This brochure is a first attempt to demonstrate what has been
achieved by transnational cooperation between transport projects in the Baltic Sea Region during the funding period 2007-2013. This brochures makes the results of each of the eight projects presented available for a wider group of stakeholders.
Strong in unity, the projects address the macro-regional perspective of transport challenges and solutions towards decision and policy makers. Furthermore, work done by the
cluster consortium will be further coordinated with national ministries.
This presentations provides an overview of Interreg Baltic Sea Region.
Interreg Baltic Sea Region is an EU funding Programme that facilitates transnational cooperation in the region. Partners from countries around the Baltic Sea work together in transnational projects to address common key challenges and opportunities. The funding is mainly directed at public authorities, research and training institutions, NGOs, sectoral agencies & associations and enterprises.
Presentation on Reflections on Coordinating a Successful H2020 Application, Prof. Kevin McGuigan, RCSI, given at Session 2 at EPA H2020 SC5 Info Day 7.10.16
Presentation on Horizon 2020 Societal Challenge 5 "Climate action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials" 2017 calls given by Alison Imrie, EC DG Research and Innovation at Session 2 at EPA H2020 SC5 Info Day 7.10.16
This brochure is a first attempt to demonstrate what has been
achieved by transnational cooperation between transport projects in the Baltic Sea Region during the funding period 2007-2013. This brochures makes the results of each of the eight projects presented available for a wider group of stakeholders.
Strong in unity, the projects address the macro-regional perspective of transport challenges and solutions towards decision and policy makers. Furthermore, work done by the
cluster consortium will be further coordinated with national ministries.
This presentations provides an overview of Interreg Baltic Sea Region.
Interreg Baltic Sea Region is an EU funding Programme that facilitates transnational cooperation in the region. Partners from countries around the Baltic Sea work together in transnational projects to address common key challenges and opportunities. The funding is mainly directed at public authorities, research and training institutions, NGOs, sectoral agencies & associations and enterprises.
Presentation on Reflections on Coordinating a Successful H2020 Application, Prof. Kevin McGuigan, RCSI, given at Session 2 at EPA H2020 SC5 Info Day 7.10.16
Presentation on Horizon 2020 Societal Challenge 5 "Climate action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials" 2017 calls given by Alison Imrie, EC DG Research and Innovation at Session 2 at EPA H2020 SC5 Info Day 7.10.16
Environmental fiscal reform and the proposed carbon tax Tristan Wiggill
A presentation by Mr Cecil Morden (Chief Director: Economic Tax Analysis: National Treasury), at the Transport Forum SIG: "Sustainable Transport" on 6 August 2015 hosted by University of Johannesburg's Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies (Africa), or ITLS (Africa). The theme of the presentation was: "Environmental Fiscal Reform and the proposed Carbon Tax".
Green Vehicles: State of Play and Future OutlookLeonardo ENERGY
Despite substantial progress over the past years, road transport still remains one of the most energy-consuming (30% of total EU consumption) and the highest contributor to pollutant emissions in Europe. As a complement to emission legislation, the EU has set out a strategy for encouraging the development and uptake of green vehicles which have a much lower environmental impact throughout their lifecycles.
This comprehensive strategy was laid down in a 2010 Communication entitled “European strategy on clean and energy efficient vehicles” which identified the main actions to be taken by the European Commission (EC) including regulatory initiatives, support to research & innovation or consumer information measures. Over the years, the identified actions have gradually been implemented and completed by the EC and the 2010 strategy updated.
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector –Successful nationa...Leonardo ENERGY
A 100-word narrative abstract. Keep short and concise, this text will be used on the registration landing page and the invitation email.
How can countries reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector? The shift to a future compatible with the targets of the Paris agreement will require effective policies to address this sore spot of climate policy. This webinar will discuss the characteristics of the transport sector and present two successful examples of national transport policy instruments: The Norwegian policy mix to incentivize e-mobility adoption and the French Bonus Malus system. The policy instruments were analysed as part of the project Bridging European and Local Climate Action (BEACON) sponsored by the German Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU).
Energy Efficiency: A strategy at the heart of the G20Leonardo ENERGY
In November 2014, the G20 countries representing 80% of the World GDP, the World Energy Consumption and GHG emisions, launched the G20 Energy Efficiency Action Plan.
The Action Plan comprises a series of 6 concrete international collaboration on EE in buildings, networked devices, industry, power sector, transport and finance. In 2016 under the Chinese G20 Presidency, the collaboration on energy efficiency is being consolidated.
The Webinar will explain the latest achievements of the G20 Collaboration on energy efficiency. Each work stream generate outcomes, recommendations, principles that G20 Countries are invited to adopt.
BCO221 GLOBAL ECONOMICS – Task brief & rubricsTask briefDescri.docxgarnerangelika
BCO221 GLOBAL ECONOMICS – Task brief & rubrics
Task brief
Description:
· Individual task.
· First, answer the following two questions (60%) Then, write a report (40%).
Questions (60%)
Question 1 (30%). Explain the Bretton Woods system. You should refer to:
· As a result of the Bretton Woods system, what happened with the exchange rates? Was it fixed? Was it floating? (10p)
· Why did the Bretton Woods system collapse? (10p)
· Would be such a system feasible nowadays?
Question 2 (30%). With reference to real world examples assess the pros and cons of different exchange rate systems. In your answer you should refer to:
· Floating exchange rate regimes – you should in particular consider whether floating currencies are condusive to promoting international trade.
· Pegged exchange rate regimes and pegged with bands exchange rate regimes – you should consider the possibility of currency crises in relation to the pegged with bands currency regimes and should consider an actual currency crisis such as the 1992 Black Wednesday Crisis for the pound and its membership of the ERM.
· Single currencies – in relation to single currencies you should consider the pros and cons of the Euro, you should bring in the Optimal Currency Area argument, and you should in particular consider whether a nation like Greece in the aftermath of the 2008 Financial Crisis suffered more than it would have if it had not been a part of the Eurozone (due to its inability to devalue its currency or implement a looser monetary policy) and you should also consider whether the ECB has reponsed adequately to the economic challenges of the current coronavirus crisis (i.e. should the ECB be implementing a looser monetary policy in particular right now). You should consider whether a one size monetary policy does fit all.
Report (40%)
You are asked to develop and write a final report to assess the case study of the transition to electric mobility and its effects in global economics.Your work should come with in-depth reasoning and justification with well founded facts, events, figures and academic arguments. Please also refer to authors, models, themes and concepts learned in the course. You may define, evaluate and apply these when needed. Critical thinking is welcomed when justyfiying your alternatives and answers.
Please read the following case study summary about the 2019 edition of the Global EV Outlook, which is the flagship publication of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) within the IEA (International energy agency), at the 10th Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) meeting that was held in Vancouver on 27 May 2019.
Electric car deployment has been growing rapidly over the past ten years, with the global stock of electric passenger cars passing 5 million in 2018, an increase of 63% from the previous year. Around 45% of electric cars on the road in 2018 were in China – a total of 2.3 million – compared to 39% in 2017. In comparison, Europe accounted for 24% of the global fleet, .
BCO221 GLOBAL ECONOMICS – Task brief & rubricsTask briefDescri.docxjasoninnes20
BCO221 GLOBAL ECONOMICS – Task brief & rubrics
Task brief
Description:
· Individual task.
· First, answer the following two questions (60%) Then, write a report (40%).
Questions (60%)
Question 1 (30%). Explain the Bretton Woods system. You should refer to:
· As a result of the Bretton Woods system, what happened with the exchange rates? Was it fixed? Was it floating? (10p)
· Why did the Bretton Woods system collapse? (10p)
· Would be such a system feasible nowadays?
Question 2 (30%). With reference to real world examples assess the pros and cons of different exchange rate systems. In your answer you should refer to:
· Floating exchange rate regimes – you should in particular consider whether floating currencies are condusive to promoting international trade.
· Pegged exchange rate regimes and pegged with bands exchange rate regimes – you should consider the possibility of currency crises in relation to the pegged with bands currency regimes and should consider an actual currency crisis such as the 1992 Black Wednesday Crisis for the pound and its membership of the ERM.
· Single currencies – in relation to single currencies you should consider the pros and cons of the Euro, you should bring in the Optimal Currency Area argument, and you should in particular consider whether a nation like Greece in the aftermath of the 2008 Financial Crisis suffered more than it would have if it had not been a part of the Eurozone (due to its inability to devalue its currency or implement a looser monetary policy) and you should also consider whether the ECB has reponsed adequately to the economic challenges of the current coronavirus crisis (i.e. should the ECB be implementing a looser monetary policy in particular right now). You should consider whether a one size monetary policy does fit all.
Report (40%)
You are asked to develop and write a final report to assess the case study of the transition to electric mobility and its effects in global economics.Your work should come with in-depth reasoning and justification with well founded facts, events, figures and academic arguments. Please also refer to authors, models, themes and concepts learned in the course. You may define, evaluate and apply these when needed. Critical thinking is welcomed when justyfiying your alternatives and answers.
Please read the following case study summary about the 2019 edition of the Global EV Outlook, which is the flagship publication of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) within the IEA (International energy agency), at the 10th Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) meeting that was held in Vancouver on 27 May 2019.
Electric car deployment has been growing rapidly over the past ten years, with the global stock of electric passenger cars passing 5 million in 2018, an increase of 63% from the previous year. Around 45% of electric cars on the road in 2018 were in China – a total of 2.3 million – compared to 39% in 2017. In comparison, Europe accounted for 24% of the global fleet, ...
BCO221 GLOBAL ECONOMICS – Task brief & rubrics
Task brief
Description:
• Individual task.
• First, answer the following two questions (60%) Then, write a report (40%).
Questions (60%)
Question 1 (30%). Explain the Bretton Woods system. You should refer to:
o As a result of the Bretton Woods system, what happened with the exchange rates?
Was it fixed? Was it floating? (10p)
o Why did the Bretton Woods system collapse? (10p)
o Would be such a system feasible nowadays?
Question 2 (30%). With reference to real world examples assess the pros and cons of different
exchange rate systems. In your answer you should refer to:
o Floating exchange rate regimes – you should in particular consider whether floating
currencies are condusive to promoting international trade.
o Pegged exchange rate regimes and pegged with bands exchange rate regimes – you
should consider the possibility of currency crises in relation to the pegged with bands
currency regimes and should consider an actual currency crisis such as the 1992 Black
Wednesday Crisis for the pound and its membership of the ERM.
o Single currencies – in relation to single currencies you should consider the pros and
cons of the Euro, you should bring in the Optimal Currency Area argument, and you
should in particular consider whether a nation like Greece in the aftermath of the
2008 Financial Crisis suffered more than it would have if it had not been a part of the
Eurozone (due to its inability to devalue its currency or implement a looser monetary
policy) and you should also consider whether the ECB has reponsed adequately to the
economic challenges of the current coronavirus crisis (i.e. should the ECB be
implementing a looser monetary policy in particular right now). You should consider
whether a one size monetary policy does fit all.
Report (40%)
You are asked to develop and write a final report to assess the case study of the transition to electric
mobility and its effects in global economics. Your work should come with in-depth reasoning and
justification with well founded facts, events, figures and academic arguments. Please also refer to
authors, models, themes and concepts learned in the course. You may define, evaluate and apply
these when needed. Critical thinking is welcomed when justyfiying your alternatives and answers.
Please read the following case study summary about the 2019 edition of the Global EV Outlook,
which is the flagship publication of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) within the IEA (International
energy agency), at the 10th Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) meeting that was held in Vancouver on 27
May 2019.
Electric car deployment has been growing rapidly over the past ten years, with the global stock of
electric passenger cars passing 5 million in 2018, an increase of 63% from the previous year. Around
Stas Nepomnyashchiy
45% of electric cars on the road in 2018 were in China – a total of 2. ...
BCO221 GLOBAL ECONOMICS – Task brief & rubrics
Task brief
Description:
• Individual task.
• First, answer the following two questions (60%) Then, write a report (40%).
Questions (60%)
Question 1 (30%). Explain the Bretton Woods system. You should refer to:
o As a result of the Bretton Woods system, what happened with the exchange rates?
Was it fixed? Was it floating? (10p)
o Why did the Bretton Woods system collapse? (10p)
o Would be such a system feasible nowadays?
Question 2 (30%). With reference to real world examples assess the pros and cons of different
exchange rate systems. In your answer you should refer to:
o Floating exchange rate regimes – you should in particular consider whether floating
currencies are condusive to promoting international trade.
o Pegged exchange rate regimes and pegged with bands exchange rate regimes – you
should consider the possibility of currency crises in relation to the pegged with bands
currency regimes and should consider an actual currency crisis such as the 1992 Black
Wednesday Crisis for the pound and its membership of the ERM.
o Single currencies – in relation to single currencies you should consider the pros and
cons of the Euro, you should bring in the Optimal Currency Area argument, and you
should in particular consider whether a nation like Greece in the aftermath of the
2008 Financial Crisis suffered more than it would have if it had not been a part of the
Eurozone (due to its inability to devalue its currency or implement a looser monetary
policy) and you should also consider whether the ECB has reponsed adequately to the
economic challenges of the current coronavirus crisis (i.e. should the ECB be
implementing a looser monetary policy in particular right now). You should consider
whether a one size monetary policy does fit all.
Report (40%)
You are asked to develop and write a final report to assess the case study of the transition to electric
mobility and its effects in global economics. Your work should come with in-depth reasoning and
justification with well founded facts, events, figures and academic arguments. Please also refer to
authors, models, themes and concepts learned in the course. You may define, evaluate and apply
these when needed. Critical thinking is welcomed when justyfiying your alternatives and answers.
Please read the following case study summary about the 2019 edition of the Global EV Outlook,
which is the flagship publication of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) within the IEA (International
energy agency), at the 10th Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) meeting that was held in Vancouver on 27
May 2019.
Electric car deployment has been growing rapidly over the past ten years, with the global stock of
electric passenger cars passing 5 million in 2018, an increase of 63% from the previous year. Around
Stas Nepomnyashchiy
45% of electric cars on the road in 2018 were in China – a total of 2..
I made this assignment for a Strategy Module (University of Westminster) this year and I thought it looked nice. It is important to point out I don't work and have never worked for PWC, it was just a requirement of the assignment to pretend you worked there.
Similar to The Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI): opportunities for cooperation (20)
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Отдельный раздел пособия посвящен тому, как можно сократить свой углеродный след. Пособие и другие материалы «Климатической шкатулки» подходят как для самостоятельного изучения, так и для работы в группах и ориентированы на детей разных возрастов
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Global Fuel Economy Initiative_18-06-2014undprussia
The GFEI was founded in 2009 by the International Energy Agency, International Transport Forum, UNEP and the FIA Foundation to promote a doubling of auto fuel economy worldwide by 2050
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
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Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
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WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
IPCC Vice Chair Ladislaus Change Central Asia Climate Change Conference 27 Ma...
The Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI): opportunities for cooperation
1. The Global Fuel Economy Initiative
(GFEI):
opportunities for cooperation
International Conference:
Improving fuel economy and reduction of emissions from
road transport
17-18 June 2014 , Moscow
1
4. The Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI)
Mission: Facilitate large reductions of greenhouse gas
emissions and oil use through improvements in automotive
fuel economy in the face of rapidly growing car use
worldwide, as per IPCC and G8 recommendations.
www.globalfueleconomy.org
5. GFEI Approach
1. Analysis: Data, modeling, baseline,
projections
2. Options: feebate, labeling, standard?
3. National strategy development, dialogues
4. Awareness, communication
Financial Support
Technical Expertise
Global Network
6. Global light-duty vehicle stock could
triple between 2005 and 2050
Almost all growth is in developing countries
Source: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives,
2035: ~ 2 x 2011
2050: ~ 2.5 x 2011
7.
8. Russia, #7
• Attractive market: low vehicle density (260/1000 vs.
532/1000 in Germany) + aged car fleet (~12 yrs)
• Growing incomes: SUV segment, luxury, compact city
ICCT, 2012
9. “India, along with
Australia and
Russia now remain
the three largest
markets without an
official fuel efficiency
target.”
www.globalfueleconomy.org
10. 2020 2030 2050
New Cars 30% reduction in
L/100km in OECD:
engines, drive
trains, weights,
aerodynamics;
PHEV, EV, FC not
required
50% average
improvement
globally: full
hybridisation of
most models;
PHEV, EV and FC
not required
50% +
(PHEV, EV, FC
required)
All Cars -
Global
20% reductions with
lag time for stock
turnover; eco-
driving, maintenance
35%
50by50
’50by50’ or
8 lge/100km to 4 lge/100km
11. Source: GFEI 2012 International Fuel Economy Comparison,
www.globalfueleconomy.org/Documents/Publications/wp8_international_comparison.pdf
12. Meeting GFEI targets can stabilize global light-vehicle CO2
emissions, despite a near tripling of vehicle fleet
13. Where we work
Pilot Countries
Chile
Ethiopia
Indonesia
Kenya
Phase 2 Countries
Bahrain
Cô te d'Ivoire
Egypt
Georgia
Jamaica
Jordan
Macedonia
Mauritius
Montenegro
Morocco
Peru
Philippines
Thailand
Uruguay
Vietnam
Under Discussion
Serbia
Barbados
Benin
Russia
St. Lucia
Interested
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Guatemala
Mali
Mozambique
Nigeria
Paraguay
Sri Lanka
Syria
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Colombia
Costa Rica
Malaysia
Nepal
14. Reducing GHG emissions from road
transport in Russia’s medium-sized cities:
Russian Urban Sustainable Transport
(RUST)
• GEF-supported, 2012-2017
• Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation
(MoT), Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment (MoNRE), Tatarstan Ministry of
Transport (TMoT), Kaliningrad Administration
(KA), Ministry of Interior
• UNEP/GFEI to work with MoT to address
increased use of energy efficient vehicles in
Russia.
15. RUST, 2
• Outcome 1: Approved and enforced supportive federal policies,
regulations, and institutional arrangements to increase the use of
low emission vehicles :
• Conduct of a national public/private dialogue on practical
policy and technology solutions for Russia and begin the work of
designing, for example, a national vehicle labeling scheme,
supporting fee-bate systems, a specific technology mandate for low
emission vehicles in Russia, import restrictions, a federal fuel
economy standard;
• Development of an approved “technology road map” specific to low
emission vehicles, including HEVs, EVs and PHEVs, zooming in on
the potential market in Russia and using past IEA global analysis in
the hybrid and electric vehicles sector;
• Assessment of incentive policy options to encourage individual
vehicle owners to become more energy efficient through increased
use of low emission vehicles;
• Drafting legal framework for enabling access to low emission
vehicles
16. • Regulatory
• Standards
• Economic
• Feebate
• Registration Tax
• Information
• Labeling
• Europe
• North America
• Africa
• Latin America
• Asia
• Middle East
• Baseline
• Finance
• FE Resources
Next steps
http://www.unep.org/transp
ort/gfei/autotool/
17. oFirst mandatory labeling system for LDV’s in LAC,
March 2012 www.compraunautolimpio.cl
oFeebate proposal based on a bonus/malus system,
including CO2 and local pollutants
2013+: Peru, Uruguay, Paraguay, Jamaica
Chile
18. Transport Unit
Division of Technology, Industry and Economics
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
P.O. Box 30552
00100 Nairobi
Kenya
www.unep.org/Transport
www.globalfueleconomy.org
Editor's Notes
The United Nations Environment Programme, established in 1972, is the voice for the environment within the UN system, and globally.
[Insert short background on UNEP presence in Russia and what the UNEP Moscow office supports]
UNEP’s transport portfolio is based within the Transport Unit, headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya. The Unit’s focus is on cleaner fuels and vehicles, automotive fuel economy, non-motorized transport infrastructure for cycling and walking, public transport (Bus Rapid Transit and low carbon planning).
UNEP’s works as part of the GFEI to support for improved global automotive energy efficiency. The GFEI was founded in 2009 by the International Energy Agency, International Transport Forum, UNEP and the FIA Foundation to promote a doubling of auto fuel economy worldwide by 2050 (more on that later).
Our aim is to bring attention to the potential emission and fuel savings from taking advantage of off-the-shelf (conventional, already in use) auto technologies along with advanced fuels and technologies to improve auto fuel economy from 8 L/100km global average in 2005 to 4 L/100km by 2050.
Today there are six partner organizations in the GFEI – four are represented here today (UNEP, ICCT, IEA and ITF).
We combine our expertise and resources to provide direct support to countries developing auto fuel economy policies – through financial support, technical expertise and access to the global GFEI network of practice of countries that have already designed and implemented such policies.
This means gathering and analyzing fuel economy data, supporting the establishment of specialized national task forces to evaluate feasible fuel economy solutions like fiscal incentives, labeling and standards, and awareness raising at the global and national levels.
Why are we so concerned with improving auto fuel economy?
The global fleet of cars is projected to triple by 2050 (over 2005), and CO2 emissions to double.
The vast majority of this growth will take place in developing and emerging markets.
According to analysis by the International Center for Clean Transportation (ICCT, GFEI partner), the transportation sector now (in 2014) accounts for 22% of CO2 emissions, cars and trucks make up 73% of this.
Russia is among the top Top 10 auto markets worldwide
With low density of vehicle ownership and growing incomes
By 2020 it will be the European top market, and the world #5 at current rates of growth
Current the transport sector accounts for 21% of final energy consumption (90 Mtoe, WEO 2011).
The IEA projects that ‘energy demand in the transport sector of Russia is projected to average 1.3% per year’(World Energy Ooutlook 2011).
However, according to the latest global analysis by the Global Fuel Economy Inititaive (2014), Russia remains one of three top markets without a fuel economy standard.
There have been steady improvements in fuel economy in Russia: 2011 IEA International comparison of new light duty vehicle fuel showed Russia at 181 gCO2/km in 2011, or 7.7 liters gasoline equivalent/100km. Global average in 2011 was 7.2 Lge/100km.
So what can be done?
The GFEI advocates a 50by50 approach, a doubling of auto fuel economy for new vehicles in OECD countries by 2030 – this mean full hybridization of most vehicle models. Given current rates of vehicle stock turnover in developing markets, this means that new technology penetration in these markets will feasibly improve the world’s fleet by 2050 to an average of 4 liters of gasoline equivalent/100 km.
This is technically feasible, but the rate of current improvement is slow. We need a global improvement in efficiency of 2.7% per year globally, with faster rates of change in OECD markets. The current global rate of improvement falls short at 1.8%.
The global target of doubling auto fuel economy cannot be reached without involvement from major markets, such as Russia.
Meeting this target will help stabilize auto CO2 emissions, DESPITE the tripling of the auto fleet worldwide.
The red line is policies adopted to date; the green is the GFEI target
The Global Fuel Economy is active in 19 countries worldwide, with many more expressing interest.
Our aim over these two days here in Moscow is to deepen cooperation between the relevant ministries and groups here in Russia working to analyze and improve auto fuel economy, and to support the concrete outcomes of this meeting.
UNEP and GFEI collaboration on fuel economy in Russia began in 2009 when we worked with UNDP to draft the RUST project.
The GEF-supported project contains a component on addressing increased use of energy efficient vehicles in Russia, to which UNEP and the GFEI have committed to providing support.
This conference is the first step
Planned addition steps include a technology road map, assessment of policy options, and a possible startegic framework
In terms of approaches to fuel economy at the national level, there are many possible combinations of policy instruments and technologies that can be used.
We will here some good examples today and tomorrow. Are standards appropriate now? Perhaps a labeling system would be a good first step? Have fiscal incentives, like feebates, been considered?
You can also review global practice online from the Cleaner, More Efficient Vehicles Tool (link provided).
A recent example of a country we have worked in is Chile
The GFEI worked together with the Ministries of Transport, Energy and Environment and Mario Molina Center Chile to develop the first mandatory labeling system in Latin America (see example here on the slide), and also designed and proposed a fiscal incentive scheme to reward the purchase of more efficient technology.
In Summary, I invite you to take full advantage of this unique event to explore what is possible in terms of improving auto fuel economy, what is feasible for Russia, and how we can support you in your plans going forward.