BCO221 GLOBAL ECONOMICS – Task brief & rubrics
Task brief
Description:
• Individual task.
• First, answer the following two questions (60%) Then, write a report (40%).
Questions (60%)
Question 1 (30%). Explain the Bretton Woods system. You should refer to:
o As a result of the Bretton Woods system, what happened with the exchange rates?
Was it fixed? Was it floating? (10p)
o Why did the Bretton Woods system collapse? (10p)
o Would be such a system feasible nowadays?
Question 2 (30%). With reference to real world examples assess the pros and cons of different
exchange rate systems. In your answer you should refer to:
o Floating exchange rate regimes – you should in particular consider whether floating
currencies are condusive to promoting international trade.
o Pegged exchange rate regimes and pegged with bands exchange rate regimes – you
should consider the possibility of currency crises in relation to the pegged with bands
currency regimes and should consider an actual currency crisis such as the 1992 Black
Wednesday Crisis for the pound and its membership of the ERM.
o Single currencies – in relation to single currencies you should consider the pros and
cons of the Euro, you should bring in the Optimal Currency Area argument, and you
should in particular consider whether a nation like Greece in the aftermath of the
2008 Financial Crisis suffered more than it would have if it had not been a part of the
Eurozone (due to its inability to devalue its currency or implement a looser monetary
policy) and you should also consider whether the ECB has reponsed adequately to the
economic challenges of the current coronavirus crisis (i.e. should the ECB be
implementing a looser monetary policy in particular right now). You should consider
whether a one size monetary policy does fit all.
Report (40%)
You are asked to develop and write a final report to assess the case study of the transition to electric
mobility and its effects in global economics. Your work should come with in-depth reasoning and
justification with well founded facts, events, figures and academic arguments. Please also refer to
authors, models, themes and concepts learned in the course. You may define, evaluate and apply
these when needed. Critical thinking is welcomed when justyfiying your alternatives and answers.
Please read the following case study summary about the 2019 edition of the Global EV Outlook,
which is the flagship publication of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) within the IEA (International
energy agency), at the 10th Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) meeting that was held in Vancouver on 27
May 2019.
Electric car deployment has been growing rapidly over the past ten years, with the global stock of
electric passenger cars passing 5 million in 2018, an increase of 63% from the previous year. Around
Stas Nepomnyashchiy
45% of electric cars on the road in 2018 were in China – a total of 2..
Electric Mobility and Development Worldbank UITP EVConsultEVConsult
The report, prepared by the World Bank and UITP—the International Association of Public Transport, and ESMAP—the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program, lays out basic principles for eMobility programs that respond to the climate, economic, fiscal, technical, institutional, and policy circumstances of different countries.
September 2019 edition of the DecarbEurope primer on electric vehicles, reviewing some of the major issues to address in the coming years:
* low-emission zones
* right-to-plug
* 150 kW network
I compiled this presentation recently to summarize key aspects around electric cars from a layman perspective. The study touches upon interplay between industry and state in key markets with some enhanced focus on Europe
Electric vehicles and electric utilities – a clear opportunity with many shapesCarlo Stella
While several stakeholders are supportive of the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, we have looked specifically at electric utilities to understand the opportunities that such a change in the transportation landscape can generate, and define the key questions to be addressed in order to embrace them. We have identified four business models – by no means evolutionary – that can be looked at independently, and eventually combined to fit the company’s strategy and the specific market conditions (e.g., regulation, competition, ecosystem, customer readiness). We strongly believe electric utilities are ideally positioned to leverage the opportunities offered by the adoption of electric vehicles on a mass-market scale, but they need to act fast, as many other players are addressing the same opportunity
Battery technologies are central to delivering significant advances in a wide range
of industries, from electric vehicles to renewable power. This has catapulted
battery technology to the top of the priority list for many players, leading to a huge
boom in investment, as companies try to build key positions in the market.
However, this investment frenzy threatens to lead companies to rush forward
without asking themselves key questions. What will the landscape look like when
the dust settles? Which technology will dominate the battery space in the future,
and what are the potential scenarios for future growth? How do I (as a chemical
company, utility, investor, battery manufacturer, automotive manufacturer, mobility
provider or government / regulator) prepare for the future and position myself to
benefit?
There is no simple answer to these questions, as they depend on a range of
factors, from the speed of new innovation to the ability to reduce costs of existing
technologies.
This work is an analysis of Tesla. It starts with a brief introduction about the Low Emission Vehicles sector, then, after a short summary concerning Tesla’s history, the analysis begins. It is focused on the role of the innovation and its importance for the Californian firm. Great importance is given to Tesla’s business model and its value chain. Also its vertical integration and its strengths points have been analyzed.
Electric Mobility and Development Worldbank UITP EVConsultEVConsult
The report, prepared by the World Bank and UITP—the International Association of Public Transport, and ESMAP—the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program, lays out basic principles for eMobility programs that respond to the climate, economic, fiscal, technical, institutional, and policy circumstances of different countries.
September 2019 edition of the DecarbEurope primer on electric vehicles, reviewing some of the major issues to address in the coming years:
* low-emission zones
* right-to-plug
* 150 kW network
I compiled this presentation recently to summarize key aspects around electric cars from a layman perspective. The study touches upon interplay between industry and state in key markets with some enhanced focus on Europe
Electric vehicles and electric utilities – a clear opportunity with many shapesCarlo Stella
While several stakeholders are supportive of the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, we have looked specifically at electric utilities to understand the opportunities that such a change in the transportation landscape can generate, and define the key questions to be addressed in order to embrace them. We have identified four business models – by no means evolutionary – that can be looked at independently, and eventually combined to fit the company’s strategy and the specific market conditions (e.g., regulation, competition, ecosystem, customer readiness). We strongly believe electric utilities are ideally positioned to leverage the opportunities offered by the adoption of electric vehicles on a mass-market scale, but they need to act fast, as many other players are addressing the same opportunity
Battery technologies are central to delivering significant advances in a wide range
of industries, from electric vehicles to renewable power. This has catapulted
battery technology to the top of the priority list for many players, leading to a huge
boom in investment, as companies try to build key positions in the market.
However, this investment frenzy threatens to lead companies to rush forward
without asking themselves key questions. What will the landscape look like when
the dust settles? Which technology will dominate the battery space in the future,
and what are the potential scenarios for future growth? How do I (as a chemical
company, utility, investor, battery manufacturer, automotive manufacturer, mobility
provider or government / regulator) prepare for the future and position myself to
benefit?
There is no simple answer to these questions, as they depend on a range of
factors, from the speed of new innovation to the ability to reduce costs of existing
technologies.
This work is an analysis of Tesla. It starts with a brief introduction about the Low Emission Vehicles sector, then, after a short summary concerning Tesla’s history, the analysis begins. It is focused on the role of the innovation and its importance for the Californian firm. Great importance is given to Tesla’s business model and its value chain. Also its vertical integration and its strengths points have been analyzed.
This work is an analysis of Tesla. It starts with a brief introduction about the Low Emission Vehicles sector, then, after a short summary concerning Tesla’s history, the analysis begins. It is focused on the role of the innovation and its importance for the Californian firm. Great importance is given to Tesla’s business model and its value chain. Also its vertical integration and its strengths points have been analyzed.
From LEV vehicles to underline the principal main aspects of Tesla motors.
Business model innovation provided by Tesla motors through three mechanism: 1) Innovation towards vehicles. 2) Innovation towards batteries. 3) Innovation towards infrastructures.
This presentation will give you information about the Technology development in the industry car (LEV vehicles) and the business model innovation of Tesla, studying its important value configuration.
I made this assignment for a Strategy Module (University of Westminster) this year and I thought it looked nice. It is important to point out I don't work and have never worked for PWC, it was just a requirement of the assignment to pretend you worked there.
Intelligence of Battery Management Systems Amplified with Cloud-based Software and Services
Battery-operated applications and cloud-based software and services are among the top buzzwords in the vast industrial landscape that is undergoing the Fourth Industrial Revolution - Industry 4.0. With the increasing convergence of industrial operations and technology, the cloud-connected battery management system is emerging as one of the most popular trends across various industries, including automotive, telecommunications, and consumer electronics.
This report brings to discussion the broad impact of (EV)s on the automotive industry, conveying information from and about (EVI) members and partners to assemble an accurate image of the current and forecasted structure of the industry, assessing the dynamism and industry competitiveness through the lens of Porter’s five competitive forces.
Whitepaper: Priming the United States Grid for High-Powered Electric Vehicle...Black & Veatch
High-power electric vehicle (EV) charging stations can help reach emission reduction goals in the United States (U.S.) and Europe as the EV adoption increases. However, the energy demand associated with high-power charging stations is raising questions in the U.S. about the impacts to electric utilities, energy management, and grid stability. Energy solutions such as energy storage, managed charging, and controlling distributed grid assets are important considerations in the U.S. With a comprehensive approach, the industry can lay a foundation that prepares the market for EV adoption and adequate energy delivery for charging station infrastructure while minimizing grid impact.
DR STEPHEN HALL, PROFESSOR SIMON SHEPHERD, DR ZIA WADUD; UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, IN COLLABORATION WITH FUTURE CITIES CATAPULT
Also see https://theconversation.com/five-reasons-why-you-might-be-driving-electric-sooner-than-you-think-71896
Innovation needs for the integration of electric vehicles into the energy systemDrStefanWolf
The mitigation of climate change and the substitution of fossil energy sources is one of the greatest tasks of
our time. Electric mobility is the most promising solution to decarbonize the transport sector. As the market
for electric vehicles is quickly gaining momentum, an urgent need for intelligent integration of the
energy and mobility system arises. This integration leads to a multitude of technical, economic and social
challenges. Thus, this paper aims to identify the need for future research, development, standardization and
regulation to provide recommendations for action.
Presentation by:
Dr. Stefan Wolf and Roman Korzynietz
VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH
Presented at:
32nd International Electric Vehicle Symposium in Lyon (France)
How an Electric Vehicle can be a potential threat to CNG. What is Govt Initiative that is a boon to the electric vehicle industry are discussed & how various stakeholders are showing their interest in EV.
Electric vehicle pricing - life after government incentivestrendtracker-news
In a live webinar presentation to AWPresenter, Toby Procter, director of Trend Tracker Ltd, outlined the prospects for electric vehicle prices once governments stop offering financial incentives to customers.
Before 1918, approximately 60 of the wolves in the New Mexico a.docxgarnerangelika
Before 1918, approximately
60%
of the wolves in the New Mexico and Arizona region were male, and
40%
were female. However, cattle ranchers in this area have made a determined effort to exterminate wolves. From 1918 to the present, approximately
70%
of wolves in the region are male, and
30%
are female. Biologists suspect that male wolves are more likely than females to return to an area where the population has been greatly reduced. (Round your answers to three decimal places.)
What is the probability that
8
or more were female?
.
Bed Bath & Beyond – The Raise and Struggle 1 .docxgarnerangelika
Bed Bath & Beyond – The Raise and Struggle 1
Bed Bath & Beyond – The Raise and Struggle
By
John Doe
Mary Joe
Peter Jackson
Ray Jones
Victor Smith
Professor Dr. Harry Omoregie
University of the Cumberlands
Information Governance
10/05/2019
Bed Bath & Beyond – The Raise and Struggle 2
Table of Contents
Company Profiles .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Phoenix
Solution
s Inc ................................................................................................................................ 4
Leadership Profiles ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) .................................................................................................................... 5
Chief Financial Officer (CFO): .................................................................................................................... 5
Chief Technology Officer (CTO) ................................................................................................................. 5
Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) ................................................................................................................. 5
Chief Risk Officer (CRO) ............................................................................................................................. 6
History of Bed Bath & Beyond ...................................................................................................................... 6
Challenges Faced by Bed Bath & Beyond in the Last Decade ....................................................................... 8
Major Competitors in Global E-Commerce ................................................................................................. 10
Discuss the Opportunities and Challenges of Big Data in Global E-Commerce .......................................... 11
Opportunities Provided by Big Data to the Global E-Commerce Organizations: ................................... 12
Customer analysis. .............................................................................................................................. 12
Personalization. ................................................................................................................................... 13
Customer service. ............................................................................................................................... 13
Flexible pricing policy. ......................................................................................................................... 13
Safer online payments. ........................................................................................................
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This work is an analysis of Tesla. It starts with a brief introduction about the Low Emission Vehicles sector, then, after a short summary concerning Tesla’s history, the analysis begins. It is focused on the role of the innovation and its importance for the Californian firm. Great importance is given to Tesla’s business model and its value chain. Also its vertical integration and its strengths points have been analyzed.
From LEV vehicles to underline the principal main aspects of Tesla motors.
Business model innovation provided by Tesla motors through three mechanism: 1) Innovation towards vehicles. 2) Innovation towards batteries. 3) Innovation towards infrastructures.
This presentation will give you information about the Technology development in the industry car (LEV vehicles) and the business model innovation of Tesla, studying its important value configuration.
I made this assignment for a Strategy Module (University of Westminster) this year and I thought it looked nice. It is important to point out I don't work and have never worked for PWC, it was just a requirement of the assignment to pretend you worked there.
Intelligence of Battery Management Systems Amplified with Cloud-based Software and Services
Battery-operated applications and cloud-based software and services are among the top buzzwords in the vast industrial landscape that is undergoing the Fourth Industrial Revolution - Industry 4.0. With the increasing convergence of industrial operations and technology, the cloud-connected battery management system is emerging as one of the most popular trends across various industries, including automotive, telecommunications, and consumer electronics.
This report brings to discussion the broad impact of (EV)s on the automotive industry, conveying information from and about (EVI) members and partners to assemble an accurate image of the current and forecasted structure of the industry, assessing the dynamism and industry competitiveness through the lens of Porter’s five competitive forces.
Whitepaper: Priming the United States Grid for High-Powered Electric Vehicle...Black & Veatch
High-power electric vehicle (EV) charging stations can help reach emission reduction goals in the United States (U.S.) and Europe as the EV adoption increases. However, the energy demand associated with high-power charging stations is raising questions in the U.S. about the impacts to electric utilities, energy management, and grid stability. Energy solutions such as energy storage, managed charging, and controlling distributed grid assets are important considerations in the U.S. With a comprehensive approach, the industry can lay a foundation that prepares the market for EV adoption and adequate energy delivery for charging station infrastructure while minimizing grid impact.
DR STEPHEN HALL, PROFESSOR SIMON SHEPHERD, DR ZIA WADUD; UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, IN COLLABORATION WITH FUTURE CITIES CATAPULT
Also see https://theconversation.com/five-reasons-why-you-might-be-driving-electric-sooner-than-you-think-71896
Innovation needs for the integration of electric vehicles into the energy systemDrStefanWolf
The mitigation of climate change and the substitution of fossil energy sources is one of the greatest tasks of
our time. Electric mobility is the most promising solution to decarbonize the transport sector. As the market
for electric vehicles is quickly gaining momentum, an urgent need for intelligent integration of the
energy and mobility system arises. This integration leads to a multitude of technical, economic and social
challenges. Thus, this paper aims to identify the need for future research, development, standardization and
regulation to provide recommendations for action.
Presentation by:
Dr. Stefan Wolf and Roman Korzynietz
VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH
Presented at:
32nd International Electric Vehicle Symposium in Lyon (France)
How an Electric Vehicle can be a potential threat to CNG. What is Govt Initiative that is a boon to the electric vehicle industry are discussed & how various stakeholders are showing their interest in EV.
Electric vehicle pricing - life after government incentivestrendtracker-news
In a live webinar presentation to AWPresenter, Toby Procter, director of Trend Tracker Ltd, outlined the prospects for electric vehicle prices once governments stop offering financial incentives to customers.
Before 1918, approximately 60 of the wolves in the New Mexico a.docxgarnerangelika
Before 1918, approximately
60%
of the wolves in the New Mexico and Arizona region were male, and
40%
were female. However, cattle ranchers in this area have made a determined effort to exterminate wolves. From 1918 to the present, approximately
70%
of wolves in the region are male, and
30%
are female. Biologists suspect that male wolves are more likely than females to return to an area where the population has been greatly reduced. (Round your answers to three decimal places.)
What is the probability that
8
or more were female?
.
Bed Bath & Beyond – The Raise and Struggle 1 .docxgarnerangelika
Bed Bath & Beyond – The Raise and Struggle 1
Bed Bath & Beyond – The Raise and Struggle
By
John Doe
Mary Joe
Peter Jackson
Ray Jones
Victor Smith
Professor Dr. Harry Omoregie
University of the Cumberlands
Information Governance
10/05/2019
Bed Bath & Beyond – The Raise and Struggle 2
Table of Contents
Company Profiles .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Phoenix
Solution
s Inc ................................................................................................................................ 4
Leadership Profiles ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) .................................................................................................................... 5
Chief Financial Officer (CFO): .................................................................................................................... 5
Chief Technology Officer (CTO) ................................................................................................................. 5
Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) ................................................................................................................. 5
Chief Risk Officer (CRO) ............................................................................................................................. 6
History of Bed Bath & Beyond ...................................................................................................................... 6
Challenges Faced by Bed Bath & Beyond in the Last Decade ....................................................................... 8
Major Competitors in Global E-Commerce ................................................................................................. 10
Discuss the Opportunities and Challenges of Big Data in Global E-Commerce .......................................... 11
Opportunities Provided by Big Data to the Global E-Commerce Organizations: ................................... 12
Customer analysis. .............................................................................................................................. 12
Personalization. ................................................................................................................................... 13
Customer service. ............................................................................................................................... 13
Flexible pricing policy. ......................................................................................................................... 13
Safer online payments. ........................................................................................................
Beethoven; Art and Protest in the 1800s Please respond to the foll.docxgarnerangelika
"Beethoven; Art and Protest in the 1800s" Please respond to the following. You can use resources under the
Explore
heading to shape your response!
1) Listen to one (1) composition (i.e., for a symphony) by Beethoven. Identify the composition that you listened to, and determine whether you would characterize the chosen composition as either the Classical or Romantic style of music. Explain the features that lead you to your conclusion.
2) What were the Romantics all about? If you had only one example to use to explain Romanticism to someone who had never heard of it or read your book, which work of visual art or literary art from your text would you choose, why? What did the Romantics think about the technological and scientific innovations of their age? Do you think they would feel similarly today, why or why not?
3) Please give one example of how either black slaves or white abolitionists used literature or the visual arts as a form of protest against slavery. How do you think the work you selected impacted its audience? What about the work enabled it to change minds?
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Becoming Deviant Please respond to the followingIn your.docxgarnerangelika
"Becoming Deviant"
Please respond to the following:
In your readings, you have explored the topics of social controls and the underlying causes of deviance. Examine the types of social controls and analyze one social control which you believe is more compelling in regard to the sanctioning of behaviors. Then explore the underlying cause of biology and inherited behavior and determine whether either of these underlying causes can be treated and corrected to allow an individual to align his or her thinking with the majority. Provide support for your response.
150-200 words
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Becoming a ManagerElaine has worked in the IMCU of a communi.docxgarnerangelika
Becoming a Manager
Elaine has worked in the IMCU of a community hospital for 11 years. She is one of the best nurses, and serves as a preceptor and a resource for other nurses on the unit. Elaine has made numerous contributions to the unit. She has presented training classes, in-services, and booklets. Elaine has been the day shift charge nurse for 5 years.
In January, the unit manager decided to retire. The IMCU manager position was posted. A very unpopular nurse from another unit bid on the position, as well as a nurse from another hospital. The staff has approached Elaine, imploring her to bid for the job. They tell her she will be a terrific manager, and they all love her. Elaine is very happy with her job, but she knows that things will change with a new manager.
After serious deliberation, Elaine bids on the position. Her qualifications are undisputable, and she is offered the position. She is warned, however, that her relationship with her co-workers will not be the same. She has long been a leader, but she must now see herself as a manager. Try to imagine that you are Elaine:
What steps will you take to initiate this change?
How will you establish your new position with the staff?
What type of management/leadership style would you employ?
How do the “Cores of Credibility” apply to your new role?
Your response should consist of complete sentences and should be at least one complete paragraph, but it should be no more than three paragraphs in length.
Post your individual responses by the end of the day on Friday of Module 2.
Read the postings of other students, and thoughtfully respond to at least two other student postings by end of the day on Sunday of Module 2.
Please click the Grading Information button, then the View Rubric button to the right of the discussion board window for grading criteria.
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BECG017 IBS Center for Management Research .docxgarnerangelika
BECG/017
IBS Center for Management Research
The McDonald’s ‘Beef Fries’ Controversy
This case was written by A.Mukund, IBS Center for Management Research. It was compiled from published sources, and is
intended to be used as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a
management situation.
Claire Latham
14609 Uplands Drive
Lake Oswego, OR 97034
United States
Licensed to print 10 copies, 21 November, 2016.
License valid upto 20 February, 2017.
2002, IBS Center for Management Research. All rights reserved.
To order copies, call +91-9640901313 or write to IBS Center for Management Research (ICMR), IFHE Campus, Donthanapally,
Sankarapally Road, Hyderabad 501 203, Telangana, India or email: [email protected]
www.icmrindia.org
1
BECG/017
The McDonald’s ‘Beef Fries’ Controversy
“Hindus and vegetarians all over the world feel shocked and betrayed by McDonald's deception
and ultimate greed.”
- Attorney Harish Bharti, on filing the lawsuit against McDonald’s, in May 2001.
“These are the ways the fries are made in the US, and we don’t have any plans to change.”
- Walt Riker, McDonald’s spokesperson, in May 2001.
A CONTROVERSY ERUPTS
In May 2001, a class action lawsuit
1
was filed against the world‘s largest fast-food chain
McDonald‘s, in Seattle, US. The lawsuit alleged that the company had, for over a decade, duped
vegetarian customers into eating French fries
2
that contained beef extracts. The lawsuit followed a
spate of media reports detailing how the French fries served at McDonald‘s were falsely promoted
as being ‗100% vegetarian.‘
Although McDonald‘s initially declined to comment on the issue, the company issued a
‗conditional apology,‘ admitting to using beef flavoring in the fries. The furore over the matter
seemed to be settling down, when to McDonald‘s horror, some of its restaurants in India were
vandalized. Activists of Hindu fundamentalist groups – the Shiv Sena, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad
(VHP) and the Bajrang Dal, staged a demonstration in front of the McDonald‘s head office in
Delhi protesting the alleged use of beef flavouring. They submitted a memorandum to the Prime
Minister, demanding the closure of all McDonald‘s outlets in the country.
Activists also staged protests in front of McDonald‘s restaurants in south Mumbai and Thane.
Mobs ransacked the outlet at Thane, broke the glass panes and smeared the McDonald‘s mascot
Ronald with cow dung. About 30 people were arrested and later let off on bail. Company officials
estimated the loss to the outlet at Rs 2 million.
Officials at McDonald‘s India quickly announced that the vegetarian products served in India did
not have any non-vegetarian content (Refer Exhibit I for details). However, despite this
reassurance, the anti-McDonald‘s wave refused to die down.
Meanwhile, more cases were being filed against McDonald‘s – t.
Because this is an interdisciplinary humanities course, so far this .docxgarnerangelika
Because this is an interdisciplinary humanities course, so far this quarter we have analyzed literary texts intended for a child audience alongside historical documents, journalistic writing about current events, a documentary film, and even a music video. Choose one literary text that we have read so far (by Hesse, Muñoz Ryan, or Taylor) and explain how reading it in tandem with one of these other textual or audio-visual sources (the Winsor article, the 1959 Declaration,
Fear and Learning at Hoover Elementary
, the McFadden article, or the music video for “Formation”) helped to enhance your learning experience. What connections did you draw between the two sources? Why was it important for you to examine the non-literary source alongside the literary one? How did this help you to further develop your understanding of American childhood? Please write at least one long, detailed paragraph, observing standard conventions of strong academic writing.
.
Because of the difficulties that expatriates face, some firms have b.docxgarnerangelika
Because of the difficulties that expatriates face, some firms have begun a policy of “inpatriation” (a concept discussed further in the Debate section of chapter 13), whereby they relocate foreigners to the host country, with the expectation that after a period of time, they will replace expatriates. While this provides the MNE with a source of workers who do not face cultural obstacles, some significant problems remain. First, inpatriates, who are paid the going rate in the MNE’s home country, are often disappointed or upset when they go to the host country, where salaries are much lower. Second, many inpatriates are ineffective because of their ambiguous position. While the headquarters views inpatriates as “us” because of their time in the home country, other HCNs also view them as “us” because of their common ethnicity.
1.Given the pros and cons of expatriation and inpatriation, which do you feel is more effective for MNEs? Would certain situation call for one strategy over another? What could an MNE do to alleviate some of the difficulties of inpatriation?
2.
MNEs operate in multiple locations, negotiating through a complicated web of formal and informal institutions that are different from country to country. An MNE is successful, in part, because of its ability to work within a complex network of laws and values to create a global, cross-cultural entity. The question is could labor unions do the same? While union presence is strong in some countries, it is nearly absent in others, so that workers in those countries have relative little protection from potentially unfair actions. What is the feasibility of establishing a global (or semiglobal) labor union to cover these countries? How would they overcome institutional obstacles presented by governments and by MNEs? What would be the pros and cons of such a movement?
.
Because Eileen Dover, the CEO of Good For You! Bakery, began her.docxgarnerangelika
Because Eileen Dover, the CEO of Good For You! Bakery, began her business with limited background in data architecture, some historical data that was saved in legacy systems is in bad shape. For example, sales date information was entered haphazardly, in different formats; sometimes sales amounts included a dollar sign and cents to the right of the decimal, and sometimes they didn’t; and the alphanumeric code she initially used to designate products is confusing to her new managers.
Ms. Dover wants to ensure that she can move data from her legacy system to SAS®. She had one of her new IT people produce a pipe-delimited data file in .txt format. He was not able to do much data validation/cleaning on his end, and Ms. Dover wants to know if this crucial step can be completed in SAS®. She wants you to do the following:
Import the legacy data file (
Week 4 Assignment Data
) into SAS®. (Note that if you look at the .txt file using a text editing program such as Notepad, you can see anomalies in the data; for example, dates and dollar amounts are represented in different formats.)
Create a report that:
Lists sales, by month, with subtotals and a grand total
Interprets all dates correctly and displays them in the same format
Interprets all dollar values correctly and displays them in the format $99
Add comments to the SAS® code to explain what each section of the code does, so that your team can apply similar to logic to cleaning/validating other data files.
Follow
the instructions in the
Week 4 Assignment Instructions
document to complete this assignment. You will be using the
Week 4 Assignment Data
file to complete this assignment.
Submit
your SAS® program.
.
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with .docxgarnerangelika
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA Style format..
info can be of
Édouard Manet and Realist painting
Émile Zola and the Naturalist novel
Revolutions of 1848 in Europe
French painting: Idealism and Realism
Early Romanticism
Romantic music: Beethoven
any questions email me please
.
Beauty, Effort, and Misrepresentation HowBeauty Work Affect.docxgarnerangelika
Beauty, Effort, and Misrepresentation: How
Beauty Work Affects Judgments of Moral
Character and Consumer Preferences
ADRIANA SAMPER
LINYUN W. YANG
MICHELLE E. DANIELS
Women engage in a variety of beauty practices, or “beauty work,” to enhance their
physical appearance, such as applying cosmetics, tanning, or exercising. Although
the rewards of physical attractiveness are well documented, perceptions of both the
women who engage in efforts to enhance their appearance and the high-effort
beauty products marketed to them are not well understood. Across seven studies,
we demonstrate that consumers judge women who engage in certain types of ex-
tensive beauty work as possessing poorer moral character. These judgments occur
only for effortful beauty work perceived as transformative (significantly altering ap-
pearance) and transient (lasting a relatively short time), such that they emerge
within cosmetics and tanning, yet not skincare or exercise. This effect is mediated
by the perception that putting high effort into one’s appearance signals a willingness
to misrepresent one’s true self, and translates into lower purchase intentions for
higher-effort cosmetics. We identify several boundary conditions, including the at-
tractiveness of the woman performing the beauty work and whether the effort is at-
tributed to external norms or causes. In examining how beauty work elicits moral
judgments, we also shed light on why effortful cosmetic use is viewed negatively,
yet effortful products continue to be commercially successful.
Keywords: aesthetics, beauty, beauty work, effort, cosmetics, moral judgments,
true self, innate self
T hroughout history, women have gone to great lengthsto enhance their physical appearance. Queen Elizabeth I inspired a generation of women to coat theirfaces with lead to achieve the perfect pale complexion, and
Victorian ladies removed their ribs to whittle down their
waists (Corson 1972/2003). While modern beauty rituals
may be less extreme, we continue to see consumers engage
in extensive “beauty work,” defined as the beauty practices
people perform on themselves to elicit certain benefits
within a social hierarchy (Kwan and Trautner 2009). These
practices are often effortful, such as popular multistep
Korean skincare regimens (Chang 2011) or trends in con-
touring and strobing, where layers of make-up are carefully
applied to highlight facial features (Cardellino 2015). Even
mundane routines such as styling hair or applying cosmet-
ics often require significant time and care. Interestingly,
while research acknowledges that physical attractiveness
can be enhanced through beauty work (Etcoff et al. 2011;
Kwan and Trautner 2009), it has not examined how the
Adriana Samper ([email protected]) is assistant professor of marketing
at the W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University, Tempe,
AZ 85287. Linyun W. Yang ([email protected]) is assistant profes-
sor of marketing at the Darla Moore School of Business, Univ.
Beau Nelson posted Apr 6, 2020 1010 AM1. What positionpositi.docxgarnerangelika
Beau Nelson posted Apr 6, 2020 10:10 AM
1. What position/positions in your organization are accountable for workplace relations in your organization? What impact do they have? What programs are in place to impact relations at work? Provide specific examples.
My organization is unique. As a member of the IG, I am tasked with inspecting other organizations for compliance, readiness, resource management, and training. Most military organizations have a commander who is responsible for workplace relations in the organizations. The commander ‘s responsibilities include executing the mission, leading people, managing resources, and improving the unit (Air Force Instruction 1-2, 2014).
The commander is responsible for the organization but is not alone. The First Sergeant is responsible for ensuring the force understands the commander’s goals, objectives, and policies. The first Sergeant must communicate with other leaders in the unit and be familiar with personnel programs, professional military education, financial needs, family matters to include housing (Air Force Instruction 36-2113, 2014).
There are many other personnel responsible for workplace relations in the organization. Supervisors at all levels, Equal Opportunity, the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response office, the Inspector General, and the legal office. All these key organizations play a role in the organizations under their span of control.
2. If you were an HR manager in a private-sector organization, what key programs would you implement to improve employee-employer relations? Why?
The first program I would implement is streamlined communication. If assigned to a large organization I would look at developing a smart phone application to help with the follow of communication. Employees want to know where they fit in the organization and what they are working toward (Smith, 2017).
Another program I would ensure was developed was a recognition program. Gallup recently completed a survey showing fifty-three percent of employees are not engaged, another survey showed workers who give their management a lower rating is more likely to apply or interview for other positions (Duran, 2020).
Finally, a program I believe is essential today is a career development program. In a survey in 2018, forty-two percent of millennials said their current employer provide learning, development, and training opportunities (Witkin, 2018). Eighty six percent of millennials say they would stay at their current job if the company offered development training opportunities (Duran, 2020).
3. How would you determine the added value of your programs?
As with most programs a Return on Investment (ROI) Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) should be performed. A BCR greater than one shows the program has worth and is not losing the organization money (Kaminski, & Lopes, 2009). ROI was deemed impossible to calculate for human resources, but that is no longer the case (SHRM, 2016).
R.
BE6-5 In its first month of operation, Moraine Company purchased 100.docxgarnerangelika
BE6-5 In its first month of operation, Moraine Company purchased 100 units of inventory
for $6, then 200 units for $7, and finally 140 units for $8. At the end of the month,
180 units remained. Compute the amount of phantom profit that would result if the company
used FIFO rather than LIFO. Explain why this amount is referred to as phantom
profit. The company uses the periodic method.
.
Bear in mind what you learned about Imagism as you answer one of.docxgarnerangelika
Bear in mind what you learned about Imagism as you answer one of the following questions geared towards showcasing what you've learned about this aspect of the Modernist movement. NO OUTSIDE SOURCES may be used for this and other discussion posts.
1) Pound’s definition of the image was “that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time." How does "In a Station at the Metro" fall in line with this definition? What is the intellectual and emotional complex being presented here?
2) If Imagist poetry deals with fleeting associations, what role is Helen as a figure playing in this poem? What revisions are being made to the myth in terms of how Helen is represented?
3) William Carlos Williams is famous for turning ordinary objects into poetic subjects with meaning. How does he accomplish this in “The Red Wheelbarrow”? What overall tone or feeling are you left with at the end of this? How does “The Red Wheelbarrow” work within the scope of Imagism?
.
Be the Chair of the Federal Reserve BankGo to the following si.docxgarnerangelika
Be the Chair of the Federal Reserve Bank
Go to the following site and play the Fed Chairman game.
http://sffed-education.org/chairman/
Then, answer the following questions
1. How did you do?
2. Did you get reappointed? Why, or why not? Explain.
3. Were you dismissed? Why, or why not? Explain.
4. What did you learn from this exercise? Explain
.
Be sure to support with reference to the week’s Learning Resources.docxgarnerangelika
Be sure to support with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA Style.
Continuous Variable
The continuous variable I selected is “Problems w/Public Health Clinics”. The means for this data is 7.43, the median is 7.4335 and the mode is 0. For the variable, the mean is the best measure it incorporates every value of this variable making it more representative of the variable (Frankfort-Nachmias, Leon-Guerrero, & Davis, 2020). The standard deviation is 5.11961, this number represents the difference of the data points from the mean. This number means that the scores regarding problems with health clinics differed from the mean by 5.11961. The variance is 26.210 describes the degree to which the data points are spread. I would describe this variable as having a lot of variability and extreme. Those that had no problems with public clinics more than double the amount of those that had a median amount of problems and triple those that had lots of problems.
Categorical Variable
Categorical variables are nominal or ordinal and cannot be described with mean or median. The best central tendency for these variables are mode, which is the score that shows up most frequently (Frankfort-Nachmias, Leon-Guerrero, & Davis, 2020). The categorical variable I selected is “country’s present economic condition compared to 12 months ago”, is mode is a tie for same and better all with the frequency of 2872 and a percent of 27.8%. This variable has low variability. Most of the participants believe there has been a small change or no change in economic conditions over the past 12 months.
References
Frankfort-Nachmias, C., Leon-Guerrero, A., & Davis, G. (2020). Social statistics for a diverse society (9th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Wagner, III, W. E. (2020).
Using IBM® SPSS® statistics for research methods and social science statistics
(7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Chapter 4, “Organization and Presentation of Information”
Chapter 11, “Editing Output”
.
Be sure to read Making Arguments I before completing this discus.docxgarnerangelika
Be sure to read Making Arguments I before completing this discussion and watch the documentary, The Age of Consequences, at the address below; do set of viewing questions. Click here (The Age of Consequences, Viewing Set) to download a set of those questions. Remember: Conclusions must be typed in blue font and appear at the very END of your argument all semester long (two sentence length or less only)!
Your discussion forum response is a reply to the question below. Do NOT post your responses to the viewing set questions here.
Documentary, The Age of Consequences (Links to an external site.)
The consensus of the American security experts interviewed for the documentary is that climate changes are occurring and that a certain amount of change is already built in and will continue to occur over the course of our lifetimes.
Many places in the documentary describe large-scale displacements of people due to changing climate factors where millions and tens of millions of people have been forced to re-locate to secure food and water. The experts unanimously point out the de-stabilizing effects of these mass migrations for the countries who receive them.
Do we have an ethical obligation to assist people caught up in these large-scale movements of people to help them secure the basic necessities of food, water, and a secure way of life. Why or why not?
Click on and read Making Arguments, Conclusions before completing this week's discussion assignment.
Your assignment will be graded according to the grading rubric.
Week 1 begins with 100:
Composition:
Do the postings show consistent attention to rules of grammar, spelling and proper citation?
Argument (reply to forum question):
Did the main argument give reasons that were connected to one another and then did these reasons have a connection to the conclusion? Did the main argument show good development?
Conclusion:
Was the conclusion written according to week 1 directions with font made blue and restricted to two sentences or less?
The Age of Consequences, Viewing Set
“We must contemplate some extremely unpleasant possibilities simply because we want to avoid them.”
Conflict
1. What climate factor and what crop created local support for the Taliban in Afghanistan?
2. What climate factor frames the civil war in Syria? When did the climate event begin? How
many people were displaced by it? How much did Syrian cities grow in that period? Was the
drought in the region due to climate change?
3. What did ISIS promise to those who were displaced in the Syrian region? What resource fear
drives ISIS strategy?
Instability
4. What climate factors caused the conflict in Somalia in the early 90s?
5. Around 2000 who began to recognize the connection between climate change and national
security? What was the name of the 2003 Pentagon study that announced the policy change?
6. What group composed of Generals from all five services has changed the go.
Be sure to mark your calendars with your day.
Points:
Outline: 20 points
Leading Prayer: 10 points
Overview
Theme:
In keeping with the topic of the class this semester and the year’s theme of love your neighbor, the theme of the prayer assignment this semester calls you to explore a world religion. Part of exploring world religions and loving your neighbor includes broadening your knowledge of spirituality, both of religious and humanist traditions. For your prayer/reflection assignment, you may choose from a world religion or a humanist tradition. For example, if the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (LDS) has interest to you, your prayer plan may include a traditional LDS prayer. If you are an atheist, then you may wish to research humanist traditions or share a piece of literature, music, or art that expresses your spirituality or foundational belief.
Format:
Similar to your freshman and sophomore year, your prayer outline is to be formatted as follows. (A sample prayer follows these instructions.)
1. Upper right corner of page one (1): Name, Block, Teacher’s name, Date of Prayer
2. Broken into the following sections: Opening; Brief explanation of the religion, group, or your world view; Prayer or Text; Reflection; Intentions; Closing.
3. Bold and underlined section headings.
Section Details:
Opening
Explain how you will open the prayer or reflection time. For example, will you ring the prayer bowl, invite everyone to do the sign of the cross, or invite them to a moment of silence?
Summary
In one or two paragraphs summarize the religion, group, or what has contributed to your world view. Either during or after your summary, be sure to cite the two resources you consulted or that have contributed to your world view.
Your summary or your personal story will include a visual or audio resource, such as a video clip, drawing, photograph, or song. You need only have one visual or audio resource during your prayer/reflection presentation, so decide if it will be in the summary or the reflection/prayer.
Prayer/Reflection
This can be a prayer from the religion, a text from the group, or text that has meaning for you. (A text can be a piece of art, video, song, piece of poetry or literature, or personal writing).
Your summary or your prayer will include a visual or audio resource, such as a video clip, drawing, photograph, or song. You need only have one visual or audio resource, choose if it will be in the summary or the prayer.
Intentions
Two intentions related to events occurring in the world that are in need of social justice (loving your neighbor). These events do not need to be related to your person or topic. With prior notification, these events may be changed due to current events at the time you lead prayer/reflection.
Intentions may be followed with “We pray to the Lord,” or a moment of silence. If you have an idea for another way to close them, please share it with the teacher.
Please note: .
Be sure to include insights on these three perspectives· Wh.docxgarnerangelika
Be sure to include insights on these three perspectives:
· What did you learn from other presentations?
· How the business processes in those presentations compare with yours?
· What additional recommendations that are not included in the presentation would you provide to this other organization?
.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
1. BCO221 GLOBAL ECONOMICS – Task brief & rubrics
Task brief
Description:
• Individual task.
• First, answer the following two questions (60%) Then, write a
report (40%).
Questions (60%)
Question 1 (30%). Explain the Bretton Woods system. You
should refer to:
o As a result of the Bretton Woods system, what happened with
the exchange rates?
Was it fixed? Was it floating? (10p)
o Why did the Bretton Woods system collapse? (10p)
o Would be such a system feasible nowadays?
Question 2 (30%). With reference to real world examples assess
the pros and cons of different
exchange rate systems. In your answer you should refer to:
o Floating exchange rate regimes – you should in particular
consider whether floating
currencies are condusive to promoting international trade.
2. o Pegged exchange rate regimes and pegged with bands
exchange rate regimes – you
should consider the possibility of currency crises in relation to
the pegged with bands
currency regimes and should consider an actual currency crisis
such as the 1992 Black
Wednesday Crisis for the pound and its membership of the
ERM.
o Single currencies – in relation to single currencies you should
consider the pros and
cons of the Euro, you should bring in the Optimal Currency
Area argument, and you
should in particular consider whether a nation like Greece in the
aftermath of the
2008 Financial Crisis suffered more than it would have if it had
not been a part of the
Eurozone (due to its inability to devalue its currency or
implement a looser monetary
policy) and you should also consider whether the ECB has
reponsed adequately to the
economic challenges of the current coronavirus crisis (i.e.
should the ECB be
implementing a looser monetary policy in particular right now).
You should consider
whether a one size monetary policy does fit all.
3. Report (40%)
You are asked to develop and write a final report to assess the
case study of the transition to electric
mobility and its effects in global economics. Your work should
come with in-depth reasoning and
justification with well founded facts, events, figures and
academic arguments. Please also refer to
authors, models, themes and concepts learned in the course. You
may define, evaluate and apply
these when needed. Critical thinking is welcomed when
justyfiying your alternatives and answers.
Please read the following case study summary about the 2019
edition of the Global EV Outlook,
which is the flagship publication of the Electric Vehicles
Initiative (EVI) within the IEA (International
energy agency), at the 10th Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM)
meeting that was held in Vancouver on 27
May 2019.
Electric car deployment has been growing rapidly over the past
ten years, with the global stock of
electric passenger cars passing 5 million in 2018, an increase of
63% from the previous year. Around
4. Stas Nepomnyashchiy
45% of electric cars on the road in 2018 were in China – a total
of 2.3 million – compared to 39% in
2017. In comparison, Europe accounted for 24% of the global
fleet, and the United States 22%.
Table 1. Global electric car sales and market share, 2013-18
The number of charging points worldwide was estimated to be
approximately 5.2 million at the end
of 2018, up 44% from the year before. Most of this increase was
in private charging points, accounting
for more than 90% of the 1.6 million installations last year.
Electric mobility is expanding at a rapid pace. In 2018, the
global electric car fleet exceeded 5.1
million, up 2 million from the previous year and almost
doubling the number of new electric car sales.
The People’s Republic of China remains the world’s largest
electric car market, followed by Europe
and the United States. Norway is the global leader in terms of
electric car market share.
5. Policies play a critical role. Leading countries in electric
mobility use a variety of measures such as
fuel economy standards coupled with incentives for zero- and
low-emissions vehicles, economic
instruments that help bridge the cost gap between electric and
conventional vehicles and support for
the deployment of charging infrastructure. Increasingly, policy
support is being extended to address
the strategic importance of the battery technology value chain.
Policies continue to have a major
influence on the development of electric mobility. EV uptake
typically starts with the establishment
of a set of targets, followed by the adoption of vehicle and
charging standards. An EV deployment plan
often includes procurement programmes to stimulate demand for
electric vehicles and to enable an
initial roll-out of publicly accessible charging infrastructure.
Fiscal incentives, especially important as
long as EVs purchase prices are higher than for ICE vehicles,
are often coupled with regulatory
measures that boost the value proposition of EVs (e.g. waivers
to access restrictions, lower toll or
parking fees) or embedding incentives for vehicles with low
tailpipe emissions (e.g. fuel economy
6. standards) or setting zero-emissions mandates. Policies to
support deployment of charging
infrastructure include minimum requirements to ensure EV
readiness in new or refurbished buildings
and parking lots, and the roll-out of publicly accessible chargers
in cities and on highway networks.
Adoption of standards facilitates inter-operability of various
types of charging infrastructure.
Table 2. EV-related policies in selected regions
Technology advances are delivering substantial cost cuts. Key
enablers are developments in battery
chemistry and expansion of production capacity in
manufacturing plants. Other solutions include the
redesign of vehicle manufacturing platforms using simpler and
innovative design architecture, and the
application of big data to right size batteries. Technology
developments are delivering substantial cost
reductions. Advances in technology and cost cutting are
expected to continue. Key enablers are
developments in battery chemistry and expansion of production
capacity in manufacturing plants. The
7. dynamic development of battery technologies as well as
recognition of the importance of EVs to
achieve further cost reductions in the broad realm of battery
storage has put the strategic relevance
of large-scale battery manufacturing in the limelight of policy
attention.
Other technology developments are also expected to contribute
to cost reductions. These include the
possibility to redesign vehicle manufacturing platforms using
simpler and innovative design
architecture that capitalise on the compact dimensions of
electric motors, and that EVs have much
fewer moving parts than ICE vehicles. As well as the use of big
data to customise battery size to travel
needs and avoid over sizing the batteries, which is especially
relevant for heavy-duty vehicles.
The private sector is responding proactively to the policy
signals and technology developments. An
increasing number of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)
have declared intentions to electrify
the models they offer, not only for cars, but also for other
modes of road transport. Investment in
battery manufacturing is growing, notably in China and Europe.
Utilities, charging point operators,
8. charging hardware manufacturers and other stakeholders in the
power sector are also increasing
investment in the roll-out of charging infrastructure. This takes
place in an environment that is
increasingly showing signs of consolidation, with several
acquisitions by utilities and major energy
companies.
Other developments to induce continued cost cuts include
options to redesign vehicle manufacturing
platforms to use simpler and innovative design architecture,
taking advantage of the compact
dimensions of electric motors and capitalising on the presence
of much fewer moving parts in EVs
than in ICE vehicles. This is in line with a recent statement
from Volkswagen concerning the
development of a new vehicle manufacturing platform to
achieve cost parity between EV and ICE
vehicles. Adapting battery sizes to travel needs (matching the
range of vehicles to consumer travel
habits) is also critical to reduce cost by avoiding “oversizing”
of batteries in vehicles. For example,
instruments allowing real-time tracking of truck positioning to
facilitate rightsizing of batteries. Close
9. co-operation between manufacturers to design purpose-built
EVs are not only relevant for freight
transport, but also in order to meet range, passenger capacity
and cargo space requirements for
vehicles used in shared passenger fleets (e.g. taxis and ride-
sharing).
Technology is progressing for chargers, partly because of
increasing interest in EVs for heavy-duty
applications (primarily buses, but also trucks). Standards have
been developed for high-power
chargers (up to 600 kilowatts [kW]). There is growing interest
in mega-chargers that could charge at 1
megawatt (MW) or more (e.g. for use in heavy trucks, shipping
and aviation).
Private sector response to public policy signals confirms the
escalating momentum for
electrification of transport. In particular, recent announcements
by vehicle manufacturers are
ambitious regarding intentions to electrify the car and bus
markets. Battery manufacturing is also
undergoing important transitions, including major investments
to expand production. Utilities,
charging point operators, charging hardware manufacturers and
10. other power sector stakeholders are
also boosting investment in charging infrastructure. The private
sector is responding proactively to
the EV-related policy signals and technology developments.
Recently, German auto manufacturers
such as Volkswagen announced ambitious plans to electrify the
car market. Chinese manufacturers
such as BYD and Yutong have been active in Europe and Latin
America to deploy electric buses.
European manufacturers such as Scania, Solaris, VDL, Volvo
and others, and North American
companies (Proterra, New Flyer) have been following suit. In
2018, several truck manufacturers
announced plans to increase electrification of their product
lines.
Battery manufacturing is undergoing important transitions,
notably with increasing investment in
China and Europe from a variety of companies, such as BYD
and CATL (Chinese); LG Chem, Samsung
SDI, SK Innovation (Korean) and Panasonic (Japanese). This
adds to the already vast array of battery
producers, which led to overcapacity in recent years, and
confirms that major manufacturers have
increased confidence in rising demand for battery cells, not
11. least because major automakers such as
BMW, Daimler and Volkswagen are looking to secure supply of
automotive batteries.
Utilities, charging point operators, charging hardware
manufacturers and other stakeholders in the
power sector are increasing investment in charging
infrastructure. This is taking place in a business
climate that is increasingly showing signs of consolidation, with
several acquisitions from utilities as
well as major energy companies that traditionally focus on oil.
This covers private charging at home,
publicly accessible chargers at key destinations and workplaces,
as well as fast chargers, especially on
highways. Examples of investments covering various types of
chargers come from ChargePoint, EDF,
Enel (via Enel X), Engie (via EV-Box). Some utilities (e.g.
Iberdrola), automakers and consortia including
auto industry stakeholders (e.g. Ionity) focus mostly on
highway fast charging.
The projected EV stock in the New Policies Scenario would cut
demand for oil products by 127
million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) (about 2.5 million
barrels per day [mb/d]) in 2030, while
with more EVs the in the [email protected] Scenario the reduced
12. oil demand is estimated at 4.3 mb/d.
Absent adjustments to current taxation schemes, this could
affect governments’ tax revenue base
derived from vehicle and fuel taxes, which is an important
source of revenue for the development and
maintenance of transport infrastructure, among other goals.
Opportunities exist to balance potential
reductions in revenue, but their implementation will require
careful attention to social acceptability
of the measures. In the near term, possible solutions include
adjusting the emissions thresholds (or
the emissions profile) that define the extent to which vehicle
registration taxes are subject to
differentiated fees (or rebates), adjustments of the taxes applied
to oil-based fuels and revisions of
the road-use charges (e.g. tolls) applied to vehicles with
different environmental performances. In the
longer term, gradually increasing taxes on carbon-intensive
fuels, combined with the use of location-
specific distance-based approached can support the long-term
transition to zero-emissions mobility
while maintaining revenue from transport taxes. Location-
specific distance-based charges are also
13. well suited to manage the impacts of disruptive technologies in
road transport, including those related
to electrification, automation and shared mobility services.
The EV uptake and related battery production requirements
imply bigger demand for new materials
in the automotive sector, requiring increased attention to raw
materials supply. Traceability and
transparency of raw material supply chains are key instruments
to help address the criticalities
associated with raw material supply by fostering sustainable
sourcing of minerals. The development
of binding regulatory frameworks is important to ensure that
international multi-stakeholder co-
operation can effectively address these challenges. The battery
end-of-life management – including
second-life applications of automotive batteries, standards for
battery waste management and
environmental requirements on battery design – is also crucial
to reduce the volumes of critical raw
materials needed for batteries and to limit risks of shortages.
Absent adjustments to current transport-related taxation
schemes, the increasing uptake of electric
14. vehicles has the potential to change the tax revenue base
derived from vehicle and fuel taxes.
Gradually increasing taxes on carbon-intensive fuels, combined
with the use of location-specific
distance-based charges can support the long-term transition to
zero-emissions mobility while
maintaining revenue from taxes on transportation.
Questions to answer in your report (10% each):
The electric car is an innovation that will be a high disruptive
change and that will have an important
effect into the global economics and the geopolitical
international relations. As you know, petroleum
is a key driver for geopolitics and an innovation from the
technological point of view can imply
different global economics relations and geopolitics relations.
Please answer the following questions
based on the previous text
1) What will be the effects of the transition to electric mobility
on the oil market (demand, price,
supply, …). What will be the economic impacts and
consequences in the world’s top oil
15. producers?
2) What type of trading and economic policies should be
developed and promoted by the
economic blocs (BRICS, EU, …) to enhance this transition and
prospect for their enhanced
growth? How will this transition impact into their trade
balances? How will this transition
affect the exchanges rates of the main world currencies?
3) What will be the effects on the multinational automotive
companies and their international
operations? How should they react to this disruptive innovation
in order to adapt to this
transition? How will this innovation affect their 3 main types of
foreign investments (vertical,
horizontal and conglomerate)?
4) How the international relations could be changed because of
this disruptive innovation and its
international consequences? Do you consider these new
international relations could add new
values for the society so the corporate social responsibility can
be developed and it can imply
a positive impact into society welfare?
16. Formalities:
• Wordcount: From 2000 to 3000 words.
• Cover, Table of Contents, References and Appendix are
excluded of the total wordcount.
• Font: Arial 12,5 pts.
• Text alignment: Justified.
• The in-text References and the Bibliography have to be in
Harvard’s citation style.
Assignment Launch: Week 10.
Submission: Week 13 – Via Moodle (Turnitin). Submission will
be accepted all Week 13: From the
4
th
to the 10
th
of May.
Weight: This task is a 40% of your total grade for this subject.
Outcomes: This task assesses the following learning outcomes:
• Develop a complex understanding of the main concepts of
international economics and how
to apply them.
• Understand and analyze the different global economic
theories.
19. relevant
theoretical
paradigms/mod
els and data for
analysis (a few
key aspects
might be
missing).
Student makes
an attempt to
engage with
theory/data in
a critical
manner.
Student
employs a
limited range of
theoretical
20. paradigms/mod
els and/or data
for analysis
(although some
key aspects
might be
missing).
Student may be
unsuccessful in
attempts to
engage
critically with
theory/data.
Student employs
insufficient/irrelev
ant theoretical
paradigms/model
21. s and/or data for
analysis.
Student makes no
attempt to engage
with theory/data
in a critical
manner.
Critical
evaluation
(30%)
Student
effectively
engages in
critical
evaluation of all
aspects
presented in
22. the brief.
Student makes
a good attempt
at engaging in
critical
evaluation of
most aspects
presented in
the brief.
Student makes
a fair attempt
at engaging in
critical
evaluation of
some aspects
presented in
the brief
(argument
23. might be
weak).
Student makes an
insufficient
attempt to
critically evaluate
aspects presented
in the brief.
Critical
discussion &
formulation
of proposals
(30%)
Student
effectively
leads discussion
towards strong
25. proposals.
Student fails to
lead discussion
towards relevant
proposals.
Communicati
on
(10%)
Student
includes all
relevant
sections,
meeting
professional
standards of
presentation.
Correct
referencing