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The digestive-system
The digestive system functions to digest food and extract nutrients. It consists of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas. Food moves through the system where it is broken down mechanically and chemically. The small intestine absorbs nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream while the large intestine absorbs water before waste is excreted. Accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas produce enzymes and bile to aid in digestion.
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The digestive-system
- 1. The Digestive System Functions •Digestthe foodwe eat • Take the nutrientsoutof yourfoodso your bodycan use it Components • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Large Intestine • Gall bladder • Liver • Pancreas • Esophagus • the tube that connectsyourmouth and your stomach • Stomach • A stretchybag that holdsyourfoodafteryou eat • Helpsto breakfoodintosmallerpiecessoyour bodycan use it for energyandnutrition • Small Intestine • Tube that is20 feetlong. • Continuestodigestfood • Foodstays inyour small intestine for4to 8 hours • Large Intestine • Tube that is5 feetlong • Gets waste fromsmall intestine • Waste stays for10 to 12 hours • Storage tank forbile (agreenish-yellowliquid) that helpsyourbodybreakdownand use fats • Locatedunderyour liver • Shapedlike apear • Gall Bladder • Liver • Factory forantibodiesandbile • Storesvitaminsandsugarsuntil yourbody needsthem • Pancreas • Helpsyoudigestfoodbybreakingdownsugars HealthyHabits • Eat highfiberfoods • Drinklotsof water • Chewfoodwell • Avoidhigh-fatfoods Digestion Types • Mechanical (physical) • Chew • Tear • Grind • Mash • Mix • Chemical • Enzymaticreactionstoimprove digestionof • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids Digestive SystemOrganization • Gastrointestinal (Gl)tract • Tube withinatube • Directlink/pathbetween organs • Structures • Mouth • Pharynx • Esophagus • Stomach • Small intestine • Large Intestine • Rectum Mouth • Teethmechanicallybreakdownfoodintosmall pieces. Tongue mixesfoodwithsaliva(contains amylase,whichhelpsbreakdownstarch). • Epiglottisisaflap-likestructure atthe back of the throat that closesoverthe trachea preventingfoodfromenteringit. Esophagus • Approximately10”long • Functionsinclude: 1. Secrete mucus 2. Movesfoodfrom the throat to the stomach usingmuscle movementcalledperistalsis • If acid fromthe stomachgetsin here that’s heartburn. Stomach • J-shapedmuscularbagthatstoresthe foodyou eat,breaksit downintotinypieces. • Mixesfoodwithdigestive juicesthatcontain enzymestobreakdownproteinsandlipids. • Acidinthe stomachkillsbacteria. • Foodfoundinthe stomachiscalledchyme Small Intestine • Small intestinesare roughly7meterslong • Liningof intestine wallshasfinger-like projectionscalledvilli,toincrease surface area. • The villi are coveredinmicrovilli whichfurther increasessurface areaforabsorption. • Small Intestine • Nutrientsfromthe foodpassintothe bloodstreamthroughthe small intestine walls.
- 2. • Absorbs: • 80%ingestedwater • Vitamins • Minerals • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Lipids • Secretesdigestiveenzymes Large Intestine • About5 feetlong • Acceptswhatsmall intestinesdon’tabsorb • Rectum(shorttermstorage whichholdsfeces before itisexpelled). Functions -Bacterial digestion Fermentcarbohydrates Proteinbreakdown - Absorbsmore water - Concentrates wastes AccessoryOrgans - Notpart of the path of food,butplaya critical role. - Include:Liver,gall bladder,andpancreas Liver - Directlyaffectsdigestionbyproducingbile o Bile helpsdigestfat o filtersouttoxinsandwaste including drugsand alcohol Gall Bladder - Storesbile fromthe liver,releasesitintothe small intestine. - Fatty dietscancause gallstones Pancreas - Producesdigestive enzymestodigestfats, carbohydratesandproteins - Regulatesbloodsugarbyproducinginsulin • Green: Esophagus • Red:Stomach • Pink:Small Intestine • Brown:Large Intestine • Purple:Liver • Green:Gall Bladder Yellow:Pancreas