The fecundity of brackish river prawn (macrobrachium macrobrachion, herklots, 1851) from great kwa river, obufa esuk beach, calabar, cross river state, nigeria
I. This study examined the fecundity of the brackish river prawn (Macrobrachium macrobrachion) from the Great Kwa River in Nigeria over a six month period.
II. The number of eggs ranged from 63 to 14,531 with a mean of 4,420.58 eggs per female. Egg diameters ranged from 0.26 to 0.38mm.
III. A strong positive correlation was found between female body size (weight, length, carapace length) and number of eggs. Fecundity increased linearly with body size.
The culture of maintenance ornamental fish among Iranian people is developing every day. One of the most important factors in selection aquarium fish is behavior of feeding. The feeding behavior of Guppy is poorly documented. In this experiment we study feeding behavior in P. reticulata by six treatments. Six aquariums with the same dimension were used and two points A & B with the maximum distance from each other were selected in each aquarium. In aquarium No.1 hand move with feeding in point A, in aquarium No.2 hand move without feeding in point A, in aquarium No.3 hand moves in point A and feeding in point B, in aquarium No.4 feeding without hand move in point B, in aquarium No.5 in semi dark conditions hand move with feeding in point A and finally in aquarium No.6 in darkness conditions hand move with feeding in point A were done. In aquarium No.1, 94% of fish moved to point A and in aquarium No.2 it was about 92%. In aquarium No.3, 95.5% of fish moved to point A and in Aquarium No.4, 74.5% of fish moved to point B. In aquarium No 5 and 6, 96% and 99.5% of fish moved and didn’t move to point A, respectively. Our results showed that this species is a visual feeder and a good aquarium fish for their feeding behavior.
Article Citation:
Rajaei M, Nematollahi MA, Bahmaninezhad A and Lotfizadeh A.
Behavior of Feeding in Guppy: Poecilia reticulata.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 001-006.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0004.pdf
Studies on the Phyllosoma Larva of the Indian Rock Lobster, Panulirus Homarus...ijtsrd
Attempts were made to develop a technique to rear the phyllosoma larvae of Panulirus homarus. The biological characters like fecundity, hatching percentage, larval morphological changes, feed inputs and moulting frequency till the fourth moult were studied. Morphometric and meristic characters of the larvae were also studied till the 42ndday. The larval output was directly proportional to the size of the gravid brood stock. Relationship between the duration of culture X and length of the larvae Y were shown by the relationships Y intercept = 0.5780 ± 0.1074 and X intercept = 0.7283 r2 = 0.8519 . There was significant p 0.0001 positive relationship between total length TL and carapace width CW of phyllosoma larvae. S. Lazarus | J. C. Nisha | R. Thangaraja "Studies on the Phyllosoma Larva of the Indian Rock Lobster, Panulirus Homarus Linnaeus, 1758" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31676.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/molecular-biology/31676/studies-on-the-phyllosoma-larva-of-the-indian-rock-lobster-panulirus-homarus-linnaeus-1758/s-lazarus
Distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among berseem crop at Okara dis...Innspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among berseem crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Trifolium crop on fortnight basis through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Departmentof Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Overall maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the berseem crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity, vegetation and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. It was concluded that despite to cosmopolitan nature, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play a key role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/distribution-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-berseem-crop-at-okara-district-pakistan/
The culture of maintenance ornamental fish among Iranian people is developing every day. One of the most important factors in selection aquarium fish is behavior of feeding. The feeding behavior of Guppy is poorly documented. In this experiment we study feeding behavior in P. reticulata by six treatments. Six aquariums with the same dimension were used and two points A & B with the maximum distance from each other were selected in each aquarium. In aquarium No.1 hand move with feeding in point A, in aquarium No.2 hand move without feeding in point A, in aquarium No.3 hand moves in point A and feeding in point B, in aquarium No.4 feeding without hand move in point B, in aquarium No.5 in semi dark conditions hand move with feeding in point A and finally in aquarium No.6 in darkness conditions hand move with feeding in point A were done. In aquarium No.1, 94% of fish moved to point A and in aquarium No.2 it was about 92%. In aquarium No.3, 95.5% of fish moved to point A and in Aquarium No.4, 74.5% of fish moved to point B. In aquarium No 5 and 6, 96% and 99.5% of fish moved and didn’t move to point A, respectively. Our results showed that this species is a visual feeder and a good aquarium fish for their feeding behavior.
Article Citation:
Rajaei M, Nematollahi MA, Bahmaninezhad A and Lotfizadeh A.
Behavior of Feeding in Guppy: Poecilia reticulata.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 001-006.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0004.pdf
Studies on the Phyllosoma Larva of the Indian Rock Lobster, Panulirus Homarus...ijtsrd
Attempts were made to develop a technique to rear the phyllosoma larvae of Panulirus homarus. The biological characters like fecundity, hatching percentage, larval morphological changes, feed inputs and moulting frequency till the fourth moult were studied. Morphometric and meristic characters of the larvae were also studied till the 42ndday. The larval output was directly proportional to the size of the gravid brood stock. Relationship between the duration of culture X and length of the larvae Y were shown by the relationships Y intercept = 0.5780 ± 0.1074 and X intercept = 0.7283 r2 = 0.8519 . There was significant p 0.0001 positive relationship between total length TL and carapace width CW of phyllosoma larvae. S. Lazarus | J. C. Nisha | R. Thangaraja "Studies on the Phyllosoma Larva of the Indian Rock Lobster, Panulirus Homarus Linnaeus, 1758" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31676.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/molecular-biology/31676/studies-on-the-phyllosoma-larva-of-the-indian-rock-lobster-panulirus-homarus-linnaeus-1758/s-lazarus
Distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among berseem crop at Okara dis...Innspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among berseem crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Trifolium crop on fortnight basis through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Departmentof Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Overall maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the berseem crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity, vegetation and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. It was concluded that despite to cosmopolitan nature, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play a key role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/distribution-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-berseem-crop-at-okara-district-pakistan/
All the freshwater prawns that have been cultured so far belong to the genus Macrobrachium , Bate 1868, the largest genus of the family Palaemonidae. About 200 species have been described, almost all of which live in freshwater at least for part of their life.
The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , was one of the first species to become scientifically known , the first recognizable illustration appearing in 1705. The nomenclature of freshwater prawns, both on a generic and a species level has had quite a muddled history. In the past, generic names have included Cancer (Astacus) and Palaemon. Previous names of M. rosenbergii have included Palaemon carcinus, P. dacqueti and P. rosenbergii ( De Man 1879) became universally accepted.
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, formerly Penaeus vannamei), also known as Pacific white shrimp or King prawn, is a variety of prawn of the eastern Pacific Ocean commonly caught or farmed for food.L. vannamei is a decapod crustacean which is native to the Eastern Pacific Coast of Central and
South America from Tumbes, Peru in the south to Mexico in the north. It has been introduced widely around the world since the 1970s, but especially since 2000, as it has become the principle
cultured shrimp species in Asia. The species itself is not considered a major threat to biodiversity, does not appear to have formed breeding populations, and has generally resulted in positive economic impacts in non-indigenous areas. An examination of current lists of invasive species
published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Invasive Species Specialist Group (IUCN, 2004) revealed no listings for L. vannamei. As mentioned, L. vannamei has been anthropogenically introduced as an aquaculture species to several areas of the world to which it is
not native.
,
Nazmul Haque Syekat
This study aims to identify the "gregariousness" behavior of the little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis at Morocco from 2013 to 2014 in the hilly reservoir of Hassar dam in the province of Mohammedia at Morocco. The number of species varied to a great extent between January 2013 and August 2014. The population in 2013 was affected by high mortality probably due to intoxication after the release of highly polluted wastewater from the city of Mediouna, the village of Sidi Hejjaj and other villages present in the upstream of the dam reservoir.
We recorded 1492 individuals in January 2013 (the highest density of the species in Morocco) and the number fell sharply after then, and start increasing in May 2014 to reach 577 individuals in August 2014.
The population living in an area not exceeding to 1 km2 manifest gregariousness behavior consistent with the groups that can reach 180 individuals at some instances. During breeding, the species showed no gregarious behavior and are seen only as pairs. These singles are usually remote and hounded by couples
Morphological Characteristics and Sexual Maturity in M.masonina, a Freshwater...paperpublications3
Abstract: The present study aims to assess the status of fresh water crab resources in the area. The study was made on species diversity including its taxonomic position, morphological characteristics, habits, habitat and distribution. Out of various water bodies scanned so far two species of crabs were recorded viz Maydelliathelphusa masoniana Henderson, (1893) from plain areas and Himalayapotamon emphysetum Alcock (1909) from hilly stretches of the region. A total of 592 crabs were obtained, 282 being males and 310 females. The maximum carapace in female was 6.0 cm with abdominal width of 4.5 cm. Males exhibited carapace width of 6.3 cm and chela length of 5.7 cm and chela depth of 3.5 cm.
Keywords: M.masoniana, Morphological features, sexual maturity.
Title: Morphological Characteristics and Sexual Maturity in M.masonina, a Freshwater Crab from Jammu Waters
Author: Meenakshi Bandral
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
ISSN 2349-7823
Paper Publications
Population dynamics of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard cropInnspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Brassica compestris crop through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the mustard crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. Conclusively, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play important role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/population-dynamics-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-mustard-crop/
The fecundity and egg size of the freshwater crab (Isolapotamon bauense Ng,19...AbdullaAlAsif1
The Island of Borneo harbors a high species richness of freshwater brachyurans, many of which are endemic in the region and their existence is threatened by anthropogenic activities. Our knowledge on the fundamental aspects which are required for species conservation assessment is currently limited. For instance, information on fecundity of most Bornean freshwater crabs is almost non-existent despite this being an important predictor of vulnerability to extinction. This paper describes the fecundity and egg size of the giant freshwater crab (Isolapotamon bauense Ng, 1987) from Kuching Division in Sarawak, Borneo. The fecundity of the crab is between 26 and 81 eggs, with the egg diameter ranging between 3.7-4.2 mm. The macrolecithal eggs are attached to the pleopods of the female abdominal brood pouch; they are bright orange and are comprised of two layers of membrane, with a thicker outer layer and a thinner inner layer, encapsulating the large embryonic yolk sac.
Puffer fish belonging to the family tetraodontidae are usually distributed in the shallow waters. During investigation in stations viz. Marina Park, Chidiyatapu and Burmanullah, around Andaman, five species from genus Arothron and two from Canthigaster have been recorded and were mostly found to prefer coral reefs and rock crevices, with the exception of Arothron immaculatus, which was found to be present in the open waters and it confined to sandy bottom substrate with patches of sea grasses around them. These fishes were found to be most diverse and abundant in Chidiyatapu with the Margelef’s Richness Index of 2.49, Shannon-Wiener index of 1.05 and Pielou’s evenness index of 0.96. Biometric analysis results demonstrate that they have shown an isometric growth. The individuals collected were mostly lying in the length group of 120-160 mm. Gut content analysis of A. Immaculatus reveals that the fish feed mainly on molluscs and sea urchin and the other food items were shrimps, crabs, sponges, micro algae, foraminiferans etc. gastro-somatic index, hepato-somatic index and gonado-somatic indices were also calculated to throw light upon the feeding behavior and reproductive maturity of the fishes. Most of the individuals were found to be in the developing stage of maturity.
All the freshwater prawns that have been cultured so far belong to the genus Macrobrachium , Bate 1868, the largest genus of the family Palaemonidae. About 200 species have been described, almost all of which live in freshwater at least for part of their life.
The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , was one of the first species to become scientifically known , the first recognizable illustration appearing in 1705. The nomenclature of freshwater prawns, both on a generic and a species level has had quite a muddled history. In the past, generic names have included Cancer (Astacus) and Palaemon. Previous names of M. rosenbergii have included Palaemon carcinus, P. dacqueti and P. rosenbergii ( De Man 1879) became universally accepted.
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, formerly Penaeus vannamei), also known as Pacific white shrimp or King prawn, is a variety of prawn of the eastern Pacific Ocean commonly caught or farmed for food.L. vannamei is a decapod crustacean which is native to the Eastern Pacific Coast of Central and
South America from Tumbes, Peru in the south to Mexico in the north. It has been introduced widely around the world since the 1970s, but especially since 2000, as it has become the principle
cultured shrimp species in Asia. The species itself is not considered a major threat to biodiversity, does not appear to have formed breeding populations, and has generally resulted in positive economic impacts in non-indigenous areas. An examination of current lists of invasive species
published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Invasive Species Specialist Group (IUCN, 2004) revealed no listings for L. vannamei. As mentioned, L. vannamei has been anthropogenically introduced as an aquaculture species to several areas of the world to which it is
not native.
,
Nazmul Haque Syekat
This study aims to identify the "gregariousness" behavior of the little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis at Morocco from 2013 to 2014 in the hilly reservoir of Hassar dam in the province of Mohammedia at Morocco. The number of species varied to a great extent between January 2013 and August 2014. The population in 2013 was affected by high mortality probably due to intoxication after the release of highly polluted wastewater from the city of Mediouna, the village of Sidi Hejjaj and other villages present in the upstream of the dam reservoir.
We recorded 1492 individuals in January 2013 (the highest density of the species in Morocco) and the number fell sharply after then, and start increasing in May 2014 to reach 577 individuals in August 2014.
The population living in an area not exceeding to 1 km2 manifest gregariousness behavior consistent with the groups that can reach 180 individuals at some instances. During breeding, the species showed no gregarious behavior and are seen only as pairs. These singles are usually remote and hounded by couples
Morphological Characteristics and Sexual Maturity in M.masonina, a Freshwater...paperpublications3
Abstract: The present study aims to assess the status of fresh water crab resources in the area. The study was made on species diversity including its taxonomic position, morphological characteristics, habits, habitat and distribution. Out of various water bodies scanned so far two species of crabs were recorded viz Maydelliathelphusa masoniana Henderson, (1893) from plain areas and Himalayapotamon emphysetum Alcock (1909) from hilly stretches of the region. A total of 592 crabs were obtained, 282 being males and 310 females. The maximum carapace in female was 6.0 cm with abdominal width of 4.5 cm. Males exhibited carapace width of 6.3 cm and chela length of 5.7 cm and chela depth of 3.5 cm.
Keywords: M.masoniana, Morphological features, sexual maturity.
Title: Morphological Characteristics and Sexual Maturity in M.masonina, a Freshwater Crab from Jammu Waters
Author: Meenakshi Bandral
International Journal of Recent Research in Life Sciences (IJRRLS)
ISSN 2349-7823
Paper Publications
Population dynamics of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard cropInnspub Net
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard crop at Okara district. Sampling was made from Brassica compestris crop through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution. Maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre of the mustard crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity and prey availability were the major factors that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. Conclusively, spiders have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally significant and play important role in regulating decomposer population. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/population-dynamics-of-ground-dwelling-spider-genera-among-mustard-crop/
Similar to The fecundity of brackish river prawn (macrobrachium macrobrachion, herklots, 1851) from great kwa river, obufa esuk beach, calabar, cross river state, nigeria
The fecundity and egg size of the freshwater crab (Isolapotamon bauense Ng,19...AbdullaAlAsif1
The Island of Borneo harbors a high species richness of freshwater brachyurans, many of which are endemic in the region and their existence is threatened by anthropogenic activities. Our knowledge on the fundamental aspects which are required for species conservation assessment is currently limited. For instance, information on fecundity of most Bornean freshwater crabs is almost non-existent despite this being an important predictor of vulnerability to extinction. This paper describes the fecundity and egg size of the giant freshwater crab (Isolapotamon bauense Ng, 1987) from Kuching Division in Sarawak, Borneo. The fecundity of the crab is between 26 and 81 eggs, with the egg diameter ranging between 3.7-4.2 mm. The macrolecithal eggs are attached to the pleopods of the female abdominal brood pouch; they are bright orange and are comprised of two layers of membrane, with a thicker outer layer and a thinner inner layer, encapsulating the large embryonic yolk sac.
Puffer fish belonging to the family tetraodontidae are usually distributed in the shallow waters. During investigation in stations viz. Marina Park, Chidiyatapu and Burmanullah, around Andaman, five species from genus Arothron and two from Canthigaster have been recorded and were mostly found to prefer coral reefs and rock crevices, with the exception of Arothron immaculatus, which was found to be present in the open waters and it confined to sandy bottom substrate with patches of sea grasses around them. These fishes were found to be most diverse and abundant in Chidiyatapu with the Margelef’s Richness Index of 2.49, Shannon-Wiener index of 1.05 and Pielou’s evenness index of 0.96. Biometric analysis results demonstrate that they have shown an isometric growth. The individuals collected were mostly lying in the length group of 120-160 mm. Gut content analysis of A. Immaculatus reveals that the fish feed mainly on molluscs and sea urchin and the other food items were shrimps, crabs, sponges, micro algae, foraminiferans etc. gastro-somatic index, hepato-somatic index and gonado-somatic indices were also calculated to throw light upon the feeding behavior and reproductive maturity of the fishes. Most of the individuals were found to be in the developing stage of maturity.
Morphological studies of Female Simulium damnosum s.l. in Akamkpa Local Gover...Premier Publishers
This study was carried out between February 2014 and January 2015 to investigate the morphology of Simulium damnosum s.l. populations along Kwa Falls and Rhoko river in Akamkpa Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria, in relation to the strain of Onchocerca volvulus transmitted in the study area. Two fly boys working on shift of 6 hours captured Simulium flies settling on them for blood meals by inverting specimen vials over them. Simulium flies were preserved in 70% ethanol and transported to the Biological Science Laboratory of Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, for entomological studies. Of the 265 Simulium species studied, 29 species were identified as savanna-dwellers, 98 species as transition zone dwellers and 138 species as forest-dwellers. There was significant difference (p<0.001)>0.05) between blackflies from these rivers. Mean thorax/antenna ratios of 2.4143, 1.9673, and 2.033 were recorded for savanna dwellers, transition zone dwellers and forest species respectively. Based on the morphology of Simulium damnosum s.l. studied, it could be inferred that there are likely four Simulium sibling species related to Simulium sirbanum, S. squamosum, S. yahense and S. damnosum sensu stricto in the study area.
A Transmission Electron Microscopic Study of the Olfactory Epithelium in Hill...AI Publications
Olfaction is primarily produced by the stimulation of receptor cells on the olfactory organ's neuroepithelial surface, surrounded by olfactory nerve fibres. Numerous fish life processes, including migration, communication, feeding, schooling, defence, and reproduction, depend heavily on olfactory signals and cues. The olfactory and reproductory systems are interconnected structurally and functionally, and puberty-related alterations in the olfactory epithelium are documented. The olfactory epithelium, which covers a large portion of the surface of the olfactory rosette, a structure found within the olfactory chambers on the fish rostrum, is where the olfactory receptor cells are situated. Although ultra structural transmission electron microscopic studies of the olfactory organ and bulb are carried out by some investigators but very sparse information is available on hillstream fishes and that is why this work has been undertaken to detail the structure of olfactory system in G. mullya by electron microscopy. Microvillous olfactory receptor cells are placed compactly adjacent to the supporting cell showing a junction complex : the zonula-ocludens. Polygonal white cells are present in between the basal cells and supporting cells. Small polyhedral basal cells lie just above the basal lamina of olfactory epithelium. Basal cells may be working as stem cells for regeneration of lost or damaged non sensory and goblet cells.
Reproductive biology of the milk shark Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppell, 1837) ...Sana_haroon
this is my presentation based on research paper title "Reproductive biology of the milk shark Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppell, 1837) from the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, Egypt"
This was written by Amgad M. Shaaban et al., 2018
Which have Impact factor: 1.98
Population structure, fecundity and morphological characteristics of M. vollenhovenii were studied around Lower Volta River, Ghana subject to dirt of information on this prawn species around the study location. The most prominent morphological characteristics already documented for identification of this species was rostrum bearing 13-15 continuous teeth dorsally and 4-5 teeth on its ventral part. These morphological traits formed the principal components for identification in this study. Results showed that morphological traits on second pereiopods such as presence of spines, spinules, teeth borne within the fingers, and dense projections of setae-like features on telson and uropod were observed relevant for identification purposes. Other results revealed that maximum total length recorded in this study (150-155mm) was higher than total length ranges (≤125mm) documented for this species in earlier studies. Consequently, two adult’s classes of prawns were identified (old adult class 81-120mm; and young adults 31-80mm) and older class was observed to be more in catches than the younger prawns. Absolute fecundity revealed that oocytes estimation varied with respect to seasons, ages of prawns and body sizes of specimens examined. In conclusion, this study observed that M. vollenhovenii fishery is operating in a sustainable manner at the time of this study around the study location.
Diversity and dispersion patterns of echinoderms in Babanlagan, Talisayan, Mi...Angelo Mark Walag
Echinoderms are fundamentally good indicators of health and status of coralline communities in marine waters. In this study, the diversity and distribution of echinoderm species were determined in Babanlagan, Talisayan, Misamis Oriental. In total, 387 individuals were collected coming from classes Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, Asteroidea, and Ophiuroidea. The majority of individuals collected were Protoreaster nodusus, which is a good indicator of reef health while the least abundant echinoderm species was Acanthaster planci. The pattern of distribution of majority of echinoderms was a clumped distribution while the other groups followed regular/uniform distribution, which may be due to limited dispersal ability and availability and available food sources. Moderate species diversity was also observed and species were rather similar in abundance, shown by the evenness index. This suggests good marine health, even under the threat of gleaning activities, active fishing, and habitat destruction. It is recommended that follow-up studies are conducted especially regarding monitoring of echinoderm species, to further assess the health of the intertidal zone in Babanlagan, Talisayan, Misamis Oriental.
In order to assess the Myxosporeans fauna of Cameroon fresh water fishes so
as to find the fight strategies, 655 specimens (350 Oreochromis niloticus and 305
Barbus callipterus) were sampled in Mapé river (Sanaga basin) and examined.
Standard methods were used for the sampling of fishes, conservation and microscopy.
Morphometric characteristics of the spores were used for species identification. Two
new species belonging to the genus Myxobolus Büstchli, 1882 were described namely
Myxobolus tchoumbouei n. sp in Barbus callipterus which formed cysts within various
organs (fins, skin and operculum); Myxobolus mapei n. sp parasite of kidneys and liver
in Oreochromis niloticus and Barbus callipterus. Myxobolus tchoumbouei exhibited
very long spores (19.19 x 8.89 μm), pear-shaped with rounded anterior end
sometimes flattened. Polar capsules were dissymmetrical. They measured 7.60 x 3.00
μm for the bigger and 7.06 x 2.62 μm for the smaller. Myxobolus mapei n. sp had
ellipsoidal spores (13.50 x 6.83 μm) with unequal polar capsules. The larger polar
capsule (6.44 X 2.88 μm) was about 1.5 times longer than the smaller one (4.13 X 1.61
μm) and filled half of the spiral cavity. The awareness about these parasites is useful
to find fighting strategies.
Salient biological characteristics of some selected carps: imran nagarihn FreeStyle Corp.
A very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia.
Carp is a common name for various species of freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae.
They have been introduced to various locations around the world.
Investigation of otolith in Priacanthus tayenusin persian gulf and Oman SeaInnspub Net
This study aimed to investigation of otolith in Priacanthus tayenusin Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Sampling lasted from September 2011 to December 2012. During this period 5 samples of Priacanthus tayenus were cut
and studied. Trawling time was 2-2½ hours and trawling depth was considered as 10-100 m daily. Catching and
sampling operations was done within 24 hours. Sampling and catching was done in Khuzestan and Bushehr waters in fall and winter of 2011and since the third week of September 2012 sampling was done in Hormozgan
and Sistan and Baloochestan waters. All thefish were identified and their otolith was extracted to verify them.
Investigation of otolith morphometric characteristics (length, breadth, weight, perimeter and area) were
conducted.
Snapper shrimp is a symbiotic organism usually hidden under the rocks, sponges and pen shells in the seagrass and coral habitats. The relationship study within snapper shrimp and pen shell was conducted from Merambong shoal, one of the biggest seagrass beds in peninsular Malaysia. A total of 40 individual pen shells were collected randomly and four species of pen shells were identified. 40 Anchistus custoides were found inhabiting symbiotically in the mantle cavity of the pen shell as solitary males and females and heterosexual pairs. Pen shell, Pinna bicolour and Atrina vexillum recorded the highest average SH 217.79±53.15 mm, SV 2.62±1.36 dm3 and SH 164.10-224.78 mm with the SV 1.18±0.43 dm3, respectively compared to the other species. The size of Anchistus custoides ranged from 15.00 to 20.00 mm in length and it was determined to be female due to the presence of eggs in the pleopods. The length of the cephalothorax and its length were highly related (rs=0.563, p≤0.01, N=40) and found wider in females. A little difference in size between the left and right chela in males of identical length was noticed, although the left chela is much bigger than the right. The significant relationship (rs=0.450, p≤0.01, N=40) between the pen shell length and shrimp (male-female) length revealed that the size of the shell is important to be hosted the snapper shrimp in the shell cavity.
Similar to The fecundity of brackish river prawn (macrobrachium macrobrachion, herklots, 1851) from great kwa river, obufa esuk beach, calabar, cross river state, nigeria (20)
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Mission to Decommission: Importance of Decommissioning Products to Increase E...
The fecundity of brackish river prawn (macrobrachium macrobrachion, herklots, 1851) from great kwa river, obufa esuk beach, calabar, cross river state, nigeria
1. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
75
The Fecundity of Brackish River Prawn (Macrobrachium
macrobrachion, Herklots, 1851) from Great Kwa River, Obufa
Esuk Beach, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Eni George , Andem Bassey *
, Idung Joseph, George Ubong
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
*
Corresponding Author: Andem, Andem Bassey, Email: a_andem010@yahoo.com
Abstract
The fecundity of Macrobrachium macrobrachion Herklots, 1851 from Great Kwa River, Obufa Esuk Beach,
Cross River State, Nigeria. Shrimp were sample for a period of six months (February, 2006 - July, 2006). A total
of 200 berried female shrimp were examined. The results show that the number of eggs ranged from 63 to
14,531. The mean number of eggs per female was 4,420.58. The eggs were spherical in shape; on the long axis
the egg diameter ranged from 0.26 to 0.38mm with a mean of 0.33mm while on the short axis, the egg diameter
ranged from 0.25 to 0.38mm with a mean of 0.31mm. There was a positive relationship between body weight,
standard length, total length, carapace length and the number of eggs: Y = 155.7-1107x and r2
= 0.986, Y =
1148.4- 9353x and r2
= 0.949, Y = 809.69-7578.8x and r2
= 0.949, Y = 848.39-8567x and r2
= 0.934 respectively.
There was high correlation between female body weight, standard length, total length, carapace length and the
number of eggs. Fecundity increases with the standard length, total length and carapace length. The number of
eggs also increases with increase in body weight, standard length, total length and carapace length. Generally,
fecundity was linear and a function of the body weight and body length. The study shows that the fecundity of
the prawn was low when compared to other studies.
Keywords: Egg diameters, Macrobrachium macrobrachion, Great Kwa River, Obufa Esuk Beach, Nigeria.
1. INTRODUCTION
The fresh water shrimp; Macrobrachium macrobrachion belongs to the Phylum, .Arthropoda; Class, Crustacea;
Subclass, Malacostraca; Series, Eumalacostraca; Order, Decapoda; Suborder, Natantia; Section, Caridea;
Family, Palaemonida; Genus, Macrobrachium; Species, M. macrobrachion (Powell, 1980). It can also be found
in low salinity brackish water (Powell, 1985). The body is divided into three main divisions: the head, thorax and
abdomen. The head and thorax are joined to form a cephalothorax, which carries the mandibles, flagella, rostrum
and the eyes containing a stalk and has five pairs of walking legs. The abdomen has six body segments with the
last segment bearing a uropod or telson. The other five segments bear swimming apparatus known as
swimmerets. A definite feature of Macrobrachium is that the second walking legs are modified to form the
chelae. Most species are distinctively colored having either blue or brownish colors. The legs also have
definitive features such as hairs or furs. Significant differences exist between the male and female. Mature males
are considerably larger than females and the second walking leg is much thicker. The cephalothorax is also
proportionally larger in the male than female while abdomen is narrower in the female. The genital pores of the
male are between the bases of the fifth walking leg (New and Singholka, 1982). The female’s genital pores
situates at the base of the third walking legs. The pleura of the abdomen are lower and broader in the female than
in the male. The pleura of the female form a brood chamber in which the eggs are carried between laying and
hatching. A ripe ovigerous female can easily be identified because the ovaries can be seen as large orange-
colored mass occupying a large portion of the cephalothorax. Studies by Marioghae (1982) on M.
macrobrachion in the Lagos lagoon showed that the upper limit of salinity was 12%. He observed that the
shrimps migrate from the estuaries to the freshwater in the peak of the dry season when the salinity is high. Apart
from salinity, the physical attributes of the substratum are considered to be one of the major factors controlling
the distribution of shrimps (Khan et al., 1995). Any change in the composition of the substratum may affect the
distribution. Marioghae (1990) reported that it constituted about 60% of the catch in Lagos lagoon of Nigeria at a
time.
The gear used for collecting the shrimp is locally known as “Kara”. It is cone shaped and has two non-return
value mechanisms at the center of the trap. The trap is constructed from either the blades of bamboo plant or
blades of raffia fronds which are woven around three round frames made from cane. The total length of each trap
was between 0.95 and 1 m while the opening aperture was between 25 and 30 cm. Fresh palm oil fruits were
used as bait to set the trap along the creek lets against the water current. Fecundity is a measure of the
reproductive capacity of organisms which may be fish or shrimp. Its knowledge forms an important tool in
successful management of the stock (Nikolskii, 1969).
Fecundity studies are useful for providing estimates for possible recruitment or juveniles available for culture.
2. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
76
The reproductive capacity of a population is a function of the fecundity of the females (Abowei et al., 2006).
Spawning fecundity is the numbers of eggs that a female is biologically capable of extruding in a single spawn
(Abowei et al., 2008). Pre-hatch fecundity is the number of eggs carried by the female at any one time between
spawning and larval hatch or release. Larvae Hatch Fecundity (LHF) is the number of larvae released from the
egg mass following incubation (Abowei et al., 2010). Shrimps and prawns of the genus Macrobrachium and
Penaeus are highly cherished by the people of the Niger Delta. The unfriendly fishing methods of local fishers
who use poisons and chemicals are affecting the shrimp catch. Therefore understanding the biology,
environmental parameters and population structure is essential to optimize production from the wild. The shrimp
M. macrobrachion is exploited from Great Kwa River, Obufa Esuk Beach in large quantities yet there are no
concrete reports on the population biology of this species in the area. A study of fecundity of Macrobrachium
macrobrachion from Great Kwa River, Obufa Esuk Beach provides base line data for management decision and
culture of the species in the area and similar water bodies.
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS
The sample of Macrobrachium macrobrachion used in this study were obtained from the catches of the artisanal
shrimp fishery at Obufa Esuk Beach, one of the major shrimp landing beaches of the M. macrobrachion fishery
in the outer estuary (Fig.1.) of the Cross River. The samples were collected from February, 2006-July, 2006,
involving a total of 200 shrimps. The estuary receives sea water from the Atlantic Ocean and freshwater from a
number of rivers including the Cross River and Great Kwa River. During the peak breeding season (May-July),
the adult of M. macrobrachion migrates from the freshwater of the Great River into the estuary for spawning
and it is normally in the estuary are densely populated with mangrove trees, bamboo trees and some species of
shrubs. There is also the presence of some coconut trees. The estuary has a brownish colouration and along
contains part at low tides during the dry season submerged portions of the bottom re-emerge through a short
period. The estuary is located in the tropical rainforest belt of southern Nigeria and lies between latitudes 4o
15’
and 4o
45’N and longitudes 8o
5’ and 8o
35’E. The estuary has a mean salinity of 20ppt during the dry season and
approximately 12ppt at the peak of the rainy season (Udo and Ekpe, 1991).
2.1 SPECIMEN SAMPLING
Samples of M. macrobrachion were collected from Obufa Esuk Beach lower section of Great Kwa River bi-
monthly for six months; these samples were always bought from the artisanal fishermen early in the morning
between 7am and 8am. As they landed from their fishing ground, samples collected include lives as well as dead
but fresh individuals and they were also sorted into male and female; females were later separated into berried
(ovigerous) and non-berried (non-ovigerous). 200 species of M. macrobrachion comprising of nearly all size
groups were in the study. They were immediately injected with 4% formalin to reduce to the minimum of any
post-homous digestion (Coasta and Wanninayake, 1986) and were later transferred to the laboratory. In the
laboratory, the total length (TL)cm, standard length (SL)cm, carapace length (CL) cm and body weight (gm) of
the specimens measured to the nearest 0.1cm and 0.1g using a measuring board calibrated in cm and triple beam
balance respectively. Total length to the nearest 0.1cm was considered to be the distance between the tip of
rostrum and the tip of telson (Arringnon et al., 1994), standard length to the nearest 0.1cm considered to be the
distance between the tip of the rostrum to the end of the 5th
segment of the abdomen in cm with the help of a
measuring tape and carapace length (the distance from the base of rostrum to the first body segment) was
measured with a Vernier caliper to the nearest 0.1mm. The shrimps were then weighed with triple beam balance
to the nearest 0.1 g. Measurements were taken for each monthly collection and recorded accordingly. The eggs
were preserved in Gilson’s fluid, to help liberate them and breakdown the ovarian tissue. The diameters of thirty
(30) eggs per berried female randomly selected were measured with an ocular micrometer insert into the
eyepiece of the microscope. The eggs were placed on a slide and viewed. The Vernier measurement on the stage
was then used to measure the long and short axes of each egg. The mean of these gave the egg diameter
expressed in millimeters. Fecundity was estimated by using the method of volumetric analysis.
3. RESULTS
A total of 200 berried female shrimp were examined. The results show that the number of eggs ranged from 63-
14,531. The mean number of eggs per female was 4,420.58 The eggs were spherical in shape; on the long axis
the egg diameter ranged from 0.26 to 0.38.mm with a mean of 0.33 mm while on the short axis, the egg diameter
ranged from 0.25 to 0.38 mm with the mean of 0.31mm (Table 1). There was a positive relationship between
body weight, standard length, total length, carapace length and the number of eggs: Y = 155.7-1107x and r2
=
0.986 (Fig. 2), Y = 1148.4- 9353x and r2
= 0.949 (Fig.3), Y = 809.69-7578.8x and r2
= 0.949 (Fig. 4), Y =
848.39-8567x and r2
= 0.934 (Fig.5). There was high correlation between female body weight, standard length,
total length, carapace length and the number of eggs. Fecundity increases with the standard length, total length
and carapace length. The number of eggs also increases with increase in body weight, standard length, total
3. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
77
length and carapace length. Generally, fecundity was linear and a function of the body weight and body length.
4. DISCUSSIONS
The egg diameter of M. macrobrachion recorded for Great Kwa River, Obufa Esuk Beach in Calabar was
between 0.25 and 0.38mm with a mean of 0.31-0.33mm. This is small when compared to the results of
Rutherford (1971) who reported the egg diameter of between 0.50 and 0.70mm in Cape Coast, Ghana. In
comparing with Nematopalaemon hastatus an estuarine species, Sagua (1980) observed egg size in the range of
0.47-0.63mm which suggested that M. macrobrachion has larger eggs than N. hastatus. In the present study, a
strong correlation exists between the number of eggs and body weight, standard length, total length, carapace
length of berried females (r2
= 0.986; 0.949; 0.949; 0.934) respectively. Similar trend was observed in other
shrimp studied as Penaeus latisculatus (Penn, 1980); Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Udo and Ekpe, 1991) and
M. nipponense (Masshiko, 1990). The low egg count observed in this study could be as a result of some
environmental factors such as sampling techniques and the age of eggs encountered. In Macrobrachium species
like other aquatic organisms, fecundity is a linear function of the body weight and body length. Several studies
(Patra, 1976; Penn, 1980) shows that positive relationship exists between body weight and the number of eggs
that is the heavier the shrimp, the more number of eggs. Freshwater shrimps exhibit variation in fecundity from
species to species. Fecundity also varies according to hydrographic region (Masshiko, 1990). Fecundity can be
estimated by volumetric methods and by direct counting of the number of eggs found on the pleopods of a
berried female. The later method is more frequently used because it is more reliable and accurate. New and
Singholka (1982) reported that M. rosenbergii hatch between 100,000 – 700,000 eggs during the spawning
season when they are mature. Rao (1998) estimated the fecundity of M. rosebergii by counting the number of
eggs on the pleopods and it ranged between 20,000 and 70,000 eggs. He observed that the average hatching
fecundity was 500 larvae per gram body weight of prawn. The number of eggs borne by a berried M.
macrobrachion female is reported to be between 805 – 6 600 eggs (Ovie, 1986) and between 3,000 and 12, 060
eggs (Marioghae, 1987). Ovie (1986) showed that there was high correlation between female weight and the
number of eggs.
5. CONCLUSION
I. The size of eggs of M. macrobrachion recorded in Great Kwa River, Obufa Esuk Beach was small
compared to other studies.
II. The range of absolute fecundity and the mean number of eggs per female was also low compared to
other results.
III. Strong correlation exists between the number of eggs and body weight, standard length, total length,
carapace length of berried females as other studies.
IV. Fecundity was assumed to be linear function of the body weight and body length in M. macrobrachion
in Great Kwa River, Obufa Esuk Beach as other studies.
V. The knowledge of fecundity is useful in fish stock assessment studies, in egg, larval survival studies,
estimation of the size of a stock and for stock discrimination.
VI. The knowledge of size range of berried females is important for aquaculturist interested in culturing the
species as it would enable them know the size of the brood stock to keep.
REFERENCES
Abowei, J.F.N, Sabin, N, Deekae, S.N., Tawari, C.C. and Allison, M.E. 2006. A Review of shrimp fisheries in
Nigeria. Pre-Joe publishers, Port Harcourt, 33pp.
Abowei, J.F.N., Davies, A.O., and Ngodigha, S.A. 2008. The recruitment patterns of two palaemon shrimps and
some physic - chemical characteristics in the River Nun Estuary, Nigeria. International Journal Natural and
Applied Science, 4(4): 396-401.
Abowei, J.F.N., George, A.D.I., and Davies, A.O. 2010. Mortality, exploitation rate and recruitment pattern of
Callinectes amnicola (De Rochebrune, 1883) from Okpoka Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Asian Journal of
Agricultural Science, 2(1): 27-34.
Arringon, J.C.V, Hummer, J.V, Laurent, P.J, Griessinger, J.M, Lacroix, D, and Autrand, M. 1994. Warm Water
Crustaceans. The tropical Agriculturist, T.A Macmillian, Netherlands.
Bagenal, T.B. 1967. A Short Review of Fish Fecundity. In: The Biological Basis of Freshwater Fish Production.
Edited by S.D. Gerkina. Black-well Scientific Publication, Oxford, 89-111pp.
Bagenal, T.B. 1968. Eggs and Early Life History. Part 1. Fecundity. In: Begenal, T. (Ed.), Methods of
Assessment of Fish Production in Freshwater. IBP Handbook, No. 3: 160-169.
Coasta, H.H and Wanninayake, T.B. 1986. Food, feeding and fecundity of the giant fresh water prawn,
Macrobrachium rosenbergii from a natural habitat in Sri Lanka. The first Asian fisheries forum, 555-558pp.
4. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
78
Deekae, S.N and Idoniboye-Obu, T.I.E. 1995. Some aspects of commercially important molluscs and crabs of
the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Environmental Ecotoxicology, 13(1): 136-142.
Enin, U.I. 1995. First estimates of growth, mortality and recruitment parameters of Macrobrachium
macrobrachion Herklots, 1851 in the Cross River Estuary, Nigeria. Dana, 2(1): 29-38.
Khan, R.N., Merchant, H.C., and Knowlton, R.E. 1995. Distribution of two sympatric species of grass shrimp,
Palaemonetes pugio and P. vulgaris in relation to homogenous and heterogeneous aquarium substrate. Journal
Elisha Mitchel Science of Sociology, 111: 83-95.
Marioghae, I. E. 1987. An appraisal of the cultivability of Nigerian palaemonid prawns. ARAC/87/WP/4.
UNDP/FAO/NIOMR Lagos. Working Paper, 12pp.
Marioghae, I.E. 1990. Studies of fishing methods, gear and marketing of Macrobrachium in the Lagos Area.
Nigerian Institute of Oceanography and Marine Research, Technical Paper, No. 53, 20pp.
Marioghae, I.E. 1982. Note on the biology and distribution of Macrobrachium vollenhovenii and M.
macrobrachion in Lagos Lagoon (Crustacea Decapoda, Palaemonida), Revise Zoology African, 96(30): 493-508.
Malecha, S.R. 1983. Commercial Seed Production of the Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii in
Hawaii. In: Mcvey, J.P. (Ed.), CRC Handbook on Mariculture. Vol: 1. Crustacean Culture CRC Press, Boca
Raton, Florida, 205-230pp.
Masshiko, K. 1990. Diversified egg and clutch size among local population of the freshwater prawn,
Macrobrachium nipponense (Delaan). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 10(2): 306-314.
New, M.B and Singholka, S. 1982. Freshwater prawn farming: Manual for the culture of Macrobrachium
rosenbergii. FAO Fisheries Technical. Paper, No 225, 116pp.
Nikolskii, G.V. 1969. Theory of Fish Population Dynamics as the Biological Background for a Rational
Exploitation and Management of Fishery Resources. Oliver and Boyd Publications. Edinburgh, 323pp.
Nwosu, F. 2007. The Problem of By Catch Associated with Industrial Shrimping: Implications for Inshore
Demersal Fisheries in the Niger Delta. In Small Scale Shrimp Fisheries in Nigeria. Edited by O. Z. Abbey.
Centre for Environment, Human Rights and Rural Development (CEHRD), Eleme, Rivers State
CEHRD/TECH/CONSERV/01/2007, 32-48pp.
Ovie, S.O. 1986. The fecundity of Macrobrachium macrobrachion (Herklots, 1851) and the effect of salinity and
food on the development of its larvae. M. Tech. Thesis, Aquaculture, Rivers State, University of Science and
Tech/African. Regional Aquaculture Centre, Port Harcourt Nigeria, 54pp.
Powell, C.B. 1980. Key to shrimps and prawns (Crustacea: Decapoda, Natantia) of the Niger Delta Basin
Development Authority Area. Consultancy Report, 5pp.
Powell, C.B. 1985. The Decapods Crustaceans of the Niger Delta. In Publication Committee. Edited by H.B.R.
Wilcox and C.B. Powell. University of Port Harcourt, 226-238pp.
Patra, R .W. R. 1976. The fecundity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Deman). Bangladesh Journal Zoology, 4:
63-72.
Penn, J. S. 1980. Fecundity in Penaeus latisculatus from natural habitats. Crustaceans, 5: 46-53.
Rao, K. J. 1998. Emerging Technology on the Seed, Production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In Current and
Emerging Trends in Aquaculture. Edited by P.C.Thomas. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi, 164-169pp.
Rutherford, A. 1971. Freshwater shrimps in the area of Cape Coast, Ghana. Ghana Journal of Science, 1971;
11(2): 87-91.
Sagua, V.O. 1980. Observations on the ecology and some aspects of reproductive biology of the small white
shrimp Palaemon hastatus Aurivillius (Crustacea; Palaemonidae) in the Lagos area of Nigeria. Bulletin Institude
of fundamental Africa, Noir Series A, 42(2): 279-295.
5. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
79
Table 1. Egg diameters of Macrobrachium macrobrachion form Great Kwa River, Obufa Esuk Beach, Calabar,
Cross River State, Nigeria.
S/N Number of eggs
measured for short
axis
Number of eggs
measured for long axis
Mean egg diameter
for short axis (mm)
Mean egg diameter for
long axis (mm)
1 20 30 0.25 0.38
2 30 31 0.38 0.39
3 20 23 0.25 0.29
4 23 25 0.29 0.31
5 20 21 0.25 0.26
6 20 23 0.25 0.29
7 26 25 0.33 0.31
8 30 28 0.38 0.35
9 20 28 0.25 0.35
10 20 26 0.25 0.33
11 25 27 0.31 0.34
12 28 25 0.35 0.31
13 30 25 0.38 0.31
14 21 26 0.26 0.33
15 20 27 0.25 0.34
16 27 25 0.34 0.31
17 28 26 0.35 0.33
18 30 26 0.38 0.33
19 24 26 0.30 0.33
20 26 28 0.33 0.35
21 26 28 0.33 0.35
22 30 28 0.35 0.35
23 20 26 0.25 0.33
24 21 27 0.26 0.34
25 20 25 0.25 0.31
26 26 28 0.33 0.35
27 30 28 0.38 0.35
28 30 28 0.38 0.35
29 26 28 0.33 0.35
30 30 25 0.38 0.31
Mean 24.9 26.9 0.31 0.33
6. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
80
Figure 1. Map of University of Calabar showing Great Kwa River and Sampling Station (Obufa Esuk Beach),
(Map of Nigeria indicating Cross River State).
7. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
81
Figure 2. Relationship between body weight and number of eggs of M. macrobrachion from Great Kwa River,
Obufa Esuk Beach.
Figure 3. Relationship between standard length and number of eggs in M. macrobrachion. from Great Kwa River,
Obufa Esuk Beach
y = 155.7x - 1107.3
R² = 0.9857
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
NUMBEROFEGGS(FECUNDITY)
BODY WEIGHT (gm)
y = 1148.4x - 9358
R² = 0.9496
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00
NUMBEROFEGGS(FECUNDITY)
STANDARD LENGTH (Cm)
8. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013
82
Figure 4. Relationship between total length and number of eggs in M. macrobrachion from Great Kwa River,
Obufa Esuk Beach
Figure 5. Relationship between carapace length and number of eggs in M. macrobrachion from Great Kwa River,
Obufa Esuk Beach
y = 809.69x - 7578.8
R² = 0.9492
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
NUMBEROFEGGS(FECUNDITY)
TOTAL LENGTH (Cm)
y = 848.39x - 8567
R² = 0.9344
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
NUMBEROFEGGS(FECUNDITY)
CARAPACE LENGTH (Cm)
9. This academic article was published by The International Institute for Science,
Technology and Education (IISTE). The IISTE is a pioneer in the Open Access
Publishing service based in the U.S. and Europe. The aim of the institute is
Accelerating Global Knowledge Sharing.
More information about the publisher can be found in the IISTE’s homepage:
http://www.iiste.org
CALL FOR JOURNAL PAPERS
The IISTE is currently hosting more than 30 peer-reviewed academic journals and
collaborating with academic institutions around the world. There’s no deadline for
submission. Prospective authors of IISTE journals can find the submission
instruction on the following page: http://www.iiste.org/journals/ The IISTE
editorial team promises to the review and publish all the qualified submissions in a
fast manner. All the journals articles are available online to the readers all over the
world without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from
gaining access to the internet itself. Printed version of the journals is also available
upon request of readers and authors.
MORE RESOURCES
Book publication information: http://www.iiste.org/book/
Recent conferences: http://www.iiste.org/conference/
IISTE Knowledge Sharing Partners
EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP Open
Archives Harvester, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Elektronische
Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate, OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial
Library , NewJour, Google Scholar