The document discusses nutrition and the circulatory system. It begins by explaining respiration and the respiratory system, including how oxygen is obtained and carbon dioxide is expelled during breathing. It then describes the excretory system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra that eliminate waste from the blood. Next, it details the components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It also explains the different types of blood vessels - arteries, veins, and capillaries. Finally, it distinguishes pulmonary circulation between the heart and lungs from systemic circulation between the heart and rest of the body.

1. NUTRITION II

2. INDEX
1. Respiration and excretion
2. The circulatory system
3. Blood circulation

3. 1.1 What is respiration?
O It is a process. We do it automatically.
O We obtain oxygen and expel carbon
dioxide
O Oxygen + nutrients= energy
O https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1Yt
Xc_84A

5. 1.2 The respiratory system
O Consists of the air passageways and the
lungs
O The air passageways: Are the tubes
which air goes in and out of our bodies.
O The lungs: Are the two spongy organs
where the gas exchange takes place.
They are in the thoracic cavity (sternum,
the ribs and the spinal column)

6. 1.3 Respiration
O Two breathing movements
O During inhalation: the lungs and the
thoracic cavity expand. Air enters through
the air passageways and ends at the
alveoli's.
O During exhalation: the lungs and the
thoracic cavity contracts. This pushes the
air that contain CO2 out of the body.

8. 1.4 Excretion
O Is the elimination of waste substances
from the blood
O This process is carried out by the
excretory system.
O https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XF_lF
3J4ZKs

9. 1.5 The excretory system
O Is made up of:
O The kidneys: they filter the blood and
retain waste substances which make up
urine
O The ureters: they carry urine from the
kidneys to the bladder
O The bladder: this stores the urine until is
expelled from the body
O The urethra: urine is expelled through this
tube.

11. 1.6 Sweat and sweat glands
O It is a liquid that our body secretes
O It is formed in the sweat glands in the
skin
O It is made up of a ball-shaped coil and a
tiny tube that connects with a pore.

12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_FLjj_Z7SKA

13. 2.1 Blood
O This liquid reaches all the cells in our body
O Transports nutrients, oxygen, CO2 and
waste
O Is made up of: plasma and blood cells
O Red blood cells: they distribute oxygen
and make blood red
O White blood cells: protect the body from
illnesses
O Platelets: they attached to the vessels
walls

14. 2.2 Blood vessels
O They are hollow tubes all over our body
O They circulate blood. There are 3 types:
O Arteries: carry blood from the heart to
other organs.
O Veins: carry blood to the heart
O Capillaries: connect arteries to veins and
circulate blood inside the organs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjNKbL_-
cwA

15. 2.3 The heart
O It is made up of muscles. That work all the
time to pump blood around the body.
O It is divided into 2 halves. Each half it is made
up of 2 parts:
O Atria: these are the 2 upper parts. Blood from
the veins enters here.
O Ventricles: these are the 2 lower parts. Blood
leaves from here and travels through arteries.
O A valve connects each atrium to the ventricle
on the same side. Control direction of the
blood circulation.

17. 3.1 What is blood circulation?
O Is the constant move of blood.
O Distributes nutrients, liberate oxygen
and picks up waste substances.
O Every beat pumps blood to every cell. Two
stages:
O Systole: contraction that makes blood
flow to the arteries
O Diastole: relaxation that makes blood
enter through the veins to the heart

18. 3.2 Pulmonary circulation
O Is the movement of
blood between the
heart and the lungs

19. 3.3 Systemic circulation
O Is the movement of
blood between the
heart and the rest
of the body

20. INDIVIDUAL WORK
O You have to do a work about the 2nd and
3rd points.
O You can do whatever you want ( video, art
work, poster,…) but related with the topic.
O Deadline: 11th of January. If you have any
doubt ask me via email.

21. O https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jznS5
psypI