuspid
Valve
Aortic
Semilunar
Valve
LungsBody

START Arteries deriving from aorta carry blood to arteriole, then blood
enters capillaries located in the tissues
 Blood moves from pulmonary capillaries into venules and then veins
 Blood moves from pumonary ccour
 Left atrium contracts (systole) , pumps blood into relaxed ventricle
(diastole)
 Left ventricle contracts, pumps blood into aorta
 Oxygen moves from blood in the capillaries to cells, carbon dioxide
moves in the opposite way
 Poor oxygen blood from capillaries enters venules, then veins and
returns to the right part of the heart via superior and inferior vena
cava
 Pulmonary veins carry the oxygenated blood to the left side of the
heart.
 right atrium contracts, pumps blood into the relaxed ventricle
 Right ventricle contracts, pumps blood into pulmonary arteries
arteries in arteriole and then pulmonary capillaries where gas
exchanges o
EXERCISE. Order the phases of blood circulation, then create a table where you will
show the phases of small circulation and those of great circulation

Blood pressure: the force that is exerted by blood against blood
vessel walls
Blood pressure is highest in large arteries BUT will rise and fall as heart pumps, in fact
you have
• highest pressure (systolic pressure) with left ventricular systole (blood is forced into
aorta)
• lowest pressure with ventricular diastole (diastolic pressure)
Pressure in blood vessels decreases as the distance away from
the heart increases
Measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries

Task
For this task ou have to work in
group. To perform the task go to
the following link
http://elenascienze.blogspot.it/
(see word file too)

The Respiratory System
The organs of the respiratory system ensure that oxygen enters the
body and carbon dioxide leaves the body
Task
Go to the following link
http://www.eslvideo.com/ESL_teacher
.php?teacher=toenbruno
Watch the subtitled video , then answer the
multiple -choice questions that you can find in
the same page of the video (you can watch the
video as many time as you need). When you have
finished, please send me your results following
the instructions reported at the end of the test.
My Teacher code is «ElenaBruno»

EXERCIZE LABELLING
nostrils
trachea
epiglottis
mouth
larynx
nasal cavity
pharynx

EXERCISE LABELLING
trachea
esophagus
bronchus
bronchiole
lung
diaphragm
alveolus
capillary network

The small circulation

Arterioles deriving from pulmonary arteries
Venules connected with pulmonary veins
Capillary
network of one
alveolus
Gas exchange occurs between air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries . Oxygen
diffuses across the alveolar wall and enters the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide
diffuses from the blood across the alveolar wall to enter the alveoli.

To understand ventilation, it is necessary to realize that the lungs adhere to the
thoracic cavity by way of the pleura.
During
inspiration, the
thoracic cavity
and, therefore, the
lungs expand so
that air is drawn
in.
During expiration,
the thoracic
cavity and,
therefore, the
lungs resume their
original positions
and pressures.
Now air is forced
out.

WORKING ON A TEXT…..DEVI SCANNERIZZARE IL TESTO SUL QUALE ABBIAMO
LAVORATO

Structure Description Function
Nares
(nostrils)
5 D
Nasal
cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchiole
s
Lungs
Description
1. Branched tubes that lead from bronchi to alveoli (air sacs)
2. Chamber posterior to oral cavity,; lies between nasal cavity and larynx
3. Flexible tube that connects larynx with bronchi
4. Hollow spaces in nose
5. Opening into the nasal cavity
6. Organ that houses vocal cords (voice box)
7. Paired tubes inferior to the trachea that enter the lungs
8. Soft, cone-shaped organs that occupy lateral portion of thoracic cavity
Function
A. Contain alveoli and blood vessels
B. Filter, warm and moisten air
C. Passage of air into larynx
D. Passage of air into nasal cavities
E. Passage of air to bronchi
F. Passage of air to each alveolus
G. Passage of air to lungs
H. Sound production
Fill up this table:
match each
structure with
the
corresponding
description and
function (see
example)

Task
LET’S PLAY TO THE DOCTOR (SEE
WORD FILE)

The integrated functions of cardiovascular and respiratory systems

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