The document discusses various conditional structures in English grammar: 1) The first conditional is used to talk about real possibilities and cause and effect relationships using the structure "if + present, future". 2) The second conditional expresses hypothetical, unlikely or imaginary situations using the structure "if + past simple, would + verb". 3) Modal verbs like may, might, could, should and shouldn't are used to express different levels of possibility, probability, advice and obligation.

1. TheFirstConditional
Use:
Totalkabout real possibilities.
Totalkaboutpossiblefuturesituations.
Totalkabout a cause and itsconsequence.
Ifshegoes jogging shewill be fit.
Shewill be fitifshegoes jogging.
IF can be in thebeginningor in themiddle.
Example:
If Joseph studies, he willpasstheexam.
Joseph willpasstheexamif he studies.
We use:
IfPresentsimple ,Future (WILL)
Future (WILL) ifPresent simple
1.- Complete thesentenceswiththecorrectform of theverbs in brackets.
a. Wewillpass (pass) theexaminationifwestudyhard.
b. Ifyou_________(go) toseethis film, youwillhave a good time.
c. If he __________(play) sport, he willlivelonger.
d. She ___________(not be) anarchitectifshedoesn’tgotouniversity.
e. They __________(ring) usifwegivethemourphonenumber.
f. Ifwe___________ (notsolve) theproblem, wewon’tgettheprize.
2. Complete thesentenceswiththecorrectform of theverbs in brackets.
a. Ifwe (notgo) now, we (miss) the bus.
Ifwedon’tgonow, wewill miss the bus.

2. b. You (be) tiredifyou (notsleep).
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c. IftheSpanishteam (get) tothe final match, they (be) theWorld
Champions.
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d. Ifyou (help) me, I (give) you a lot of money.
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e. Ifwe (sing) somecarols, they (be) happy.
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3. Writesentencesusingthefirstconditional.
a. theweather / be goodwe / go /tothebeachtomorrow.
Iftheweatherisgood, wewillgotothebeachtomorrow.
b. you / go / toschoolonfootyou / be / late.
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c. I / have / money I / buy / you a present.
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d. I / do / myhomework I / find / my notebook.
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3. TheSecondConditional
Imaginarysituations
Whatwouldyou do ifyousaw Robert Pattinson at Real Plaza?
I would ...
(I’d …. )
Whatwouldyou do ifyousaw Taylor Lautner at Real Plaza?
I would ...
(I’d …. )
I wouldkisshim.
I wouldtake a picture.
I would invite himtoeatout.
Use :
A.- Whenwe are thinkingabout a situation in
thepresentorfuturewhichishypothetical, unlikelyorunreal, we use:
IF – CLAUSEMAIN CLAUSE
If + Simple PastWould + Verb
Example:
If I had a milliondollars, I wouldbuy a bighouse.
We can reverse theorder:
MAIN CLAUSEIF – CLAUSE
Would + VerbIf + Simple Past

4. Example:
Theywouldtravelaroundtheworldifthey won thelottery.
B.- We can use could / might in themainclauseinstead of would.
Examples:
If Tom didn’tpasstheexam, he couldn’tgototheuniversity.
Paul mightgetscaredif he saw a ghost.
C.- Togiveoraskforadvice, we use were (it’s more formal). Butpeopleoften
use was in spoken English.
Examples:
If I wereyou, I’dgetmarried.
If Jenny weren’tshy, she ‘d have more friends.
Let’scheck!
I.- Work in pairs as in theexample:
Whatwouldyou do ifyoufoundmoneyonthestreet?
Whatwouldyou do ifyouwereoffered Candy from a stranger?
Whatwouldyou do ifyouwereaskedtokeep a horrible secret?
Whatwouldyou do ifyoutherewas a snake in yourbedroom?
You (meet) your ex-girlfriend /ex-boyfriendin a discotheque.

5. You (get) ananonymousValentine.
II.- Look at thepictures and complete thesentencesusingthewords in the
box.

6. May, Might, Could
ForPresent and FuturePosibility
May&Might:
May&mightsometimeshavevirtuallythesamemeaning; they are
usedtotalkaboutpossibilities in thepast, presentorfuture. ("Could"
isalsosometimesused).
Mayissometimes a little bit "more sure" (50% chance);
whereasmightexpresses more doubt (maybeonly a 30% chance).
May&might are used, then, for:
Talkingaboutthepresentorfuturewithuncertainty.
Shemay be back in her office: thelecturefinished ten minutes ago.

7. I maygo shopping tonight, I haven'tdecidedyet.
India mightwintheWorld Cup, youneverknow.
May:
Talkingaboutthingsthat can happen in certainsituations.
Ifthemonitors are used in poorlylit places,
someusersmayexperienceheadaches.
Each nurse may be responsiblefor up totwentypatients.
Might:
Sayingthatsomethingwaspossible, butdidnotactuallyhappen.
Yousaw me standing at the bus stop!Youmighthavestopped and given me a
lift!
Futureprobability:
Could (NOT can) issometimesused in thesameway as mightormay,
oftenindicatingsomethinglessdefinite.
When I leaveuniversity I mighttravelaround a bit, I might do an MA or I
suppose I couldevenget a job.
Presentpossibility:
I thinkyoucould be rightyouknow. (NOT can) Thatcan't be therightanswer,
itjustdoesn'tmakesense.

8. Pastpossibility:
IfI'dknownthelecturehadbeencancelled, I couldhavestayed in bedlonger.
Should and Shouldn’t
We use shouldtogiveadvice.
Webelieveitis a goodthingtodo oritistherightthingto do.
Example:
Youshouldeat vegetables.
Tom shouldgotobedearly. He goestobedvery late and he isalways
tired.
Itis a good film. Youshouldgo and seeit.
Whenyouplaytennis, youshouldalwayswatchtheball.
We use shouldnot (shouldn’t) tosayitis NOT a goodthingto do.
Examples:
Youshouldn’tsmoke. Itisbadforyourhealth.
Youwatch TV allthe time. Youshouldn’twatch TV so much.
Youshouldn’tspendall of yourmoney.
Youshouldn’tdrink and drive.
I

9. You
WeSHOULD-watch
TheyOR VERB- go
He SHOULDN’T- eat
She
It
Weoften use theverbthinkwithshould:
SUBJECTVERB
I think ……………. should ……………..
Examples:
It’s late Mark. I think I shouldgo home and havedinner.
I think Jane shouldsee a doctor.
Itis late. I think I shouldgo home.
Itis 12 o’clock. I thinkweshouldeatour lunch.
SUBJECTVERB
I don’tthink ………. should ………..
Examples:
I don’tthinkweshouldbuythis car Bob.
I don’tthinkyoushouldeatchocolate allthe time.
I don’tthinkweshouldgonow. Itisveryearly.
I don’tthinktheyshouldbuythatcar. Itisveryexpensive.
6 Complete thesentenceswiththecorrectphrasewithget.

10. Example: Alison’smainway of communicatingisviahercomputer.
Sheusuallygetshundreds of emails a day.
1 He got _________ late thismorning and was late forwork.
2 Theonlywaytoget _________ isto do exercise.
3 Theydecidedtoget _________ in thechurch in
theirgrandmother’svillage.
4 He gotvery _________ aftertheaccident. He startedshouting and
hisfacewentbright red.
5 I lovegetting _________ in the post butitdoesn’thappenveryoftennow.
Allmyfriends use email.
6 David got _________ as a managementconsultantlastyear.
He’sdoingverywell.
7 Wegot _________ in thecity centre. Wefinallyfoundthe hotel
afteranhour and a half.
8 I couldn’tget a taxi onSaturdaynight so I waitedfor a bus. I got
_________ really late and Dad wasveryangry.