Le Corbusier had a significant influence on the emergence of aesthetic values in modern architecture in Cyprus. The paper examines how Le Corbusier's principles from the early 20th century, such as his five points of architecture, impacted the work of Cypriot architect Neoptolemos Michaelides, considered the father of modern Cypriot architecture. Two of Michaelides' works, his private residence and the first residential project he designed, are analyzed as case studies that demonstrate the influence of Le Corbusier's emphasis on simplicity, rationality, and functionality.
A B S T R A C T
Modernity has significantly influenced the branches of human knowledge; architecture has a substantial share in this effect. Modern architecture, in turn, was not a negative recipient to impact, but it was a positive catalyst for decades. Moreover, it did not limit to certain geographic boundaries, but it has spread all over the world and Cyprus was not an exception. Due to most of the Cypriot pioneer architects were studied in Europe; Cyprus was the incubator that has many architectural distinctive pieces of evidence of modern architecture. Perhaps the expert reader of the modern architectural discourse of Cyprus could distinguish numerous aesthetic features in Cyprus Buildings especially the private residences and their appearance is credited back to one of the pioneers of modern architecture; Le Corbusier. The research paper is an attempt to determine the influence of the principles that Le Corbusier claimed as keystones of modern architecture in early twenty century and how impressed on the emergence of aesthetic values of the modern architecture of Cyprus as well. The paper takes two works of Neoptolemos Michaelides, as case study (Neoptolemos Michaelides is considered the father of Cyprus modern architecture). The first case study is his and wife private residence, which considers the icon of the modern residential architecture of Cyprus and the other is the first residential project designed by him Theotodos Kanthos residence.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2018) 2(1), 1-12. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2017.3651
A B S T R A C T
Modern architecture developed more than a century ago to find solutions suitable to solve the new concerns of the industrial revolution that changed the social idea of the world in all aspects. Bauhaus school which established by Walter Gropius in 1919 adopted too many principles and ideas that were totally new to the architecture concept and theory at that time; their principles started from Simplicity, Angularity, Abstraction, Consistency, Unity, Organization, Economy, Subtlety, Continuity, Regularity, and Sharpness. Those principles affected the architectural world and found its way through many applications in different parts of the world. The unlimited space or the international space that had a significant influence on the architecture space and form as well as the introduction of the new material, the anti- decorating, and Platonic forms had worked to reconstruct the architecture in the world. Cyprus as an Island close to the sources of the movement got the influence from the modern movement. The study will concentrate on Efruz Housing which designed by Ahmet Vural, who developed the project in the 60th of the last century. The aim of the research is to find the relationship and effects of Bauhaus school in Cyprus through studying and analyzing some of Ahmet vural works. The methodology will depend on a comparison with the traditional housing that preceded Mr. Vural work and how the Modernism changed the main features of the housing on the Island.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2017) 1(2), 1-10. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2017.3645
A B S T R A C T
Modernity has significantly influenced the branches of human knowledge; architecture has a substantial share in this effect. Modern architecture, in turn, was not a negative recipient to impact, but it was a positive catalyst for decades. Moreover, it did not limit to certain geographic boundaries, but it has spread all over the world and Cyprus was not an exception. Due to most of the Cypriot pioneer architects were studied in Europe; Cyprus was the incubator that has many architectural distinctive pieces of evidence of modern architecture. Perhaps the expert reader of the modern architectural discourse of Cyprus could distinguish numerous aesthetic features in Cyprus Buildings especially the private residences and their appearance is credited back to one of the pioneers of modern architecture; Le Corbusier. The research paper is an attempt to determine the influence of the principles that Le Corbusier claimed as keystones of modern architecture in early twenty century and how impressed on the emergence of aesthetic values of the modern architecture of Cyprus as well. The paper takes two works of Neoptolemos Michaelides, as case study (Neoptolemos Michaelides is considered the father of Cyprus modern architecture). The first case study is his and wife private residence, which considers the icon of the modern residential architecture of Cyprus and the other is the first residential project designed by him Theotodos Kanthos residence.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2018) 2(1), 1-12. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2017.3651
A B S T R A C T
Modern architecture developed more than a century ago to find solutions suitable to solve the new concerns of the industrial revolution that changed the social idea of the world in all aspects. Bauhaus school which established by Walter Gropius in 1919 adopted too many principles and ideas that were totally new to the architecture concept and theory at that time; their principles started from Simplicity, Angularity, Abstraction, Consistency, Unity, Organization, Economy, Subtlety, Continuity, Regularity, and Sharpness. Those principles affected the architectural world and found its way through many applications in different parts of the world. The unlimited space or the international space that had a significant influence on the architecture space and form as well as the introduction of the new material, the anti- decorating, and Platonic forms had worked to reconstruct the architecture in the world. Cyprus as an Island close to the sources of the movement got the influence from the modern movement. The study will concentrate on Efruz Housing which designed by Ahmet Vural, who developed the project in the 60th of the last century. The aim of the research is to find the relationship and effects of Bauhaus school in Cyprus through studying and analyzing some of Ahmet vural works. The methodology will depend on a comparison with the traditional housing that preceded Mr. Vural work and how the Modernism changed the main features of the housing on the Island.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2017) 1(2), 1-10. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2017.3645
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων architekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and "creator") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων architekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "creator") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures.
Art and architecture are getting divorced despite the fact, there exists thin line to differentiate between art and architecture. If Art is labelled as,’ expression of human creative skill/imagination in visual form, Architecture ,is defined as art and science of creating buildings based on utility ,strength and beauty. If a great piece of art is an object of joy and pleasure, a well designed and constructed building brings joy and happiness for the owner, community and user .As a creative science Art has leveraged architecture in numerous ways giving architecture a new theme, meaning and vocabulary. Chandigarh, a role model in the field of architecture and urban planning, designed by Mon Le-Corbusier and his team of great architects, have made extensive use of art as integral part of the designing various buildings including buildings in Capitol Complex, High Court, Assembly, College of Art and Architecture etc to promote their aesthetics and beauty. If architecture is called the body, art rightly assumes the role of soul. Majority of problems facing the profession of architecture has genesis in growing mismatch between art and architecture. The existing ideology of architectural education and practice needs to be, revisited
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων architekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and "creator") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings
Structuralism is a mode of thinking .pptxseyefeselasse
Structuralism is a mode of thinking and a method of analysis practiced in 20th-centurysocial sciences and humanities. Methodologically, it analyses large-scale systems by examining the relations and functions of the smallest constituent elements of such systems, which range from human languages and cultural practices to folktales and literary texts.
The twentieth century modern architectures in Lefkosia in North Cyprus are changing especially in residential building. This change is occurs based on the client’s orders or because of the dilapidated condition of the buildings. Identify the characteristics of modernist architectural movement will help in identifying these buildings and recognize the changes applied on them. The paper aims to reach the rationale understanding about the norms of modern architecture in Lefkoşa in the twentieth century. The methodology is based on analyzing the residential buildings designed by local architects and “Ahmet Vural Bahaeddin” selected as one of the famous modernist architect in the twentieth century in North Cyprus. Residential buildings from Milan and Rome in Italy, as well as Baecelina in Spain selected for analysis. The paper tries to demonstrate the presence of vernacular elements in modern architecture in Lefkoşa. Two vernacular elements were studied, i) the patio (outside and inside interrelation), and ii) the façade materials (exposed stone) as vernacular elements in “Mediterranean modernist architecture”. The paper delineated the influence of the “Mediterranean modernist movement” on modern architecture in Lefkoşa in the 20th century. The findings show that there is influence by Modernist movement of architecture in other Mediterranean cities in Italy and Espain on the modern architecture in Lefkoşa. The results contribute evidence to promote our understanding regarding the modernist architecture in Lefkoşa.
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων architekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and "creator") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων architekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "creator") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures.
Art and architecture are getting divorced despite the fact, there exists thin line to differentiate between art and architecture. If Art is labelled as,’ expression of human creative skill/imagination in visual form, Architecture ,is defined as art and science of creating buildings based on utility ,strength and beauty. If a great piece of art is an object of joy and pleasure, a well designed and constructed building brings joy and happiness for the owner, community and user .As a creative science Art has leveraged architecture in numerous ways giving architecture a new theme, meaning and vocabulary. Chandigarh, a role model in the field of architecture and urban planning, designed by Mon Le-Corbusier and his team of great architects, have made extensive use of art as integral part of the designing various buildings including buildings in Capitol Complex, High Court, Assembly, College of Art and Architecture etc to promote their aesthetics and beauty. If architecture is called the body, art rightly assumes the role of soul. Majority of problems facing the profession of architecture has genesis in growing mismatch between art and architecture. The existing ideology of architectural education and practice needs to be, revisited
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων architekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and "creator") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings
Structuralism is a mode of thinking .pptxseyefeselasse
Structuralism is a mode of thinking and a method of analysis practiced in 20th-centurysocial sciences and humanities. Methodologically, it analyses large-scale systems by examining the relations and functions of the smallest constituent elements of such systems, which range from human languages and cultural practices to folktales and literary texts.
The twentieth century modern architectures in Lefkosia in North Cyprus are changing especially in residential building. This change is occurs based on the client’s orders or because of the dilapidated condition of the buildings. Identify the characteristics of modernist architectural movement will help in identifying these buildings and recognize the changes applied on them. The paper aims to reach the rationale understanding about the norms of modern architecture in Lefkoşa in the twentieth century. The methodology is based on analyzing the residential buildings designed by local architects and “Ahmet Vural Bahaeddin” selected as one of the famous modernist architect in the twentieth century in North Cyprus. Residential buildings from Milan and Rome in Italy, as well as Baecelina in Spain selected for analysis. The paper tries to demonstrate the presence of vernacular elements in modern architecture in Lefkoşa. Two vernacular elements were studied, i) the patio (outside and inside interrelation), and ii) the façade materials (exposed stone) as vernacular elements in “Mediterranean modernist architecture”. The paper delineated the influence of the “Mediterranean modernist movement” on modern architecture in Lefkoşa in the 20th century. The findings show that there is influence by Modernist movement of architecture in other Mediterranean cities in Italy and Espain on the modern architecture in Lefkoşa. The results contribute evidence to promote our understanding regarding the modernist architecture in Lefkoşa.
A B S T R A C T
Modernist architecture movement of the buildings in any city reflects the modernity of that city. Lefkoşa as a modern city faced many conflicts in the last century. The governmental buildings illustrate how modernism in architecture was defined and reflected in the buildings of the city. The aim of this paper is to explore the modernism movement in architecture influence on educational governmental buildings in Lefkoşa for first half in 20th century. The paper focuses on the ideas and experiences of modernist architects in first half of 20th century to apply modernism elements, and relationship between architecture form and functionalism in governmental buildings. Methodology frame work elucidated to conduct the subject. Two School buildings have been selected from the first half of twentieth century in Lefkoşa as case studies for modernist architecture. ‘Lefkoşa türk lisesi’ designed by ‘Ahmet vural Bahaedden’, which was the one of famous modernist architects in Cyprus and ‘Şehit Ertuğrul Ilkokulu’. The buildings architectural elements analyzed in both schools to demonstrate relation between site, interior space, functionality and environmental response, based on using their modern material and character. The paper concluded that the educational buildings hold strong elements of the modernist architecture in Lefkoşa and demonstrate how the elements of modernism were involved functionally in the design. The findings contribute useful evidence about the existence of modernism philosophy in architecture in Lefkoşa in the first half of twentieth century. CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2018) 2(1), 22-32. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2018.3653
Defining Role of Art in promoting Chandigarh architecture JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Art and architecture are getting divorced despite the fact, there exists thin line to differentiate between art and architecture. If Art is labelled as,’ expression of human creative skill/imagination in visual form, Architecture ,is defined as art and science of creating buildings based on utility ,strength and beauty. If a great piece of art is an object of joy and pleasure, a well designed and constructed building brings joy and happiness for the owner, community and user .As a creative science Art has leveraged architecture in numerous ways giving architecture a new theme, meaning and vocabulary. Chandigarh, a role model in the field of architecture and urban planning, designed by Mon Le-Corbusier and his team of great architects, have made extensive use of art as integral part of the designing various buildings including buildings in Capitol Complex, High Court, Assembly, College of Art and Architecture etc to promote their aesthetics and beauty. If architecture is called the body, art rightly assumes the role of soul. Majority of problems facing the profession of architecture has genesis in growing mismatch between art and architecture. The existing ideology of architectural education and practice needs to be, revisited
• Emerged from revolutions in technology, engineering, and
building materials, and from a desire to break away from
historical archtectural styles and to invent sornething that was
purely functional and new.
• Modern architecture is a style ofbuijding that emphasizes
function and a streamlined formover ornarnentation.
Similar to The Influence of Le Corbusier On the emergence of the Aesthetic Values in the Modern Architecture of Cyprus (20)
The Impact of Transit-Oriented Development on Fast-Urbanizing Cities: Applied analytical study on Greater Cairo Region
* 1 MS.c. Mohamed Kafrawy Image result for research orcid , 2 Professor Dr. Sahar Attia Image result for research orcid , 3 Professor Dr. Heba Allah Khalil Image result for research orcid
1, 2 &3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt
1 E-mail: en.kafrawy@gmail.com , 2 E-mail: saharattia16@eng.cu.edu.eg , 3 E-mail: hebatallah.khalil@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 16 May 2021
Revised: 25 August 2021
Accepted: 27 August 2021
Available online: 8 September 2021
Keywords:
Transit-oriented Development;
Fast-Urbanizing cities;
Sustainable transportation;
Sustainable development;
Greater Cairo region.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Transportation has always been the backbone of development. Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been theorized, piloted and expanded increasingly in the past few decades. In this regard, this paper investigates the relationship between urban development, the transportation process, and the required implementation guidelines within fast-urbanizing cities, such as Cairo. After reviewing different related sustainable development theories, the study investigates pioneering case studies that have applied TOD and provided adequate implementation frameworks. The authors then extract and compare a set of required policies. The current Egyptian development paradigm is then discussed in relation to these enabling policies, focusing on Greater Cairo Region, Egypt. The authors debate previous development plans, progress, and newly proposed ones, focusing on the transportation process as the means for development. The study concludes with a set of required guidelines to ensure the integration of transportation with land-use planning, thus ensuring a more prosperous and inclusive urban development.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 83-95.
Developing Design Criteria for Sustainable Urban Parks
* Dr. Didem Dizdaroğlu Image result for research orcid
Department of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Art, Design, and Architecture, Bilkent University, Turkey
E-mail: dizdaroglu@bilkent.edu.tr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 28 February 2021
Revised: 15 August 2021
Accepted: 19 August 2021
Available online: 30 August 2021
Keywords:
Sustainable Cities;
Urban Parks;
Green Spaces;
COVID-19;
Sustainable Design.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
This study investigates how urban parks can contribute to helping cities become more sustainable through developing a set of criteria for the sustainable design of urban parks. Today, there is no example around the world where all the proposed sustainable design criteria are applied together in a specific urban park. In this context, this study aims to make a novel contribution by systematically reviewing the literature on the sustainable design of urban parks. In the light of research findings, this study contributes to the implementation of a comprehensive sustainable park design practice in our cities in the future. These design criteria may further serve as performance indicators to offer information and know-how to local authorities, practitioners, communities, and other actors in this field to help them assess their success levels and progress over time.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 69-81.
The Role of “Scale” on the Acceleration of Social Interaction in Urban Spaces
1 * Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari Image result for research orcid , 2 Dr. Mohammad Zare Image result for research orcid ,
3 Mitra Karimi Image result for research orcid
1 Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Architecture and urbanism, Tehran, Iran
2 & 3 University of Tehran, Faculty of Fine Arts, Tehran, Iran
1 E-mail: Kaveh.haa@gmail.com , 2 E-mail: zare.md@ut.ac.ir ,
3 E-mail: mitrakarimi@modares.ac.ir
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 8 March 2021
Revised: 25 July 2021
Accepted: 8 August 2021
Available online: 18 August 2021
Keywords:
Urban Space;
Obsolescent Neighborhoods,
Social Interaction,
Evaluation Indicators,
Functional Scale.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Rehabilitation projects are interventions that can lead to the transformation of the socio-spatial structure of obsolescent neighborhoods. The main intention of such projects is the creation and/or improvement of social interactions after physical and functional interventions. Urban Renewal Organization of Tehran (UROT) is tasked with identification of target obsolescent neighborhoods, preparation of neighborhood development plans and implementation of rehabilitation projects to improve the quality of space and stimulate social interactions. In this paper, three urban spaces in different scales (“micro” for neighborhoods, “meso” for local and “macro” for trans-local scales), designed and implemented by UROT, were selected as a case study. By designing and filling a questionnaire and after analyzing research findings, the effect of the scale of the urban project on different activities was evaluated based on the Gehl model. Overall, in the expanded model based on the scale of space, an inverse ratio between the scale of space and both optional selective and social activities has been revealed.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 59-68.
Living Space Needs of Small Housing in the Post-Pandemic Era: Malaga as a case study
* Professor Dr. Carlos Rosa-Jiménez Image result for research orcid , B. Arch. Cristina Jaime-Segura Image result for research orcid
1 and 2 Institute for Habitat, Tourism, Territory, Edificio Ada Byron, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, University of
Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
1 E-mail: cjrosa@uma.es , 2 E-mail: jscristina@uma.es
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 18 June 2021
Revised: 3 August 2021
Accepted: 10 August 2021
Available online: 14 August 2021
Keywords:
Architectural Design;
Lockdown;
Post-Covid City;
Remote Working;
Terraces;
Hygienism.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
The COVID-19 lockdown period has highlighted the ability of housing to accommodate a comprehensive programme typical of the city and its public space. Housing units of under 60 m2 and in blocks of flats are the more vulnerable, as they have a higher percentage of non-community open spaces. That problem was analysed using a methodology based on psychological, urban planning and architectural indicators applied to two coastal cities in the Mediterranean area of southern Spain. The results highlight three aspects in this type of dwelling: the need to consider the orientation of the housing to improve the quality of indoor and outdoor space; the need in public housing policies for a greater number of rooms to facilitate remote working; and finally, the importance of functional terraces overlooking green areas.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 51-58.
Mathematical Model Applied to Green Building Concept for Sustainable Cities Under Climate Change
1 Professor Dr. Md. Haider Ali Biswas Image result for research orcid , 2* M.Sc. Pinky Rani DeyImage result for research orcid
3 Asst. Prof. Md. Sirajul Islam Image result for research orcid , 4 M.Sc. Sajib Mandal Image result for research orcid
1 Mathematics Discipline, Science Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
2, 3 & 4 Department of Mathematics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj-8100, Bangladesh
E-mail 1: mhabiswas@gmail.com , E-mail 2: pinkydey.math@gmail.com
E-mail 3: sirajulku@gmail.com , E-mail 4: sajibmandal1997@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 20 May 2021
Revised: 25 July 2021
Accepted: 11 August 2021
Available online 16 August 2021
Keywords:
Green Building;
Sustainable Cities;
Climate Change;
Mathematical Model;
Numerical Simulations.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Recently the effect of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is worldwide terrified anxiety to the public and scholars. Even this global problem is one of the great issues that continuously makes worrying the governments and environmentalists, but its solution findings are not out of the image at all. In this study, we have proposed and analysed a mathematical model for the solvable management of GHGs by sowing the seeds of green building dynamic systems. Moreover, in the model, the human community is used to enhance the production power of individuals of green buildings by absorbing the GHGs. The model is analysed by stability analysis at the equilibrium points: trivial and global equilibrium, and also by convincing the stability and instability of the system of equations. The behaviour of the propound model has been developed by numerical simulations which shows the rate of the fruitfulness of GHG components.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 36-50.
Sustainable Construction for Affordable Housing Program in Kabul
1 MSc. Mohammadullah Hakim Ebrahimi Image result for research orcid , 2* Professor Dr. Philippe Devillers Image result for research orcid
3 Professor Dr. Éric Garcia-Diaz Image result for research orcid
1 Construction Faculty, Kabul Polytechnic University, Afghanistan
2 LIFAM, École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Montpellier, France
3 LMGC, IMT Mines Ales, University of Montpellier, CNRS, France
E-mail 1: M.HEbrahimi@kpu.edu.af , E-mail 2: Philippe.devillers@montpellier.archi.fr
E-mail 3: eric.garcia-diaz@mines-ales.fr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 13 April 2021
Revised: 18 July 2021
Accepted: 6 August 2021
Available online 17 August 2021
Keywords:
Earth Construction;
Local Materials;
Sun-Dried Brick;
Compressive Earth Block;
Stabilization;
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Afghanistan has suffered from four decades of war, causing a massive migration of the rural population to the cities. Kabul was originally designed for 1,5 million people, whereas there are now 5 million in the city. The importation of modern western styles housing for rapid reconstruction reveals apparent cultural conflict and a significant environmental footprint. The new drive for sustainable reconstruction should consider the use of local materials combined with modern technologies. Earthen architecture underlies the embodiment of Afghan architecture. This research aims to revisit traditional Afghan earthen construction with the tools of industrial modernity. The three soils of the Kabul region are first characterized. Sun-dried mud brick and compressive earth block, with and without stabilization have been prepared and tested in the laboratory to develop the most suitable earth construction element which is cost-effective and easily available compared to imported modern products.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 23-35.
Sustainability of Tourism Development in the city of Ain-Sukhna, Egypt
* Professor Dr. Yasser Mahgoub Image result for research orcid
Faculty of Architecture, Galala University, Egypt
E-mail: ymahgoub@gu.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 18 June 2021
Accepted 5 August 2021
Available online 14 August 2021
Keywords:
Coastal Tourism;
Sustainable Development;
Cultural Resource;
Ain-Sukhna;
Galala City.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Tourism is a major economic source for Egypt, due to its significant natural and cultural attractions. Yet, rapid development and construction of touristic facilities have a negative impact on the fragile natural and cultural heritage. This paper studies the recent touristic developments of the coastal stretch of Ain-Sukhna on the Red Sea coastal region of Galala Mountain, and their impact on the surrounding natural and cultural attractions. Coral reefs and rich marine life have made this stretch among the prime fishing and scuba diving destinations in the world. The area is also famous for its year-round sunny beaches and the spectacular coastal scenic drive where Galala Mountain reaches the Red Sea. Recently, development has started on the mountains following the construction of Galala Mountain Road. Galala City started with Galala University and several residential, touristic, and commercial facilities. This paper studies the pattern of development in the area during the past 40 years and assesses its impact on natural and cultural resources.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 13-22.
Proclaiming Colonial Urban Heritage: Towards an Inclusive Heritage-interpretation for Colombo’s Past
* Professor Dr. Harsha Munasinghe Image result for research orcid
School of Architectural Studies, George Brown College, Toronto, Canada
E-mail: hmunasinghe@georgebrown.ca
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 13 April 2021
Accepted 18 July 2021
Available online 26 July 2021
Keywords:
Urban Heritage;
Colonialism;
Contested-Past;
Historic-City;
Inclusive heritage Interpretation;
Colombo.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Colombo, Sri Lanka’s commercial capital is a forceful creation of European colonialists who occupied the island for over four centuries. Its urban structure displays the social fragmentation sought by the rulers. Colombo elaborates an extraordinary process of city-making, stratified with its Dutch-origin, British-reshaping, and post-colonial adaptation. Proclaiming such a contested past as an inheritance requires an inclusive heritage interpretation. The recent renovation of monumental buildings for potential market values and demolishing minor architecture do not display such a heritage interpretation. This, placing undue attention on a selected social group, is found to be further emptying the compartmentalized city. The exclusion of some sub-societies also cost possible stewardship to urban heritage. Having observed the non-sustainability of current heritage-interpretation practised in Colombo, we searched for alternative means to unify societies in time-space thus sustaining the diversity of urban spaces. Our empirical studies have established the need to integrate the inherent cultural values of the colonial-built urban fabric in heritage interpretation. The results of vibrant heritage-interpretation results have been studied through a literature survey with aims to contribute towards the development of an inclusive heritage interpretation practice to protect Colombo’s colonial past sustainably.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 1-12.
Heritage Preservation as Strategy for Recomposing Conflict Territories
Prof. Dr. José Manuel Pagés Madrigal Image result for research orcid
Architecture & Urban Design, German University in Cairo, Egypt
E-mail: jose.madrigal@guc.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 18 May 2021
Accepted 20 October 2021
Available online 29 October 2021
Keywords:
Conflict territories;
Heritage Preservation;
Cultural heritage;
Reconstruction;
Cyprus;
Kosovo.
ABSTRACT
Heritage admits diverse readings depending on different territorial spaces, contexts, and knowledge fields. The relation between Heritage and the social contexts is one of these knowledge areas. But Heritage accepts a dual perception as a cultural reflection. It may be considered either as the origins of the conflicts or the engine for recomposing disrupted territories. The paper proposes a reflection on the topics related to conflict territories and the roles currently played by Cultural Heritage. The recomposition of conflict territories is based on a continuous intercultural approach with important contributions from human rights, genders equality, intercultural dialogue perspectives and the fact of taking heritage as a territorial stabilization factor. The paper presents specific practical cases in the Eastern Mediterranean region where actions on Heritage religious elements collide with the national sovereign of the respective current countries. A comparative study among these different actions proves that the initial clashes can be progressively transformed into strategies able to become the future guideline for the resolution of heritage regional conflicts. These conflicts reflect two discourses: political (with strong links between national identity and religion) and scientific (with a clash between static concept and dynamic vision) where objects interact with the visitors.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 252-264.
Investigating Built Environment Indicators to Develop a Local Walkability Index
* 1 B.Sc. Menna Tarek Image result for research orcid , 2 Prof. Dr. Ghada Farouk Hassan Image result for research orcid
3 Prof. Dr. Abeer Elshater Image result for research orcid , 4 Dr. Mohamed Elfayoumi Image result for research orcid
1, 2, 3 and 4 Ain Shams University, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo, Egypt.
E-mail 1: menna.tarek@eng.asu.edu.eg , E-mail 2: Ghadafhassan@eng.asu.edu.eg
E-mail 3: abeer.elshater@eng.asu.edu.eg , E-mail 4: m_fayoumi@eng.asu.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 8 June 2021
Accepted 20 August 2021
Available online 29 August 2021
Keywords:
Local Walkability Index;
Pedestrian Walking Behaviour;
Urban Design;
Mixed-use Street,
Cairo.
ABSTRACT
Many studies have been conducted over the last 20 years to determine and measure factors that affect the walkability of city streets. Walkability is an essential factor in deciding whether a city is green or sustainable. This paper creates a comprehensive walkability index by analysing built environmental indicators that affect walkability. This research was conducted on mixed land use streets in Cairo, Egypt, combining the results from an online survey and a walkability assessment model developed by multi-criteria decision analysis techniques. The results were based on a three-pillar approach starting with the theoretical background to frame the walkability indicator, numerical assessment over the Egyptian cases using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique and a qualitative user perception survey. Our results confirm that determining to what extent Cairo’s streets are walkable is crucial to enhancing pedestrians’ perceptions of the walking environment. Furthermore, the results illustrated the essential factors within the built environment indicators that influence pedestrian walking behaviour.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 235-251.
Liveability Dimensions in New Town Developments: An Overview of Senri New Town and Purbachal New Town
* 1 M. Eng. Tahmina Rahman Image result for research orcid , 2 Dr. Md. Nawrose Fatemi Image result for research orcid
1 Division of Global Architecture, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
2 Department of Architecture, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
E-mail 1: ar.tahminarahman@gmail.com , E-mail 2: nawrose@uap-bd.edu
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 April 2021
Accepted 10 August 2021
Available online 15 August 2021
Keywords:
Dimensions of Liveability;
New Town Development;
Satellite Townships;
Osaka;
Dhaka.
ABSTRACT
Since the 1960s, new town developments within large metropolises have been widely adopted to decongest the city centres, especially in Asian cities. This paper provides a brief account of the liveability dimensions of two new townships developed in large metropolitan areas: Senri New Town in Osaka and Purbachal New Town in Dhaka. The study primarily draws on master plans of the two developments to identify how the components of the plans reflect the physical, social, functional and safety dimensions of a proposed liveability framework. The methodology combines a review of masters plans with scholarly and grey literature on the two new town developments. The findings show while the social and functional dimensions are integrated with Senri New Town; Purbachal New Town, though more recent, appears to have missed opportunities for diversifying density, social mix and mass transit. The paper concludes that the comparative case, Senri-New Town provides insights on how public-private people participation can leverage citizen-centred design for more liveable residential living environments in developing cities.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 221-233.
Monitoring and Landscape Quantification of Uncontrolled Urbanisation in Oasis Regions: The Case of Adrar City in Algeria
* 1 Dr. Assoule Dechaicha Image result for research orcid , 2 Assist. Prof. Adel Daikh Image result for research orcid , 3 Prof. Dr. Djamel Alkama Image result for research orcid
1, 2 and 3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, 8 May 1945 University, Guelma, Algeria
E-mail 2: dechaicha.assoul@univ-guelma.dz , E-mail 1: alkama.djamel@univ-guelma.dz
E-mail 3: daikh.adel@univ-guelma.dz
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 March 2021
Accepted 25 July 2021
Available online 12 August 2021
Keywords:
Uncontrolled Urbanisation,
Satellite Images,
Landscape Metrics,
Palm groves,
Oasis Ecosystem.
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, uncontrolled urbanisation is one of the major problems facing Algerian oasis regions. The monitoring and evaluation of its landscape transformations remain a key step for any oasis sustainability project. This study highlights the evolution of spatial growth in the city of Adrar in southern Algeria during the period 1986-2016 by establishing a Spatio-temporal mapping and landscape quantification. The methodological approach is based on a multi-temporal analysis of Landsat satellite images for 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016, and the application of landscape metrics. The results show two opposite spatial trends: significant growth of built-up areas against an excessive loss of palm groves. The landscape metrics allowed the identification of a progressive fragmentation process characterising the palm groves. Thus, the findings of this study show the utility of satellite imagery and landscape metrics approach for monitoring urbanisation patterns and assessing their impacts on oasis ecosystems.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 209-219.
Community Participation in Decision Making Processes in Urban Planning: The Case of Kaunas
M.A. Laura Jankauskaitė-Jurevičienė Image result for research orcid, Dr. Aušra Mlinkauskienė Image result for research orcid
a and b Kaunas University of Technology, Civil engineering and architecture faculty, Kaunas, Lithuania
E mail 1: laura.jankauskaite-jureviciene@ktu.lt, Email 2: ausra.mlinkauskiene@ktu.lt
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 July 2020
Accepted 29 August 2020
Available online 18 September 2020
Keywords:
Community;
Urban planning;
Spatial planning;
Decision-making processes.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Participation in decision-making processes foreshadows enabling citizens, communities, non-governmental organizations and other interested parties to influence the formulation of policies and laws affecting them. The purpose of this study is not only to review Lithuanian legal documents but also to analyse recent processes in Kaunas city planning. Kaunas city is undergoing various urban processes, which do not always meet the needs of the community. This study presents an analysis of the forms of community involvement in the urban planning processes and survey data on the effectiveness of community involvement. The methodology requires using a sociological survey with representatives of the city community and a comparative analysis between legal obligations and actual urbanization process.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 197-208.
The Impacts of Urban Morphology on Housing Indoor Thermal Condition in Hoi An City, Vietnam
1 * M.A. Thien Huong Luu Image result for research orcid, 2 Dr. Juan-Carlos Rojas-Arias Image result for research orcid, 3 Dr. Dominique Laffly Image result for research orcid
1and 2 Laboratory of Research in Architecture (LRA), National School of Architecture of Toulouse, France
3 University of Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, France
E-mail 1: thien-huong.luu@toulouse.archi.fr , E-mail 2: juan-carlos.rojas-arias@toulouse.archi.fr ,
E-mail 3: dominique.laffly@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 July 2020
Accepted 25 August 2020
Available online 14 September 2020
Keywords:
Urban Morphology;
Indoor Thermal Condition; Ancient Town;
Vernacular House;
Modern Terraced House.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Assessing the impact of urban morphology on the indoor thermal condition of housing in a tourism city in central Vietnam — Hoi An City is the main objective of this study. The research process is carried out by a variety of methods including in situ surveys, measuring with temperature sensors, data analysis and map analysis. Four houses, located in two areas with different urban forms, were selected for measurement within one month to investigate the differences in housing indoor temperature. The impact of urban morphology on housing was thereafter determined. Temperature sensors were permanently installed in 4 houses; based on these empirical measurements and data collected, the paper addresses solutions to improve urban morphology and indoor thermal condition.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 183-196.
E-participatory Approaches in Urban Design
* 1 Araf Öykü Türken Image result for research orcid, 2 Assoc. Prof. Dr Engin Eyüp Eyuboğlu Image result for research orcid
1 Department of City and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
2 Department of City and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Email 1: araf.turken@gmail.com, Email 2: eyuboglu@itu.edu.tr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 June 2020
Accepted 20 Augustus 2020
Available online 8 September 2020
Keywords:
E-participation;
Public Participation;
Urban Design.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
The phenomenon of planning involving citizen’s participation in planning literature has been from the second half of the 20th century. Indeed, different methods and techniques have been used in the process. However, participatory practices are time-consuming and negotiations are tiresome. Accordingly, the integration of developing digital technologies into participatory processes has been seen as a potential to reach large audiences and provide time-space independence. Within the scope of this research, a detailed literature review was done regarding e-participation, and ten (10) examples representing the upper levels at the ladder of participation were examined within the context of the project, participation, and socio-technical criteria. SWOT analyzes were structured by grouping similar applications, and current trends for the use of e-participation in urban design have been revealed. The analysis showed that citizens e participation- participation tend to allow citizen design or location-based interaction, playful interfaces and game elements which can be sources for encouragement.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 169-182.
Roles of Drop-in Centers in Street Children Interventions: Design Guidelines and Humanitarian Emergency Architecture Adaptations
* M.Sc. Ruba Azzam Image result for research orcid, Dr. Karim Kesseiba Image result for research orcid, Dr. Ahmed Abdelghaffar Image result for research orcid
Dr. Mennat-Allah El Husseiny Image result for research orcid
a, b, c and d Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering and Building Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Email 1: ruba-azzam90@hotmail.com , Email 2: karimkesseiba@gmail.com , Email 3: amaghaffar@gmail.com
Email 4: mennatallahelhusseiny@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 July 2020
Accepted 3 September 2020
Available online 8 September 2020
Keywords:
Street Children;
Drop-in centers;
Child-Rehabilitation centers;
Architecture for Humanitarian Emergencies;
Child Friendly Spaces (CFS).
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
For decades, numerous countries have been witnessing the Street Children phenomenon where millions of children worldwide are subjected to risks. Despite the crucial role of intermediate non-residential interventions - using drop-in centers- in protecting and rehabilitating street children, there is a paucity of research addressing the quality of design of these centers and how architecture might influence their operational process. Those observations invite investigating drop-in centers used in practice from a design perspective and question adapting architectural applications for humanitarian emergencies, focusing on “Child-Friendly Spaces”. The study aims to provide solutions for better quality design, facilitating operational challenges. The methodology undertakes the investigation through primary and secondary axes. This involves conducting literature and international precedents review and secondarily, an Egyptian contextual first-hand documentation and qualitative analysis of selected centers.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 151-168.
Towards the Egyptian Charter for Conservation of Cultural Heritages
1 Associate Professor Dr. Corinna Rossi , 2 * Sara Rabie
1 Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture, Politecnico di Milano Cairo, Milan, Italy
2 Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
1 E-mail: corinna.rossi@polimi.it , 2 E-mail: sarah.rabie@guc.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 5 April 2021
Accepted 15 June 2021
Available online 25 June 2021
Keywords:
Cultural Heritages;
Conservation;
History;
Value;
Authenticity;
Europe;
Egypt.
ABSTRACT
The notion of “Cultural heritage” is quite modern compared to other humanistic fields developed in the last century. Conservation as a science has emerged and took shape during international conventions and treaties in many places in Europe and developed various frameworks to recognize the heritage and its value but based on “Eurocentric bias” criteria. The fact of sharing universal values and common practices during the age of globalization had a significant impact on conservation actions in contexts utterly different from western societies and don’t share the same historical or cultural dimensions. Therefore, this study traces the history of the evolution of conservation in the west from two perspectives; the historical one and the developing methodologies, and the philosophies behind the main theories in conservation. Cultural heritage is a reflection of the identity of the society and its past; thus, this study outlines the development of conservation practices in Egypt within the international approaches in a chronological order to investigate the social response and the impact of the political and cultural influence of the cultural consciousness of the society and the conservation actions in the Egyptian context. Furthermore, to investigate the contribution of international charters in developing national policies in Egypt.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 101-111.
Enhancing Security in Affordable Housing: The Case of Prince Fawaz Project
Professor Dr. Maged Attia Image result for research orcid
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
Email: mattia@kau.edu.sa
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 March 2021
Accepted 15 May 2021
Available online 30 May 2021
Keywords:
Environmental crime;
Enhancing security;
Crime rates;
Prince Fawaz project;
Saudi Arabia.
ABSTRACT
The present study argues that the urban form of affordable housing projects affects safety and security. The study examines the level of safety and security in the Prince Fawaz project proposing recommendations that enhance it. Theories and approaches concerned with the environmental crime are initially reviewed. Then, urban and architectural features as well as crime rates and patterns are documented. Also, trace and behaviour observations are carried out. The observations monitored urban features and behaviours associated with crime or fear of crime. Residents’ perception for security and fear of crime is extracted through a questionnaire. A Space Syntax is processed and linked with the questionnaire and observation outputs. Observations demonstrate a semblance of fear of crime which is supported by records of car and home theft. Although the questionnaire reflects a suitable level of security, it points to peripheral spaces and areas around mosques and shops as the less secure. However, enhancing security in the Prince Fawaz project requires urban interventions including controlling access to peripheral spaces, reviving areas detected to be unsafe, repositioning elements causing visual obstacles and enhancing appearance by vegetation and sustainable maintenance. Besides, reformulating the movement network so that an appropriate integration between residents and strangers is achieved. On the conceptual level, the study proves that none of the theories of environmental crime can act as a comprehensive approach; but each can partly work.
This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license
C:\Users\Hourakhsh\Desktop\CC_By_2020_licnece1.jpg
This article is published with open access at www.ijcua.com
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 85-100.
Urban Land-use and Traffic Congestion: Mapping the Interaction
1 * Ph.D. Candidate James Kanyepe Image result for research orcid, 2 Prof. Dr. Marian Tukuta Image result for research orcid, 3 Prof. Dr. Innocent Chirisa Image result for research orcid
1 and 2 Department of Supply Chain Management, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe
3 Department of Demography Settlement & Development, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
E-mail 1: jameskanyepe@gmail.com, E-mail 2: paidamoyo2016@gmail.com
E-mail 3: innocent.chirisa@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 25 October 2020
Accepted 15 December 2020
Available online 19 December 2020
Keywords:
Land-Use;
Peak Hour;
Traffic Congestion;
Transport;
Travel Patterns;
Travel Behavior.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
The interaction between transport, land-uses and travel patterns produce diverse transportation problems in urban cities with traffic congestion as the most visible manifestation. Traffic congestion is a frequent phenomenon in most cities around the globe. This paper reviews the interaction between land-use traffic congestion through published literature. The objective of this study is to encourage and provide researchers with future research directions in land-use and traffic congestion. For this purpose, a systematic review was performed analysing 45 articles from the year 2010 to 2020 using a descriptive approach. Subsequently, the results of the study show that although the interaction between land-use and traffic congestion has gained currency in developed countries far less is known on this subject in developing parts of the world, though new evidence is steadily accumulating. Consequently, limitations of this work are presented, opportunities are identified for future lines of research. Finally, the conclusion confirms the need for further research addressing the methodological concerns.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 77-84.
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Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
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Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
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IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
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Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
2. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 1-12 / 2017
Farhan Abdullah Ali 2
architecture. In the early years of twenty
century, many architects Fed up with the
decorative Art Nouveau architecture and the
limited horizon of the regional architecture that
prevailed in that period.
As they were carrying avant-garde ideas, those
architectural approaches were no longer able
to accommodate future of vision toward global
modernity. Le Corbusier was the forefront of
those architects wherein 1923; he declared his
five principles (the pilotis, the free plan, the free
façade, the horizontal ribbon windows and the
roof garden) which were the keystones of the
Avant-garde language.
Rationality and functionality were the most
obvious characters of modern architecture.
These features have many aesthetic values,
which distinguish the Avant – grade
architectural discourse such as abstraction,
purism, and Simplicity.
Le Corbusier was not just the forefront and
pioneer modernist architect; he is also the most
influential figure on successive generations of
architects. Whereas Modern architecture did
not limit to certain geographic boundaries, but
it has spread all over the world and Cyprus was
not an exception. Due to most of the Cypriot
pioneer architects were studied in Europe;
Cyprus was the incubator that has many
architectural distinctive pieces of evidence of
modern architecture. The works and principles
of Le Corbusier have affected those architects
on many levels, functionally, formally,
aesthetically and technically.
This influence is the core of this research paper
to detecting how it contributed in highlighting
the aesthetic values of modern dwelling
architecture in Cyprus. And more deeply, the
study focuses on two cases study as
distinguishable examples of privet residences.
1.1. The modernity, modernism and modern
architecture
The enlightenment age highlighted the
social attitude to adopt new thoughts and
lifestyle, and unfolded a desire for change and
looking for a modern way of living. Whereas
"Modernity is what gives the present the specific
quality that makes it different from the past and
points the way toward the future. Modernity is
also described as being a break with tradition,
and as typifying everything that rejects the
inheritance of the past."(Heynen, 1999, p.9)
famously Walter Benjamin defined modernity as
‘the world dominated by its phantasmagorias’.
(Frisby, 2004, p.13) This avant-garde and conflict
viewpoint with tradition had developed and
spread increasingly at the machine age which
inspires the artists and architects as such as the
economists and politicians. The modernity
movement progressed and theorized to be a
philosophical doctrine; (modernism) which
"refers to an international tendency that came
to expression in western literature, theatre,
music, visual arts and architecture in the latter
half of the nineteenth century, and continued
to dominate twentieth century art" (Frisby, 2004,
p.23)
With The crystal palace, which constructed in
1851(figure 1) that recognized as the ancestor
of Modern architecture evidence, a new
generation of construction manners and
concepts, meanings and technology was
begun.
Richard Lucae, published an article at 1869,
titled “On the Meaning and Power of Space in
Architecture.” He described the crystal palace
as "a “piece of sculpted atmosphere” in which
light fills the whole space with a “beautiful
naturalness,” a “magically poetic form of
light.”." (Mallgrave, 2005, p.197)
Figure 1. The crystal palace 1851.
3. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 1-12 / 2017
Farhan Abdullah Ali 3
The machine age features after the industrial
revaluation have supported new aesthetic
values portray the functional attitude of the
modern architecture. "At a deeper level still,
industrialization transformed the very patterns of
life and led to the proliferation of new building
problems - railway stations, suburban houses,
skyscrapers for which there was no precedent."
(Curtis, 1982, p.14)
In 1896, Otto Wagner published in Vienna what
is probably the first modernist architectural
manifesto – his Modern Architecture. Despite its
theoretical weaknesses, his contemporaries
read it as a rejection of the historicism of the
recent past and a plea to create an
architecture appropriate to modern life. (Frisby,
2004, p.3)In the manifesto, he also suggested
qualities of simplicity, realistic expression of the
means of construction and a respect for
modern techniques and materials.
In the early years of twenty – century, many
architects reacted and Fed up with the
decorative Art Nouveau architecture. The
reaction against Art Nouveau, which acquired
increasing momentum in the first decade, was
fed in part by the Arts and Crafts ideals of
simplicity and integrity: by an abstract
conception of Classicism as something less to
do with the use of the Orders, than with a
feeling for the 'essential' Classical values of
symmetry and clarity of proportion: and by a
sense that the architect must strive to give
expression to the values of the modern world
through frank and straightforward solutions to
architectural problems in which disciplines of
function and structure must play an increasing,
and attached ornament a decreasing role.
(Curtis, 1982, p.33)
Modern architecture became more strong and
acceptable in the twenty-century when had
supported by numerous art schools, movement
and organizations such as the futurism (1909-
1944), the De Stijl (1917-1931), the Bauhaus
(1919-1933), the constructivism (1920-1932) and
CIAM (1928-1959). The members of those avant-
garde took upon themselves to adopt and
disseminate the principles of modern
architecture and constructed new architectural
aesthetics when it Celebrated and glorified the
new technology and materials. The Bauhaus
building in Dessau (1926) itself considered an
impressive evidence about how the modern
product should be (figure 2). "Within its irregular
plan, glass curtain walls and steel and
reinforced concrete frame beat an
interdisciplinary heart so that all the
departments – furniture, theater, architecture,
textiles, and so on – collaborated." (Sadler, 2004,
p.36)
Figure 2. Bauhaus in Dessau 1921.
After World War II many architects, members of
Bauhaus, and CIAM emigrated from Europe to
the United States and other countries that
helped to spread the principles of modern
architecture around the world. In the fifteenth
from the last century, the modern architecture
had viciously attacked from the angry young
architects that felt the pioneers had let them
down and they were becoming graying
establishment figures. "Only Le Corbusier
remained truly inspirational to young
architectural “rebels.” He had no qualms about
revising his principles until they were
unrecognizable. He now offered what would
become known as a “New Brutalism” of raw,
shuttered concrete, exposed brickwork, and
primitive, handcrafted-looking building
techniques." (Sadler, 2004, p.40) Those
4. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 1-12 / 2017
Farhan Abdullah Ali 4
architects tried to regain their confidence in the
architecture of modernity and re-arranging the
papers to draw lessons. "Under the youthful
leadership of figures such as Alison and Peter
Smithson from England and Aldo van Eyck from
Holland, their discussion group Team 10 and
practices like France’s ATBAT, the supposed
founding principles of Modernism were revisited
in a “Brutalist” manner and new attention was
paid to local rather than universal constraints.
Put another way, it was possible to be in some
way “avant-garde” again." (Sadler, 2004, p.40)
Especially that many opponents have found a
chance to ruins on the concepts and principles
of modernism after criticism suffered by the
modern city on the urban and social level.
1.1.1 . Characteristics of modern architecture
The first generation of modernists was
contributed in constructing a theoretical
framework of their attitude to enrich the
architectural knowledge and encourage the
young architects to adopt the Avant-garde
movement. In their contribution, they portrayed
the features and characters of modern
architecture. The functionality of Luis Sullivan
(form follows function), the simplicity and
economic of Ludwig Mies Van Der Roch (less is
more) and the openness, formality and
abstraction of Le Corbusier (mass and surface
are the elements by which architecture
manifests itself. Mass and surface are
determined by the plan. Plan is the generator.
So much the worse for those who lack
imagination) (Le Corbusier, 1927) all were
constructed a common understanding of the
purpose of the modern architecture.
The modern architect believes in simplicity in
form, clarity in plan and functionality in design.
The modern architectural product is
characteristically free of decoration and
unnecessary elements. The goals of the project
are clarified at the start, and only the features
that are required are included in the design. The
focus will be on the space itself, rather than on
any decor or details not relevant to the overall
design. Also the Emphasis on the honesty of
materials, there is nothing to hide, the true
nature of the Materials especially the concrete,
are shown in the ordinary form. Inner workings of
the building tend to be visible: beams and other
structural elements are exposed to the
spectator. Moreover, the linear elements,
rectangular forms and bold horizontal and
vertical features especially the windows,
staircases, rooflines, and other structural
elements all contribution the architect in
creating a linear-inspired open plan. Modern
architecture is also characterized by an
emphasis on Layout and location, which are the
keys to modernist design. Building such as
Chapel de Ronchamp (1955) by Le Corbusier
and the falling water house by Frank Lloyd
Wright are marvelous evidence on the
correlation between the building and site.
1.1.2 Le Corbusier and his principles
It is impossible to research the architecture of
the twentieth century and of our own time
without first coming to terms with Le Corbusier
(1887–1965). His buildings can be found from
Paris to Algeria to the Punjab and his influence
has extended over numerous generations
worldwide. Famous building such as the Villa
Savoye at Poissy 1931, the Chapel of Notre-
Dame-du-Haut at Ronchamp 1955, Unité
d'habitation, Marseille, France, 1945 and the
Parliament Building in Chandigarh 1955 stand
assessment with the works of any age. As well as
an architect, Le Corbusier was also a painter,
sculptor, urbanist, and author. Charles-Edouard
Jeanneret who best known as Le Corbusier is
one of the most influential architects on
generations of architects after. Le Corbusier
born at sixth of October 1887 in, La Chaux-de-
Fonds, Switzerland. Son of Georges Edouard
Jeanneret, watch engraver and enameller, and
of Marie Charlotte Amélie Jeanneret-Perret,
music teacher. He Studied watch engraving at
the Art School, under Charles L’Eplattenier the
director of the Advanced Decorative Arts
Course (based at the Art School) whereas Le
Corbusier joined to it at 1904, Charles
L’Eplattenier was the person who interests Le
5. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 1-12 / 2017
Farhan Abdullah Ali 5
Corbusier in architecture. 1 In his early year, Le
Corbusier designed a few villas regarding the
regional style that was common in La Chaux-
de-Fonds also he worked as watchcase
designer. The trips to Germany, France, and
meditation countries that he made when he
was young changed his vision about
architecture and design. He worked one year
for Auguste and Gustave Perret as
draughtsman, half time at 1908 And another
year in 1910 for Peter Behrens’s architectural
practice in Berlin. Then from 1912, he started his
independent career. In 1914, Le Corbusier
designed a skeletal structure for his Domino
houses, as a technical solution to the lack of
residences according to the destruction of
world war I. with the aim of liberating space
from the limitation of load bears. This type of
thought and tendency in design was a
beginning for a new vision toward construction
methods (figure 3).
Figure 3. Domino house by Le Corbusier 1914.
At the same time, he started to document his
concepts and principles about modern
architecture in written way. In 1926, he
published, “Les 5 points d’une architecture
nouvelle” (Five points of a new architecture),
which affirmed his architectural type-features:
pilotis (columns), free plan, free facade,
1
For more information about le Corbusier biography, visit:
http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=11&sysLangu
age=fr-fr&sysParentId=11&sysParentName=home&clearQuery=1
horizontal sliding windows, and roof garden.
(Mallgrave, 2005, p.259) after that manifesto, his
reputation as Avant-grader architect started to
shine
One year late, he Published Vers Une
Architecture (based on articles published in
L’Esprit Nouveau), published in English in 1927 as
Towards a New Architecture. In 1928, he was a
Founder member of CIAM (Congrés
Internationaux d’architecture moderne) at the
castle of La Sarraz, in Switzerland. CIAM and
Bauhaus had a crucial role in constructing the
principles of modern architecture (Amen, 2017).
In 1930, he gained the French nationality. Le
Corbusier was almost thought about the social
sense of architecture and human scale, in 1945,
he awarded Honorary Doctorate in philosophy
and mathematics of the University of Zurich
regarding years of researching on the modular,
which is a represented standard for construction
depending on human scale. In the rest of his
life, Le Corbusier designed about 500 projects,
involved, architecture and urban planning. A
few of them were built and about 75 buildings
reflected his vision and philosophy. Through his
fruitful life, he received many Honorary
Doctorates and titles and lectured at famous
architectural schools. On 27 August 1965, Le
Corbusier dies by a heart attack while
swimming at Cap-Martin.
In Towards New Architecture Le Corbusier
posed the question ‘from what is emotion
born?’: ‘From a certain harmony with the things
that make up the site. From a plastic system,
that spreads its effects over every part of the
composition. From a unity of idea that reaches
from the unity of the materials used to the unity
of the general contour’. (Le Corbusier, 1927)
This ‘unity of idea’ is central to Le Corbusier’s
work – a desperate attempt to create order in
what he perceived to be a fragmented and
chaotic world. (Samuel, 2007, p.1) Corbusian
principles might distingue in his whole projects in
different level especially in Villa Savoye (1928-
1931) (figure 4), where the pilotis are fully
brought into play and are teamed with the
staircases and ramps; it is a masterful creation, if
6. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 1-12 / 2017
Farhan Abdullah Ali 6
only for its minimalist, purist language. The free
plan that allows connecting spaces together
with no visual obstacles then arising upstairs by
attracting ramp from inner semi-court to the
roof garden, seeing the outdoor landscape
through the horizontal windows, a lived
experience journey presented to the viewer.
Figure 4. Villa savoye 1928-1931.
1.2. Aesthetics of Modern Architecture
Aesthetics as "the study of the nature of beauty,
especially in arts such as painting and
architecture." 2 has a significant attention of
many theorists and philosophers, from Socrates
through Aristotle and Plato, then Kant,
Nietzsche, Hegel and Heidegger to recent days.
Albeit "Aesthetics is a late-emerging sub-
discipline within philosophy and during the last
three centuries has been for the most part
considered inferior to logic and epistemology,
as well as to ontology and ethics." (Sepp and
Embree, 2010, p.15)
Historically, the first formal classification of
aesthetics as a branch of philosophy appeared
in 1735 when Alexander Baumgarten published
his Meditationes philosophicae de nonullis ad
poema pertinentibus - (Philosophical
meditations on some requirements of the
2
Retrieved from:
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/aesthetic_2#aest
hetic_2__2
poem) and in which he identified a theory of
sensibility labeled aesthetics as a desideratum.
Due to Baumgarten, we find for the first time in
the history of philosophy the notion of aesthetics
as an in- dependent philosophical discipline
(Nia and Atun, 2016). Regarding modern
architecture, Aesthetics of the machine was the
essential tendency of the new epoch;
rationality and simplicity are the clearest
features of the aesthetic values. Sadler sees "The
embrace of the expressive aesthetics of
modern life, whether of machinery or popular
culture, that motivated Modern architects quite
as much as rationality." (Sadler, 2004, p.37))The
new aesthetics of modernity also involves the
formal principles such as (planar surfaces and
clean lines). (Mallgrave, 2005, p.232) the British
historian Reyner Banham reduced this
juxtaposition to twin categories, the
“Academic” and the “Mechanistic.” In the first
of these he placed the “Three Reminders to
Architects” (mass, surface, plan) as well as the
chapter on “Regulating Lines,” both of which
derive from Le Corbusier’s purist aesthetics and
revolve around his definition of architecture as
“the masterly, correct and magnificent play of
masses brought together in light. (Mallgrave,
2005, p.256)
2. Le Corbusier influence on the
modern architecture in Cyprus
Cyprus is the third largest island in the
Mediterranean, it locates at the southeastern
edge of the Mediterranean, at the crossroads
of Europe, Asia, and Africa, Cyprus has had
many different cultures constructed on the
island throughout history where many people
passed through. In Cyprus, the past lives side-
by-side with the present in a unique fabric. The
classical architecture of Cyprus has the same
variety, which originated to the cascade
civilizations had passed there. Although Cyprus
did not affect by industrial revolution so much,
regarding its location, which reflected
negatively on the development of the
infrastructure in every Cypriot city. Nevertheless,
modern architecture began to be made known
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Farhan Abdullah Ali 7
to Cyprus in the 1930s, when professional
European- educated architects started to
establish theirs applies on the island. In the
period from the end of World War II until 1960,
modern architecture has been a distinctive
presence in Cyprus. Those architects were
influenced by avant-garde movement in the
first half of twenty-century and the works of the
pioneers of modern architecture Especially Le
Corbusier.
Although Unfortunately, Le Corbusier did not
realize any project in Cyprus, However, more or
less obvious traces of Le Corbusier can be
encountered in Cyprus from the 1930s onwards.
(Kiessel, M., 2014) 3
This paper will discuss the influence of Le
Corbusier from different viewpoints related all
with the aesthetic values of Le Corbusier's
architectural discourse. First, the formal
aesthetics, second the free plan organization,
third, the structural aesthetics, fourth, the
technical solutions and finally, the details scale.
Focusing on two residential cases study
designed by Neoptolemos Michaelides.
2.1. Neoptolemos Michaelides dwelling
projects:
Neoptolemos Michaelides (1920-1993) is an
important representative of the modern
movement in Cyprus, with a strong personal
style. He studied in Milan at the beginning of the
40’s, under great architects like Gio Ponti and
Bruno Zevi. He returned to Cyprus after the end
of World War II that standing excuse to interrupt
briefly his studies and turns in Cyprus until 1947.
He then returned to Milan to complete his
studies, turning in Cyprus in 1952 with the title of
Doctor of architecture. In 1979, he founded the
Cyprus Architectural Heritage Organization, of
which it becomes the President, managing to
pass on to the architects of the 80s the love of
3
Direct and indirect influences of Le Corbusier on the architecture of
Cyprus; a paper presented by Marko Kiessel through A Swiss in the
Mediterranean, International Le Corbusier Seminar, organized by
Cyprus International University – Nicosia. 2014
folk architecture, thus saving several important
buildings in both urban and rural areas. His own
private house in Nicosia is considered a
masterpiece, which exemplifies the peak of his
creative career.
Through his work, the architect achieved the
harmonious coexistence of an environmentally
sensitive and climatically correct design, while
at the same time his architectural creations are
of a high aesthetic level. (Michael, 2006)
2.2 The Case Study
The research paper focuses on two cases study
as distinguishable examples of privet residences
the first one is the Neoptolemos and Maria
residence, the second is Theotodos Kanthos
residence. The two examples were designed by
the modernist Cypriot architect Neoptolemos
Michaelides at the middle of last century, both
of them are clear examples of the applying the
principles and aesthetic values of modern
architecture.
2.2.1 Aesthetic values of Neoptolemos and
Maria residence
The family house, which Michaelides built for
himself and his wife Maria during the mid-
1960s, located in south part of Nicosia. It
was designed to be used, except for
housing, and as a working space for himself
and his artist wife. It also features a gallery
space, where it would be exposed
paintings and other collections. The
importance attributed to the architect is
evident in matters relating to natural light,
as well as to the proper location and
orientation of the building. (Figure 5)
Figure 5. Neoptolemos and Maria residence- top view.
8. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 1-12 / 2017
Farhan Abdullah Ali 8
The house stills in its original state and closed to
the public since the couple passed away, the
building is now under state control and the
Maria and Neoptolemos Michaelides
Foundation. The brutalist appearance of the
house remains a strong evidence of its time.
”The modernist treasure composed of concrete
overhanging slabs, a vaulted roof, expanding
terraces, sculptural staircases and glass surfaces
are untouched and tell the story of this highly
creative couple. The interior of the house
highlights pure and simple volumes, graphical
concrete surfaces and wooden features such
as railings reminding the old prehistoric
elements." 4
"It is worth noting the variety at play across the
villa's three stories. The parking spaces and
quests living areas at ground level contrast a far
more reserved second floor, the piano nobile,
comprising living quarters for the owners. The
third floor, an isolated den for study, is crowned
by a beautifully articulated at the top slab
parabolic vault." 5
In this house seemingly, N., Michaelides had
influenced by Le Corbusier on efferent levels; on
the principles level, we could notice that he
applied three of them: the pilotis, the open
plan, and the free façade. On the formal level
also we could notice another Corbusian feature
is used; the vault slab which it appears Cleary in
many building designed by Le Corbusier such as
Maison Jaoule and Villa Sarabhai before(figures
6, 7, 8,9).
4
Retrieved from http://www.coolhunting.com/design/helene-binet-
neoptolemos-michaelides
5
Retrieved from http://www.cy-arch.com/neoptolemos-michaelides-
house-in-nicosia-hadjivassiliou/
Figure 6. Neoptolemos and Maria residence.
Figure 7. Ground floor plan / Neoptolemos and Maria
residence6
Figure 8. First-floor plan.
Figure 9. second-floor plan.
6
Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/petrosphokaides/
9. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 1-12 / 2017
Farhan Abdullah Ali 9
Figure 10. Maison Jaoule-exterior.
Figure 11. Villa Sarabahi – interior.
On the materials and details level, he used the
big glasses with upper ribbon windows that Le
Corbusier used in Villa Savoye 1928-1931.
Regarding the materials, he had used the
traditional material such as wood with modern
ones such as concrete, steel, and class insofar
Le Corbusier tactic especially in Villa Sarabhai,
Ahmedabad 1951. The elegant sensitivity of
merge these materials together reflects the
aesthetic adapting of the construction
resources (Figures 10, 11).
Figure 12. Neoptolemos and Maria residence 1964.
Figure 13. Villa Sarabhai, Ahmedabad 1951.
In addition, he used the concrete without
plastering as Le Corbusier did in his brutalist
period after WWII; moreover, obviously, he
supervised and practiced his construction staff
in a professional way from the level of
productivity and precise working comparing
with a critical time of the years of construction.
Study the lighting and reflection which remind
by Le Corbusier words" the elements of
architecture are light and shade, walls and
space" ( Le Corbusier, 1927)
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Farhan Abdullah Ali 10
He dealt with those elements in an attractive
way (figures 12, 13). moreover, N., Michaelides
did not hide his influence by Le Corbusier, the
elements was clear to viewers, the concrete
gutter for draining rain water was used in an
abstract and aesthetic way as Le Corbusier had
done before in many building such as in Villa
Shodhan, Ahmedabad 1951(figures 14, 15)
Figure 14. Neoptolemos and Maria residence, details.
Figure 15. Villa Shodhan, Ahmedabad 1951.
In addition, the nautical large balconies, the
steel handrail, and light staircase could be
differentiated as aesthetic features recognize
in N., Michaelides residence was used by Le
Corbusier before in many building such as his
nautical metaphors in Unité d'habitation,
Marseille, France, 1945 (figure 16)
Figure 16. Kindergarten on roof in Unité d'habitation,
Marseille, France, 1945.
2.2.2 Aesthetic values of Theotodos Kanthos
residence
This project is the home of the painter and
close friend Theodotos Kanthos; perhaps it was
the first architectural example in Cyprus that
embraces so overall the principles of modern
architecture. The House Designed in 1949 and
its construction was completed in 1952. This is a
three-bedroom house, further comprising
painting atelier (Figures 17, 18).
N., Michaelides, despite his young age, in this
house, he applied so impressively all novel
elements of the modern movement. Apart
from the residential spaces, it contains a
painting studio. The usage spaces are clearly
divided into two levels. The common spaces
are on the ground floor, the private ones on
the first floor. The passage into the interior of
the building contains three stages: The
covered foreground, the glassed entrance
space with the vertical circulation and the
closed interior space. The differentiation of the
building volumes over the height determines
concrete visual connections and allows for a
high level of natural lighting of the spaces.
During the summer period, the activities of the
closed living room are transferred into the
outer covered space that is defined by the
structural grid, the water pond, and the curved
wall, encasing the painting studio (Michael
and Phocas, 2010).
11. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(1), 1-12 / 2017
Farhan Abdullah Ali 11
In the design, special attention was given to
functional separation and transition from open
to close. Moreover, the relation between
outdoor and indoor, neoplastic and free view of
the composition both plan view and in section
where it was distinguished from its simple forms,
In addition, we could notice that The architect
focused on the rational use of materials, the
dialectic resolving conflicts in and out, up and
down, open-closed, covered-uncovered, are
the tools used by the architect. He fully
elevated the building on Corbusian pilotis
although there were rare use piloites even to
elevate a part of the building in Cyprus before
the 1960s.
Figure 17. Theotodos Kanthos residence (1949-1952).
Figure 18. Theotodos Kanthos residence (1949-1952).
3. Conclusions
The research paper aimed to highlight on the
modern architecture of Cyprus through a
historical review about the appearance of
modernity, and how it was affected the whole
lifestyle in the 20th century. The paper found
many pieces of evidence on the emergence of
aesthetic value in modern dwelling architecture
of Cyprus regarding the influence of Le
Corbusier principles and applying them in the
modern architectural discourse by discussing
two examples of private residences designed
by N., Michaelides. The pilotis (columns), free
plan, free facade, horizontal sliding windows,
and roof garden are the most important
architectural type features were used.
Moreover, the simplicity, functionality, the
brutalist features, the nautical elements are
distinguished the modern architecture discourse
of Cyprus.
Acknowledgments
This research did not receive any specific grant
from funding agencies in the public,
commercial, or non-for-profit sectors.
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