The document discusses the Dodd-Frank Financial Reform Act and why financial regulation is needed but may not be fully effective. It summarizes key provisions of Dodd-Frank including establishing a Financial Stability Oversight Council, winding up failing financial firms, and limiting risky bank activities. However, it notes Dodd-Frank is very complex and doesn't address all risks, and new regulations could unintentionally shift banks to riskier activities rather than reducing their overall risk appetite. Overall regulatory success depends on directly addressing the underlying problems of contagion, moral hazard, and misaligned incentives.