This research paper examines the age and growth of the European catfish (Silurus glanis) in a Turkish reservoir. Vertebrae were used to determine the age of fish collected from the reservoir. Three growth functions (von Bertalanffy, logistic, and Gompertz) were fitted to the length-at-age data. Growth rates were found to be higher in males than females and higher overall compared to other native populations but similar to introduced populations at similar latitudes. The von Bertalanffy growth function provided the best fit to the data.
Length-weight models and condition factors of fishes from Okpara Stream, Ouem...AI Publications
Length frequency distributions, length-weight models and condition factors of 21 dominant fish species of the Okpara stream (Oueme River) were examined in Northern-Benin in order to evaluate the well-being of these fish taxa. Samplings were made monthly from December 2015 to May 2017 with seines, gill nets hawks and a total of 9,302 individuals were collected. Fish abundance ranged from 53 individuals for Mormyrus rume to 2,818 for Hemichromis fasciatus. Standard length (SL) varied from 1.2 cm (Coptodon guineensis) to 51.8 cm (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus). Length-weight regressions equations showed significant (p < 0.05) correlation coefficients (r) ranging between 0.4664 and 0.9949 with slopes (b) between 2.2262 and 3.7703 corresponding to isometric, positive allometric and negative allometric growths displayed by 4, 8 and 9 species, respectively. Condition factors K varied between 0.17 - 29.38 and species with higher well-being were Oreochromis niloticus with K=29.38, Hyperopisius bebe (K=20.14), Coptodon zillii (K=19.25), Mormyrus rume (K=17.13) and Sarotherodon galilaeus multifasciatus (K=16.16). A sustainable exploitation of these fishes requires an ecosystem restoration scheme including habitat protection, species conservation and an ecological follow-up of the Okpara stream.
Population structure, fecundity and morphological characteristics of M. vollenhovenii were studied around Lower Volta River, Ghana subject to dirt of information on this prawn species around the study location. The most prominent morphological characteristics already documented for identification of this species was rostrum bearing 13-15 continuous teeth dorsally and 4-5 teeth on its ventral part. These morphological traits formed the principal components for identification in this study. Results showed that morphological traits on second pereiopods such as presence of spines, spinules, teeth borne within the fingers, and dense projections of setae-like features on telson and uropod were observed relevant for identification purposes. Other results revealed that maximum total length recorded in this study (150-155mm) was higher than total length ranges (≤125mm) documented for this species in earlier studies. Consequently, two adult’s classes of prawns were identified (old adult class 81-120mm; and young adults 31-80mm) and older class was observed to be more in catches than the younger prawns. Absolute fecundity revealed that oocytes estimation varied with respect to seasons, ages of prawns and body sizes of specimens examined. In conclusion, this study observed that M. vollenhovenii fishery is operating in a sustainable manner at the time of this study around the study location.
Occurrence of cyprinid fish, Carasobarbus sublimus in the Al-Diwaniya River, ...Innspub Net
During a fish survey from 2016 to 2017, we captured 83 specimens of the cyprinid fish, Carasobarbus sublimus from the Al-Diwaniya River, Middle Euphrates, Iraq. This is the first report of the occurrence of this species in this locality. Fish were captured by gill nets and electro-fishing equipment. Twenty two morphometric and eleven meristic measurements were applied to describe the species. The range of total length in the present specimens (130.4-250.1mm) is larger than the range quoted for C. sublimus. The indices characters to standard length (SL) varied from 7.4 % to 121.0 %, and the head characters to head length (HL) from 27.4% to 93.2%. The growth rate between body characters and SL varied from 0.085 to 1.118 and between head characters and HL from 0.210 to 1.091.The numbers of scales in lateral line and around the least circumference of the caudal peduncle are 27-29 and 12, respectively. The biometric data were successful in identifying of C. sublimus and confirm the presence of the species in the Al-Diwaniya River. This is the second record of the species in the Iraqi freshwaters. Based on this finding, the case would be interesting and open to discussion about the distributions of C. sublime in the Tigris-Euphrates basin.
Length-weight models and condition factors of fishes from Okpara Stream, Ouem...AI Publications
Length frequency distributions, length-weight models and condition factors of 21 dominant fish species of the Okpara stream (Oueme River) were examined in Northern-Benin in order to evaluate the well-being of these fish taxa. Samplings were made monthly from December 2015 to May 2017 with seines, gill nets hawks and a total of 9,302 individuals were collected. Fish abundance ranged from 53 individuals for Mormyrus rume to 2,818 for Hemichromis fasciatus. Standard length (SL) varied from 1.2 cm (Coptodon guineensis) to 51.8 cm (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus). Length-weight regressions equations showed significant (p < 0.05) correlation coefficients (r) ranging between 0.4664 and 0.9949 with slopes (b) between 2.2262 and 3.7703 corresponding to isometric, positive allometric and negative allometric growths displayed by 4, 8 and 9 species, respectively. Condition factors K varied between 0.17 - 29.38 and species with higher well-being were Oreochromis niloticus with K=29.38, Hyperopisius bebe (K=20.14), Coptodon zillii (K=19.25), Mormyrus rume (K=17.13) and Sarotherodon galilaeus multifasciatus (K=16.16). A sustainable exploitation of these fishes requires an ecosystem restoration scheme including habitat protection, species conservation and an ecological follow-up of the Okpara stream.
Population structure, fecundity and morphological characteristics of M. vollenhovenii were studied around Lower Volta River, Ghana subject to dirt of information on this prawn species around the study location. The most prominent morphological characteristics already documented for identification of this species was rostrum bearing 13-15 continuous teeth dorsally and 4-5 teeth on its ventral part. These morphological traits formed the principal components for identification in this study. Results showed that morphological traits on second pereiopods such as presence of spines, spinules, teeth borne within the fingers, and dense projections of setae-like features on telson and uropod were observed relevant for identification purposes. Other results revealed that maximum total length recorded in this study (150-155mm) was higher than total length ranges (≤125mm) documented for this species in earlier studies. Consequently, two adult’s classes of prawns were identified (old adult class 81-120mm; and young adults 31-80mm) and older class was observed to be more in catches than the younger prawns. Absolute fecundity revealed that oocytes estimation varied with respect to seasons, ages of prawns and body sizes of specimens examined. In conclusion, this study observed that M. vollenhovenii fishery is operating in a sustainable manner at the time of this study around the study location.
Occurrence of cyprinid fish, Carasobarbus sublimus in the Al-Diwaniya River, ...Innspub Net
During a fish survey from 2016 to 2017, we captured 83 specimens of the cyprinid fish, Carasobarbus sublimus from the Al-Diwaniya River, Middle Euphrates, Iraq. This is the first report of the occurrence of this species in this locality. Fish were captured by gill nets and electro-fishing equipment. Twenty two morphometric and eleven meristic measurements were applied to describe the species. The range of total length in the present specimens (130.4-250.1mm) is larger than the range quoted for C. sublimus. The indices characters to standard length (SL) varied from 7.4 % to 121.0 %, and the head characters to head length (HL) from 27.4% to 93.2%. The growth rate between body characters and SL varied from 0.085 to 1.118 and between head characters and HL from 0.210 to 1.091.The numbers of scales in lateral line and around the least circumference of the caudal peduncle are 27-29 and 12, respectively. The biometric data were successful in identifying of C. sublimus and confirm the presence of the species in the Al-Diwaniya River. This is the second record of the species in the Iraqi freshwaters. Based on this finding, the case would be interesting and open to discussion about the distributions of C. sublime in the Tigris-Euphrates basin.
Investigation of otolith in Priacanthus tayenusin persian gulf and Oman SeaInnspub Net
This study aimed to investigation of otolith in Priacanthus tayenusin Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Sampling lasted from September 2011 to December 2012. During this period 5 samples of Priacanthus tayenus were cut
and studied. Trawling time was 2-2½ hours and trawling depth was considered as 10-100 m daily. Catching and
sampling operations was done within 24 hours. Sampling and catching was done in Khuzestan and Bushehr waters in fall and winter of 2011and since the third week of September 2012 sampling was done in Hormozgan
and Sistan and Baloochestan waters. All thefish were identified and their otolith was extracted to verify them.
Investigation of otolith morphometric characteristics (length, breadth, weight, perimeter and area) were
conducted.
Magpali et al (2020) Adaptive evolution of hearing genes in echolocating dolp...Letícia Magpali
Candidate poster for presentation at the I Meeting of Systematics, Biogeography and Evolution (SBE), in the category Phylogenomics and molecular evolution.
Magpali, L.; Freitas, L.; Ramos, E. K. S.; de Souza, E. M. S.; Nery, M. F.
University of Campinas / Biology Institute, Brazil
Investigation of otolith in Priacanthus tayenusin persian gulf and Oman SeaInnspub Net
This study aimed to investigation of otolith in Priacanthus tayenusin Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Sampling lasted from September 2011 to December 2012. During this period 5 samples of Priacanthus tayenus were cut
and studied. Trawling time was 2-2½ hours and trawling depth was considered as 10-100 m daily. Catching and
sampling operations was done within 24 hours. Sampling and catching was done in Khuzestan and Bushehr waters in fall and winter of 2011and since the third week of September 2012 sampling was done in Hormozgan
and Sistan and Baloochestan waters. All thefish were identified and their otolith was extracted to verify them.
Investigation of otolith morphometric characteristics (length, breadth, weight, perimeter and area) were
conducted.
Magpali et al (2020) Adaptive evolution of hearing genes in echolocating dolp...Letícia Magpali
Candidate poster for presentation at the I Meeting of Systematics, Biogeography and Evolution (SBE), in the category Phylogenomics and molecular evolution.
Magpali, L.; Freitas, L.; Ramos, E. K. S.; de Souza, E. M. S.; Nery, M. F.
University of Campinas / Biology Institute, Brazil
Population dynamics of 15 fish species in Grand-Lahou lagoon (West Africa, Cô...Open Access Research Paper
This study described growth, mortality, recruitment patterns and exploitation rates of 15 fish species in Grand-Lahou lagoon (Côte d’Ivoire). Monthly length-frequency data collected from artisanal fisheries from November 2013 to October 2014 were analyzed with FiSAT software using the ELEFAN package to estimate the population parameters of fishes. Asymptotic values for total length (L∞) ranged from 15.75 cm for Synodontis schall to 59.80 cm for Trachinotus teraia. Growth rate (k) varied from 0.19 for Coptodon guineensis to 0.98 for Caranx hippos. The growth performance index estimates were close to the values found by other authors for most of the fish species. The total mortality (Z) high values were recorded for Synodontis schall (Z= 4.15 year-1; M = 2.50 year-1) Schilbe mandibularis (Z= 2.19 year-1; M=1.33 year-1). Fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (E) were found to be less than the optimum levels of exploitation for most fish species. The exploitation rate (E) was higher than the maximum sustainable yield (Emax) for Caranx hippos and higher than E0.5 for Eucinostomus melanopterus, Elops lacerta and Synodontis schall. Recruitment was noted as year-round and bimodal for most studied populations. These results demonstrate that some fish stocks necessitate effective management measures particularly C. hippos, E. melanopterus, E. lacerta and S. schall.
Puffer fish belonging to the family tetraodontidae are usually distributed in the shallow waters. During investigation in stations viz. Marina Park, Chidiyatapu and Burmanullah, around Andaman, five species from genus Arothron and two from Canthigaster have been recorded and were mostly found to prefer coral reefs and rock crevices, with the exception of Arothron immaculatus, which was found to be present in the open waters and it confined to sandy bottom substrate with patches of sea grasses around them. These fishes were found to be most diverse and abundant in Chidiyatapu with the Margelef’s Richness Index of 2.49, Shannon-Wiener index of 1.05 and Pielou’s evenness index of 0.96. Biometric analysis results demonstrate that they have shown an isometric growth. The individuals collected were mostly lying in the length group of 120-160 mm. Gut content analysis of A. Immaculatus reveals that the fish feed mainly on molluscs and sea urchin and the other food items were shrimps, crabs, sponges, micro algae, foraminiferans etc. gastro-somatic index, hepato-somatic index and gonado-somatic indices were also calculated to throw light upon the feeding behavior and reproductive maturity of the fishes. Most of the individuals were found to be in the developing stage of maturity.
Morphological studies of Female Simulium damnosum s.l. in Akamkpa Local Gover...Premier Publishers
This study was carried out between February 2014 and January 2015 to investigate the morphology of Simulium damnosum s.l. populations along Kwa Falls and Rhoko river in Akamkpa Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria, in relation to the strain of Onchocerca volvulus transmitted in the study area. Two fly boys working on shift of 6 hours captured Simulium flies settling on them for blood meals by inverting specimen vials over them. Simulium flies were preserved in 70% ethanol and transported to the Biological Science Laboratory of Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, for entomological studies. Of the 265 Simulium species studied, 29 species were identified as savanna-dwellers, 98 species as transition zone dwellers and 138 species as forest-dwellers. There was significant difference (p<0.001)>0.05) between blackflies from these rivers. Mean thorax/antenna ratios of 2.4143, 1.9673, and 2.033 were recorded for savanna dwellers, transition zone dwellers and forest species respectively. Based on the morphology of Simulium damnosum s.l. studied, it could be inferred that there are likely four Simulium sibling species related to Simulium sirbanum, S. squamosum, S. yahense and S. damnosum sensu stricto in the study area.
Invasive fish in Cyprus, by I Dive CyprusIDiveCyprus
The last two decades we have been observing a number of new species in the coastal waters of Cyprus while Scuba Diving. The overfishing of local stocks is affecting the populations of fish in Cyprus, and an initiative is been executed with the creation of Artificial Reefs and underwater structures. During this time however a number of invasive fish are seen and monitored by I Dive Cyprus. This study explains the characteristics of this new inhabitants. For more information I Dive Cyprus, Protara 29, Shop 4-6 Peotaras Cyprus 5296
! 1!A Scientific Review of the Physiology of Pacific Salmotroutmanboris
! 1!
A Scientific Review of the Physiology of Pacific Salmon Migration
B. C. McKinney1
1 Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, One University
Boulevard, Bluffton, South Carolina 29909, USA
Abstract For many generations, humans have altered practically every
ecosystem in the entire world. The footprint humans leave behind on ecosystems
on Earth has continuously matted the ecosystems and critical habitat in which all
species on Earth depend on for survival. When considering Pacific and Atlantic
salmon populations, the array of human caused stressors is responsible for the
population depletions across the United States and Canada. This review will
coordinate the impacts of river impoundments (i.e., hydropower systems) on
upstream and downstream migration as well as visit the impacts of natural and
human caused change on the quality of habitat in which salmonids inhabit through
all life stages.
Introduction
A variety of teleost species are classified within the Family Salmonidae under the Order
Salmoniformes. Salmonidae is comprised of a variety of trouts (Salmo spp.), chars (Salvelinus
spp.), graylings (Thymallus spp.), taimen (Parahucho spp.), and salmons (Salmo &
Oncorhynchus spp.). The anatomy of this family is similar to other ray-finned fish having
dorsal, pelvic, pectoral, anal, and dorsal fins, however they possess an additional fin posterior to
the dorsal called the adipose fin.
Salmonid lifecycles are very complex and have been a topic of research for many
generations (Briggs, 1953; Holmes & Stainer 1966; Vronskiy, 1972; Thompson & Sargent, 1977;
Healy, 1980; McCormick &Saunders, 1987; Murray & Rosenau, 1989; Nehlson et al., 1991). In
recent findings, the introduction of telemetry techniques and field sampling routines have given
! 2!
researchers insight about the duration, timing, and patterns of homing and staying (Healy, 1980;
Giorgi et al., 1997; Walker et al., 2016). Through the protection of the Endangered Species Act
(ESA) select Pacific salmon populations have been granted protection by federal regulations in
relation to the habitat that is essential to their survival (USNMFS 1995). In this review, relevant
available published literature will be compiled to discuss a variety of explanations towards the
physiology and morphological complexities associated with Pacific salmon.!
Overview of Salmon Biology
In this section, emphasis will focus on the evolutionary history of Salmon (see Groot &
Margolis, 1991, Hendry et al., 2000, and Waples et al., 2007 for more details). North America’s
populations of Pacific Salmon consist of five distinct species: chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus
tshawytscha), pink salmon (O. gorbusha), chum salmon (O. keta), coho salmon (O. kisutch), and
sockeye salmon (O. nerka). Pacific salmon are uniquely characterized as anadromous
(migratory) and semelaparous (i.e., die after spawning) spe ...
Occurrence of whirling disease symptoms in cultured common carp in Basrah, IraqDrNajimRKhamees
A total of 128 fish samples including 70 Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758,10 Leuciscus vorax (Heckel, 1843), 40 Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864) and eight Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) were collected during the period from November 2016 to May 2017. Seven different localities (floating cages, earthen ponds and natural water) in Basrah were investigated. Among some detected fish diseases, whirling
disease symptoms was reported for the first time in Iraq in April 2017, from two C. carpio cultured in earthen fish ponds of Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah.
The infested fish were dwarfed, with abnormal big head and small body. Grossly signs of the diseases represent fins and tail deformities in addition to open ulcers and losing of scales, and necrosis of skin and muscles. Internally, fish suffered of muscles
ecchymosis and vertebral deformities. Histological sections revealed that the spinal cord had healthy structure.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
AI for Every Business: Unlocking Your Product's Universal Potential by VP of ...
Silurus glanis reviews in fish biology
1. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
DOI 10.1007/s11160-010-9168-4
RESEARCH PAPER
Age and growth of the European catfish (Silurus glanis)
in a Turkish Reservoir and comparison with introduced
populations
¨¸
Ahmet Alp • Cemil Kara • Fatih Uckardes
¸ •
Joaquim Carol ´
• Emili Garcıa-Berthou
Received: 22 January 2010 / Accepted: 19 June 2010
Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010
Abstract The European catfish, Silurus glanis, is were significantly different between females and
native to eastern Europe and western Asia and is among males. A marginal increment analysis indicated that
the largest freshwater fish in the world. Despite its annulus formation occurred between May and
increasing economic importance and its frequent June. The estimates of three growth functions (von
introductions, the ecology and life-history of this Bertalanffy, logistic and Gompertz) are reported, with
species is poorly known due to the difficulty of the von Bertalanffy growth providing a better fit
sampling such a large species in large rivers and and more realistic parameter estimates. Growth rates
standing waters. Our study provides the first data on were significantly higher in males than in females and
age and growth of this species in Turkish waters, where were overall higher compared to other native popula-
it is native. We report the length-weight relationships tions but similar to introduced populations of similar
and age and size structure of this population, which latitude.
Keywords Growth models Á Invasive species Á
A. Alp (&)
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Life history Á Freshwater fish
¸ ¨ ¸¨
University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam,
46100 Kahramanmaras , Turkey
¸
e-mail: aalp@ksu.edu.tr
C. Kara Introduction
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts,
¸ ¨ ¸¨
University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, The European catfish, Silurus glanis, also known as
46100 Kahramanmaras , Turkey
¸ wels or sheatfish, is among the largest freshwater fish
¨¸
F. Uckardes¸ worldwide, with a maximum record of 5 m of total
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, length and body mass of 306 kg (Copp et al. 2009)
¸ ¨ ¸¨
University of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam, and individuals over 50 kg being regularly angled
46100 Kahramanmaras , Turkey
¸ ´
(Slavık et al. 2007). It is characterized by its rapid
J. Carol growth and large body size (Brzuska and Adamek
Minuartia, Estudis Ambientals, 08470 Sant Celoni, 1999). Two Silurus species, S. glanis and S. aristotelis,
Catalonia, Spain inhabit European inland waters, the latter being
endemic to Greece while S. glanis is native to eastern
´
E. Garcıa-Berthou
Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Europe and western Asia but has been introduced to
17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain many European countries, including France, Italy, the
123
2. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
Netherlands, Spain and the UK due to its popularity females mature at 860 mm of length and 4.4 kg body
among anglers (Banarescu 1989; Krieg et al. 2000; mass and males mature at 830 mm and 3.7 kg (Alp
Britton and Pegg 2007; Carol et al. 2007, 2009; Copp et al. 2004).
et al. 2009). Silurus glanis and S. triostegus inhabit Growth parameters of fish populations are impor-
Turkish inland waters; the former species has a wide tant data for fisheries management and vary among
_
distribution that includes Manyas, Apolyont, Iznik, populations. Age and growth of different European
¨
Golhisar lakes and Sakarya, Kura, Aras, Kızılırmak, catfish populations were reviewed by Copp et al.
Yes ilırmak, Seyhan and Ceyhan rivers in Turkey
¸ (2009) and its geographical variation is still poorly
(Geldiay and Balık 1996) while S. triostegus is known. The objectives of the present study are to
¨ ¨
endemic to the Euphrates basin (Unlu and Bozkurt provide growth data from a native S. glanis popula-
1996). tion and to compare them with the invasive and
The European catfish has an economic importance native populations in other region. European catfish is
in commercial and recreational fisheries as well as in an important invasive species and its ecological
aquaculture. Its aquaculture production has increased impacts are poorly understood (Carol et al. 2009;
from 600 tonnes in 1993 to 2,000 tonnes in 2002 in Copp et al. 2009) in part because of the absence of
ten European countries (Linhart et al. 2002; Copp data before introductions. Hence, these results form a
et al. 2009). However, the total production of native S. glanis population will help to understand the
European catfish by aquaculture and the captive life history variation in their introduced range.
fisheries in all Europe and former USSR countries
decreased from 17,459 tonnes in 1990 to 11,286 ton-
nes in 1999 primarily due to lower catches in the Methods
Volga River delta and in other rivers of the former
Soviet Union (Linhart et al. 2002). In contrast to Data collecting and age determination
Europe and although there are no aquaculture facil-
ities of European catfish in Turkey, its commercial Menzelet Reservoir, located at 37°430 800 N, 36°510 5900 E
catches increased from 300 tonnes in 1993 to and 700 m altitude in River Ceyhan at the eastern
1,000 tonnes in 2000, probably due to the large Mediterranean region of Turkey, has a surface area of
increase of reservoirs in recent years. 4,200 ha. The maximum depth is ca. 100 m and total
Because of its economic importance, European water volume is about 12 9 109 m3. Water tempera-
catfish has attracted recent interest as a potential tures range 9–30°C and other water quality parameters
species for aquaculture, and a number of studies have of the reservoir are given by Tanrıverdi et al. (2010).
been carried out for its artificial reproduction and Annual commercial catch of the reservoir is ca.
aquaculture production (Haffray et al. 1998; Brzuska 40 tonnes, 15 of which were of European catfish (Alp
and Adamek 1999). However, the ecology of its wild et al. 2004).
populations both in its natural and introduced ranges Samples of European catfish were collected using
is poorly known, probably because of the difficulty of trammel nets and hooklines or from commercial
sampling such a large species in large rivers or lentic fishery catches. Total length (TL) and total weight
ecosystems (Carol et al. 2007, 2009; Copp et al. (W) of the fish were measured and individuals were
2009). European catfish shows maximal movement dissected and then their sexes were recorded. All
during the warmest season and has strictly nocturnal procedures involving fish were approved by the
´
feeding activity (Slavık et al. 2007) and during day University of Kahramanmaras Animal Care and
¸
time it is located in the littoral zone and spends Use Committee.
extended periods of the day hidden in concealed The age of S. glanis is generally estimated by the
habitats (Carol et al. 2007). European catfish inhabits analysis of vertebrae, otoliths (Planche 1987a, 1987b;
the lower reaches of large rivers and muddy lakes and Rossi et al. 1991) and pectoral fin rays (Harka 1984;
tends to prey on smaller fish than could be expected ´´
Harka and Bıro 1990; Horoszewicz and Backiel
for its size and mouth gape (Adamek et al. 1999; 2003). Pectoral fin rays are often used for aging
¨
Dogan Bora and Gul 2004; Wysujack and Mehner because they are easily sampled without reducing the
2005; Carol et al. 2009). In the Menzelet Reservoir, economic value of the fish. However, the growth of
123
3. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
the haemal tube of the ray may damage the first were accepted only if counts by both readers were in
annuli and some fish may display juvenile rings that agreement or if a third independent analysis matched
´´
are not true annuli (Harka and Bıro 1990; Horo- one of the previous readings.
szewicz and Backiel 2003). In contrast, vertebrae are Marginal increment analysis was used to validate
more difficult to obtain and are thus less frequently the periodicity of band formation in the vertebrae.
used to age European catfish, although might be more Marginal increment analysis is one of the most
accurate for ageing and were used in this study. commonly employed age validation techniques in fish
Yılmaz et al. (2007) compared vertebrae, pectoral fin and typically consists in comparing the width of the
spines, and otoliths (utricular (lapillus) and lagenar ultimate, developing band to the width of the last
(asteriscus)) to age of 128 S. glanis and found fully formed band pair in different months of capture
vertebrae as superior. (Cailliet et al. 2006). We estimated the marginal
The first 3–5 vertebrae from the beginning of the increment ratio (MIR) as:
head were removed of each individual and were
cooked and excess muscle and tissue were removed. VRc À VRi
MIR ¼
Vertebrae were also rinsed in 8–10% NaOH for 3–4 h VRi À VRiÀ1
to remove connective tissue. Cleaned vertebrae were where VRc is the centrum radius, and VRi and VRi-1
washed in water, dried and their centrums were are the radii of the ultimate and penultimate bands,
longitudinally sectioned by an Isomet low speed saw. respectively (Fig. 1) (Cailliet et al. 2006).
Sectioned centrum was soaked in 5–10% sodium The relationship between vertebrae radius and
hypochlorite solution for up to 15–20 min (depending total length was approximately linear and was
on their size) and then rinsed in freshwater and estimated by linear regression. The regression in
glycerol. The total radius of the each vertebra (VRc) both sexes did not pass through the origin, thus
was measured using a micrometer on a projector and suggesting that Fraser-Lee method was appropriate
sectioned vertebrae were photographed. Images of for back-calculation (Ricker 1969), and the back-
vertebrae sections were then analysed with a com- calculated total length of the fish (Li) at age i was
puter. Growth band pairs (defined as a narrow estimated as:
translucent band adjacent to a wide opaque band)
were independently counted and the radius of each VRi
band pair measured from the centre of the vertebra to Li ¼ ðLc À aÞ þ a
VRc
the distal edge and the measurements were used for
back-calculations (Fig. 1). Two readers indepen- where Lc is the total length of the fish at capture, VRc
dently aged all vertebrae three times. Age estimates is the vertebrae radius at capture, VRi is the vertebrae
radius at ring i, and a is the intercept of the
regression.
Growth functions
Three of the most commonly used growth functions,
namely the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF),
the logistic growth function, and the Gompertz
5 4 3 2 1 B growth function (see e.g. Cailliet et al. 2006) were
VRc used to fit the length at age of the European catfish.
VRi
VRi-1 The NLIN procedure of the statistical package SAS
8.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA, 2001) was
used to estimate the parameters of each function. The
three growth functions are described as follows:
(1) von Bertalanffy growth function
Fig. 1 Growth bands formed on the vertebral centrum of
European catfish. B birth mark Lt ¼ L1 ½1 À eÀkðtÀt0 Þ Š
123
4. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
50000
(2) the logistic growth function Male
45000 2.9133
W = 0.0104 x TL
L1 40000
Lt ¼ 2
r = 0.9664; n=110; p<0.0001
1 þ eÀkðtÀt0 Þ 35000
ÀeÀkðtÀt0 Þ 30000
(3) Gompertz growth function Lt ¼ L1 e ,
W (g)
25000
where Lt is the length at age t, L? is the asymptotic 20000
length, k is the growth coefficient, t is the age (year) 15000
and to is a constant. 10000
The goodness of fit of the three growth functions 5000
was compared based on the ratio of Lmax/L?, the 0
coefficient of determination (r2) and Akaike’s infor- 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
mation criterion (AIC; Haddon 2001). AIC was used TL (cm)
to compare the goodness of fit of different growth
50000
functions (Chen et al. 2007; Chiang et al. 2004; Liu Female
45000
et al. 2009), however, when n/k 40, AICc should be W = 0.0038 x TL
3.1295
40000
2
used instead of AIC (Franklin et al. 2001). Therefore, r = 0.9845; n=135; p<0.0001
35000
AICc was used in the present study. AIC and AICc
30000
were expressed as;
W (g) 25000
AIC ¼ n ln(MSE) þ 2k 20000
15000
2kðk þ 1Þ
AICc ¼ AIC þ 10000
nÀkÀ1
5000
where n is the total sample size, MSE is the error mean 0
square, and k is the number of parameters estimated in 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
the growth function. The growth model with the TL (cm)
smallest AICc value is most likely to be correct. Fig. 2 Length-weight relationship of the European catfish
caught at Menzelet Reservoir
revealed no significant differences in length–weight
Results relationships between females and males (ANCOVA,
p [ 0.05).
Length and weight
Age estimation and validation
A total of 257 European catfish (142 females and 115
males) from Menzelet Reservoir were obtained from In total, 245 of the 257 fish were aged successfully
the fisheries catch or by sampling with trammel nets and 12 vertebral sections (4.67%) were rejected
and hook lines. The total length of the specimens because the third band reading did not agree with the
ranged from 30.9 cm (220 g) to 148.1 cm (24,260 g) previous two analyses. The vertebral sections of the
for females and from 38.5 cm (330 g) to 187.0 cm female individuals showed up to 11 age groups from
(42,500 g) for males. The mean size of female and 2 to 12 years old. However, the male individuals had
male individuals were 92.7 ± 23.4 cm (6578.2 ± 14 age groups from 2 to 17 years old. The percent
4964.1 g) and 101.8 ± 29.2 cm (9041.1 ± 7868.9 g), agreement (PA) between readers was 76.3% overall,
respectively. 90.2% for 1 band, and 95.4% for 2 bands.
The relationships between total weight (W) and total Significant linear relationships were found
length (TL) were described as W = 0.0104 TL2.9133 between the vertebral centrum diameter (VR) and
(n = 110; r2 = 0.9664; p 0.0001) for males and total length (TL) for 135 females and 110 males,
W = 0.0038 TL3.1295 (n = 135; r2 = 0.9845; which differed significantly (ANCOVA, p 0.01)
p 0.0001) for females (Fig. 2). Statistical analysis (Fig. 3). The monthly means of marginal increment
123
5. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
ratio (MIR) for females with all ages combined, maximum of 1.339 in May to 0.598 and 0.591 in June
declined from the maximum of 1.395 in May to and July and then increased to 0.855 in August. The
minimal of 0.556 in June and 0.612 in July and then MIR monthly means during the period from October
increased to 0.795 in August (Fig. 4). Similarly, the to February were not significantly different (ANO-
monthly means of MIR for males dropped from the VAs: females, p = 0.36; males p = 0.874), but
monthly means of MIR in March, April and May
were significantly higher than those in June, July and
250
August (two sample t test, p 0.001). Also the mean
Male Female
225 TL = 15.488+11.852*VR TL = 17.767+11.403*VR MIR in July was significantly lower than in August
2 2
200 r = 0.980 r = 0.966 (females: t test, p 0.001). The MIR monthly means
Total length (TL) (cm
175 indicated that annulus formation occurred between
150 May and June.
125
100 Growth
75
50 The observed and back-calculated mean lengths at
25 age are reported separately for females (Table 1) and
0 males (Table 2). Growth rates of both sexes were
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Vertebrae radius (VR) (mm) lower in older fish. Back-calculated lengths were
lower than those observed. The differences between
Fig. 3 Relationship between vertebral radius and total length back-calculated and observed lengths did not change
of the European catfish (S. glanis) from Menzelet Reservoir. with age. The mean back-calculated lengths of older
Filled circles correspond to females and open squares to males
fish in early years were quite similar to the observed
mean lengths of individuals of the corresponding
Male
age, suggesting that Lee’s phenomenon was not
Mean marginal increment rati
2.500
13 12 important.
2.000
The maximum likelihood ratio test suggested that
14 10
1.500 12 12 5
8 7
6 5
the growth functions between sexes were signifi-
6
cantly different (p 0.05). The estimates of the three
1.000
growth models were as follows:
0.500
(1) von Bertalanffy  growth function (VBGF): Ã
0.000 Male: Lt ¼ 303:2 1 þ eÀ0:051ðtþ1:593Þ (n = 110,
J F M A M J J A S O N D
r2 = 0.999, p 0.0001) Ã
 (Fig. 5a); Female: Lt ¼
Month
260:0 1 þ eÀ0:064ðtþ1:332Þ (n = 135, r2 = 0.999,
2.500
Female p 0.0001) (Fig. 5b).
Mean marginal increment rati
198:8
14 (2) logistic growth function Male: Lt ¼ 1þeÀ0:222ðtÀ6:529Þ
11 2
2.000
11 (n = 110, r = 0.992, p 0.0001); Female: Lt ¼
1.500 11
12
14
13
14 9
168:6
1þeÀ0:287ðtÀ4:967Þ
(n = 135, r2 = 0.995, p 0.0001).
12 6 (3) Gompertz growth function Male: Lt ¼
8 À0:138ðtÀ4:698Þ
1.000 219:4eÀe , (n = 110, r2 = 0.996, p
À0:177ðtÀ3:577Þ
0.0001); Female: Lt ¼ 186:8eÀe , (n =
0.500 2
135, r = 0.998, p 0.0001).
0.000
J F M A M J J A S O N D The VBGF had the smallest AICc and highest r2
Month among the three growth functions (Table 3) for both
sexes. The highest male length (187 cm) in the study
Fig. 4 Monthly changes in marginal increment ratio of male
was 61.7% of the L? in the VBGF, 94.1% in the
and female European catfish (S. glanis) from Menzelet
Reservoir. Vertical lines are minimum and maximum MIR, logistic growth function and 85.2% in the Gompertz
numbers on the top of vertical lines are sample sizes function. The highest female length (148.1 cm) was
123
6. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
Table 1 Back-calculated and observed length-at-age data (cm) for female European catfish (Silurus glanis) from Menzelet Reservoir
Age N 1 (135) 2 (135) 3 (131) 4 (124) 5 (112) 6 (89) 7 (51) 8 (26) 9 (11) 10 (6) 11 (2) 12 (1)
Back-calculated
2 4 33.19 42.95
3 7 32.84 40.54 52.40
4 12 31.87 40.80 55.13 71.25
5 23 32.48 43.87 59.19 72.68 85.86
6 38 32.74 43.82 56.73 70.04 83.13 94.37
7 25 33.59 45.24 58.80 71.11 84.15 94.81 105.88
8 15 32.03 43.34 57.15 69.99 81.27 91.78 102.44 112.50
9 5 30.12 42.85 55.45 68.12 82.31 93.45 104.65 114.11 126.80
10 4 33.05 42.97 58.31 71.87 83.02 96.82 103.89 113.93 122.37 131.49
11 1 28.91 38.44 55.35 64.98 79.84 94.61 100.12 109.87 118.54 129.54 140.21
12 1 33.97 44.24 54.47 65.43 78.88 93.13 103.00 110.72 119.59 128.10 136.30 145.05
Mean 32.25 42.64 56.30 69.50 82.31 94.14 103.33 112.22 121.82 129.71 138.26 145.05
SD 2.862 3.60 5.23 6.23 7.65 8.89 9.84 6.22 4.61 7.64 2.81
Observed
Mean 45.95 59.62 74.32 87.96 99.45 107.17 116.65 128.41 135.50 142.10 148.10
SD 5.540 8.568 9.771 8.181 10.831 12.130 9.343 7.214 14.870
Numbers in parantheses are the number of individuals examined for each category of band count
57.0% of the L? in VBGF, 87.8% in the logistic and of 5 m TL and 306 kg was recorded near Krement-
79.3% in the Gompertz growth function. The VBGF chug (Berg 1949). In our study the largest fish was
of European catfish as a function of age indicated 187 cm in total length. However, larger specimens
higher growth rates in males than in females (max- (TL [ 2.5 m) are caught every year in the commer-
imum likelihood ratio test: p 0.01). cial catch at Menzelet reservoir. Male catfish of
The length at age of eight native S. glanis popula- Menzelet reservoir were larger than females of the
tions from different regions and 13 invasive popula- same age, in agreement with previous studies (Ciocan
tions from Spain, Italy, France and England are given in 1979; Carol et al. 2009; Copp et al. 2009). Differ-
Fig. 6. Growth rates of the native populations includ- ences in total length between male and female were
ing Menzelet significantly differed from each other of ca. 5–6 cm before age 9, but decreased to 2–3 cm
(ANCOVA: population 9 age, F7, 83 = 11.4, p 0.001). afterwards.
Growth rates of the invasive populations were also Total lengths at age in the present study were
significantly different (ANCOVA: population 9 age, higher than the overall means of the 30 native
F11,59 = 18.83, p 0.001). The differences among populations of a previous review (Table 4) but were
growth rates of native and invasive populations were within the mean ranges among the total of 51
also significant (ANCOVA: population 9 age, F19, populations. Growth in S. glanis is highly variable
142 = 18.47, p 0.001). Growth rates in southern (Harka 1984), depending on several factors such as
populations such as in Turkey, Spain and Italy, were habitat, water temperature, and food abundance
higher than in northern countries such as England and (Copp et al. 2009). Menzelet reservoir is located in
Russia. the eastern Mediterranean region and has abundant
cyprinid prey species and a water temperature that
ranges between 9–30°C and is above 20°C over
Discussion 6–7 months during the year and likely explains the
higher growth rates in Menzelet reservoir. Similar
The largest S. glanis reported in the literature was length at age were reported for the invasive popula-
caught in the River Dnepr, where a maximum record tions in Spanish reservoirs (Carol et al. 2009).
123
8. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
(a) 300 103.3 cm) for female and 113.4 cm (back-calculated
280 VBGF is 109.5 cm) for male. These findings are similar to
260
240 Spanish invasive populations located in the Mediter-
Gompertz
220 ranean region.
Total length (cm)
200
180 Logistic Higher r2 and smaller AICc suggested that the
160 VBGF was a better model to describe the growth of
140
120 the European catfish. Froese and Binohlan (2000)
100
reported a high correlation between asymptotic length
80
60 and maximum length of fish in general, and they
40
20
suggested that asymptotic length should be about 5%
0 higher than the maximum observed length. Although
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
the L? estimate of the VBGF was much larger than
Age (years)
those of the logistic and Gompertz models and did not
fit Froese and Binohlan’s 5% criterion, the much
(b) 260
240
VBGF larger catfish caught in the commercial fisheries
220 actually suggest that the logistic and Gompertz
200 Gompertz models yielded too low L? estimates. L? estimates
Total length (cm)
180
160
of the different S. glanis populations from Spain
Logistic
140 (Carol et al. 2009), Poland (Horoszewicz and Backiel
120 2003), Hungary (Harka 1984) and England (Britton
100
80
and Pegg 2007) varied from 125.3 to 357.0 cm and the
60 results of populations from Hungary and Spanish were
40 more consistent with our results. Growth model
20
0
estimates are greatly affected by the lack of very
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 young or old individuals (Cailliet and Goldman 2004).
Age (years) The marginal increment analysis conducted for
Fig. 5 Growth curves generated from a males and b females European catfish suggested that annulus formation
European catfish (S. glanis) from Menzelet Reservoir occurred from May to June. Spawning for European
catfish in Menzelet Reservoir lasts from June through
Average total length of S. glanis of age 7 were: August (Alp et al. 2004). Similar findings about MIR
110 cm in Spanish reservoirs (Carol et al. 2009); for European catfish have been reported by Horo-
70.3 cm in the Vag River, Slovakia; 80.4 cm in the szewicz and Backiel (2003).
Tizsa River, Hungary; and 102 cm in the Danube In the present study, life spans were 12 years for
River, Serbia (Harka 1984). In the present study, the females and 17 years for males. These life spans are
observed length of 7 years old female S. glanis was higher than those of the majority of the populations in
estimated as 107.2 cm (back-calculated length is Tables 4 and 5. Life span of the native populations
Table 3 Estimated growth parameters and comparation of goodness of fit among von Bertalanffy, logistic and Gompertz growth
functions for European catfish
Growth function Sex L? k to r2 AICc Lmax/L?
von Bertalanffy Male 303.2 (15.774) 0.051 (0.004) -1.593 (0.287) 0.999 27.624 0.62
Female 260.0 (14.446) 0.064 (0.007) -1.334 (0.168) 0.999 19.768 0.57
Logistic Male 198.8 (6.599) 0.222 (0.016) -6.529 (0.383) 0.992 59.092 0.94
Female 168.6 (5.212) 0.287 (0.019) -4.967 (0.274) 0.995 36.725 0.88
Gompertz Male 219.4 (7.705) 0.138 (0.009) -4.698 (0.287) 0.996 46.842 0.85
Female 186.8 (6.102) 0.177 (0.011) -3.577 (0.205) 0.998 26.741 0.79
Values in parentheses indicate the SE
123
9. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
(a) 240
R.Ebro
Flix Re.
220
Riba-roja Re.
200
Sau Re.
180 SIF
160 Susqueda Re.
TIV
Length (cm)
140
TOR
120
D11_5
100 E2-11
80 R. Po
60
R. Seille
English Lake
40
Native (n=8)
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Age
Farkhad Re.
(b) 240
Kakhovka Re.
220
Kuybyshev Re.
200 Tsimlyansk Re.
180 Zegrzynski Re.
160
Vranov Re.
Orlik Re.
Length (cm)
140
Menzelet Re.
120
Invasive (n=13)
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Age
Fig. 6 Comparison of the length at age of different Silurus glanis populations a invasive populations and native mean, b native
populations and invasive mean
was reported as 22 years for males and 16 years for introduced to Spain were 17 years for Flix and Riba-
females in the Volga Delta, with specimens of roja reservoirs, 7 years for Sau reservoir, 4 years for
26 years old having been observed in Danube delta Susqueda reservoir and 5 years for Ebro channels in
(Copp et al. 2009). Life spans for this species Spain (Carol et al. 2009).
123
10. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
In conclusion, this study provides detailed esti- conservation of native populations of this species and
mates of age and growth for the European catfish, to understand the ecological response of its intro-
which can be used to improve the management and duced populations.
Table 4 Back-calculated total lengths (TL) at age of native S. glanis populations in a previous review of 30 studies (Copp et al.
2009) and comparison with the results of the present study
Native populations TL (cm) at age
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Overall mean 20 36 51 62 72 81 88 97 106 113
Minimum population mean 11 22 33 43 52 60 70 72 78 80
Maximum population mean 41 58 90 96 106 118 129 138 153 155
Menzelet Reservoir, Female 32 43 56 70 82 94 103 112 122 130
Menzelet Reservoir, Male 38 49 62 74 87 100 109 118 125 132
Native populations TL (cm) at age
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 25
Overall mean 120 130 130 138 147 166 177 190 193 192 198
Minimum population mean 92 99 96 111 121 140 150 155 160 165 180
Maximum population mean 165 175 180 190 194 197 208 212 216 227 207
Menzelet Reservoir, Female 138 145
Menzelet Reservoir, Male 141 150 158 164 172 180 186
Table 5 Total lengths at age of the invasive S. glanis populations and their comparisons with the results of the present study
Invasive TL (cm) at age
populations
Country 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
River Ebro Spain 26 36 46 43 53
Flix Reservoir Spain 14 37 58 64 78 89 92 97 103 115 101 124
Riba-roja Reservoir Spain 23 39 60 78 100 112 118 158
Sau Reservoir Spain 38 59 82 91 114 131
Ebro channel 1 Spain 19 41 70 87 91
Susqueda Reservoir Spain 14 53 55 68 95
Ebro channel 2 Spain 51 61 66
Ebro channel 3 Spain 20 45 50 77
Ebro channel 4 Spain 21 32
Ebro channel 5 Spain 23 28 55 106 130
River Po Italy 19 44 78 110 127 215
River Seille France 28 53 70 85 99 119 128 136 145 151 162
An English Lake UK 64 78 86 93 98 102 106 110
Mean 20 37 56 71 83 98 114 108 112 120 146 132
Menzelet Re. Female Turkey 32 43 56 70 82 94 103 112 122 130 138
Menzelet Re. Male Turkey 38 49 62 74 87 100 109 118 125 132 141
123
11. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries
Table 5 continued
Invasive populations TL (cm) at age
Country 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Ref.
River Ebro Spain 1
Flix Reservoir Spain 141 169 194 193 1
Riba-roja Reservoir Spain 210 1
Sau Reservoir Spain 1
Ebro channel 1 Spain 1
Susqueda Reservoir Spain 1
Ebro channel 2 Spain 1
Ebro channel 3 Spain 1
Ebro channel 4 Spain 1
Ebro channel 5 Spain 1
River Po Italy 2
River Seille France 161 3
An English Lake UK 113 116 119 121 4
Mean 137 129 144 121 194 202
Menzelet Re. Female Turkey 145 (P)
Menzelet Re. Male Turkey 150 158 164 172 180 186 (P)
Ref: (1) Carol et al. (2009); (2) Rossi et al. (1991); (3) Planche (1987a, b); (4) Britton et al. (2007); (P) Present study
Acknowledgments We wish to thank the members of the LHRH-a, Ovaprim and carp pituitary extract. Aquac Res
fisheries cooperative in Menzelet reservoir for their assistance, 30(1):59–64
and two anonymous referees and Dr. Derya Bostancı for Cailliet GM, Goldman KJ (2004) Age determination and val-
their helpful suggestions, which considerably improved the idation in Chondrichthyan fishes. In: Carrier J, Musick JA,
manuscript. EGB was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Heithaus M (eds) The biology of sharks and their rela-
Science (projects CGL2009-12877-C02-01 and Consolider- tives. CRC Press, New York, pp 399–447
Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065). Cailliet GM, Smith WD, Mollet HF, Goldman KJ (2006) Age
and growth studies of chondrichthyan fishes: the need for
consistency in terminology, verification, validation, and
growth function fitting. Environ Biol Fishes 77:211–228
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