Chapter 5 of 'English Language Teaching in Saudi Arabia' discusses two primary methods: the Grammar Translation Method and the Direct Method. The Grammar Translation Method focuses on grammar rules and accuracy, emphasizing reading and writing, but neglects oral skills, while the Direct Method prioritizes speech and real-life vocabulary at the expense of reading and writing skills. Each method has its advantages and shortcomings, highlighting the challenges of language teaching.

1. The Grammar Translation
Method and The Direct
Method
A summary of Chapter 5
Book: English Language Teaching in Saudi Arabia: An Introduction
By
Prof. Yousif Alsumaimeri

2. The Grammar Translation Method
The grammar translation method:
The grammar translation method is also known as the old,
classical and traditional method.
It is a way of studying a language through detailed analysis
of its grammar rules.
The focus on reading and writing.
Accuracy is emphasized at the expence of fluency.
The student’s first language is the medium of the
instruction.

3. The Grammar Translation Method
Advantages:
It is considered the easiest method for teachers to use.
It does not require teachers to be competent in the foreign
language.
Teachers use the textbook only.
It also does not require good preparation for lessons.

4. The Grammar Translation Method
Shortcomings:
It neglects oral skills ( speaking and listening).
The student’s first language is over- used.
Pronunciation is not given attention.
Too much emphasis is given to accuracy at the expense of fluency.
There is an overemphasis on memorizing grammatical rules.

5. The Direct Method
The key features of the Direct method are:
Speech has priority over other language skills.
Teaching reading and Writing is postponed.
Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught.
L1 should not be used while teaching.
Grammatical rules are not taught.

6. The Direct Method
Advantages:
The Direct Method is one of the first methods to introduce the
teaching of vocabulary through reality.
It is a natural method that teaches language in the same way the
mother tongue is acquired.

7. The Direct Method
Shortcomings :
It neglects reading and writing( the written skills).
The avoidance of using L1 may lead to time-wasting.
The Direct Method failed to provide an adequate way to grade and
structure the materials presented to the learners.

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