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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | Jul 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 742
The Impact of Data as a Service on Web Personalization and User
Experience
N Yashashwini1, Vishvanath A G2
1Student, Dept. of MCA, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
2Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - This study investigates how user experience and
online personalization are affected by Data as a Service. Web
personalization has drawn a lot of attention to provide
consumers with specialized content and experiences because
to the availability of rich and thorough data. Organizations
can improve their knowledge of user preferences, activities,
and demographics by utilizing Data as a Service. This study
investigates how user engagement, satisfaction, and
conversion rates can be raised by using data into web
personalization methods. Additionally, itcoversthedifficulties
and issues with privacy, data security, and the moral
ramifications of using data for web personalization.
Key Words: Data as aService,Webpersonalization,User
experience, Data-driven personalization, Customer
insights, Personalized recommendations, Data analytics,
Customer segmentation, Target marketing.
1. INTRODUCTION
By offering insightful data and information, Data asa Service
(DaaS) has revolutionized web personalization and
improved user experiences. DaaS enables companies to
customize their online interactions with customers in real
time by utilizing extensive data sets from business
intelligence leader.
Businesses can acquire a thorough insight of the interests,
behaviors, and needs of their consumers by incorporating
data into their online personalization initiatives. This
information includes a wide range of elements, including
industry, business size, financial stability, and past
purchases. With the use of these information,companiescan
provide customers highly personalized experiences,
recommendations, and content that is highly targeted.
Businesses can acquire a thorough insight of the interests,
behaviors, and needs of their consumers by incorporating
data into their online personalization initiatives. This
information includes a wide range of elements, including
industry, business size, financial stability, and past
purchases. With the use of these information,companiescan
provide customers highly personalized experiences,
recommendations, and content that is highly targeted.
1.1 Integration methods and APIs for web
personalization
In order to use Data as a Service effectively for web
personalization, integration techniques and APIs are
essential. offers a variety of APIs and integration techniques
that make it simple to access their data for customized web
experiences.
RESTful APIs, which enable developers toaccess data from's
database in real-time, are one popular integrationtechnique.
Endpoints for various data inquiries, including those for
corporate information, firmographics, financial data, and
more, are provided through these APIs. Organizations can
dynamically retrieve and use data to tailor user experiences
by integrating these APIs into their web apps or content
management systems.
Software development kits (SDKs) and libraries, which offer
pre-built features and code snippets for simpler integration
with current systems. These SDKs frequently come with
utilities and wrappers that make it easier to retrieve and
process data, freeing up developers' time to build unique
features.
Overall,theseintegrationtechniquesandAPIsmadeavailable
to make it easier for their data to be seamlessly integrated
into web personalization systems, enablingbusinessestouse
real-time and accurate information to offer users of their
websites customized content, recommendations, and
experiences.
2. Impact on Web Personalization
Web personalization is significantly impacted by Data as a
Service integration. Organizations may improve their
segmentation and targeting, give tailored content,
recommendations, and experiences by making use of 's
thorough andaccuratedata.Usersexperiencehigherlevelsof
relevance, engagement, and pleasure as a result. Dynamic
content distribution, real-time personalization, and
predictive analytics are made possible by the utilization of
data, leading to more successful online personalization
strategies that increase conversion rates, customer loyalty,
and long-term commercial results.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | Jul 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 743
2.1 Customized user experiences based on
firmographic data
Fig-1: Firmographic data
Based on organizational details and user preferences,
firmographic data produces customized user experiences.It
provides material and suggestions that are in line with
factors like firm size, sector, location, and more. As a result,
the relationship between the business and its target market
is strengthened and engagement and conversions are
increased.
2.2 Dynamic content delivery and
recommendations
Delivery of dynamic content and recommendations employ
Data as a Service's real-time data to give users with tailored
and pertinent content. Organizations can dynamically adapt
and deliver content, product recommendations,andoffersin
real-time, optimizing user engagementandconversionrates,
by continuously evaluating user behavior, preferences, and
firmographic data.
2.3 Better customer engagement and satisfaction
Organizations can provide users with individualized and
pertinent experiences by utilizing Data as a Service for web
personalization. Users receive material, recommendations,
and interactions that are in line with their requirementsand
preferences, which improves customer engagement and
happiness. The personalized interactions build a sense of
belonging and value, raising total client happiness.
2.4 A/B testing and optimization with data
Fig-2: A/B Testing
Organizations can compare several versionsoftheirwebsite
or content using A/B testing and optimization with data to
see which performs better in terms of user engagement and
conversion rates. Organizations can test firmographically
tailored experiences based on A/B testing using data, hone
their tactics, and maximize online personalizationinitiatives
for better outcomes.
3. Enhancing User Experience
Organizations can improve user experience by delivering
personalized and pertinent content, recommendations, and
interactions by utilizing Data as a Service. Organizationscan
customize their website experiences depending on user
preferences and organizational connections if they have
access to accurate and current firmographic data. This
promotes long-term loyalty and retention by improving
relevance, lowering friction in user journeys, increasing
engagement, and overall customer happiness.
3.1 Improved relevance and accuracy of content
By providing up-to-date and precise firmographic data, the
integration of Data as a Service enhances the relevance and
correctness of content. As a result, businesses may serve
information that is in line with user preferences and
organizational specifics, providing users with a more
specialized and focused experience.
3.2 Streamlined userjourneysandreducedfriction
Organizations may create personalized experiences while
streamlining user journeys by utilizing Data as a Service.
Firmographic data may help firms provide focused content,
interactions, and recommendations that lead customers
through a smooth and customized experience with fewer
roadblocks and higher user satisfaction.
4. Case studies and examples
4.1 E-commerce Retailer
Data as a Service was incorporated by an online retailer into
their web personalization plan. They individualizedproduct
recommendations and created promotions for each
consumer by utilizing firmographic information like
company size, industry, and location.Theysawa largerise in
conversion rates and customer satisfaction as a result, and
visitors found the website to be more interesting and
relevant.
4.2 B2B Software Provider
Fig-3: B2B-Software Provider
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | Jul 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 744
Data as a Service was utilized by a B2B software supplier to
improve user experience. In order to tailor the onboarding
procedure and product demonstrations to each prospect's
industry, revenue, andcompanysize,theyusedfirmographic
data. Users felt that the software solutionsuitedtheirunique
business demands, which led to shorter sales cycles, greater
conversion rates, and higher customer retention.
4.3 Financial Services Firm
To improve its web personalization efforts, a financial
services company adopted Data as a Service. Based on the
industry, company size, and location of each user, they
offered tailored content and recommendations about
financial planning, investment possibilities, and risk
management. This strategyenhancedcustomerpleasureand
engagement, which led to longer visits to the website,higher
click-through rates, and a rise in requests for financial
services.
5. Future Scope
Enhanced personalization:
Data can be used to create more detailed user profiles,
allowing organizations to understand their users' business
needs, industry preferences, company size, financial
information, and more. This data can be leveraged to
personalize web experiences with relevant content,product
recommendations, and targeted offers, leading to higher
engagement and conversion rates.
Real-time updates:
Data is regularly updated, ensuring that organizations have
access to the most accurate and current information. This
real-time data can be used to dynamically adjust web
personalization strategies,ensuringthatusersarepresented
with the most relevant and up-to-date content.
Improved lead generation and sales opportunities:
By leveraging 's data, organizations can identify potential
customers or business partners based on specific criteria,
such as industry, company size, or location. This can lead to
more effective leadgenerationefforts,allowingbusinessesto
target the right audience with personalized messages and
offers, ultimately driving sales and business growth.
Competitive advantage:
Extensive business data can provide valuable insights into
market trends, competitor analysis, and industry
benchmarks. By integrating this data into web
personalization strategies, organizations can gain a
competitive edge by delivering unique and relevant
experiences that differentiate them from their competitors.
6. CONCLUSIONS
The incorporation of Data as a Service (DaaS) into web
personalization techniques has the potential todramatically
improve the effectiveness of online interactions and have a
positive impact on user experience. Organizationsmaybuild
more individualized web experiences by utilizing 's
comprehensive business data, providing pertinent content,
suggestions, and offers to individual users based on their
unique needs and preferences. This may resultinbetterlead
creation and sales prospects as well as greater user
engagement and conversion rates. Web personalization
methods are also kept current and correctthankstothereal-
time changes offered by 's data. Businesses can get a
competitive edge by differentiating themselves from their
rivals by providing distinctive and personalizedexperiences
by utilizing this plethora of information. However, it is
essential that businesses follow ethical guidelines and
guarantee the authenticity and attribution of the
personalized content they give. Web personalization
initiatives that incorporate Data as a Service can
unquestionably improve user experiences and produce
beneficial results for organizations.
Increased engagement, happiness, and loyalty are fostered
by this individualized user experience, which boosts
conversions and user retention.
Businesses may access and use a variety of datasets for
sophisticated personalization strategies thanks to DaaS,
which enables the smooth integration of numerous data
sources.
While DaaS has many advantages, issues with data privacy,
security, and quality must be resolved in order to maintain
user confidence and compliance with data laws. Overall,
DaaS has enormous potential to transform web
personalization and raise user experience to entirely new
levels.
REFERENCES
[1] L. A. Zadeh, T. T. Truong, and A. Cuzzocrea, "A Survey of
Web Personalization Techniques", 2020.
[2] Rania M. Alghamdi and Sahar M. Ghanem, "Data as a
Service for Personalization: A Survey", 2019.
[3] Guanliang Chen, Xin Sun, and ShuiguangDeng,"Data asa
Service for User Experience: Challenges and
Opportunities", 2019.
[4] X. Zhang, H. Liu, and L. Wang, "Data as a Service for
Personalized User Experience in E-commerce", 2020.
[5] K. R. Ananthapadmanabhan, P. S. Krishnan, and N. V.
Sundaresan, "Data as a Service for Context-Aware User
Experience in Smart Environments", 2020.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | Jul 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 745
[6] Ali Zaidan, Raed Alsaqour, andWael Al-Omari,“Data asa
Service (DaaS) Architecture for Personalized
Recommendation”, 2016.
[7] Huimin Lu, Weimin Zheng, and Xiaokang Yang,
"Personalization as a Service: A Framework for Web
Intelligence-Based Personalized Systems", 2012.
[8] Kostas Stefanidis, Ilias Chrysotherakis, and Vassilis
Christophides, "Data as a Service for Personalization in
Social Networking", 2013.
[9] Muhammad Tanvir Afzal, Muhammad Abdullah, and
Thomas Kannampallil, and Yi-Min Wang,
"Personalization as a Service: A Framework for Web-
Based Personalized Learning", 2018.
[10] Seonho Choi and Eun-YoungPark,"Data asa Service
(DaaS) for Personalized Health Information
Systems",2019.
[11] Suppawong Tuarob, Ryen W. White, and Yi-Min
Wang, "Data as a Service (DaaS) for Personalized Web
Search", 2012.
[12] Ahmed, M. E., Omara, F. A., & Shaker, H, "Improving
user experience of mobile applications using data-as-a-
service model", 2017.
[13] Villegas-Ch, A., Peña, A. J. H., Hidalgo-Carvajal, A., &
de Paz, J. F, "Evaluating the user experience of a data-as-
a-service platform for IoT devices", 2019.
[14] Garcia-Holgado, A., Hernandez-Garcia, Á., Garcia-
Sanchez, F., Kim, T. H., & Kim, H. J, "A dynamic data-as-a-
service-based recommender system for web
personalization", 2019.
[15] Puzis, R., & Shoval, P, "User profiling for web
personalization via data-as-a-service", 2019.

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The Impact of Data as a Service on Web Personalization and User Experience

  • 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | Jul 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 742 The Impact of Data as a Service on Web Personalization and User Experience N Yashashwini1, Vishvanath A G2 1Student, Dept. of MCA, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of MCA, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - This study investigates how user experience and online personalization are affected by Data as a Service. Web personalization has drawn a lot of attention to provide consumers with specialized content and experiences because to the availability of rich and thorough data. Organizations can improve their knowledge of user preferences, activities, and demographics by utilizing Data as a Service. This study investigates how user engagement, satisfaction, and conversion rates can be raised by using data into web personalization methods. Additionally, itcoversthedifficulties and issues with privacy, data security, and the moral ramifications of using data for web personalization. Key Words: Data as aService,Webpersonalization,User experience, Data-driven personalization, Customer insights, Personalized recommendations, Data analytics, Customer segmentation, Target marketing. 1. INTRODUCTION By offering insightful data and information, Data asa Service (DaaS) has revolutionized web personalization and improved user experiences. DaaS enables companies to customize their online interactions with customers in real time by utilizing extensive data sets from business intelligence leader. Businesses can acquire a thorough insight of the interests, behaviors, and needs of their consumers by incorporating data into their online personalization initiatives. This information includes a wide range of elements, including industry, business size, financial stability, and past purchases. With the use of these information,companiescan provide customers highly personalized experiences, recommendations, and content that is highly targeted. Businesses can acquire a thorough insight of the interests, behaviors, and needs of their consumers by incorporating data into their online personalization initiatives. This information includes a wide range of elements, including industry, business size, financial stability, and past purchases. With the use of these information,companiescan provide customers highly personalized experiences, recommendations, and content that is highly targeted. 1.1 Integration methods and APIs for web personalization In order to use Data as a Service effectively for web personalization, integration techniques and APIs are essential. offers a variety of APIs and integration techniques that make it simple to access their data for customized web experiences. RESTful APIs, which enable developers toaccess data from's database in real-time, are one popular integrationtechnique. Endpoints for various data inquiries, including those for corporate information, firmographics, financial data, and more, are provided through these APIs. Organizations can dynamically retrieve and use data to tailor user experiences by integrating these APIs into their web apps or content management systems. Software development kits (SDKs) and libraries, which offer pre-built features and code snippets for simpler integration with current systems. These SDKs frequently come with utilities and wrappers that make it easier to retrieve and process data, freeing up developers' time to build unique features. Overall,theseintegrationtechniquesandAPIsmadeavailable to make it easier for their data to be seamlessly integrated into web personalization systems, enablingbusinessestouse real-time and accurate information to offer users of their websites customized content, recommendations, and experiences. 2. Impact on Web Personalization Web personalization is significantly impacted by Data as a Service integration. Organizations may improve their segmentation and targeting, give tailored content, recommendations, and experiences by making use of 's thorough andaccuratedata.Usersexperiencehigherlevelsof relevance, engagement, and pleasure as a result. Dynamic content distribution, real-time personalization, and predictive analytics are made possible by the utilization of data, leading to more successful online personalization strategies that increase conversion rates, customer loyalty, and long-term commercial results.
  • 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | Jul 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 743 2.1 Customized user experiences based on firmographic data Fig-1: Firmographic data Based on organizational details and user preferences, firmographic data produces customized user experiences.It provides material and suggestions that are in line with factors like firm size, sector, location, and more. As a result, the relationship between the business and its target market is strengthened and engagement and conversions are increased. 2.2 Dynamic content delivery and recommendations Delivery of dynamic content and recommendations employ Data as a Service's real-time data to give users with tailored and pertinent content. Organizations can dynamically adapt and deliver content, product recommendations,andoffersin real-time, optimizing user engagementandconversionrates, by continuously evaluating user behavior, preferences, and firmographic data. 2.3 Better customer engagement and satisfaction Organizations can provide users with individualized and pertinent experiences by utilizing Data as a Service for web personalization. Users receive material, recommendations, and interactions that are in line with their requirementsand preferences, which improves customer engagement and happiness. The personalized interactions build a sense of belonging and value, raising total client happiness. 2.4 A/B testing and optimization with data Fig-2: A/B Testing Organizations can compare several versionsoftheirwebsite or content using A/B testing and optimization with data to see which performs better in terms of user engagement and conversion rates. Organizations can test firmographically tailored experiences based on A/B testing using data, hone their tactics, and maximize online personalizationinitiatives for better outcomes. 3. Enhancing User Experience Organizations can improve user experience by delivering personalized and pertinent content, recommendations, and interactions by utilizing Data as a Service. Organizationscan customize their website experiences depending on user preferences and organizational connections if they have access to accurate and current firmographic data. This promotes long-term loyalty and retention by improving relevance, lowering friction in user journeys, increasing engagement, and overall customer happiness. 3.1 Improved relevance and accuracy of content By providing up-to-date and precise firmographic data, the integration of Data as a Service enhances the relevance and correctness of content. As a result, businesses may serve information that is in line with user preferences and organizational specifics, providing users with a more specialized and focused experience. 3.2 Streamlined userjourneysandreducedfriction Organizations may create personalized experiences while streamlining user journeys by utilizing Data as a Service. Firmographic data may help firms provide focused content, interactions, and recommendations that lead customers through a smooth and customized experience with fewer roadblocks and higher user satisfaction. 4. Case studies and examples 4.1 E-commerce Retailer Data as a Service was incorporated by an online retailer into their web personalization plan. They individualizedproduct recommendations and created promotions for each consumer by utilizing firmographic information like company size, industry, and location.Theysawa largerise in conversion rates and customer satisfaction as a result, and visitors found the website to be more interesting and relevant. 4.2 B2B Software Provider Fig-3: B2B-Software Provider
  • 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | Jul 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 744 Data as a Service was utilized by a B2B software supplier to improve user experience. In order to tailor the onboarding procedure and product demonstrations to each prospect's industry, revenue, andcompanysize,theyusedfirmographic data. Users felt that the software solutionsuitedtheirunique business demands, which led to shorter sales cycles, greater conversion rates, and higher customer retention. 4.3 Financial Services Firm To improve its web personalization efforts, a financial services company adopted Data as a Service. Based on the industry, company size, and location of each user, they offered tailored content and recommendations about financial planning, investment possibilities, and risk management. This strategyenhancedcustomerpleasureand engagement, which led to longer visits to the website,higher click-through rates, and a rise in requests for financial services. 5. Future Scope Enhanced personalization: Data can be used to create more detailed user profiles, allowing organizations to understand their users' business needs, industry preferences, company size, financial information, and more. This data can be leveraged to personalize web experiences with relevant content,product recommendations, and targeted offers, leading to higher engagement and conversion rates. Real-time updates: Data is regularly updated, ensuring that organizations have access to the most accurate and current information. This real-time data can be used to dynamically adjust web personalization strategies,ensuringthatusersarepresented with the most relevant and up-to-date content. Improved lead generation and sales opportunities: By leveraging 's data, organizations can identify potential customers or business partners based on specific criteria, such as industry, company size, or location. This can lead to more effective leadgenerationefforts,allowingbusinessesto target the right audience with personalized messages and offers, ultimately driving sales and business growth. Competitive advantage: Extensive business data can provide valuable insights into market trends, competitor analysis, and industry benchmarks. By integrating this data into web personalization strategies, organizations can gain a competitive edge by delivering unique and relevant experiences that differentiate them from their competitors. 6. CONCLUSIONS The incorporation of Data as a Service (DaaS) into web personalization techniques has the potential todramatically improve the effectiveness of online interactions and have a positive impact on user experience. Organizationsmaybuild more individualized web experiences by utilizing 's comprehensive business data, providing pertinent content, suggestions, and offers to individual users based on their unique needs and preferences. This may resultinbetterlead creation and sales prospects as well as greater user engagement and conversion rates. Web personalization methods are also kept current and correctthankstothereal- time changes offered by 's data. Businesses can get a competitive edge by differentiating themselves from their rivals by providing distinctive and personalizedexperiences by utilizing this plethora of information. However, it is essential that businesses follow ethical guidelines and guarantee the authenticity and attribution of the personalized content they give. Web personalization initiatives that incorporate Data as a Service can unquestionably improve user experiences and produce beneficial results for organizations. Increased engagement, happiness, and loyalty are fostered by this individualized user experience, which boosts conversions and user retention. Businesses may access and use a variety of datasets for sophisticated personalization strategies thanks to DaaS, which enables the smooth integration of numerous data sources. While DaaS has many advantages, issues with data privacy, security, and quality must be resolved in order to maintain user confidence and compliance with data laws. Overall, DaaS has enormous potential to transform web personalization and raise user experience to entirely new levels. REFERENCES [1] L. A. Zadeh, T. T. Truong, and A. Cuzzocrea, "A Survey of Web Personalization Techniques", 2020. [2] Rania M. Alghamdi and Sahar M. Ghanem, "Data as a Service for Personalization: A Survey", 2019. [3] Guanliang Chen, Xin Sun, and ShuiguangDeng,"Data asa Service for User Experience: Challenges and Opportunities", 2019. [4] X. Zhang, H. Liu, and L. Wang, "Data as a Service for Personalized User Experience in E-commerce", 2020. [5] K. R. Ananthapadmanabhan, P. S. Krishnan, and N. V. Sundaresan, "Data as a Service for Context-Aware User Experience in Smart Environments", 2020.
  • 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 10 Issue: 07 | Jul 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 745 [6] Ali Zaidan, Raed Alsaqour, andWael Al-Omari,“Data asa Service (DaaS) Architecture for Personalized Recommendation”, 2016. [7] Huimin Lu, Weimin Zheng, and Xiaokang Yang, "Personalization as a Service: A Framework for Web Intelligence-Based Personalized Systems", 2012. [8] Kostas Stefanidis, Ilias Chrysotherakis, and Vassilis Christophides, "Data as a Service for Personalization in Social Networking", 2013. [9] Muhammad Tanvir Afzal, Muhammad Abdullah, and Thomas Kannampallil, and Yi-Min Wang, "Personalization as a Service: A Framework for Web- Based Personalized Learning", 2018. [10] Seonho Choi and Eun-YoungPark,"Data asa Service (DaaS) for Personalized Health Information Systems",2019. [11] Suppawong Tuarob, Ryen W. White, and Yi-Min Wang, "Data as a Service (DaaS) for Personalized Web Search", 2012. [12] Ahmed, M. E., Omara, F. A., & Shaker, H, "Improving user experience of mobile applications using data-as-a- service model", 2017. [13] Villegas-Ch, A., Peña, A. J. H., Hidalgo-Carvajal, A., & de Paz, J. F, "Evaluating the user experience of a data-as- a-service platform for IoT devices", 2019. [14] Garcia-Holgado, A., Hernandez-Garcia, Á., Garcia- Sanchez, F., Kim, T. H., & Kim, H. J, "A dynamic data-as-a- service-based recommender system for web personalization", 2019. [15] Puzis, R., & Shoval, P, "User profiling for web personalization via data-as-a-service", 2019.