A B S T R A C T
Modern architecture developed more than a century ago to find solutions suitable to solve the new concerns of the industrial revolution that changed the social idea of the world in all aspects. Bauhaus school which established by Walter Gropius in 1919 adopted too many principles and ideas that were totally new to the architecture concept and theory at that time; their principles started from Simplicity, Angularity, Abstraction, Consistency, Unity, Organization, Economy, Subtlety, Continuity, Regularity, and Sharpness. Those principles affected the architectural world and found its way through many applications in different parts of the world. The unlimited space or the international space that had a significant influence on the architecture space and form as well as the introduction of the new material, the anti- decorating, and Platonic forms had worked to reconstruct the architecture in the world. Cyprus as an Island close to the sources of the movement got the influence from the modern movement. The study will concentrate on Efruz Housing which designed by Ahmet Vural, who developed the project in the 60th of the last century. The aim of the research is to find the relationship and effects of Bauhaus school in Cyprus through studying and analyzing some of Ahmet vural works. The methodology will depend on a comparison with the traditional housing that preceded Mr. Vural work and how the Modernism changed the main features of the housing on the Island.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2017) 1(2), 1-10. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2017.3645
A B S T R A C T
Modernity has significantly influenced the branches of human knowledge; architecture has a substantial share in this effect. Modern architecture, in turn, was not a negative recipient to impact, but it was a positive catalyst for decades. Moreover, it did not limit to certain geographic boundaries, but it has spread all over the world and Cyprus was not an exception. Due to most of the Cypriot pioneer architects were studied in Europe; Cyprus was the incubator that has many architectural distinctive pieces of evidence of modern architecture. Perhaps the expert reader of the modern architectural discourse of Cyprus could distinguish numerous aesthetic features in Cyprus Buildings especially the private residences and their appearance is credited back to one of the pioneers of modern architecture; Le Corbusier. The research paper is an attempt to determine the influence of the principles that Le Corbusier claimed as keystones of modern architecture in early twenty century and how impressed on the emergence of aesthetic values of the modern architecture of Cyprus as well. The paper takes two works of Neoptolemos Michaelides, as case study (Neoptolemos Michaelides is considered the father of Cyprus modern architecture). The first case study is his and wife private residence, which considers the icon of the modern residential architecture of Cyprus and the other is the first residential project designed by him Theotodos Kanthos residence.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2018) 2(1), 1-12. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2017.3651
Integration of the Vernacular Passive Cooling Systems with Contemporary Archi...paperpublications3
Abstract: Vernacular architecture has always served the people of a certain climatic condition with the required answers to their immediate environmental problems. The architecture without architects has been a major focus of late as architects tend to reflect back to how their ancestors tackled the problem of the environment when it came to buildings and design. Human need, cultural identity as well as the surrounding context has been a pivotal focus for vernacular architecture. The Middle East as a region is a land with diverse cultures that have been united by the climatic conditions of their land which is hot and dry for the most part of it. To tackle the heat and the direct harsh sun of the Middle east, certain techniques and elements were devised to combat them. Such devices like the Mashrabiyas, Wind Catchers and Courtyards were used, among others. The 21st Century urbanization and rapid universality of contemporary architecture combined with the oil and gas industry wealth of the Middle East has made this region join the in the mad rush to compete in the frontlines of rapid urbanization and somehow neglect their vernacular architecture and cultural identities in place of the more lucrative contemporary architecture. This study focuses on finding a common ground for vernacular architecture and the 21st-century contemporary architecture without compromising each other. The study will look at Mashrabiyas and Windcatchers, elements of the Middle Eastern vernacular architecture and a case study which is a pioneer in the use of vernacular elements in the 21st-century contemporary architecture. The study seeks to find better options when designing a building in the Middle East with consideration of the vernacular aspect of the region achieved by literature reviews of journals, articles, and theses.
A B S T R A C T
Modernity has significantly influenced the branches of human knowledge; architecture has a substantial share in this effect. Modern architecture, in turn, was not a negative recipient to impact, but it was a positive catalyst for decades. Moreover, it did not limit to certain geographic boundaries, but it has spread all over the world and Cyprus was not an exception. Due to most of the Cypriot pioneer architects were studied in Europe; Cyprus was the incubator that has many architectural distinctive pieces of evidence of modern architecture. Perhaps the expert reader of the modern architectural discourse of Cyprus could distinguish numerous aesthetic features in Cyprus Buildings especially the private residences and their appearance is credited back to one of the pioneers of modern architecture; Le Corbusier. The research paper is an attempt to determine the influence of the principles that Le Corbusier claimed as keystones of modern architecture in early twenty century and how impressed on the emergence of aesthetic values of the modern architecture of Cyprus as well. The paper takes two works of Neoptolemos Michaelides, as case study (Neoptolemos Michaelides is considered the father of Cyprus modern architecture). The first case study is his and wife private residence, which considers the icon of the modern residential architecture of Cyprus and the other is the first residential project designed by him Theotodos Kanthos residence.
CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2018) 2(1), 1-12. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2017.3651
Integration of the Vernacular Passive Cooling Systems with Contemporary Archi...paperpublications3
Abstract: Vernacular architecture has always served the people of a certain climatic condition with the required answers to their immediate environmental problems. The architecture without architects has been a major focus of late as architects tend to reflect back to how their ancestors tackled the problem of the environment when it came to buildings and design. Human need, cultural identity as well as the surrounding context has been a pivotal focus for vernacular architecture. The Middle East as a region is a land with diverse cultures that have been united by the climatic conditions of their land which is hot and dry for the most part of it. To tackle the heat and the direct harsh sun of the Middle east, certain techniques and elements were devised to combat them. Such devices like the Mashrabiyas, Wind Catchers and Courtyards were used, among others. The 21st Century urbanization and rapid universality of contemporary architecture combined with the oil and gas industry wealth of the Middle East has made this region join the in the mad rush to compete in the frontlines of rapid urbanization and somehow neglect their vernacular architecture and cultural identities in place of the more lucrative contemporary architecture. This study focuses on finding a common ground for vernacular architecture and the 21st-century contemporary architecture without compromising each other. The study will look at Mashrabiyas and Windcatchers, elements of the Middle Eastern vernacular architecture and a case study which is a pioneer in the use of vernacular elements in the 21st-century contemporary architecture. The study seeks to find better options when designing a building in the Middle East with consideration of the vernacular aspect of the region achieved by literature reviews of journals, articles, and theses.
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Art Movements and Interaction in Interior Architecture with the Approach of C...Davood Navabiasl
Art Movements and Interaction in Interior Architecture with the Approach of Contemporary Architecture
Davood Navabi Asl١, Alireza Bavandian٢,
Taghi Tavousi٣, Foroogh Ghaforian Khames Fard٤
davood.navabi@gmail.com
Abstract
Art in the twentieth century has been innovated and evolved more than previous centuries. So as in
contemporary art, the artist's individual influence has surpassed the influence artist's work and the artist is
the focus of attention, whereas in the old art, the artist's work was influential and also the artist's works
were formed based on peoples tastes. But today, by focusing on the artist, people's tastes have been
pushed aside and the artist's feeling has been emerged. Absence of art work in interior building creates
contradiction with human who favors art. The created space should have artistic features or could place
art works inside to the best of manifestation in order to be able to interact with cognitive ability of human.
This point can also be insisted on that nature inventory of interior space is designed for human and
without interior space; the building appears like a great statue. Art movements formed in recent decades
have caused that new needs will be felt whether for displaying works in a particular environment or
integrating the space and art work; in a wider environment, the created interior space can be looked at as
an art work in the prevailing art movements.
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων architekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and "creator") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων architekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and "creator") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.
Structuralism is a mode of thinking .pptxseyefeselasse
Structuralism is a mode of thinking and a method of analysis practiced in 20th-centurysocial sciences and humanities. Methodologically, it analyses large-scale systems by examining the relations and functions of the smallest constituent elements of such systems, which range from human languages and cultural practices to folktales and literary texts.
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More details please access to
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Trieusunghop/202649229794884
Art Movements and Interaction in Interior Architecture with the Approach of C...Davood Navabiasl
Art Movements and Interaction in Interior Architecture with the Approach of Contemporary Architecture
Davood Navabi Asl١, Alireza Bavandian٢,
Taghi Tavousi٣, Foroogh Ghaforian Khames Fard٤
davood.navabi@gmail.com
Abstract
Art in the twentieth century has been innovated and evolved more than previous centuries. So as in
contemporary art, the artist's individual influence has surpassed the influence artist's work and the artist is
the focus of attention, whereas in the old art, the artist's work was influential and also the artist's works
were formed based on peoples tastes. But today, by focusing on the artist, people's tastes have been
pushed aside and the artist's feeling has been emerged. Absence of art work in interior building creates
contradiction with human who favors art. The created space should have artistic features or could place
art works inside to the best of manifestation in order to be able to interact with cognitive ability of human.
This point can also be insisted on that nature inventory of interior space is designed for human and
without interior space; the building appears like a great statue. Art movements formed in recent decades
have caused that new needs will be felt whether for displaying works in a particular environment or
integrating the space and art work; in a wider environment, the created interior space can be looked at as
an art work in the prevailing art movements.
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων architekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and "creator") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων architekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and "creator") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.
Structuralism is a mode of thinking .pptxseyefeselasse
Structuralism is a mode of thinking and a method of analysis practiced in 20th-centurysocial sciences and humanities. Methodologically, it analyses large-scale systems by examining the relations and functions of the smallest constituent elements of such systems, which range from human languages and cultural practices to folktales and literary texts.
The twentieth century modern architectures in Lefkosia in North Cyprus are changing especially in residential building. This change is occurs based on the client’s orders or because of the dilapidated condition of the buildings. Identify the characteristics of modernist architectural movement will help in identifying these buildings and recognize the changes applied on them. The paper aims to reach the rationale understanding about the norms of modern architecture in Lefkoşa in the twentieth century. The methodology is based on analyzing the residential buildings designed by local architects and “Ahmet Vural Bahaeddin” selected as one of the famous modernist architect in the twentieth century in North Cyprus. Residential buildings from Milan and Rome in Italy, as well as Baecelina in Spain selected for analysis. The paper tries to demonstrate the presence of vernacular elements in modern architecture in Lefkoşa. Two vernacular elements were studied, i) the patio (outside and inside interrelation), and ii) the façade materials (exposed stone) as vernacular elements in “Mediterranean modernist architecture”. The paper delineated the influence of the “Mediterranean modernist movement” on modern architecture in Lefkoşa in the 20th century. The findings show that there is influence by Modernist movement of architecture in other Mediterranean cities in Italy and Espain on the modern architecture in Lefkoşa. The results contribute evidence to promote our understanding regarding the modernist architecture in Lefkoşa.
A B S T R A C T
Modernist architecture movement of the buildings in any city reflects the modernity of that city. Lefkoşa as a modern city faced many conflicts in the last century. The governmental buildings illustrate how modernism in architecture was defined and reflected in the buildings of the city. The aim of this paper is to explore the modernism movement in architecture influence on educational governmental buildings in Lefkoşa for first half in 20th century. The paper focuses on the ideas and experiences of modernist architects in first half of 20th century to apply modernism elements, and relationship between architecture form and functionalism in governmental buildings. Methodology frame work elucidated to conduct the subject. Two School buildings have been selected from the first half of twentieth century in Lefkoşa as case studies for modernist architecture. ‘Lefkoşa türk lisesi’ designed by ‘Ahmet vural Bahaedden’, which was the one of famous modernist architects in Cyprus and ‘Şehit Ertuğrul Ilkokulu’. The buildings architectural elements analyzed in both schools to demonstrate relation between site, interior space, functionality and environmental response, based on using their modern material and character. The paper concluded that the educational buildings hold strong elements of the modernist architecture in Lefkoşa and demonstrate how the elements of modernism were involved functionally in the design. The findings contribute useful evidence about the existence of modernism philosophy in architecture in Lefkoşa in the first half of twentieth century. CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2018) 2(1), 22-32. Doi: 10.25034/ijcua.2018.3653
Towards the Egyptian Charter for Conservation of Cultural Heritages
1 Associate Professor Dr. Corinna Rossi , 2 * Sara Rabie
1 Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture, Politecnico di Milano Cairo, Milan, Italy
2 Department of Architecture and Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
1 E-mail: corinna.rossi@polimi.it , 2 E-mail: sarah.rabie@guc.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 5 April 2021
Accepted 15 June 2021
Available online 25 June 2021
Keywords:
Cultural Heritages;
Conservation;
History;
Value;
Authenticity;
Europe;
Egypt.
ABSTRACT
The notion of “Cultural heritage” is quite modern compared to other humanistic fields developed in the last century. Conservation as a science has emerged and took shape during international conventions and treaties in many places in Europe and developed various frameworks to recognize the heritage and its value but based on “Eurocentric bias” criteria. The fact of sharing universal values and common practices during the age of globalization had a significant impact on conservation actions in contexts utterly different from western societies and don’t share the same historical or cultural dimensions. Therefore, this study traces the history of the evolution of conservation in the west from two perspectives; the historical one and the developing methodologies, and the philosophies behind the main theories in conservation. Cultural heritage is a reflection of the identity of the society and its past; thus, this study outlines the development of conservation practices in Egypt within the international approaches in a chronological order to investigate the social response and the impact of the political and cultural influence of the cultural consciousness of the society and the conservation actions in the Egyptian context. Furthermore, to investigate the contribution of international charters in developing national policies in Egypt.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 101-111.
The Impact of Transit-Oriented Development on Fast-Urbanizing Cities: Applied analytical study on Greater Cairo Region
* 1 MS.c. Mohamed Kafrawy Image result for research orcid , 2 Professor Dr. Sahar Attia Image result for research orcid , 3 Professor Dr. Heba Allah Khalil Image result for research orcid
1, 2 &3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt
1 E-mail: en.kafrawy@gmail.com , 2 E-mail: saharattia16@eng.cu.edu.eg , 3 E-mail: hebatallah.khalil@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 16 May 2021
Revised: 25 August 2021
Accepted: 27 August 2021
Available online: 8 September 2021
Keywords:
Transit-oriented Development;
Fast-Urbanizing cities;
Sustainable transportation;
Sustainable development;
Greater Cairo region.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Transportation has always been the backbone of development. Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been theorized, piloted and expanded increasingly in the past few decades. In this regard, this paper investigates the relationship between urban development, the transportation process, and the required implementation guidelines within fast-urbanizing cities, such as Cairo. After reviewing different related sustainable development theories, the study investigates pioneering case studies that have applied TOD and provided adequate implementation frameworks. The authors then extract and compare a set of required policies. The current Egyptian development paradigm is then discussed in relation to these enabling policies, focusing on Greater Cairo Region, Egypt. The authors debate previous development plans, progress, and newly proposed ones, focusing on the transportation process as the means for development. The study concludes with a set of required guidelines to ensure the integration of transportation with land-use planning, thus ensuring a more prosperous and inclusive urban development.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 83-95.
Developing Design Criteria for Sustainable Urban Parks
* Dr. Didem Dizdaroğlu Image result for research orcid
Department of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Art, Design, and Architecture, Bilkent University, Turkey
E-mail: dizdaroglu@bilkent.edu.tr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 28 February 2021
Revised: 15 August 2021
Accepted: 19 August 2021
Available online: 30 August 2021
Keywords:
Sustainable Cities;
Urban Parks;
Green Spaces;
COVID-19;
Sustainable Design.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
This study investigates how urban parks can contribute to helping cities become more sustainable through developing a set of criteria for the sustainable design of urban parks. Today, there is no example around the world where all the proposed sustainable design criteria are applied together in a specific urban park. In this context, this study aims to make a novel contribution by systematically reviewing the literature on the sustainable design of urban parks. In the light of research findings, this study contributes to the implementation of a comprehensive sustainable park design practice in our cities in the future. These design criteria may further serve as performance indicators to offer information and know-how to local authorities, practitioners, communities, and other actors in this field to help them assess their success levels and progress over time.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 69-81.
The Role of “Scale” on the Acceleration of Social Interaction in Urban Spaces
1 * Dr. Kaveh Hajialiakbari Image result for research orcid , 2 Dr. Mohammad Zare Image result for research orcid ,
3 Mitra Karimi Image result for research orcid
1 Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Architecture and urbanism, Tehran, Iran
2 & 3 University of Tehran, Faculty of Fine Arts, Tehran, Iran
1 E-mail: Kaveh.haa@gmail.com , 2 E-mail: zare.md@ut.ac.ir ,
3 E-mail: mitrakarimi@modares.ac.ir
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 8 March 2021
Revised: 25 July 2021
Accepted: 8 August 2021
Available online: 18 August 2021
Keywords:
Urban Space;
Obsolescent Neighborhoods,
Social Interaction,
Evaluation Indicators,
Functional Scale.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Rehabilitation projects are interventions that can lead to the transformation of the socio-spatial structure of obsolescent neighborhoods. The main intention of such projects is the creation and/or improvement of social interactions after physical and functional interventions. Urban Renewal Organization of Tehran (UROT) is tasked with identification of target obsolescent neighborhoods, preparation of neighborhood development plans and implementation of rehabilitation projects to improve the quality of space and stimulate social interactions. In this paper, three urban spaces in different scales (“micro” for neighborhoods, “meso” for local and “macro” for trans-local scales), designed and implemented by UROT, were selected as a case study. By designing and filling a questionnaire and after analyzing research findings, the effect of the scale of the urban project on different activities was evaluated based on the Gehl model. Overall, in the expanded model based on the scale of space, an inverse ratio between the scale of space and both optional selective and social activities has been revealed.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 59-68.
Living Space Needs of Small Housing in the Post-Pandemic Era: Malaga as a case study
* Professor Dr. Carlos Rosa-Jiménez Image result for research orcid , B. Arch. Cristina Jaime-Segura Image result for research orcid
1 and 2 Institute for Habitat, Tourism, Territory, Edificio Ada Byron, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, University of
Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
1 E-mail: cjrosa@uma.es , 2 E-mail: jscristina@uma.es
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 18 June 2021
Revised: 3 August 2021
Accepted: 10 August 2021
Available online: 14 August 2021
Keywords:
Architectural Design;
Lockdown;
Post-Covid City;
Remote Working;
Terraces;
Hygienism.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
The COVID-19 lockdown period has highlighted the ability of housing to accommodate a comprehensive programme typical of the city and its public space. Housing units of under 60 m2 and in blocks of flats are the more vulnerable, as they have a higher percentage of non-community open spaces. That problem was analysed using a methodology based on psychological, urban planning and architectural indicators applied to two coastal cities in the Mediterranean area of southern Spain. The results highlight three aspects in this type of dwelling: the need to consider the orientation of the housing to improve the quality of indoor and outdoor space; the need in public housing policies for a greater number of rooms to facilitate remote working; and finally, the importance of functional terraces overlooking green areas.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 51-58.
Mathematical Model Applied to Green Building Concept for Sustainable Cities Under Climate Change
1 Professor Dr. Md. Haider Ali Biswas Image result for research orcid , 2* M.Sc. Pinky Rani DeyImage result for research orcid
3 Asst. Prof. Md. Sirajul Islam Image result for research orcid , 4 M.Sc. Sajib Mandal Image result for research orcid
1 Mathematics Discipline, Science Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
2, 3 & 4 Department of Mathematics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj-8100, Bangladesh
E-mail 1: mhabiswas@gmail.com , E-mail 2: pinkydey.math@gmail.com
E-mail 3: sirajulku@gmail.com , E-mail 4: sajibmandal1997@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 20 May 2021
Revised: 25 July 2021
Accepted: 11 August 2021
Available online 16 August 2021
Keywords:
Green Building;
Sustainable Cities;
Climate Change;
Mathematical Model;
Numerical Simulations.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Recently the effect of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is worldwide terrified anxiety to the public and scholars. Even this global problem is one of the great issues that continuously makes worrying the governments and environmentalists, but its solution findings are not out of the image at all. In this study, we have proposed and analysed a mathematical model for the solvable management of GHGs by sowing the seeds of green building dynamic systems. Moreover, in the model, the human community is used to enhance the production power of individuals of green buildings by absorbing the GHGs. The model is analysed by stability analysis at the equilibrium points: trivial and global equilibrium, and also by convincing the stability and instability of the system of equations. The behaviour of the propound model has been developed by numerical simulations which shows the rate of the fruitfulness of GHG components.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 36-50.
Sustainable Construction for Affordable Housing Program in Kabul
1 MSc. Mohammadullah Hakim Ebrahimi Image result for research orcid , 2* Professor Dr. Philippe Devillers Image result for research orcid
3 Professor Dr. Éric Garcia-Diaz Image result for research orcid
1 Construction Faculty, Kabul Polytechnic University, Afghanistan
2 LIFAM, École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Montpellier, France
3 LMGC, IMT Mines Ales, University of Montpellier, CNRS, France
E-mail 1: M.HEbrahimi@kpu.edu.af , E-mail 2: Philippe.devillers@montpellier.archi.fr
E-mail 3: eric.garcia-diaz@mines-ales.fr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received: 13 April 2021
Revised: 18 July 2021
Accepted: 6 August 2021
Available online 17 August 2021
Keywords:
Earth Construction;
Local Materials;
Sun-Dried Brick;
Compressive Earth Block;
Stabilization;
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Afghanistan has suffered from four decades of war, causing a massive migration of the rural population to the cities. Kabul was originally designed for 1,5 million people, whereas there are now 5 million in the city. The importation of modern western styles housing for rapid reconstruction reveals apparent cultural conflict and a significant environmental footprint. The new drive for sustainable reconstruction should consider the use of local materials combined with modern technologies. Earthen architecture underlies the embodiment of Afghan architecture. This research aims to revisit traditional Afghan earthen construction with the tools of industrial modernity. The three soils of the Kabul region are first characterized. Sun-dried mud brick and compressive earth block, with and without stabilization have been prepared and tested in the laboratory to develop the most suitable earth construction element which is cost-effective and easily available compared to imported modern products.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 23-35.
Sustainability of Tourism Development in the city of Ain-Sukhna, Egypt
* Professor Dr. Yasser Mahgoub Image result for research orcid
Faculty of Architecture, Galala University, Egypt
E-mail: ymahgoub@gu.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 18 June 2021
Accepted 5 August 2021
Available online 14 August 2021
Keywords:
Coastal Tourism;
Sustainable Development;
Cultural Resource;
Ain-Sukhna;
Galala City.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Tourism is a major economic source for Egypt, due to its significant natural and cultural attractions. Yet, rapid development and construction of touristic facilities have a negative impact on the fragile natural and cultural heritage. This paper studies the recent touristic developments of the coastal stretch of Ain-Sukhna on the Red Sea coastal region of Galala Mountain, and their impact on the surrounding natural and cultural attractions. Coral reefs and rich marine life have made this stretch among the prime fishing and scuba diving destinations in the world. The area is also famous for its year-round sunny beaches and the spectacular coastal scenic drive where Galala Mountain reaches the Red Sea. Recently, development has started on the mountains following the construction of Galala Mountain Road. Galala City started with Galala University and several residential, touristic, and commercial facilities. This paper studies the pattern of development in the area during the past 40 years and assesses its impact on natural and cultural resources.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 13-22.
Proclaiming Colonial Urban Heritage: Towards an Inclusive Heritage-interpretation for Colombo’s Past
* Professor Dr. Harsha Munasinghe Image result for research orcid
School of Architectural Studies, George Brown College, Toronto, Canada
E-mail: hmunasinghe@georgebrown.ca
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 13 April 2021
Accepted 18 July 2021
Available online 26 July 2021
Keywords:
Urban Heritage;
Colonialism;
Contested-Past;
Historic-City;
Inclusive heritage Interpretation;
Colombo.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Colombo, Sri Lanka’s commercial capital is a forceful creation of European colonialists who occupied the island for over four centuries. Its urban structure displays the social fragmentation sought by the rulers. Colombo elaborates an extraordinary process of city-making, stratified with its Dutch-origin, British-reshaping, and post-colonial adaptation. Proclaiming such a contested past as an inheritance requires an inclusive heritage interpretation. The recent renovation of monumental buildings for potential market values and demolishing minor architecture do not display such a heritage interpretation. This, placing undue attention on a selected social group, is found to be further emptying the compartmentalized city. The exclusion of some sub-societies also cost possible stewardship to urban heritage. Having observed the non-sustainability of current heritage-interpretation practised in Colombo, we searched for alternative means to unify societies in time-space thus sustaining the diversity of urban spaces. Our empirical studies have established the need to integrate the inherent cultural values of the colonial-built urban fabric in heritage interpretation. The results of vibrant heritage-interpretation results have been studied through a literature survey with aims to contribute towards the development of an inclusive heritage interpretation practice to protect Colombo’s colonial past sustainably.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2022), 6(1), 1-12.
Heritage Preservation as Strategy for Recomposing Conflict Territories
Prof. Dr. José Manuel Pagés Madrigal Image result for research orcid
Architecture & Urban Design, German University in Cairo, Egypt
E-mail: jose.madrigal@guc.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 18 May 2021
Accepted 20 October 2021
Available online 29 October 2021
Keywords:
Conflict territories;
Heritage Preservation;
Cultural heritage;
Reconstruction;
Cyprus;
Kosovo.
ABSTRACT
Heritage admits diverse readings depending on different territorial spaces, contexts, and knowledge fields. The relation between Heritage and the social contexts is one of these knowledge areas. But Heritage accepts a dual perception as a cultural reflection. It may be considered either as the origins of the conflicts or the engine for recomposing disrupted territories. The paper proposes a reflection on the topics related to conflict territories and the roles currently played by Cultural Heritage. The recomposition of conflict territories is based on a continuous intercultural approach with important contributions from human rights, genders equality, intercultural dialogue perspectives and the fact of taking heritage as a territorial stabilization factor. The paper presents specific practical cases in the Eastern Mediterranean region where actions on Heritage religious elements collide with the national sovereign of the respective current countries. A comparative study among these different actions proves that the initial clashes can be progressively transformed into strategies able to become the future guideline for the resolution of heritage regional conflicts. These conflicts reflect two discourses: political (with strong links between national identity and religion) and scientific (with a clash between static concept and dynamic vision) where objects interact with the visitors.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 252-264.
Investigating Built Environment Indicators to Develop a Local Walkability Index
* 1 B.Sc. Menna Tarek Image result for research orcid , 2 Prof. Dr. Ghada Farouk Hassan Image result for research orcid
3 Prof. Dr. Abeer Elshater Image result for research orcid , 4 Dr. Mohamed Elfayoumi Image result for research orcid
1, 2, 3 and 4 Ain Shams University, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo, Egypt.
E-mail 1: menna.tarek@eng.asu.edu.eg , E-mail 2: Ghadafhassan@eng.asu.edu.eg
E-mail 3: abeer.elshater@eng.asu.edu.eg , E-mail 4: m_fayoumi@eng.asu.edu.eg
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 8 June 2021
Accepted 20 August 2021
Available online 29 August 2021
Keywords:
Local Walkability Index;
Pedestrian Walking Behaviour;
Urban Design;
Mixed-use Street,
Cairo.
ABSTRACT
Many studies have been conducted over the last 20 years to determine and measure factors that affect the walkability of city streets. Walkability is an essential factor in deciding whether a city is green or sustainable. This paper creates a comprehensive walkability index by analysing built environmental indicators that affect walkability. This research was conducted on mixed land use streets in Cairo, Egypt, combining the results from an online survey and a walkability assessment model developed by multi-criteria decision analysis techniques. The results were based on a three-pillar approach starting with the theoretical background to frame the walkability indicator, numerical assessment over the Egyptian cases using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique and a qualitative user perception survey. Our results confirm that determining to what extent Cairo’s streets are walkable is crucial to enhancing pedestrians’ perceptions of the walking environment. Furthermore, the results illustrated the essential factors within the built environment indicators that influence pedestrian walking behaviour.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 235-251.
Liveability Dimensions in New Town Developments: An Overview of Senri New Town and Purbachal New Town
* 1 M. Eng. Tahmina Rahman Image result for research orcid , 2 Dr. Md. Nawrose Fatemi Image result for research orcid
1 Division of Global Architecture, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
2 Department of Architecture, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
E-mail 1: ar.tahminarahman@gmail.com , E-mail 2: nawrose@uap-bd.edu
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 April 2021
Accepted 10 August 2021
Available online 15 August 2021
Keywords:
Dimensions of Liveability;
New Town Development;
Satellite Townships;
Osaka;
Dhaka.
ABSTRACT
Since the 1960s, new town developments within large metropolises have been widely adopted to decongest the city centres, especially in Asian cities. This paper provides a brief account of the liveability dimensions of two new townships developed in large metropolitan areas: Senri New Town in Osaka and Purbachal New Town in Dhaka. The study primarily draws on master plans of the two developments to identify how the components of the plans reflect the physical, social, functional and safety dimensions of a proposed liveability framework. The methodology combines a review of masters plans with scholarly and grey literature on the two new town developments. The findings show while the social and functional dimensions are integrated with Senri New Town; Purbachal New Town, though more recent, appears to have missed opportunities for diversifying density, social mix and mass transit. The paper concludes that the comparative case, Senri-New Town provides insights on how public-private people participation can leverage citizen-centred design for more liveable residential living environments in developing cities.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 221-233.
Monitoring and Landscape Quantification of Uncontrolled Urbanisation in Oasis Regions: The Case of Adrar City in Algeria
* 1 Dr. Assoule Dechaicha Image result for research orcid , 2 Assist. Prof. Adel Daikh Image result for research orcid , 3 Prof. Dr. Djamel Alkama Image result for research orcid
1, 2 and 3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, 8 May 1945 University, Guelma, Algeria
E-mail 2: dechaicha.assoul@univ-guelma.dz , E-mail 1: alkama.djamel@univ-guelma.dz
E-mail 3: daikh.adel@univ-guelma.dz
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 March 2021
Accepted 25 July 2021
Available online 12 August 2021
Keywords:
Uncontrolled Urbanisation,
Satellite Images,
Landscape Metrics,
Palm groves,
Oasis Ecosystem.
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, uncontrolled urbanisation is one of the major problems facing Algerian oasis regions. The monitoring and evaluation of its landscape transformations remain a key step for any oasis sustainability project. This study highlights the evolution of spatial growth in the city of Adrar in southern Algeria during the period 1986-2016 by establishing a Spatio-temporal mapping and landscape quantification. The methodological approach is based on a multi-temporal analysis of Landsat satellite images for 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2016, and the application of landscape metrics. The results show two opposite spatial trends: significant growth of built-up areas against an excessive loss of palm groves. The landscape metrics allowed the identification of a progressive fragmentation process characterising the palm groves. Thus, the findings of this study show the utility of satellite imagery and landscape metrics approach for monitoring urbanisation patterns and assessing their impacts on oasis ecosystems.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 209-219.
Community Participation in Decision Making Processes in Urban Planning: The Case of Kaunas
M.A. Laura Jankauskaitė-Jurevičienė Image result for research orcid, Dr. Aušra Mlinkauskienė Image result for research orcid
a and b Kaunas University of Technology, Civil engineering and architecture faculty, Kaunas, Lithuania
E mail 1: laura.jankauskaite-jureviciene@ktu.lt, Email 2: ausra.mlinkauskiene@ktu.lt
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 July 2020
Accepted 29 August 2020
Available online 18 September 2020
Keywords:
Community;
Urban planning;
Spatial planning;
Decision-making processes.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Participation in decision-making processes foreshadows enabling citizens, communities, non-governmental organizations and other interested parties to influence the formulation of policies and laws affecting them. The purpose of this study is not only to review Lithuanian legal documents but also to analyse recent processes in Kaunas city planning. Kaunas city is undergoing various urban processes, which do not always meet the needs of the community. This study presents an analysis of the forms of community involvement in the urban planning processes and survey data on the effectiveness of community involvement. The methodology requires using a sociological survey with representatives of the city community and a comparative analysis between legal obligations and actual urbanization process.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 197-208.
The Impacts of Urban Morphology on Housing Indoor Thermal Condition in Hoi An City, Vietnam
1 * M.A. Thien Huong Luu Image result for research orcid, 2 Dr. Juan-Carlos Rojas-Arias Image result for research orcid, 3 Dr. Dominique Laffly Image result for research orcid
1and 2 Laboratory of Research in Architecture (LRA), National School of Architecture of Toulouse, France
3 University of Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, France
E-mail 1: thien-huong.luu@toulouse.archi.fr , E-mail 2: juan-carlos.rojas-arias@toulouse.archi.fr ,
E-mail 3: dominique.laffly@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 20 July 2020
Accepted 25 August 2020
Available online 14 September 2020
Keywords:
Urban Morphology;
Indoor Thermal Condition; Ancient Town;
Vernacular House;
Modern Terraced House.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
Assessing the impact of urban morphology on the indoor thermal condition of housing in a tourism city in central Vietnam — Hoi An City is the main objective of this study. The research process is carried out by a variety of methods including in situ surveys, measuring with temperature sensors, data analysis and map analysis. Four houses, located in two areas with different urban forms, were selected for measurement within one month to investigate the differences in housing indoor temperature. The impact of urban morphology on housing was thereafter determined. Temperature sensors were permanently installed in 4 houses; based on these empirical measurements and data collected, the paper addresses solutions to improve urban morphology and indoor thermal condition.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 183-196.
E-participatory Approaches in Urban Design
* 1 Araf Öykü Türken Image result for research orcid, 2 Assoc. Prof. Dr Engin Eyüp Eyuboğlu Image result for research orcid
1 Department of City and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
2 Department of City and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Email 1: araf.turken@gmail.com, Email 2: eyuboglu@itu.edu.tr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 June 2020
Accepted 20 Augustus 2020
Available online 8 September 2020
Keywords:
E-participation;
Public Participation;
Urban Design.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
The phenomenon of planning involving citizen’s participation in planning literature has been from the second half of the 20th century. Indeed, different methods and techniques have been used in the process. However, participatory practices are time-consuming and negotiations are tiresome. Accordingly, the integration of developing digital technologies into participatory processes has been seen as a potential to reach large audiences and provide time-space independence. Within the scope of this research, a detailed literature review was done regarding e-participation, and ten (10) examples representing the upper levels at the ladder of participation were examined within the context of the project, participation, and socio-technical criteria. SWOT analyzes were structured by grouping similar applications, and current trends for the use of e-participation in urban design have been revealed. The analysis showed that citizens e participation- participation tend to allow citizen design or location-based interaction, playful interfaces and game elements which can be sources for encouragement.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 169-182.
Roles of Drop-in Centers in Street Children Interventions: Design Guidelines and Humanitarian Emergency Architecture Adaptations
* M.Sc. Ruba Azzam Image result for research orcid, Dr. Karim Kesseiba Image result for research orcid, Dr. Ahmed Abdelghaffar Image result for research orcid
Dr. Mennat-Allah El Husseiny Image result for research orcid
a, b, c and d Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering and Building Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Email 1: ruba-azzam90@hotmail.com , Email 2: karimkesseiba@gmail.com , Email 3: amaghaffar@gmail.com
Email 4: mennatallahelhusseiny@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 July 2020
Accepted 3 September 2020
Available online 8 September 2020
Keywords:
Street Children;
Drop-in centers;
Child-Rehabilitation centers;
Architecture for Humanitarian Emergencies;
Child Friendly Spaces (CFS).
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
For decades, numerous countries have been witnessing the Street Children phenomenon where millions of children worldwide are subjected to risks. Despite the crucial role of intermediate non-residential interventions - using drop-in centers- in protecting and rehabilitating street children, there is a paucity of research addressing the quality of design of these centers and how architecture might influence their operational process. Those observations invite investigating drop-in centers used in practice from a design perspective and question adapting architectural applications for humanitarian emergencies, focusing on “Child-Friendly Spaces”. The study aims to provide solutions for better quality design, facilitating operational challenges. The methodology undertakes the investigation through primary and secondary axes. This involves conducting literature and international precedents review and secondarily, an Egyptian contextual first-hand documentation and qualitative analysis of selected centers.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(2), 151-168.
Enhancing Security in Affordable Housing: The Case of Prince Fawaz Project
Professor Dr. Maged Attia Image result for research orcid
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
Email: mattia@kau.edu.sa
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 9 March 2021
Accepted 15 May 2021
Available online 30 May 2021
Keywords:
Environmental crime;
Enhancing security;
Crime rates;
Prince Fawaz project;
Saudi Arabia.
ABSTRACT
The present study argues that the urban form of affordable housing projects affects safety and security. The study examines the level of safety and security in the Prince Fawaz project proposing recommendations that enhance it. Theories and approaches concerned with the environmental crime are initially reviewed. Then, urban and architectural features as well as crime rates and patterns are documented. Also, trace and behaviour observations are carried out. The observations monitored urban features and behaviours associated with crime or fear of crime. Residents’ perception for security and fear of crime is extracted through a questionnaire. A Space Syntax is processed and linked with the questionnaire and observation outputs. Observations demonstrate a semblance of fear of crime which is supported by records of car and home theft. Although the questionnaire reflects a suitable level of security, it points to peripheral spaces and areas around mosques and shops as the less secure. However, enhancing security in the Prince Fawaz project requires urban interventions including controlling access to peripheral spaces, reviving areas detected to be unsafe, repositioning elements causing visual obstacles and enhancing appearance by vegetation and sustainable maintenance. Besides, reformulating the movement network so that an appropriate integration between residents and strangers is achieved. On the conceptual level, the study proves that none of the theories of environmental crime can act as a comprehensive approach; but each can partly work.
This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license
C:\Users\Hourakhsh\Desktop\CC_By_2020_licnece1.jpg
This article is published with open access at www.ijcua.com
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 85-100.
Urban Land-use and Traffic Congestion: Mapping the Interaction
1 * Ph.D. Candidate James Kanyepe Image result for research orcid, 2 Prof. Dr. Marian Tukuta Image result for research orcid, 3 Prof. Dr. Innocent Chirisa Image result for research orcid
1 and 2 Department of Supply Chain Management, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe
3 Department of Demography Settlement & Development, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
E-mail 1: jameskanyepe@gmail.com, E-mail 2: paidamoyo2016@gmail.com
E-mail 3: innocent.chirisa@gmail.com
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 25 October 2020
Accepted 15 December 2020
Available online 19 December 2020
Keywords:
Land-Use;
Peak Hour;
Traffic Congestion;
Transport;
Travel Patterns;
Travel Behavior.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
The interaction between transport, land-uses and travel patterns produce diverse transportation problems in urban cities with traffic congestion as the most visible manifestation. Traffic congestion is a frequent phenomenon in most cities around the globe. This paper reviews the interaction between land-use traffic congestion through published literature. The objective of this study is to encourage and provide researchers with future research directions in land-use and traffic congestion. For this purpose, a systematic review was performed analysing 45 articles from the year 2010 to 2020 using a descriptive approach. Subsequently, the results of the study show that although the interaction between land-use and traffic congestion has gained currency in developed countries far less is known on this subject in developing parts of the world, though new evidence is steadily accumulating. Consequently, limitations of this work are presented, opportunities are identified for future lines of research. Finally, the conclusion confirms the need for further research addressing the methodological concerns.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 77-84.
SIMURG_CITIES: Meta-Analysis for KPI's of Layer-Based Approach in Sustainability Assessment
1 * PhD Candidate. Burcu Ülker Image result for research orcid, 2 Prof. Dr. Alaattin Kanoğlu Image result for research orcid, 3 Prof. Dr. Özlem Özçevik Image result for research orcid
1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Kırklareli University, Turkey
2 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Turkey
3 Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
E-mail 1: burcuulker@klu.edu.tr, E-mail 2: alaattin.kanoglu@alanya.edu.tr
E-mail 3: ozceviko@itu.edu.tr
ARTICLE INFO:
Article History:
Received 6 March 2020
Accepted 20 June 2020
Available online 5 July 2020
Keywords:
SIMURG_CITIES;
Performance-Based Design and Building;
Competitiveness;
Competition by Design;
Innovativeness;
Interoperability; KPIs;
Sustainability; Smart Cities;
Meta-Analysis.
ABSTRACT D:\My Journal\papers\Vol 4 ISSUE 1\1 senem sadri Turkey\check for updates2020ijcua.tif
“SIMURG_CITIES” is the research and development project that is developed under the main project named SIMURG: “A performance-based and Sustainability-oriented Integration Model Using Relational database architecture to increase Global competitiveness of Turkish construction industry in industry 5.0 era”, is a relational database model that is currently being developed in a dissertation for performance-based development and assessment of sustainable and sophisticated solutions for the built environment. This study aims to analyze the key performance indicators (KPIs) at «Cities Level» for the smart city concept that is referred to as «Layers» in the master project. KPIs for the concept of a smart city are determined by using the meta-analysis technique. Hence, the three most reputable urban journals issued from 2017 through 2020 are reviewed in this study. In addition to this, models of smart city frameworks/assessment tools/KPIs are reviewed within the context of this paper; environment, economy, and governance were found to have domain themes on urban sustainability according to the literature review. Consequently, efficient and integrated urban management, environmental monitoring and management, public and social services of urban development, and sustainability are found to be the most important dimensions in urban and regional planning. SIMURG_CITIES evaluation models for urban projects can use the findings of this paper.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2021), 5(1), 59-76.
More from Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs (20)
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
2. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 1(2), 21-32 / 2017
Mustafa Aziz Amen 22
notion of the machine, new Technology, and
science.
Some of the Modernism characteristics and
structures becomes so internationally wide-
spread that it works as signs of the movement
everywhere in the world.
One of the main institutions that established the
Modern movement in Europe was the Bauhaus
school which established by Walter Gropius in
1919. Bauhaus adopted too many principles and
ideas that were totally new to the architecture
concept and theory at that time; their principles
started from Simplicity, Angularity, Abstraction,
Consistency, Unity, Organization, Economy,
Subtlety, Continuity, Regularity, and Sharpness.
Those because the” physical public space is a
result of struggles between different ideologies,
discourses, political decisions and daily activities
taking place at personal, interpersonal, local,
national, supranational and global scales”
(Sadri, 2017). Those principles affected the
architectural world and found its way through
many applications in different parts of the world.
So it becomes difficult to think about the modern
movement without taking into account those
principles and social forces that formalized those
principles. The unlimited space or the
international space that had a significant
influence on the architecture space and form as
well as the introduction of the new material, the
anti- decorating, and Platonic forms had worked
to reconstruct the architecture in the world.
Cyprus as an Island close to the sources of the
movement got the influence from the modern
movement; the Modern Architecture
propagated all over the Island with its neat,
clean and functional forms.
The paper will study the effect of the Bauhaus
modernism principles on changing the housing
layout and architecture in the Island and how
the modern movement changed the traditional
way of building on the Island with a particular
concentration on Nicosia. The study will
concentrate on Efruz Housing which designed by
Ahmet Vural, who developed the project in the
60th of the last century. There will be a
comparison with the traditional housing that
preceded Mr. Vural work and how the
Modernism changed the main features of the
housing on the Island.
2. The Historical View
In this section, there will be a brief discussion
about the advent of the modern movement in
Art and Architecture. Too many factors and
worked together to formulate new ideas and
expression in different fields of science and
architecture. Within this century, the concept
that the Greek culture has high values and
should emulate in all life possibilities (Ballantyne,
2004). The very point for Modernism is that “the
nature of what constituted beauty and the
beautiful was undergoing revision, as was the
idea of utility. The connection of beauty to a
moral and ethical dimension was passing into a
new phase, in which beauty identified, neutrally,
with sensation and experience. Thus, beauty was
no longer a moral entity or the embodiment of a
higher truth; it associated with individual taste
and individual striving (Karl, 1985, p. 117). There
were a new taste and attitude that needed new
approaches and manipulation translated and
interpolated in the modern movement in art and
architecture.
2.1.Modernity and Modern Architecture
The concept of Modernity conveyed in the
eighteenth (Heynen, 1999) or the mid of the
eighteen centuries by the Philosophers of the
Enlightenment in their efforts and seventeenth
century (Mallgrave, 2005, p. XV)as an attempt to
develop Objective science, universal morality
and law, and free art according to their inner
logic. The words theory and modern both first
came to prominence in the late seventeenth
century. The analyst of architectural modernism
must consider the relationship of architecture
and architects to three key epistemological
positions: history, theology, and politics (Hvattum
& Hermansen, 2004, p. 44). The main goals for
the Enlightenment philosophers were stayed to
the point “to utilize this accumulation of specific
culture for the enrichment of everyday life that is
to say, for the rational organization of everyday
3. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 1(2), 21-32 / 2017
Mustafa Aziz Amen 23
social life” (Heynen, 1999, p. 11). The most
significant effects happened after the industrial
revolutions and especially after the second
industrial revolution with the beginning in the
nineteenth century (Benevolo, 1977). As a result,
the architectural world adopted new methods
and claimed new methodology for their final
outputs, Technical, material innovation and
Functions of the buildings and compatibility with
the environment was one of their goals.
Therefore, Architecture is not a spectacle but a
service security fitness and convenience.
2.2.The Second Industrial Revolution 1856
The Industrial Revolution, which started in
England in the middle of the eighteenth century
and extent across the globe by the beginning of
World War II, shaped a new world (Outman &
Outman, 2003, p. IX). Moreover, give rise to
building factories and new industry. The industrial
revolution had a marvelous influence on
nineteenth century Society “Productive
efficiency, immigration from the country to the
city was explosive, and living conditions in
industrial cities were worse than at any other time
in history” (Hvattum & Hermansen, 2004, p. 224).
Cities were faced new technology, and there
were intentions toward quantifications and
reliable standardizations (Ballantyne,
2004).Changes in patterns of movement with the
expansion of inexpensive mass transport in made
possible the growth of cities to sizes which was
not possible before (Hvattum & Hermansen,
2004). It was the advent of the mass community
(Pevsner, 1968)or the machine age that
demanded a response from art and architecture
(Ballantyne, 2004). As a result, “Architecture and
design for the masses must be functional, in the
sense that they must be acceptable to all and
that their well- functioning is the primary
necessity” (Pevsner, 1968, p. 9). The new
technology and materials increased the sense of
Modern and Modernism which “flourished in the
nineteenth century, especially in England, when
the 1851 Exhibition in the Crystal Palace was the
epitome of technological genius” (Karl, 1985, p.
9). The other invention in this era was the spread
of Bessemer process1 in the iron industry which
led to replacing the cast Iron with steel the iron in
all-purpose (Pevsner, 1968). The result was in
Crystal Palace (Figure1). Later, in France there
were the “triumphs of iron architecture at the
exhibition of 1889 had still been the triumphs of
engineers, even if the Eiffel Tower (Figure 2). By Its
very height and Position became at once one of
the chief constituents of the architectural scene
of Paris.
Figure 1. Crystal Palace (Pevsner, 1968).
Figure 2. Eiffel Tower (Britannica, 2016).
3. The emergence of Modern Movement.
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries, Europe was replete with many schools
and direction in “Art and Architecture Cubism,
Futurism, Expressionism, Constructivism, and De
Stijl was fired by the belief that the Creative
techniques of the past had to be overturned”
(Ballantyne, 2004, p. 34). The Modern Movement
insisted upon the strictness of the Machine
Aesthetic. Also, insisted on the vision that was of
the universal design solutions, universal standards
of living, and universal aesthetic (Ballantyne,
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Mustafa Aziz Amen 24
2004). Historians such as Siegfried Giedion and
Nicolaus Pevsner came to this conclusion that
Modern architecture was the outcome of Mass
Production, World View (weltanschauung)
associated with industrial technology,
Methodological bias in making history, focus on
form and Material and Pay lip service to process
that generates them. (Lefaivre & Tzonis, 2004).
The Modern movement “explained against a
background of social, economic, technological,
and artistic changes, and these must be duly
acknowledged” (Ballantyne, 2004, p. 34). In the
first quarter of the twentieth-century schools
established and started to work in Europe, those
schools and establishments shared similar
principles united under the Modern Movement,
Bauhaus in Germany and Le Corbusier in France,
While De Stijl was working on similar principles in
Netherlands. Later, on 1928, CIAM Congrès
internationaux d'architecture modern worked to
spread the modern Movement principles
through working on landscape, urbanism, and
industrial design. “The second C.I.A.M
conference, held in Frankfurt in October 1929,
was hosted by May and focused exclusively on
the issue of housing” (Mallgrave, 2005). The era
formed a “highly provocative standards and
suggested the acceptable minimal housing
square demands” ( Lejeune & Sabatino, 2010, p.
69). New attitudes toward standardization in
housing and uses the module in the design to
achieve and provide the units to most of the
people all around the globe. Housing
advocates argued that low-cost construction
would best be served by the normalization and
the standardization of the existing production to
conserve the traditional systems of production.
4. Characteristics of Modern Movement:
1. The absence of the ornament (Figure 3)
(Ballantyne, 2004).
2. The Aesthetic Values based on creating
simple, straight Shapes and forms, the whole
Compositions stand on square forms, (Figure
4 ) (Pevsner, 1968).
3. Continuity of the space in all direction
(Benevolo, 1977) .
4. Modern materials interpreted as steel and
glass as well as Concrete Columns in their
design and flat white colors (Figure 5)
(Benevolo, 1977).
5. Functional design, especially in the
Housing fields (Figure, 6) (Pevsner, 1968).
Figure 3. photograph, taken by Ise Gropius in 1926, became
one of the most iconic images of the House Gropius after
the building’s destruction in 1945. (Pevsner, 1968).
Figure 4. Großsiedlung Siemensstadt 1929 Gropius.
(Pevsner, 1968).
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Mustafa Aziz Amen 25
Figure 5 . Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Weissenhof Housign
Project. (Pevsner, 1968).
Figure 6. Garrit Rietveld, Schr¨oder House, Utrecht, 1924–
5. (Pevsner, 1968).
5. Characteristics of Modern Housing
Architecture.
1. Prefabrication, there was a belief during the
nineteenth century in prefabrication where
the manufacture of buildings in basic form in
workshops for transport to and final assembly
on a remote building site developed from
modest beginnings into an industry of quite
substantial proportions (Lane, 2007).
2. Mass production spirit which was applicable
through the standardization of both the
technical and aesthetic sense with an
ongoing search for standard types. Le
Corbusier was a supporter of this idea as he
said (Lane, 2007).
3. Module or Prototypes for industrial
production (Benevolo, 1977).
4. Continues Space or the multiple uses of
completed plans (Benevolo, 1977).
Figure 7 . Ernst May and staff, Bruchfeldstrasse Housing
1926, The utopian ideas implied in modernist housing
can be seen even more clearly in Ernst May’s Siedlungen
in Frankfurt ,May’s emphasis on the centrality of the
community facility is clearly illustrated. (Lane, (2007).
6. Bauhaus role in Architecture.
The Bauhaus had a significant effect on
formalizing the body of the Modern Movement,
it is usually true to say that “The Modern
Movement was embodied, aesthetically and
pedagogically, when the Bauhaus moved to its
new building and syllabus at Dessau in 1926.
Within its irregular plan, glass curtain walls and
steel and reinforced concrete frame beat an
interdisciplinary heart so that all the departments
furniture, theater, architecture, textiles, and so on
– collaborated” (Ballantyne, 2004, p. 34). So in
this section, we will review the main features and
principles of the Bauhaus school.
6.1. Establishment of Bauhaus in German
Undoubtedly no other school in Germany was so
closely connected to the cultural, political and
socio-economic developments of the Weimer
Republic as the Bauhaus. The Bauhaus
established on the 1st April 1919 (Siebenbrodt &
Schobe, 2009). “Bauhaus based on the idea that
the term Bauhaus (literally, construction house)
invokes the metaphor of a medieval guild”
(Mallgrave, 2005, p. 249).Bauhaus object was to
“renovate art and architecture in line with other
similar efforts, from which it drew numerous ideas
for its work” (Siebenbrodt & Schobe, 2009).
Gropius saw the Bauhaus as a part of “reform
ideas typical of the time and as a new kind of
school, whose fundamental pedagogical
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Mustafa Aziz Amen 26
concept based on reform ideas (Siebenbrodt &
Schobe, 2009). Bauhaus founder Walter Gropius
affected by many people and schools in
Germany like Ruskin, Olbrich, Behrens,
(Darmstadt Artists’ Colony) and others in
Germany and The Dutch artists’ group De Stijl
which founded in 1917 with constructivist design
principles that were propagated in Weimar by
painter Theo van Doesburg. Walter Gropius
repeatedly emphasized that the Bauhaus
generate from the spirit of the Deutscher
Werkbund. Founded by Hermann Muthesius
(1861-1927) in Munich in 1907 as an association
of artists, architects, businesspeople and experts.
6.2. Bauhaus Workshops and Contributions
Bauhaus composed of many workshops and
departments that affected the different parts of
art and architecture with its principles. It was
possible to enter those workshops after the
successful accomplishment of the preparatory
course which was “necessary for acceptance
into one of the Bauhaus workshops”
(Siebenbrodt & Schobe, 2009, p. 39). There were
many workshops in the school to participate in
the field that it related. The main workshops in
Bauhaus were:
1. Pottery Workshop.
2. Stained Glass Painting Workshop.
3. Graphic Print Shop.
4. Typography/Printing and Advertising
Workshop.
5. Mural Painting Workshop.
6. Stone Sculpting and Woodcarving/Plastic
Workshop.
7. Weaving Workshop.
8. Carpentry/Furniture Workshop
9. Metal Workshop
10. Metal Workshop.
11. Architecture/Building Studies Building
Department.
12. Photography/Photo Workshop.
6.3. Bauhaus Philosophy and Principles
1. Reunification of all artistic principles in the
building, in combination with manual trades and
workshop as educational fundamentals, were
the focal point of its aims and objectives
(Siebenbrodt & Schobe, 2009) (Figure 8).
2. Deny the History and create a modern
architecture without concern for location or
history (Siebenbrodt & Schobe, 2009).
3. Abstract shapes stand on square and
rectangles that include all items used in the field
of art in architecture (Siebenbrodt & Schobe,
2009).
4. The module in Mass production, in
housing and town planning (Pevsner, 1968)
(Figure 9).
5. New Technology and Material, Especially
the glass and Steel with Flat Concrete planes
(Siebenbrodt & Schobe, 2009).
6. White colors for the Architecture as the
main colors (Craig, 1999).
7. Open plan and Flowing Space in the plan
(Craig, 1999).
8. Standardization of the Elements used in
the architecture and furniture Design. These
were of standard design, but with modifications
from year to year, and were constructed of
reinforced concrete and cinder blocks (Figure
10) (Lane, 2007, p. 243).
Figure 8. Walter Gropius, Masters’ houses in Dessau,
1925/26, condition in 2005.
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Mustafa Aziz Amen 27
Figure 9. Walter Gropius and the Bauhaus, mass-
produced houses at Siedlung Törten-Dessau.
Figure 10. Hannes Meyer, Syndicate school of the
ADGB in Bernau, aerial view by Junkers, 1928-30.
7. The Case Study
In this section we will focus on modern
movement effects on the North Cyprus and in
particular on the Nicosia city, as a case study, we
selected the Efruz Mass Houses or Müdüroğlu
designed by Ahmet Vural Behaeddin in between
the 60th and 70th of the last Century.
7.1.History of “the Case Study
Efruz House,(Figure 11), “constructed in 1970 at
Kumsal Quarter in Nicosia by Ahmet Vural
Behaeddin, who was well known Turkish Cypriot
architect in the island” (Esentepe, 2013, p. 76).
Efruz project designed for “high-income
households who has high-quality life standards”
(Esentepe, 2013, p. 76). The whole project of a
housing composed of are two-story row houses
with three diverse design organization, the
project designed on 10000 m2 (1 Hectare)2, with
34 units, the units area varies between 250 m2 to
300 m2.
Figure 11. Efruz Massing housing in Nicosia Source
(Image by Author from CartoDB GIS system)
7.2. Analysis of the Projects.
The Efruz housing impression indicate that the
modernism imprint and the Bauhaus
principles adopted by the architect with the
urban and the stand alone units. The project
is just 1450 m3 away from the old walled city,
Ahmet Vural adopted straight and sharp line
in his design to reflect the soul and insert the
impression of the modern age, the straight
space stand on the modernism philosophy of
space as it was the main element that
combined all the units around it in a direct
way. Most of the units directed to the north
(Figure 12), so it will be possible to open a
large enough terrace to the south (Figure 13).
The terraces are an enormous function in the
daily life of the Cypriote people as they
normally gather there to spend their evening.
Some units oriented to the east therefore
those units dealt with in a different way. The
designer used some other manipulation like
a natural stone for the east and closed the
west elevation keeping some small windows
or shutters for ventilation.
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Mustafa Aziz Amen 28
Figure 12. Efruz Mass House, Orientation toward North
(Image by Author from CartoDB GIS system).
Figure 13. Terraces of Efruz Houses oriented to the south
(Esentepe, 2013).
7.3. Analysis of the Bauhaus Principles in the
Project
7.3.1Space
Ahmet Vural used the continuous space in
the internal design of Efruz units; there is a
reflection of the (Open Plan) adopted from
Bauhaus principles in the design, in his design
for Efruz mass House he adopted three house
types. All types shared a common
characteristic which was the open plan and
connection between the living and dining
from one side and the kitchen with the
entrance from the other side. In the (Figure
14, 15 and 16) we could see clearly the clear
strategy plan between the different parts of
the house. The compound of Efruz contains
more than three different design that has a
direct message for the open plan and the
continuous space. In Macit Ferdi house 1961
(Figure 17), Bahhadin adopted the same
philosophy for the open space and
accepted the same principle although the
project was private and the site was
accessible from all sides. Apparently, there is
a sharp insistence on combining some space
together then connect the group of the
spaces by third space so that kind of mixing
will achieve the maximum flexibility.
Figure 14. Efruz House Type 1 Open Plan (Esentepe,
2013).
Figure 15. Efruz House Type 2, Open Plan (Drawing by
Author).
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Mustafa Aziz Amen 29
Figure 16. Efruz House Type3, Open Plan (Esentepe,
2013).
Figure 17. Macit Ferdi House, Open Plan (D.Celik,
without date).
7.3.2. Form
Although Efruz house built in an area that is
very close to the old city of Nicosia, which is
rich in a unique history and full of architecture
(Figure18) . Efruz house, designed
according to the Modernism philosophy of
denying the history and adopted Bauhaus
philosophy in using simple square shapes to
compose and generate the final form. The
design is clean from ornament and
decoration in all its features. Square used for
creating the ornament parts in the project as
it appears in the (Figure 19)
Figure 18. Decoration in Walled City of Nicosia (Image
by Author, 2016).
Figure 19. The Clean, abstract and White surfaces for
Efruz Housing (Image by Author, 2016).
7.3.4 Orientation
Ahmet Vural affected by Walter Gropius
work of mass-produced houses at Siedlung
Törten-Dessau where all the units created
with the same module and oriented to the
south by Gropius to create the maximum
functionality and how to get the best from
the sunlight. In Efruz, Ahmet Vural went one
step more when he decided to design each
elevation in a different way to reflect the
direction of the oriented elevation. All the
units oriented toward the north, but the
architect created balconies and open area
in the south orientation so the family could
spend their time in that part of the house and
enjoy their time in the winter while avoiding
the direct sunlight in summer. The
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Mustafa Aziz Amen 30
manipulation of the elevation is very clear in
the (Figure 20, 21, 22 and 23), where Vural
designed each elevation according to the
sun direction, terraces to the west and the
open windows to the east while he almost
close the west elevations with white
plastered walls.
Figure 20. North Elevation of Efrus House (Image by
Author, 2016)
Figure 21. West Elevation of Efrus House (Image by
Author, 2016).
Figure 22. East Elevation of Efrus House (Image by Author,
2016).
Figure 23. South Elevation Efrus House (Image by Author,
2016).
7.3.5. Colors and Materials
The Bauhaus principles is evident in Ahmet Vural
work. the whole project colored in the white
colors (Bauhaus style) and used the concrete as
the main structure for the mass units as a
reflection of the modernism in the project. there
were some local materials utilized by the
architect in the elevation (Figure 24) and (Figure
25), also he used the brick tiles on the pitched
roof. The same principles had adopted by
Ahmet Vural in 1961 when he designed Macit
house in Nicosia (Figure 26) and (Figure (27).
Figure 24. Details of Efrus House (Image by Author, 2016)
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Mustafa Aziz Amen 31
Figure 25. Efrus House (Image by Author, 2016)
Figure 26. Ferdi Macit House MACIT FERDI HOUSE,
NICOSIA 1961 ( D.Celik,without date).
Figure 27. Ferdi Macit House MACIT FERDI HOUSE,
NICOSIA 1961 (D.Celik,without date).
7.3.6 Module, Prefabrication and
Standardization
There are four types of the housing in the project,
the reason behind that stand on the idea that
the project has designed for the wealthy or hi
income people and not for the low income as
the philosophy adopted by Bauhaus school.
Same reason prevented the use of the
prefabrication in the project, all this lead to the
idea that the project was not with the main
compatibility with the Bauhaus principles within
this point.
8. Conclusion
There is the influence of Bauhaus principles in the
Ahmet Vural work in Efruz housing; some
principles were totally adopted and followed the
open plan policy and orientation with function
while some like Module and standardization
were not accepted because of other local
effects and factors. Although Cyprus is replete
with rich heritage with the prominence of the old
walled city of Nicosia, Ahmet Vural denied the
whole history of the town in his designs keeping
white abstract wall instead of the wealthy and
dynamic influence of the old town. Vural type
stand on creating two group of spaces then
connect those group with third space as it is
shown in the (Figure 26).
Figure 28. Ahmet Vural prototype that existed in Efruz
housing and Macit Ferdi house. (Developed by Author).
The result from Table (1) shows that Ahmet
Vural accepted the different principles of the
Modernism as it cited by Bauhaus except the
Module and standardization which might
behave count achieved according to some
social reason.
Table 1. Comparison between Bauahus and Ahmet
Vural work (Developed by Author).
Acknowledgments
This research did not receive any specific
grant from funding agencies in the public,
commercial, or non-for-profit sectors.
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Mustafa Aziz Amen 32
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