The document discusses the history of English colonization in North America, focusing on the Chesapeake colonies and the middle colonies. It describes how tobacco became a major cash crop in the Chesapeake colonies, leading to increasing demands for slave labor. The middle colonies had rich soil that allowed them to become major exporters of grains like wheat. The middle colonies were originally settled and governed by the Dutch but later came under English control.

1. The English in North America
Matthew McHolland
History 140
Professor Arguello

2. The English in North America
CHESAPEAKE COLONIES- *** CHAPTER 7***
DURING THE BRITISH COLONIZATION OF THE NEW
WORLD, THE SOUTHERN THIRTEEN COLONIES AND THE
CHESAPEAKE PROVIDED ENGLAND WITH MUCH NEEDED
MONEY AND RESOURCES.
REGARDING AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURE IN THIS AREA
HAD A BIG INFLUENCE ON TOBACCO. EVENTUALLY
TOBACCO TURNED INTO THE LARGEST CASH CROP FOR
THE CHESAPEAKE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES.
AS AGRICULTURE GREW IN IMPORTANCE IN THE
SOUTHERN ECONOMY, THE DEMAND FOR MORE WORKERS
GREW AS WELL.

3. The English in North America
 Chesapeake Colonies- ***Chapter 7***
 TRADE- During this time, tobacco products, lumber
grain and boats became very popular.
 RELIGION- Protestant was the predominant in the
Chesapeake Colonies until the late 19th century.
 Much like the old world, colonial America was
divided into a rigid social structure. Pedigree
mattered more than anything!

4. ***Slavery**** Chapter 7***
 Americans in Virginia and Maryland discovered tobacco to be
very profitable. A lot of land was given to tobacco plantations
because there was such a high demand for the good in Europe.
 Plantation owner began to import slaves from Africa to do the
work. The slaves were taken from their families in Africa and
worked all day cultivating, drying leaves, and packing the
tobacco. Many slaves tried to scape from their owners but not
many succeeded.

5. ***Immigration*** Ch # 7
 The first successful settlement in Chesapeake, Jamestown
(1607), was set up by the Virginia Company and most of its
population was made of English.
 Maryland was established by George Calvert as a refuge for
Roman Catholics. Although it was intended as a refugee for
Catholics, a significant part of the population was
protestant, and protestant gained control of the colony
during the English Civil Wars.

6. ***The Government System*** Chapter 7
 The first democratically elected government was the
House of Burgesses, which was first convened in
1619 by Governor George Yeardley.
 The governor had the most power of any. His duties
included judicial, religious, military, appointing
officials, leader of legislature, but no power over
public funds.

7. ***The Middle Colonies*** Chapter 12
 The Middle Colonies comprised the middle region of the
thirteen colonies of the British Empire in Northern
America.
 Much of the area was part of the Netherland until the
British exerted control over the region.
 The middle colonies had rich soil and this allowed this area
of the country to become a major exporter of wheat and
other grains.

8. ***The Middle Colonies*** Chapter 12
 HISTORY- the middle colonies were explored by Henry
Hudson on a journey into the Hudson river and Delaware
Bay in 1609. The Dutch soon claimed the land. Although
the Swedes and the Dutch fought over the land, ultimately
the Dutch claimed the land and they name it New
Netherland. In the 1660s, the English largely conquered
this land from the Dutch , renaming the area New York
after the Duke of York, James II.

9. ***The Middle Colonies*** Chapter 12
 LABOR- was always short supply. The most common solution
was indentured servitude of young whites. However, by the
18th century, black slaves comprised twelve percent of the
population in New York. Most of them were house servants in
Manhattan, or farm workers on Dutch states.
 RELIGION- The middle colonies were the most religiously
diverse part of the British Empire, and experience a high
degree of tolerance.