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The Future of
Connected Cars
Kun-Da Wu
Dec 15, 2017
Outline
●  Why Connected Cars matters?
●  What is Connected Car?
●  Technologies & Applications
Why Connected
Car matters?
> 1.2M
People die each year on the roads worldwide
Source: Global Status Report on Road Safety, World Health Organization 2015
Driving Fatalities/Injuries
3.1B
gallons of fuels wasted due traffic congestion in the US.
Source: Texas Transportation Institute Urban Mobility Report, 2015
Fuels are wasted
14%
of all global warming emissions from transportation
Source: U.S, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2014
Global Warm Emissions
Goal of Future Automotive
Safety
Energy
Saving
Comfort
Driving
Vision for the Connected Cars
A safer, more efficient, more enjoyable driving experience
Safer Greener Comfort
Always connected
Autonomous
Increasingly
electric
Highly Intelligent
Highly secure
What is Connected
Car?
Types of Cars with Internet
Telematics system
App
3G/LTE
Telematics system
BT/WiFi 3G/LTE
App
Telematics system
Telematics system
Dongle
OBD II BT
3G/LTE
USB 3G/LTE
Analytics
Analytics
Analytics
App
App
Analytics
Embedded Apps External apps
Internet of Cars
(Connected Cars)
Use wireless technologies to “connect”
cars with each other and/or human and
environment
Connected and Autonomous Cars
Cars with Internet Connection
●  3G, 4G,LTE, 5G
●  Use commercial wireless
networks
●  OnStar, Ford Sync, BMW
Connect
Capabilities
●  Based upon maps
locally stored in car
●  Use autonomous
sensor fusion in car
○  GPS
○  Radar
○  Lidar
○  Camera
○  V2X
Vehicle Interconnection
●  Dedicated Short Range
Communication (DSRC)
●  Cellular technologies
Connected Cars Autonomous Cars
SAE level of Autonomous
●  Level 1: Hands on
assisted
●  Level 2: Hands off-
vehicle monitors and
controls. Driver be ready
immediately
●  Level 3: Eyes off—
vehicle manages, but
driver be ready in some
period of time
●  Level 4: Mind off—in
certain domains, vehicle
manages all aspects
●  Level 5: No wheel
needed— vehicle
manages all domains
V2X (Vehicle to Everything) is enabling technologies for both
V2X is Key to
Automotive of
Future
Communication for vehicles to exchange
data with each other , the infrastructure
and networks
It covers
V2V, V2I, V2P (Vehicle
interconnection)
and
V2N (Cars with Internet
Connections)
What is Dedicated Short-Range
Communication (DSRC)?
●  Connected cars using Wi-Fi (802.11p)
●  High speed (low latency) broadcast
○  Suited for V2V or V2I safety
○  DSRC also support other applications
●  Extensive research tested the safety
benefit of DSRC-based applications
How DSRC-equipped Cars work?
●  A WiFi router on board
●  Safety Message is
transmitted 10x/second,
360 degree, ~300 meters
●  Function at 5.9GHz
Limitations/Issues of DSRC
●  A security credential management
is required for operation
○  Trust between different brands/OEMs
○  A public-key infrastructure
○  USDOT (美國運輸部) is assessing the
governance roles for security network
●  Low scalability and reliability
○  A high traffic density on road leads to
high interference in the communication
channels. This high interference results
in a poor packet success probability
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM)
In December 2016, NHTSA (美國國家公路交通安全管理
局) announced a plan for rulemaking on V2V
communications
“to require all new light vehicles to be capable of Vehicle-to-Vehicle
(‘V2V”) communications, such that they will send and receive Basic
Safety Messages to and from other vehicles”
“NHTSA proposes to mandate DSRC technology—A DSRC unit in
a vehicle sends out and receives ‘‘basic safety messages’’ (BSMs).
Interesting Comments to NPRM
●  5G Automotive Alliance (5GAA) Proposes use of 5G
Wireless
○  Cellular V2X Protocol based upon LTE= C-V2X: PC5
○  Members include:
■  Qualcomm
■  BMW, Audi, Daimler
■  Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei
○  Proponents argue for improved performance, spectrum efficiency and leveraged
security infrastructure
C-V2X Reuse Upper Layers Defined by
Automotive Industries
●  Part of Release 14 of 3GPP
standard
●  Reuse of DSRC established app and
service layers
●  Builds upon existing LTE
connectivity
●  Continuous enhancements to radio
layers
LTE Direct
C-V2X Defines Two Complementary
Transmission Modes
C-V2X Reduces Cost of Infrastructure
Deployment
Opening Up Diverse Business Models
Home to Car
Car to Home
Car to Office
Car to
Everywhere
Parking Lot
Finder
Usage-based
Insurance
Safety
Energy Saving
~ Thank you ~

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The Future of Connected Car - V2X is an enabling technology for Autonomous Cars

  • 1. The Future of Connected Cars Kun-Da Wu Dec 15, 2017
  • 2. Outline ●  Why Connected Cars matters? ●  What is Connected Car? ●  Technologies & Applications
  • 4.
  • 5. > 1.2M People die each year on the roads worldwide Source: Global Status Report on Road Safety, World Health Organization 2015 Driving Fatalities/Injuries
  • 6.
  • 7. 3.1B gallons of fuels wasted due traffic congestion in the US. Source: Texas Transportation Institute Urban Mobility Report, 2015 Fuels are wasted
  • 8. 14% of all global warming emissions from transportation Source: U.S, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2014 Global Warm Emissions
  • 9. Goal of Future Automotive Safety Energy Saving Comfort Driving
  • 10. Vision for the Connected Cars A safer, more efficient, more enjoyable driving experience Safer Greener Comfort Always connected Autonomous Increasingly electric Highly Intelligent Highly secure
  • 12. Types of Cars with Internet Telematics system App 3G/LTE Telematics system BT/WiFi 3G/LTE App Telematics system Telematics system Dongle OBD II BT 3G/LTE USB 3G/LTE Analytics Analytics Analytics App App Analytics Embedded Apps External apps
  • 13. Internet of Cars (Connected Cars) Use wireless technologies to “connect” cars with each other and/or human and environment
  • 14. Connected and Autonomous Cars Cars with Internet Connection ●  3G, 4G,LTE, 5G ●  Use commercial wireless networks ●  OnStar, Ford Sync, BMW Connect Capabilities ●  Based upon maps locally stored in car ●  Use autonomous sensor fusion in car ○  GPS ○  Radar ○  Lidar ○  Camera ○  V2X Vehicle Interconnection ●  Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) ●  Cellular technologies Connected Cars Autonomous Cars SAE level of Autonomous ●  Level 1: Hands on assisted ●  Level 2: Hands off- vehicle monitors and controls. Driver be ready immediately ●  Level 3: Eyes off— vehicle manages, but driver be ready in some period of time ●  Level 4: Mind off—in certain domains, vehicle manages all aspects ●  Level 5: No wheel needed— vehicle manages all domains V2X (Vehicle to Everything) is enabling technologies for both
  • 15. V2X is Key to Automotive of Future Communication for vehicles to exchange data with each other , the infrastructure and networks It covers V2V, V2I, V2P (Vehicle interconnection) and V2N (Cars with Internet Connections)
  • 16. What is Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC)? ●  Connected cars using Wi-Fi (802.11p) ●  High speed (low latency) broadcast ○  Suited for V2V or V2I safety ○  DSRC also support other applications ●  Extensive research tested the safety benefit of DSRC-based applications
  • 17. How DSRC-equipped Cars work? ●  A WiFi router on board ●  Safety Message is transmitted 10x/second, 360 degree, ~300 meters ●  Function at 5.9GHz
  • 18. Limitations/Issues of DSRC ●  A security credential management is required for operation ○  Trust between different brands/OEMs ○  A public-key infrastructure ○  USDOT (美國運輸部) is assessing the governance roles for security network ●  Low scalability and reliability ○  A high traffic density on road leads to high interference in the communication channels. This high interference results in a poor packet success probability
  • 19. Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) In December 2016, NHTSA (美國國家公路交通安全管理 局) announced a plan for rulemaking on V2V communications “to require all new light vehicles to be capable of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (‘V2V”) communications, such that they will send and receive Basic Safety Messages to and from other vehicles” “NHTSA proposes to mandate DSRC technology—A DSRC unit in a vehicle sends out and receives ‘‘basic safety messages’’ (BSMs).
  • 20. Interesting Comments to NPRM ●  5G Automotive Alliance (5GAA) Proposes use of 5G Wireless ○  Cellular V2X Protocol based upon LTE= C-V2X: PC5 ○  Members include: ■  Qualcomm ■  BMW, Audi, Daimler ■  Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei ○  Proponents argue for improved performance, spectrum efficiency and leveraged security infrastructure
  • 21. C-V2X Reuse Upper Layers Defined by Automotive Industries ●  Part of Release 14 of 3GPP standard ●  Reuse of DSRC established app and service layers ●  Builds upon existing LTE connectivity ●  Continuous enhancements to radio layers LTE Direct
  • 22. C-V2X Defines Two Complementary Transmission Modes
  • 23. C-V2X Reduces Cost of Infrastructure Deployment
  • 24. Opening Up Diverse Business Models
  • 25. Home to Car Car to Home
  • 26. Car to Office Car to Everywhere