Yellowfin tuna are an important commercial fish found worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans. They form schools and feed primarily on fish, crustaceans, and squids. According to this study, the major components of yellowfin tuna diet were teleost fish, crabs, squids, and shrimps. Overfishing is impacting some yellowfin tuna populations. The study of their feeding habits is important to understand ecosystem impacts and inform sustainable exploitation.
Studies the physico-chemical parameters of water, soil and the nutritional va...ijtsrd
India is a high speed population growing country and present population of India is about 127 crores. Among them a huge number of our children have been suffering from mal-nutritional diseases. They need protein feed and molluscs meat especially cephalopods meat is a good source of protein. India harvested 1.73 lakh tones of cephalopods, 0.04 lakh tones of bivalves and 0.02 tones of gastropods from Indian marine resources like Arabian sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean in the year 2013-2014. The people of southern states of India consume molluscs meat in huge quantity as their everyday protein resource food. The local poor people at Digha eat occasionally only cephalopods meat. From our study for about last 4 years we get 12 bivalves species belonging to 5 orders, 6 families and 8 genera out of 54 available bivalves species, 2 gastropods species belonging to 2 orders, 2 families and 2 genera out of 35 available gastropods species and 4 cephalopods species belonging to 3 orders, 3 families and 4 genera out of 4 available cephalopods species are edible. Manotosh Das | Maity Joydev"Studies the physico-chemical parameters of water, soil and the nutritional values of edible cephalopods found at Digha coast, West Bengal, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2253.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/2253/studies-the-physico-chemical-parameters-of-water-soil-and-the-nutritional-values-of-edible-cephalopods-found-at-digha-coast-west-bengal-india/manotosh-das
Puffer fish belonging to the family tetraodontidae are usually distributed in the shallow waters. During investigation in stations viz. Marina Park, Chidiyatapu and Burmanullah, around Andaman, five species from genus Arothron and two from Canthigaster have been recorded and were mostly found to prefer coral reefs and rock crevices, with the exception of Arothron immaculatus, which was found to be present in the open waters and it confined to sandy bottom substrate with patches of sea grasses around them. These fishes were found to be most diverse and abundant in Chidiyatapu with the Margelef’s Richness Index of 2.49, Shannon-Wiener index of 1.05 and Pielou’s evenness index of 0.96. Biometric analysis results demonstrate that they have shown an isometric growth. The individuals collected were mostly lying in the length group of 120-160 mm. Gut content analysis of A. Immaculatus reveals that the fish feed mainly on molluscs and sea urchin and the other food items were shrimps, crabs, sponges, micro algae, foraminiferans etc. gastro-somatic index, hepato-somatic index and gonado-somatic indices were also calculated to throw light upon the feeding behavior and reproductive maturity of the fishes. Most of the individuals were found to be in the developing stage of maturity.
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, formerly Penaeus vannamei), also known as Pacific white shrimp or King prawn, is a variety of prawn of the eastern Pacific Ocean commonly caught or farmed for food.L. vannamei is a decapod crustacean which is native to the Eastern Pacific Coast of Central and
South America from Tumbes, Peru in the south to Mexico in the north. It has been introduced widely around the world since the 1970s, but especially since 2000, as it has become the principle
cultured shrimp species in Asia. The species itself is not considered a major threat to biodiversity, does not appear to have formed breeding populations, and has generally resulted in positive economic impacts in non-indigenous areas. An examination of current lists of invasive species
published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Invasive Species Specialist Group (IUCN, 2004) revealed no listings for L. vannamei. As mentioned, L. vannamei has been anthropogenically introduced as an aquaculture species to several areas of the world to which it is
not native.
,
Nazmul Haque Syekat
Molluscs had a tremendous impact on Indian tradition and economy popular as ornaments and currency.
The over – exploitation and juvenile exploitation of some species led to gradual decline of the stock.
Studies on the commercially important gastropods are scanty.
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
Fish conservation zones as tools for fisheries management and conservation in...FISHBIO
Fish Conservation Zones (FCZs), or areas that limit or prohibit fishing, have gained widespread popularity as fisheries management and conservation tools in marine and freshwater ecosystems around the world. By protecting critical habitats and allowing fish populations to increase in abundance, FCZs can serve dual purposes of protecting fish biodiversity and enhancing food security and livelihoods for local communities. Rapid development in the Mekong Basin has the potential to impact fish habitat and abundance, and effective fish conservation and management tools are urgently needed. Many organizations have engaged in establishing FCZs in the Mekong Basin, and FCZs number in the hundreds in Lao PDR alone. FISHBIO is working to establish FCZs in several villages on the mainstem Mekong River in northern Lao PDR, and has seen substantial local support for the concept. While FCZs are compelling in principle, the most important consideration is whether they are successful in practice. Biophysical, socio-economic and governance monitoring is greatly needed to address whether FCZs are effective tools for meeting their intended objectives. Both technological and community-based approaches can play an important role in the biological evaluation of FCZ effectiveness, and collecting such data could improve the management of FCZs throughout the region.
Studies the physico-chemical parameters of water, soil and the nutritional va...ijtsrd
India is a high speed population growing country and present population of India is about 127 crores. Among them a huge number of our children have been suffering from mal-nutritional diseases. They need protein feed and molluscs meat especially cephalopods meat is a good source of protein. India harvested 1.73 lakh tones of cephalopods, 0.04 lakh tones of bivalves and 0.02 tones of gastropods from Indian marine resources like Arabian sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean in the year 2013-2014. The people of southern states of India consume molluscs meat in huge quantity as their everyday protein resource food. The local poor people at Digha eat occasionally only cephalopods meat. From our study for about last 4 years we get 12 bivalves species belonging to 5 orders, 6 families and 8 genera out of 54 available bivalves species, 2 gastropods species belonging to 2 orders, 2 families and 2 genera out of 35 available gastropods species and 4 cephalopods species belonging to 3 orders, 3 families and 4 genera out of 4 available cephalopods species are edible. Manotosh Das | Maity Joydev"Studies the physico-chemical parameters of water, soil and the nutritional values of edible cephalopods found at Digha coast, West Bengal, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2253.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/2253/studies-the-physico-chemical-parameters-of-water-soil-and-the-nutritional-values-of-edible-cephalopods-found-at-digha-coast-west-bengal-india/manotosh-das
Puffer fish belonging to the family tetraodontidae are usually distributed in the shallow waters. During investigation in stations viz. Marina Park, Chidiyatapu and Burmanullah, around Andaman, five species from genus Arothron and two from Canthigaster have been recorded and were mostly found to prefer coral reefs and rock crevices, with the exception of Arothron immaculatus, which was found to be present in the open waters and it confined to sandy bottom substrate with patches of sea grasses around them. These fishes were found to be most diverse and abundant in Chidiyatapu with the Margelef’s Richness Index of 2.49, Shannon-Wiener index of 1.05 and Pielou’s evenness index of 0.96. Biometric analysis results demonstrate that they have shown an isometric growth. The individuals collected were mostly lying in the length group of 120-160 mm. Gut content analysis of A. Immaculatus reveals that the fish feed mainly on molluscs and sea urchin and the other food items were shrimps, crabs, sponges, micro algae, foraminiferans etc. gastro-somatic index, hepato-somatic index and gonado-somatic indices were also calculated to throw light upon the feeding behavior and reproductive maturity of the fishes. Most of the individuals were found to be in the developing stage of maturity.
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, formerly Penaeus vannamei), also known as Pacific white shrimp or King prawn, is a variety of prawn of the eastern Pacific Ocean commonly caught or farmed for food.L. vannamei is a decapod crustacean which is native to the Eastern Pacific Coast of Central and
South America from Tumbes, Peru in the south to Mexico in the north. It has been introduced widely around the world since the 1970s, but especially since 2000, as it has become the principle
cultured shrimp species in Asia. The species itself is not considered a major threat to biodiversity, does not appear to have formed breeding populations, and has generally resulted in positive economic impacts in non-indigenous areas. An examination of current lists of invasive species
published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Invasive Species Specialist Group (IUCN, 2004) revealed no listings for L. vannamei. As mentioned, L. vannamei has been anthropogenically introduced as an aquaculture species to several areas of the world to which it is
not native.
,
Nazmul Haque Syekat
Molluscs had a tremendous impact on Indian tradition and economy popular as ornaments and currency.
The over – exploitation and juvenile exploitation of some species led to gradual decline of the stock.
Studies on the commercially important gastropods are scanty.
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
The area of the sea south of Cape Comorin has been generally known as the 'Wadge Bank'.
The area has been defined by the Fishery Survey of India (F. S. I) as that part of the sea bed between 76°. 30'E to 78°.00 E Long, and07°.00 to 8°. 20' N Lat.
The area is about 4000 Sq. Miles in area
Fish conservation zones as tools for fisheries management and conservation in...FISHBIO
Fish Conservation Zones (FCZs), or areas that limit or prohibit fishing, have gained widespread popularity as fisheries management and conservation tools in marine and freshwater ecosystems around the world. By protecting critical habitats and allowing fish populations to increase in abundance, FCZs can serve dual purposes of protecting fish biodiversity and enhancing food security and livelihoods for local communities. Rapid development in the Mekong Basin has the potential to impact fish habitat and abundance, and effective fish conservation and management tools are urgently needed. Many organizations have engaged in establishing FCZs in the Mekong Basin, and FCZs number in the hundreds in Lao PDR alone. FISHBIO is working to establish FCZs in several villages on the mainstem Mekong River in northern Lao PDR, and has seen substantial local support for the concept. While FCZs are compelling in principle, the most important consideration is whether they are successful in practice. Biophysical, socio-economic and governance monitoring is greatly needed to address whether FCZs are effective tools for meeting their intended objectives. Both technological and community-based approaches can play an important role in the biological evaluation of FCZ effectiveness, and collecting such data could improve the management of FCZs throughout the region.
Locomotion in fishes has been classified into three types: Anguilliform or ...RirisLindiawati
Locomotion of fishes means movement of fishes for their survival .
It provides a number of interesting information to the Ichthyologists.
The knowledge of the different methods of locomotion is yet not fully understood because fishes in aquaria or somewhere else other than their natural inhabitation tend to behave in a manner somewhat different from the normal.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. INTRODUCTION
Yellowfin is often marketed as ahi, from the Hawaiianʻahi, a name
also used there for the closely related bigeyetuna.
The yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a species of tuna found in pelagic
waters of tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide
They form schools with other tunas like skipjack and bigeye, and are also
known to associate with dolphins
3. Commercially important.
Although tuna do provide food and livelihoods for people, they are more than
just seafood.
Tuna are a top predator in the marine food chain, maintaining a balance in
the ocean environment.
4. Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Class : Actinopterygii
Order : Perciformes
Family : Scombridae
Genus : Thunnus
Subgenus : Neothunnus
Species : albacares
5. BIOLOGY
Yellowfin tuna are torpedo-shaped with dark metallic blue backs, yellow
sides, and a silver belly. They have very long anal and dorsal fins and finlets
that are bright yellow. .
They are highly migratory.
Yellowfin tuna reach a total length of 2.08 m and a maximum weight
of 200 kg. The average life span is 8 years.
STATUS:
Near Threatened
7. • Gears used :
Purse seining,
Long line,
Pole and line
• Spawning occurs primarily at night, at sea surface temperatures above 24–25°C
8. OVERFISHING:
According to information collected by the ISSF Scientific Advisory
Committee, the Eastern Pacific stock of yellowfin is overfished and some
overfishing is occurring in the Indian Ocean.
9. BYCATCH
Since juvenile yellowfin school with adult skipjack, they are increasingly
caught as bycatch by vessels that target skipjack. The removal of these
juveniles before they have a chance to spawn could lead to fewer yellowfin in
the long term.
10. • Yellowfin tuna prey include other fish, pelagic crustaceans and squid.
• Like all tunas, their body shape is particularly adapted for speed, enabling
them to pursue and capture fast-moving baitfish such as flyingfish, sauries,
and mackerel.
• Schooling species such as myctophids or lanternfish and similar pelagic
driftfish, anchovies, and sardines are frequently taken.
DIET AND PREDATION
11. • Large yellowfins prey on smaller members of the tuna family such as frigate
mackerel and skipjack tuna.
• Yellowfins are able to escape most predators, because unlike most fish, tuna
are warm-blooded, and their warm muscles make them extremely strong
swimmers, with yellowfin tuna reaching "speeds of up to 50 miles per hour".
(They can navigate enormous distances, sometimes crossing entire oceans.)
12.
13. The study of food and feeding in yellowfin tuna becomes very important
not only in using the data to evolve improved exploitation strategy but
also to understand the substantial structural changes brought about in the
ecosystem when they are removed by fishing.
IMPORTANCE
14. Reports on the food and feeding of T. albacares from Indian waters were
mostly based on specimens collected onboard exploratory research
cruises and generally confined to the fishes from island systems of India
(Silas et al., 1985; Sudarshan et al., 1991;
Vijaykumaran et al., 1992; John and Sudarshan, 1993; Pillai
et al., 1993; John, 1995, 1998; Govindraj et al., 2000;
Premchand and Chogale, 2003, Sivaraj et al., 2003).
15. This paper discusses in detail the feeding and the different prey items
constituting the food of T. albacares landed by commercial
fishermen operating hooks and line in the oceanic waters
along the east coast of India.
OBJECTIVE
17. cut open and the entire stomach
Stomach fullness was visually
classified into five categories
The average intensity of feeding
was evaluated by point’s method
The collected stomachs were
kept frozen at -20 oC
each stomach sample was
thawed and drained.
weight of the stomach taken
18. • Different items constituting one category were sorted and counted
• For each item, identifiable organs were used to determine the number of prey
present in the stomach.
• Prey items if consumed just before capture could be easily identified up to
species level.
•
19. • In case of partially digested fish, the number of mandibles, parasphenoids or
the maximum number of either right or left otoliths was assumed to reflect
the total number of prey.
• For partially digested cephalopods, the number of either upper or lower beak
was taken into account.
• In the case of partially digested crustaceans, telsons,cephalo-thorax or claws
were counted.
20. • IRI:
• This index is useful in evaluating the relative importance of
various food items. Based on the frequency of occurrence,
number and volume of each item, this can be determined by:
• IRI = (% N + %V) %F
• where, N = Numerical percentage
• V = Volumetric percentage
• F = Frequency of occurrence percentage
22. • The size distribution of yellowfin tuna whose stomachs were examined ranged
from 67cm to 174 cm with mode at 130 cm and mean length at 135.3 cm
• The food contents formed 0.1 to 1.4% of the wet body weight.
24. • On an average, 97 g of prey were found per stomach. Fish dominated the
diet by occurrence (65.1 %), and crustaceans by number (47.2 %)
25.
26.
27. • Observations on the food composition of T. albacares as revealed from the
stomach contents analysis showed that teleost fish, crabs, squids and shrimps
were the major component of food items.
• Squid beaks were found in stomachs of T. albacares and were useful in
determining the food item diversity.
• Generally, beaks resist digestion by top predators for longer periods and
continue to get accumulated in the stomach much after the muscle tissues have
been digested.
28. Bigg and Fawcett (1985) suggested, the presence of only beaks was not
considered as component of stomach diet for the day.
Kornilova (1981) observed that fishes were the most important prey by weight for
yellowfin tuna in the equatorial zone of the Indian Ocean.
Alverson (1963) too reported that the major food items in the stomach contents of
yellowfin tuna from the eastern tropical Pacific was fish (46.9% of total volume) and
crustaceans (45.4%) with cephalopods forming Feeding strategies and diet composition
of yellowfin tuna
29. • As is the case with any apex predator, T. albacares hunts actively for its prey.
The food chain and transfer of energy can be depicted as:
• phytoplankton→ smallzooplankton→ euphausiids→ micronektonic fishes→ T.
albacares from long line.
• This food chain has a food source restricted only to the biomass which stays
between 0-450 m during daytime and often supplemented by the diurnally
migrating deep scattering layer (DSL) organisms.
• The role and catchability of the vertically migrating mesopelagic fauna which
are responsible for the DSL, by surface predators is not well understood.
30. • The micronekton defined as “assemblage of actively swimming
crustaceans, cephalopods and fishes ranging from 1-10 cm in greatest
dimension” form an integral part of the DSL and plays a great role as prey
to oceanic pelagics (Menon, 2004).
They generally feed during daytime, feeding primarily on near-surface fishes, squids,
and swimming crabs (Buck1997) with intense predatory activity during the dawn and
sunset (Roger and Grandperrin, 1976).
Research conducted by Inter American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) indicate that
yellowfin tuna are generalist feeders and do not seek out specific prey species.
31. Menon (2004) and Karuppasamy and Menon (2005) have reported that
along the east coast of India, micronektonic biomass was abundant in
the depth realm below 300 m with swarming crabs (C. smithii), shrimps
(S. hextii), cephalopods (S. oualaniensis) and myctophids being more
abundant at a depth of 0-100 m.
Roger and Grandperrin (1976) and Potier et al. (2004) have reported that the
micronektonic fish component preyed upon by longline yellowfin tuna are almost
epipelagic fishes and not the vertically migrating micronektonic fishes which are the
main constituents of the DSL
32. • The occurrence of small prey such as Brachyuran megalopa in the stomach of
yellowfin tuna may be related to their availability in the vicinity and food
selectivity of the gill rakers as suggested by Magnuson and Heitz (1971).
CONCLUSION:
• Teleost fish, crabs, squids and shrimps were the major component of food
items.
• Priacanthus hamrur,Charybdis smithii.
33. REFERENCES:
• Alverson, G., 1963. The food of yellowfin and skipjack tunas in the eastern
tropical Pacific Ocean. Inter-Am. Trop. Tuna Comm. Bull., 7: 293-396.
• Bigg, M. A. and Fawcett, I., 1985. Two biases in diet determination of
northern fur seals. In: Beddington, J. R., Beverton, J. H. and Lavingne, D.
M. (Eds). Marina Mammals and Fisheries, George Allen & Unwin Boston,
p. 277-282
• Kornilova, G. N., 1981. Feeding of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares and
big eye tuna Thunnus obesus in the equatorial zone of the Indian Ocean. J.
Ichthyol., 20:111-119